That's the history you received. I was taught that model in school (USA) and believed it. Around the age of 24, I investigated and ended up joining the Eastern Orthodox Christians for about 5 years. Even spent a little time in a monastery. Totally convertitis. I learned more about the world between 500 and 1500 AD and a lot of gaps filled in that went back to about 150 AD. Parts of the world like the Middle East (Byzantium then, although calling it Byzantium isn't entirely technically correct, just easier) and Russia had rich histories and writings from across the time span that illustrate less of what you imagine it to have been like, and more of what it really was like, at least among the best of the educated. The very same peoples who we admire for their ancients, the Greek philosophers, didn't just have all their books burned except for a magical copy that showed up in 15th century Italy thanks to Islamic revival scholars of the 11th century or some such nonsense, which is one of the spun tales I hear. Rather, the knowledge and methodologies of ancient Greek rhetoric, philosophy, knowledge, lived and BREATHED within the ongoing cultures that followed. Greeks debating over the finer points of the Trinity in the 3rd century were the same kinds of Greeks debating finer points of philosophy 500 years prior. Same culture. Learned about the greats, who were greats back then too, except perhaps Plato was a hero of thought from 600 years prior, whereas now he's a hero of thought from 2500 years prior. A long time ago whether you were in 3rd century AD or 21tt century AD. There was far less ignorance than you were taught.