Alexiei Dingli Knowledge Annotation: Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit Intelligent Systems Reference Library, Volume 16 Editors-in-Chief Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk Prof. Lakhmi C. Jain Systems Research Institute University of South Australia Polish Academy of Sciences Adelaide ul. Newelska 6 Mawson Lakes Campus 01-447 Warsaw South Australia 5095 Poland Australia E-mail: kacprzyk@ibspan.waw.pl E-mail: Lakhmi.jain@unisa.edu.au Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage: springer.com Vol. 1. Christine L. Mumford and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Vol. 11. Samuli Niiranen and Andre Ribeiro (Eds.) Computational Intelligence: Collaboration, Fusion Information Processing and Biological Systems, 2011 and Emergence, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-19620-1 ISBN 978-3-642-01798-8 Vol. 12. Florin Gorunescu Vol. 2. Yuehui Chen and Ajith Abraham Data Mining, 2011 Tree-Structure Based Hybrid ISBN 978-3-642-19720-8 Computational Intelligence, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-04738-1 Vol. 13. Witold Pedrycz and Shyi-Ming Chen (Eds.) Granular Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2011 Vol. 3. Anthony Finn and Steve Scheding ISBN 978-3-642-19819-9 Developments and Challenges for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles, 2010 Vol. 14. George A. Anastassiou and Oktay Duman ISBN 978-3-642-10703-0 Towards Intelligent Modeling: Statistical Approximation Theory, 2011 Vol. 4. Lakhmi C. Jain and Chee Peng Lim (Eds.) ISBN 978-3-642-19825-0 Handbook on Decision Making: Techniques and Applications, 2010 Vol. 15. Antonino Freno and Edmondo Trentin ISBN 978-3-642-13638-2 Hybrid Random Fields, 2011 ISBN 978-3-642-20307-7 Vol. 5. George A. Anastassiou Intelligent Mathematics: Computational Analysis, 2010 Vol. 16. Alexiei Dingli ISBN 978-3-642-17097-3 Knowledge Annotation: Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit, 2011 Vol. 6. Ludmila Dymowa ISBN 978-3-642-20322-0 Soft Computing in Economics and Finance, 2011 ISBN 978-3-642-17718-7 Vol. 7. Gerasimos G. Rigatos Modelling and Control for Intelligent Industrial Systems, 2011 ISBN 978-3-642-17874-0 Vol. 8. Edward H.Y. Lim, James N.K. Liu, and Raymond S.T. Lee Knowledge