[HN Gopher] Engineered material can reconnect severed nerves
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Engineered material can reconnect severed nerves
 
Author : geox
Score  : 208 points
Date   : 2023-10-10 17:46 UTC (5 hours ago)
 
web link (news.rice.edu)
w3m dump (news.rice.edu)
 
| rpmisms wrote:
| I'm not a medical person, can anyone who knows more than me
| explain exactly how cool this is? Fixing spinal cords, or just
| repairing simple nerve severance?
 
  | achileas wrote:
  | Too early to tell. Might make less invasive neurostimulation
  | therapies, may or may not make them more effective (not all
  | neurons can grow back or grow back to where they are supposed
  | to be).
 
  | busterarm wrote:
  | Neuropathy affects a lot of people. Diabetics, for example.
  | This could improve a lot of lives.
 
  | trey-jones wrote:
  | I too am interested in the applications of this technology and
  | also what the timeline for that might look like.
 
  | Gibbon1 wrote:
  | Even small nerve injuries can be life changing. Friend my motor
  | cycle rat friends hit a bridge abutment. Severed the nerves in
  | his right shoulder. He has no feeling in and cannot move his
  | arm. So being able to fix that would be a big deal for people
  | affected.
 
  | markisus wrote:
  | From the article, the device is more like a bridge rather than
  | something that helps the body heal.
 
    | rpmisms wrote:
    | Yeah, as far as I understand, it can act like a bridge
    | between two ends of a severed nerve.
 
      | rbanffy wrote:
      | Give me a pair of bridges and a conductor to make the nerve
      | signals travel at electric current speeds and I'll give you
      | almost instantaneous reflexes.
 
| einpoklum wrote:
| I'm very impressed with this advance of modern bio-science - a
| strain of intelligent rice which can be trained in engineering.
 
| gpderetta wrote:
| Neural lace when?
 
  | ElFitz wrote:
  | Considering how hard it is to actually fix any accidental
  | damage to brain cells and nerves, and the far-reaching
  | consequences of such damage, I am always amazed to see how many
  | are eager to just plug something into it and let some arbitrary
  | code send electric shocks through their brain.
  | 
  | I get the unfathomable potential of the thing, and the appeal
  | of said potential. But that's a product I won't be an early-
  | adopter of.
 
    | gpderetta wrote:
    | Oh, me neither! But growing up reading scifi and cyberpunk in
    | particular, one has to wonder.
 
    | viraptor wrote:
    | Yeah, every time something like that is mentioned, I just
    | think of small issues that could cause noise on the output.
    | Basically if you wear some device that helps you, either
    | passive like glasses or active like a hearing aid, you can
    | immediately disconnect then if needed. But imagine an implant
    | bugs out and you start receiving a maximum signal for
    | something without being able to stop. Like a blinding bright
    | light which doesn't go away when you close your eyes. As much
    | as the cyberpunk idea is fun, I'd have to really suffer
    | without some implant to risk it.
 
| unsupp0rted wrote:
| I've always found it incongruous that we can move a person's body
| around the globe at 900 kilometers per hour for 25 hours for
| under $1500 but for 1000x that price and even with 1000x that
| time we can't bridge the distance between a brain and a foot.
 
  | grishka wrote:
  | Given enough curiosity, anyone can understand how and why a jet
  | plane works in as much or as little detail as they want. Planes
  | were engineered by humans from first principles and we're good
  | at both documenting our inventions and understanding those
  | first principles.
  | 
  | Building something to interface with a biological system,
  | though, is another matter entirely. It could as well be alien
  | technology. It requires reverse engineering a lot of extremely
  | complex stuff that was not designed by our civilization. So
  | incomprehensibly complex that we only fairly recently made
  | enough progress in other fields to be able to build tools to
  | meaningfully poke at it.
 
  | root_axis wrote:
  | I don't see what's incongruous about it, those two tasks are
  | completely different, making a comparison with respect to
  | distance isn't meaningful.
 
  | carabiner wrote:
  | These seem completely unrelated. One is about travel distance
  | the other is about forming tissue connections. We can easily
  | travel the distance between brain and a foot, it's around 5 ft.
 
