This is a text-only version of the following page on https://raymii.org:
---
Title : OpenVMS CDE Desktop Remote X session GUI (on AXPbox)
Author : Remy van Elst
Date : 26-01-2021
URL : https://raymii.org/s/blog/OpenVMS_CDE_Desktop_remote_x_axpbox.html
Format : Markdown/HTML
---
![Tetris][4]
> Gaming on OpenVMS over the network, Tetris from 1995
Last year November, I [posted][2] on a new OpenVMS related project, [AXPbox,
the open source Alpha emulator][0], a fork of es40 by Tomáš
Glozar. [Last week I put together the first official release][3] of AXPbox, one
of the changes being in the network code, making it more stable, thus
being able to run a remote X session. Meaning, you can run the CDE desktop
and enjoy everything the OpenVMS GUI has to offer.
This article shows you how to run the CDE GUI in a remote X session, including
switching between the old Motif look and the new DECWindows and how to run
Tetris.
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VSI [offers a hobbyist program][6] where you can get an OpenVMS license for
free, and this guide is a great fit for hobbyists. I know of no OpenVMS server
deployment where a GUI is actually used in day to day operations. (Most clusters
I'm aware of run Rdb or oracle databases).
### Prerequisites
You need an OpenVMS installation with networking, which can be the [hobbyist
program's FreeAXP from VSI][6] if you're on Windows, or [AXPbox][5] on other
operating systems.
If you install OpenVMS you will be asked if you want to install the GUI, during
the installation. If you've answered NO there, you can [download the PDF][24]
from the [VSI product site][23] to install it in your OpenVMS installation.
You can find my [installation guide for OpenVMS with networking here][5], it sets
up a networked OpenVMS installation in AXPbox which is my basis for this guide.
The GUI runs in a remote X session. On linux I prefer to use Xephyr, which is what
I'll use in this guide. On Windows you can use [xming][7], here on [this topic][8]
you can find a few pictures of their settings.
The network in AXPbox [is not as stable as it can be][9], it took me a few times,
rebooting AXPbox, before I got a stable GUI. But, when I had one, it was rock solid.
In this guide I assume the IP of the OpenVMS machine to be `10.0.2.25` and the IP
of the linux machine running the X server `10.0.2.15`.
### Starting the GUI
On your linux machine fire up an X server with Xephyr:
Xephyr -screen 1024x768 :1 -ac -listen tcp
If you use Windows, you can use [xming][7], [here][10] and [here][8] are tips to set that
up.
On your OpenVMS machine you must first enable the remote display to your local linux
machine's X server:
set display/create/node=10.0.2.15/transport=tcpip/server=1/exec
Replace the IP address by your local linux machine. The `server=1` part must match
the `:1` display number on your X server.
Start the CDE desktop login manager with the following command:
run sys$system:decw$startlogin.exe
If you run VSI OpenVMS 8.4-2, this is the login screen:
![VSI logo login][11]
If you run HP OpenVMS 8.4 or 8.3, the logo is different (screenshot is from Tomáš):
![HP logo login][12]
If you run COMPAQ OpenVMS 7.3 (on Alpha), the logo is from Compaq:
![Compaq logo login][13]
After entering a correct username and password, a blue screen with one line of
text (`Starting the New Desktop for OpenVMS`) pops up while the desktop is
loading:
![blue screen][15]
When you're logged in, the desktop appears with a help window. This is how it
looks for me:
![default login][26]
Click around and open up a few programs. There is not much pre-installed, you
have a terminal, file manager, text editor, calendar, clock and a few more
utilities. Here is a screenshot with some programs open:
![desktop][14]
On the first login my user password was expired and the login manager prompted
me to set a new password. One of the nice features, well thought out, was to
choose a new password right then and there:
![new password][19]
### Tetris
This is were you all came for, gaming on OpenVMS. [Digiater][27] hosts
the OpenVMS freeware archive, which includes [Tetris][28]. A simple game, but
it's both precompiled and works well enough over this remote X session to be usable.
Lets make a folder and fire up `FTP` to download the file from Digiater.
Create a new folder to download Tetris into:
$ create /directory [.tetris]
Go into the folder:
$ set def [.tetris]
Download the executable via FTP:
$ ftp ftp.digiater.nl
220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [privsep] [TLS] ----------
220-You are user number 2 of 12 allowed.
220-Local time is now 06:59. Server port: 21.
220-Only anonymous FTP is allowed here
220 You will be disconnected after 15 minutes of inactivity.
Connected to www.digiater.nl.
