Hm. Ok. I can work with that. It brings to mind English speaking Western Europe --> English speaking USA as well as works come from other sources that have been so successfully incorporated into Western learning that they "feel-like" they're English even if they're really German or Russian (typically). == and thank you - until this moment, I hadn't thought of what incorporates what I consider the "construct of whiteness" before but now I have something concrete I can work with like emoticon I'll give a title or two in the main thread. like emoticon === You're right. It gets VERY complicated when speaking of figures from Spain and the Mediterranean and Latin America and such. I try to avoid it mostly. I'm ok with "European / Western culture" but to say "white culture" is, eh... it's got too much baggage and includes many Africans in the mix via the cradles of Western civilization for White to be really a useful category for me. == Breakdowns by nationality or allegiance is a little more specific and practical to work with than racial divisions imo generally. WITHIN a particular society, the black/white division might be useful. But on the world stage across history, it's too mixed. == It's contextual, Brett. It's awkward and messy to extend local issues such as subcultural divisions within the USA that can be drawn along color lines to the entirety of world history for example. You can go back a few hundred years, sure. Maybe to 1600s? But before that, continuing racial divisions is kinda useless and it's better to go with national or allegiance (such as religion) lines. ==