  | inglor_cz wrote:
  | Individual science disciplines advance at a very uneven speed
  | and with different start points in history.
  | 
  | We have always (OK, at least since Ancient Egypt) known more
  | about mathematics than about physics.
  | 
  | We have always (...) known more about physics than about
  | chemistry.
  | 
  | We have always (...) known more about chemistry than about our
  | bodies.
  | 
  | The available technology mirrors that.
 
    | grishka wrote:
    | And biology in particular is unique because it requires other
    | fields to progress pretty far for the tools necessary for
    | comprehensive biological research to become possible. As in,
    | a microscope is a prerequisite for the discovery of cells and
    | microorganisms.
 
  | kmeisthax wrote:
  | So, I'll put this into terms that a sysadmin can understand:
  | imagine if all the Ethernet or fiber going to a datacenter rack
  | was bundled up, and I cut that bundle up. Now you have to
  | splice them back together so that every port is still connected
  | to the same port it was before I cut the cables. Oh, and also,
  | the cables are microscopic, incredibly fragile, and we don't
  | know how to actually repair them. We sort of just hope they can
  | grow back in place.
 
    | londons_explore wrote:
    | For scale, a human spine has coming off it a few hundred
    | thousand nerve fibers inside 31 pairs of nerves.[1]
    | 
    | I was actually expecting more, since that is effectively IO
    | for the whole body, and each individual nerve fiber tends not
    | to fire more than tens of Hz.
    | 
    | [1]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612209/
 
      | rbanffy wrote:
      | Not the whole body. Eyes and ears have their own high
      | bandwidth direct attachment interfaces to the cortex.
 
    | p1esk wrote:
    | The fact that they grow back in place makes the whole thing
    | 1000x easier, no?
 
      | itishappy wrote:
      | Only if it grows back correctly!
      | 
      | Imagine attempting to wire up a datacenter that is actively
      | trying to rewire itself (and not necessarily to your
      | plans).
 
        | garba_dlm wrote:
        | here's the kicker
        | 
        | it's all connected to an organic deep neural network
        | 
        | which means that the specific arrangement of the physical
        | wires doesn't matter. because there's a training period
        | in which the neural network literally learns to control
        | the body anyways
 
        | chairhairair wrote:
        | If we only ever wanted to reconnect nerves of fetuses
        | that might be relevant.
 
        | knome wrote:
        | There's no reason to be glib. If patients' brains can
        | reconfigure following trauma such as strokes [1] or
        | having our entire visual field flipped [2] there's no
        | reason to assume one couldn't reroute around having
        | nerves hooked up differently.
        | 
        | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326735/ [2] htt
        | ps://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/nov/12/improbable
        | ...
 
        | tsavo wrote:
        | Can speak from personal experience. Traumatic incident
        | which severed the nerves to my leg in multiple places.
        | Nerves eventually regrew and reconnected within the leg,
        | and then again where they were severed in the foot.
        | 
        | Motor and senory nerves reacted differently.
        | 
        | When motor nerves reconnected, I still couldn't contract
        | the muscles and went through a series of steps to relearn
        | how to use the limb. First I was trying to "move" the
        | leg, but effectively the "IP address" for the leg was
        | changed so my "move" signals were going to where my head
        | thought the leg was instead of to the new connection.
        | Instead, I would estim a specific muscle and "listen" in
        | my head for where "noise" was coming from. That "noise"
        | was the electric buzzing from the estim'd muscle
        | contraction. Eventually, I learned how to concentrate to
        | make a muscle contract, and many steps later (pun
        | intended), I learned to walk again.
        | 
        | Sensory nerves didn't need a push signal, they're like a
        | constant inbound feed when connected. When the sensory
        | nerves reconnected, it is something you definitely
        | notice. Going about your day, and suddenly you feel an
        | jolt, like being shocked, and over the next few hours to
        | days the area that is reconnecting is burning, stinging,
        | feels like it is being crushed by pressure, and cold all
        | at the same time. It was much more intense than when your
        | arm falls asleep. The sensation can be maddening but it
        | eventually passes as your body begins to sort and
        | acclimate the signals.
        | 
        | All of these steps on calibrating the sensory nerves and
        | learning how to contract and coordinate muscles is
        | something we take for granted as people usually sort it
        | out when they're infants.
 