Name (www.digiater.nl:system): anonymous
230 Anonymous user logged in
Don't forget binary and passive, otherwise you will get an error:
FTP> binary
200 TYPE is now 8-bit binary
FTP> passive on
Passive is ON.
Get the archive:
FTP> get /openvms/freeware/v40/tetris312/tetris_axp.exe
200 PORT command successful
150-Connecting to port 49191
150 57.0 kbytes to download
226-File successfully transferred
226 0.858 seconds (measured here), 58.3 Kbytes per second
local: SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSMGR.TETRIS]tetris_axp.exe;1 remote: openvms/freeware/v40/tetris312/tetris_axp.exe
58310 bytes received in 00:00:00.00 seconds (2289.00 Gbytes/s)
FTP>
Exit FTP with `CTRL+Z` and open up a file manager to navigate to that new folder. Click tetris to launch,
or open up a terminal and fire it up from there (`run tetris_axp.exe`). Below are two screenshots:
![tetris 2][4]
![tetris 3][30]
If you've launched Tetris via a DECterminal, you will be shown the scores:
![tetris scores][29]
The screenshot shows the time being 2018, but that is due to my HP hobbyist license only
being valid in 2018, I had to set the time on OpenVMS back. But I assure you, it was
2021 when I took the screenshot.
For more gaming on OpenVMS, [here is a guide on compiling DOOM][41].
### DECWindows vs Motif
Over the years there have been different GUI's for OpenVMS. Quoting part of [Wikipedia][20]:
- The original graphical user interface for VMS was a proprietary windowing system known as the VMS Workstation Software (VWS), which was first released for the VAXstation I in 1984. It exposed an API called the User Interface Services (UIS). It ran on a limited selection of VAX hardware.
- In 1989, DEC replaced VWS with a new X11-based windowing system named DECwindows. It was first included in VAX/VMS V5.1. Early versions of DECwindows featured an interface built on top of a proprietary toolkit named XUI. A layered product named UISX was provided to allow VWS/UIS applications to run on top of DECwindows.
- In 1991, DEC replaced XUI with the Motif toolkit, creating DECwindows Motif. As a result, the Motif Window Manager became the default DECwindows interface in OpenVMS V6.0, although the XUI window manager remained as an option.
- In 1996, as part of OpenVMS V7.1, DEC released the "New Desktop" interface for DECwindows Motif. The New Desktop consisted of a significant subset of the Common Desktop Environment. On Alpha and Itanium systems, it is still possible to select the older MWM-based UI (referred to as the "DECwindows Desktop") at login time. The New Desktop was never ported to the VAX releases of OpenVMS.
And that's where we're at today as of window systems. There is a [WebUI][21] coming, ([demo video][22]),
but that is targeted at cluster / systems management, not at us hobbyists. Nonetheless, very cool though.
Here is the text editor in the old Traditional Desktop / Motif style:
![motif style][18]
The same text editor in the "modern" New Desktop / DECWindows style:
![decwindows style][17]
To select the other desktop as the default desktop, perform the following steps.
If the file `SYS$MANAGER:DECW$PRIVATE_APPS_SETUP.COM` does not exist, copy it from
`DECW$PRIVATE_APPS_SETUP.TEMPLATE`:
COPY SYS$MANAGER:DECW$PRIVATE_APPS_SETUP.TEMPLATE SYS$COMMON:[SYSMGR]DECW$PRIVATE_APPS_SETUP.COM
Edit `SYS$MANAGER:DECW$PRIVATE_APPS_SETUP.COM` and add a symbol definition for
`DECW$START_NEW_DESKTOP`. In that file it is already there, but commented out.
Remove the exclamation point (`!`) from the beginning of the line to
"uncomment" it.
EDIT /EDT SYS$MANAGER:DECW$PRIVATE_APPS_SETUP.COM
You'll enter a line editor. To switch to visual mode, type `change` followed
by Return. You can use the arrow keys to scroll down.
Exit visual mode with `CTRL+Z`, then type `exit` to save the file.
If you want the New Desktop as the default:
DECW$START_NEW_DESKTOP == "TRUE"
If you want the traditional desktop as the default:
DECW$START_NEW_DESKTOP == "FALSE"
Restart DECwindows using the following command:
@SYS$MANAGER:DECW$STARTUP RESTART
### Built in GUI program commands
On my local installation, network is not as stable as it could be, so often I do not
open a full CDE desktop session, but just fire up the programs I want.
