Autostereogram
Autostereogram is a cool sort of image that when viewed in a special way
(with eyes crossed or "walled") enables the viewer to see a [1]3D
structure within it by [2]cheating human stereoscopic vision (it is
therefore in a sense also an optical illusion). As the name suggests it is
a special case of [3]stereogram but unlike many traditional stereograms
consisting of two side by side images, autostereogram is only a single
image that forms the perceivable 3D pattern by being overlaid with itself
(hence the prefix auto). These images are quite awesome for they implement
stereoscopic 3D images without the need for special glasses or complex
techniques like [4]autostereoscopy or [5]holography -- autostereograms can
be made as long as we can draw plain 2D images, but of course they also
suffer from some limitations. There are several types of autostereograms.
Viewing autostereograms is easy for some and difficult for others but
don't worry, it can be trained. One trick that's used (for the "cross
eyed" types of images) is putting a finger in front of the image, focusing
your sight on it and then lowering the finger while keeping your eyes
looking at the point where the finger was (for "walled" images you have to
be looking beyond the image, i.e. try looking at a wall behind it). Also
be careful about the possibility of crossing your eyes "too much" and
seeing the image in incorrect way. Once you see the pattern, keep looking
at it for a longer time, it becomes clearer and clear as the brain makes
out more of the structure (it may also help to slightly move your head
from side to side).
TODO
Random Dot Autostereograms
The "random dot" technique gives rise to an especially [6]interesting type
of autostereogram -- one whose creation can easily be automatized with a
program and which lets us embed any depth image (or [7]heightmap) into an
image that consists of some repeating base pattern. And yes, it can even
be animated! The pattern image may in theory be anything, even a photo,
but it should have great variety, high frequencies and big contrast to
work properly, so the typical pattern is just randomly generated color
dots. This pattern is then horizontally deformed according to the embedded
depth image. A disadvantage is, of course, that we can only embed the
depth image, we cannot give it any texture.
TODO: more detail
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If you look at this image the correct way, you'll see a 3D image of big
letters spelling out LRS. Please forgive an increased viewing difficulty
of [8]ASCII art as compared to a true bitmap image.
The following is a [9]C program that generates the above image.
#include <stdio.h>
#define PATTERN_SIZE 16
#define RES_X 75
#define RES_Y 20
#define PATTERN_SEED_SIZE 32
char patternSeed[PATTERN_SEED_SIZE] = " .:,oX#r-'/=*miQ)35;_0p]w@x4EY!{";
char depth[RES_X * RES_Y + 1] = // must be big and simple to be easily seen
" "
" "
" "
" 1111111111111 "
" 11111111111 22222222222222222 "
" 1111111 222222222222222222 1111111111 "
" 1111111 2222222 2222222 1111111111111111 "
" 1111111 2222222 222222 11111111 111111 "
" 1111111 2222222 222222 1111111 111111 "
" 1111111 2222222 2222222 11111111 "
" 1111111 2222222222222222 111111111111 "
" 1111111 11 2222222222222222 111111111111 "
" 1111111 11 2222222 222222 111111111 "
" 1111111 1111 2222222 222222 1111111 11111111 "
" 1111111111111111111 2222222 222222 1111111 1111111 "
" 11111111111111111111 22222222 2222222 11111111 11111111 "
" 2222222222 22222222 1111111111111111111 "
" 1111111111111 "
" "
" ";
char buffer1[PATTERN_SIZE + 1];
char buffer2[PATTERN_SIZE + 1];
int charToDepth(char c)
{
return c == ' ' ? 0 : (c - '0');
}
int main(void)
{
const char *c = depth;
char *lineCurrent, *linePrev;
buffer1[PATTERN_SIZE] = 0;
buffer2[PATTERN_SIZE] = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < RES_Y; ++j)
{
for (int i = 0; i < PATTERN_SIZE; ++i) // initiate first pattern from seed
buffer1[i] = patternSeed[(i + (j * 13)) % PATTERN_SEED_SIZE];
lineCurrent = buffer1;
linePrev = buffer2;
for (int i = 0; i < RES_X; ++i)
{
if (i % PATTERN_SIZE == 0)
{
printf("%s",lineCurrent); // print the rendered line
char *tmp = lineCurrent; // swap previous and current buffer
lineCurrent = linePrev;
linePrev = tmp;
}
lineCurrent[i % PATTERN_SIZE] = // draw the offset pixel
linePrev[(PATTERN_SIZE + i + charToDepth(*c)) % PATTERN_SIZE];
c++;
}
printf("%s\n",lineCurrent); // print also the last buffer
}
return 0;
}
Links:
1. 3d.md
2. cheating.md
3. stereogram.md
4. autostereoscopy.md
5. holograph.md
6. interesting.md
7. heightmap.md
8. ascii_art.md
9. c.md