        | azalemeth wrote:
        | I've had exactly these experiences following a spinal
        | injury -- fracture of a vertebra but with minimal cord
        | damage and quite a lot of disruption to the dorsal root
        | ganglia.
        | 
        | You can't put into words how weird it is to fall over
        | because your brain thinks your foot is somewhere it
        | isn't. Or how suddenly you become incredibly aware of how
        | the front of your calf feels. Or how overjoyed you are to
        | be able to move your toes again for the first time in a
        | year. It's not like what you see on the movies.
        | 
        | Wallerian degeneration -- yes, degeneration -- is part of
        | the healing process of some grades of nerve injury.
        | Things literally get worse before they get better, as the
        | fragment left of the crushed axon degenerates to its root
        | and then regrows. It's incredibly slow -- around 1mm/day
        | at most -- and a matter of probabilities. What's also
        | worth mentioning is that there are plenty of internal
        | nerves too, where restoring function after a trauma would
        | be life-changing -- like the Vegas nerve, which buggers
        | up lots of things if damaged slightly, or, in my case,
        | some of the nerves in the fundus and neck of the bladder,
        | meaning that my toileting is really very different than
        | it was before.
        | 
        | I'm glad you're doing better, and hope you continue to do
        | so. I've no idea if the device the article is talking
        | about will ever help, but nerve injuries cause so much
        | disability worldwide I'm glad they're continuing to be
        | worked on.
 
        | dotnet00 wrote:
        | Except the arrangement starts to matter more and more
        | with age.
 
        | garba_dlm wrote:
        | depends on the person
        | 
        | most old people actually matter less and less with age
 
      | 2devnull wrote:
      | No.
 
      | inglor_cz wrote:
      | Unless they get weird and turn cancerous, or some kind of
      | strange Ethernet-eating bug attacks and eats them etc.
      | 
      | Regenerative medicine of living tissues is extra hard.
 
  | xwdv wrote:
  | The class of problems that falls under the category of movement
  | of matter is fairly trivial.
  | 
  | Repairing severed nerves is more like an entropy-reversal class
  | problem. I don't think we could even put a sufficiently broken
  | tea cup back together exactly as it was.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | finite_depth wrote:
  | It might help to remember that a human body has more cells than
  | there are people on Earth by around three orders of magnitude,
  | and that you're engineering things on the scale of nano- or
  | micrometers.
  | 
  | A typical human cell is on the order of 10 micrometers. If you
  | need to bridge even 1 cm of that, you're bridging ~a thousand
  | cell-widths. If you think of a cell as the somatic equivalent
  | of a house in a city, that's the equivalent of an
  | infrastructure project spanning (based on a quick count of the
  | number of houses on each block in Oakland) the equivalent of
  | around six miles, or roughly from downtown Oakland to El
  | Cerrito on a map of the Bay (~4 BART stations). And you have to
  | do that on a scale where precision manufacturing is incredibly
  | hard, where you're dealing with extremely difficult problems of
  | chemical synthesis, in a living body, without provoking the
  | body's defense or repair mechanisms to stop you. And that's
  | assuming you even know what you're trying to do, which requires
  | an understanding of the machinery of those cells that we often
  | don't have.
 
  | havnagiggle wrote:
  | Some things turn out to be hard to do.
 
    | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
    | Yes, and a lot of those things are done.
    | 
    | It's just interesting the way we've progressed.
 
  | HL33tibCe7 wrote:
  | You're not thinking hard enough
 
  | tibbydudeza wrote:
  | Ever tried splicing fiber optic cable by hand compared to say
  | telephone wire ???.
  | 
  | How does the bus protocol work - it is not like it is 5V/-5V ,
  | it is insanely complex ???.
 
  | throw1234651234 wrote:
  | People think medicine is way more advanced that it actually is.
  | We can't add back some crystals on a tooth. We can't re-attach
  | a nail to a nail bed. We can't fix cartilage. We can't
  | physically repair arteries (short of donor material) or
  | varicose veins. List goes on and on.
 
  | renewiltord wrote:
  | Is that interesting? It seems natural. Precision has always
  | been quite hard. Most people can kick a ball 10 m more easily
  | than they can kick a ball 1 m but to center the hit at a 1 mm
  | spot. I can carry a pile of sand 100 m easier than I can move 1
  | grain of sand precisely 1 cm without disturbing the others
  | around it.
 