This results in a black background and only the program open in the X session,
no window borders like in the screenshot below:
![no window manager][16]
You can also use an alternative command to fire up a desktop session. First find
out what's behind the logical name `CDE$SESSIONMAIN`:
$ show log cde$sessionmain
"CDE$SESSIONMAIN" = "mcr cde$system_defaults:[bin]dtsession" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)
Fire up that command:
$ mcr cde$system_defaults:[bin]dtsession
`dtsession` is the CDE login manager, also [available on linux][25].
You can prefix any command with `spawn/nowait/input=nl: ` to run it in the background,
so you can start multiple commands without running a desktop. An example to start
the file manager in the background:
SPAWN/NOWAIT/INPUT=NL: RUN SYS$SYSTEM:VUE$MASTER
Here is a list of most of the GUI commands:
- Calculator: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CALC`
- Calendar: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CALENDAR`
- Cardfiler: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CARDFILER`
- Clock: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$CLOCK`
- CDA Viewer: `VIEW/INTERFACE=DECWINDOWS filename`
- DECsound: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECSOUND`
- DECterm: `CREATE/TERMINAL=DECTERM`
- EVE: `EDIT/TPU/DISPLAY=DECWINDOWS`
- FileView: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:VUE$MASTER`
- Mail: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$MAIL`
- Message Panel: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$MESSAGEPANEL`
- Notepad: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$NOTEPAD`
- Print Screen: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$PRINTSCREEN`
- Paint: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$PAINT`
- Puzzle: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$PUZZLE`
- Session Manager: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$SESSION`
- Bookreader: `RUN SYS$SYSTEM:DECW$BOOKREADER`
Via the VSI site, [Using DECwindows Motif for OpenVMS PDF][23].
### More Screenshots
Below are a few more screenshots of different programs, to give you a nostalgic feeling of how the OpenVMS GUI looks,
if you don't want to setup everything yourself but still want to enjoy the looks.
![mail][31]
> Mail
![sesson manager][32]
> Session manager
![more session manager][37]
> More session manager
![clock][33]
> Clock and Calendar
![control panel][34]
> Control panel and extended calendar
![decterm options][35]
> DECTerminal options
![notepad][36]
> Notepad (not EVE)
![EVE Split][38]
> EVE editor with split (2 files at once)
![EVE][39]
> EVE editor with the save dialog open
![Bookreader][40]
> Bookreader with the clock help
[0]: https://github.com/lenticularis39/axpbox
[1]: /s/blog/AXPBox-version-1.0.0-released.html
[2]: /s/blog/Exciting_OpenVMS_Alpha_emulation_news_es40_has_been_forked_to_axpbox.html
[3]: /s/blog/AXPBox-version-1.0.0-released.html
[4]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-7.3-tetris.png
[5]: /s/tutorials/Installing_OpenVMS_8.4_Alpha_in_AXPbox_with_networking.html
[6]: https://training.vmssoftware.com/hobbyist/
[7]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/
[8]: http://web.archive.org/web/20210126134344/https://www.openvmshobbyist.com/forum/viewthread.php?forum_id=161&thread_id=2400
[9]: https://github.com/lenticularis39/axpbox/issues/23
[10]: https://sourceforge.net/p/vms-ports/wiki/InteropOtherOs/
[11]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-VSI.png
[12]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-HP.png
[13]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-COMPAQ.png
[14]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-desktop.png
[15]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-6.png
[16]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-no-wm.png
[17]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-7.3-decwindows-editor.png
[18]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-7.3-Motif-Editor.png
[19]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-pw.png
[20]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMS#DECwindows
[21]: http://web.archive.org/web/20201207040826/https://vmssoftware.com/products/webui/
[22]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3_0y-WdhcI
[23]: http://web.archive.org/web/20210126143534/https://vmssoftware.com/products/decwindows-motif/
[24]: http://web.archive.org/web/20210126143547/https://vmssoftware.com/docs/6434_DECW_INSTALLING.pdf
[25]: http://cdesktopenv.sourceforge.net/man1/dtsession.html
[26]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-8.png
[27]: https://www.digiater.nl/
[28]: https://www.digiater.nl/openvms/freeware/v40/tetris312/
[29]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-7.3-tetris-2.png
[30]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-7.3-tetris-3.png
[31]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-9.png
[32]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-10.png
[33]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-11.png
[34]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-12.png
[35]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-13.png
[36]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-14.png
[37]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-15.png
[38]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-16.png
[39]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-17.png
[40]: /s/inc/img/OpenVMS-X-18.png
[41]: https://astr0baby.wordpress.com/2019/03/07/compiling-prboom-on-openvms-8-4-alpha/
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