UNIX for Intermediate Users
Developed by:
User Liaison Section, D-7131
[Name and numbers removed at author's request]
Revision Date:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................ ii
A. Audience..................................................................... ii
B. Course Objectives............................................................ ii
C. Course Handout Conventions...................................................iii
1. THE FILE CALLED .profile AND PROCESSES.............................................. 1
1.1 HOME........................................................................ 1
1.2 PATH........................................................................ 2
1.3 INGRES Environment Variables................................................ 2
1.4 ING_HOME.................................................................... 3
1.5 TERM_INGRES................................................................. 3
1.6 ING_EDIT.................................................................... 3
1.7 Processes................................................................... 4
1.8 Executing a Command......................................................... 4
1.9 Process Identification...................................................... 5
1.10 Interrupt Handling......................................................... 7
2. COMPILING "C" PROGRAMS............................................................... 10
2.1 "C": Sample Program with a Main and Two Functions
in One ............................................................ 10
2.2 "C": Compiling a Program.................................................... 12
2.3 "C": Renaming the Executable Module......................................... 13
2.4 "C": Giving a Name to the Output File....................................... 14
2.5 "C": Producing an Assembly Listing.......................................... 15
2.6 "C": Main and Two Functions in Three Separate
Source Files.............................................................. 16
2.7 "C": Compiling but Not Producing an Executable
Module.................................................................... 17
3. COMPILING FORTRAN PROGRAMS......................................................... 18
3.1 FORTRAN: Sample Program a Main and Two
Subroutines............................................................... 18
3.2 FORTRAN: Compiling a Program................................................ 19
3.3 FORTRAN: Renaming the Executable Module..................................... 20
3.4 FORTRAN: Giving a Name to the Output File................................... 21
3.5 FORTRAN: Producing an Assembly Listing...................................... 22
3.6 FORTRAN: Main and Two Subroutines in Three
Separate Source Files........................................ 23
3.7 FORTRAN: Compiling But Not Producing an Executable
Module.................................................................... 24
3.8 FORTRAN: Compiling Object Files to Produce an
Executable Module....................................... 25
4. COMPILING COBOL PROGRAMS............................................................ 26
4.1 COBOL: Sample Program with a Main and Two
Subroutines............................................................... 26
4.2 COBOL: Compiling a Program.................................................. 27
4.3 COBOL: Running a Program.................................................... 28
Workshop 2-4..................................................................... 30
5. UNIX TOOLS.......................................................................... 34
5.1 The make Utility............................................................ 34
p: A Pattern Matching Filter............................................................ 37
5.2.1 More on Regular Expressions........................................ 38
5.2.2 Closure............................................................ 42
5.2.3 Some Nice grep Options ................................ 43
5.2.4 Summary of Regular Expression Characters........................... 44
5.3 sed: Edit a File to Standard Output......................................... 45
5.4 awk: A Pattern Matching Programming Language................................ 49
5.5 sort: Sort a File........................................................... 53
5.6 Archiver and Library Maintainer............................................. 56
5.7 Creating an Archive File with Object Modules................................ 57
5.8 Verifying the Contents of the Archive File.................................. 57
5.9 Removing Duplicate Object Files............................................. 58
5.10 Compiling Main and Archive Files........................................... 58
Workshop 5....................................................................... 59
6. UNIX UTILITIES PART I - DISPLAY AND MANIPULATE FILES................................ 63
7. UNIX UTILITIES PART II - DISPLAY AND ALTER STAUTS................................... 73
8. UNIX UTILITIES PART III - MISCELLANEOUS............................................. 85
9. ADVANCED FEATURES OF FTP............................................................ 90
9.1 Initializing FTP on UMAX.................................................... 91
9.2 Multiple File Transfers..................................................... 92
9.3 Auto Login Feature.......................................................... 93
9.4 Macros...................................................................... 95
9.5 Filename Translation........................................................ 96
9.6 Aborting Transfers.......................................................... 97
9.7 More Remote Computer Commands............................................... 98
Workshop 10...................................................................... 99
APPENDIX A - sh.........................................................................101
APPENDIX B - ftp........................................................................116
APPENDIX C - C Compiler.................................................................128
APPENDIX D - FORTRAN Compiler...........................................................137
APPENDIX E - lint.......................................................................147
APPENDIX F - cb.........................................................................151
APPENDIX G - ar.........................................................................152
INDEX...................................................................................157
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Audience
This course is for individuals who need to use utilities and
advanced features of the UNIX operating system.
B. Course Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course the student will be
able to:
1. Compile C, FORTRAN, and COBOL programs.
2. Create processes to run in the background
3. Use advanced features of FTP such as: multiple file
transfers, auto logins, macros, globbing, filename
translation, aborting transfers, and other remote
computer commands.
4. Use UNIX utility programs such as grep, sed, awk, sort,
and others.
5. Use the make utility.
6. Understand processes, including structure, executing a
command, process identification, exit status, plus .
(dot) and exec processing.
C. Course Handout Conventions
There are several conventions used in this handout for
consistency and easier interpretation:
1. Samples of actual terminal sessions are single-lined
boxed.
2. User entries are shown in bold print and are
underlined.
exit
3. All keyboard functions in the text will be bold.
(Ret) Backspace
Tab Ctrl-F6
Print (Shift-F7) Go to DOS (1)
NOTE: (Ret) indicates the Return or Enter key
located above the right Shift key.
4. Examples of user entries not showing the computer's
response are in dotted-lined boxes.
5. Command formats are double-lined boxed.
6. Three dots either in vertical or horizontal alignment
mean continuation or that data is missing from diagram.