| tired_and_awake wrote:
| University hosted announcements (e.g. rice.edu announces a major
| breakthrough) have incentives that are so out of wack it's
| basically clickbait at this point.
| 
| Researchers oversell their results for publishing and funding
| purposes. Then the university oversells those results to draw in
| students/investors.
| 
| Curious if others feel the same way or if I'm just too cynical at
| this point...
 
  | anoxor wrote:
  | 30 % of physics and chemistry can't be replicated. 70 % of soft
  | science can't be replicated. Most of what we know about
  | sociology may just be fake, and given that a huge foundation of
  | progressive thought around rase, sex, and gender is based on
  | this, this is a big problem.
  | 
  | at a minimum, this isn't far off
 
    | OnlineGladiator wrote:
    | > 30 % of physics and chemistry can't be replicated.
    | 
    | Is this true? I left academia a long time ago, but I'd be
    | surprised if it's that good. I'd actually suspect it's the
    | inverse and only 30% can be replicated.
 
      | bluGill wrote:
      | Who knows? Most science nobody attempts to replicate. The
      | major stuff yes, but small things are not worth the cost or
      | time.
 
  | beambot wrote:
  | I understand the cynicism. Academic reporting is a _hard_ &
  | thankless gig.
  | 
  | The non-cynical version: Half of a researcher's job is
  | disseminating results -- to other researchers & the populace at
  | large. I'd much rather have excited university announcements
  | (even over-reaching ones) than the rage-porn news that
  | dominates the airwaves & "mainstream news" homepages.
  | 
  | Besides: Any serious researcher will just revert to the actual
  | peer-reviewed source material. It was linked in the article.
  | Here it is: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-023-01680-4
  | 
  | And here's the PDF:
  | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477527v2....
  | 
  | As someone who has peripheral knowledge in this space
  | (piezeoelectric & magnetostrictive devices and neural
  | stimulation & recording): I've never seen a magnetostrictive
  | material capable of developing a DC bias. Further, driving the
  | device in a non-resonant mode for neural stimulation is even
  | more new to me -- that's quite fascinating, and I'd say that
  | article lives up to the hype from my 1000-ft vantage. I.e. This
  | was effective reporting.
 
    | imnotdang wrote:
    | [flagged]
 
  | Terr_ wrote:
  | That makes me think of this comic on the news cycle:
  | https://phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1174
 
  | [deleted]
 
| codeisawesome wrote:
| Would it be possible in a sci-fi near-future to transplant a new,
| lab-grown vertebral column, using something like this?
 
  | rbanffy wrote:
  | Imagine a lab-grown vertebral column where nerve signals travel
  | at electric current speeds.
 
    | newZWhoDis wrote:
    | CS:GO and StarCraft would need new leagues
 
  | m463 wrote:
  | speaking of scifi
  | 
  | I wonder... especially after reading about people developing
  | limbs or fingers they don't have:
  | 
  | "Some of CTRL-Labs' goals are mind-bendingly exotic, like
  | training a model for controlling extra fingers.
  | 
  | https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/6/17433516/ctrl-labs-brain-c...
  | 
  | I wonder if we could augment/cross our nerves to control things
  | we normally can't control? what if we could release hormones on
  | demand, like maybe release adrenaline or calm down?
 
    | jillesvangurp wrote:
    | Reminds me of a few hilarious plot points in a few Ian Banks
    | novels. One of them, the Hydrogen Sonata had this passage:
    | 
    | "Is it true your body was covered in over a hundred penises?"
    | "No. I think the most I ever had was about sixty, but that
    | was slightly too many. I settled on fifty-three as the
    | maximum. Even then it was very difficult maintaining an
    | erection in all of them at the same time, even with four
    | hearts."
    | 
    | Silly as this is, Ian Banks had a way of taking the mere hint
    | of the possibility of a thing to it's logical extremes. His
    | characters change sex, regrow limps, or morph themselves into
    | a different alien species basically in an orgy of hedonism
    | and utopianism. Definitely science fiction/fantasy when he
    | wrote it but eerily close to becoming science fact as time
    | progresses.
 
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