This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org:
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Title : Proxmox VE - One Public IP
Author : Remy van Elst
Date : 10-07-2014
URL : https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/Proxmox_VE_One_Public_IP.html
Format : Markdown/HTML
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This guide will show you how to set up Proxmox with only one public IP. We will
configure an extra interface bridge and make sure VM traffic is NATed. I have a
few dedicated servers, some run Proxmox. Most of them however have only a few
IP's. Therefore the VM's in proxmox cannot all have a public IP. For most of
them that is not a problem. If needed I run a proxy or set up iptables to
forward ports to the VM's.
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This guide is tested on a proxmox machine running proxmox version 3.2.
What we will have at the end is a VM with an SSH port reachable on the public
IP:
Container/VM ------------ Proxmox Server -------------- Public Internet
10.21.21.5:22 --- 10.21.21.5:22 NAT to 1.2.3.4:2222 --- 1.2.3.4:2222
Proxmox by default creates one interface, `vmbr0`. That config looks like this:
# /etc/network/interfaces
auto vmbr0
iface vmbr0 inet static
address 1.2.3.4
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 1.2.3.0
broadcast 1.2.3.255
gateway 1.2.3.1
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
Replace `1.2.3.X` with your public ip, network, gateway and such. Do note that
there might be more interfaces, like `vmbr1` for ipv6.
We create a new bridge which will enable NAT when the interface gets UP. Add the
following to the file:
# /etc/network/interfaces:
auto vmbr2
iface vmbr2 inet static
address 10.21.21.254
netmask 255.255.255.0
bridge_ports none
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
post-up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s '10.21.21.0/24' -o vmbr0 -j MASQUERADE
post-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s '10.21.21.0/24' -o vmbr0 -j MASQUERADE
post-up iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to 10.21.21.5:22
post-down iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to 10.21.21.5:22
The first part:
address 10.21.21.254
netmask 255.255.255.0
bridge_ports none
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
defines the IP address and subnet mask of the new interface. It also tells the
network stack that the bridge has no actual ports (like eth0) and that the
Spanning Tree Protocol should be disabled.
post-up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Enables IP forwarding when this interface gets up. This allows the machine to
forward packets.
post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s '10.21.21.0/24' -o vmbr0 -j MASQUERADE
post-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s '10.21.21.0/24' -o vmbr0 -j MASQUERADE
These two lines enable the actual NAT-ing of packets from the source network
'10.21.21.0/24' and `vmbr0` as the output interface. If your WAN interface has a
different name, change that here. The first line enables the natting when the
interface gets up, the second line deletes the firewall rule when the interface
goes down.
post-up iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to 10.21.21.5:22
post-down iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to 10.21.21.5:22
These two rules enable and disable the actual port forwarding of tcp port `2222`
on the WAN IP to tcp port 22 on internal IP address 10.21.21.5. Here as well the
WAN interface (this time, the input interface) is `vmbr0`.
If you for example want to expose tcp port 80 of a VM with IP 10.21.21.6 on the
public IP's port 80, you should also add these lines:
post-up iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 10.21.21.6:80
post-down iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -i vmbr0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 10.21.21.6:80
When you create a KVM VM, make sure it is attached to the bridge `vmbr2`. It
should also have a static IP configured in the range you define. OpenVZ `venet`
interfaces with an IP in this range automagiaclly work.
Don't forget to restart the network afterwards:
/etc/init.d/networking restart
[1]: https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=7435ae6b8212
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