[HN Gopher] Melatonin as a treatment for food waste
___________________________________________________________________
 
Melatonin as a treatment for food waste
 
Author : WallyFunk
Score  : 78 points
Date   : 2023-08-04 18:37 UTC (4 hours ago)
 
web link (www.anthropocenemagazine.org)
w3m dump (www.anthropocenemagazine.org)
 
| denverllc wrote:
| Speaking of fruit preservation: has anyone bought
| prepacked/sliced fruit from the grocery store / Costco that has
| an "off" flavor to it? Almost like they added some preservative.
| (The different fruit had the same flavor, which makes me think
| something was added). I have, and nothing was on the ingredients,
| so I am wondering what could have been added.
 
  | delgaudm wrote:
  | Could it be lemon juice? That's a common think to add to
  | preserve color and prevent oxidation in a home recipe.
 
| droopyEyelids wrote:
| Most people know melatonin as extracellular melatonin, released
| by the pineal gland, which acts as a hormone to promote sleep.
| 
| Melatonin is also a powerful intracellular antioxidant that
| protects cells against oxidative stressors made in mitochondria
| as byproducts of ATP production. Aside from the pineal gland
| melatonin, melatonin is produced directly in mitochondria by
| cytochrome c oxidase upon exposure to near infrared.
| 
| https://youtu.be/2Zzo4SJopcY?t=404
| 
| That seems more relevant to this discussion.
 
| vvpan wrote:
| Melatonin is very interesting because it is believed that all
| living things (bacteria, fungi, etc) have it [1]. Calling it a
| "sleep aid" is somewhat off because in humans and other animals
| it is compound heavily involved in modulating circadian rhythms.
| It is not a "drug".
| 
| And a little personal anecdote about it: I have gone through a
| period of bad sleep and depression and was taking melotonin to
| help with sleep. On some mornings I would wake up completely
| emotionally destroyed, barely able to function. After observing
| the patterns for a few months I notice that this happened only on
| days after melotonin intake. Looking around the internet I've
| found stories of people describing exactly the same symptoms as
| I've had mornings after melotonin ingestion. Long story short I
| am likely not taking melotonin ever again and regret ever doing
| so. Sometimes I even wonder whether it generally exacerbated or
| even caused my condition at the time. I think research on this is
| scant atm.
| 
| [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481276/
 
  | patrulek wrote:
  | I had much better results with tryptophan than melatonin in
  | sleep quality.
  | 
  | Taking melatonin for me resulted in top many random grogginess
  | or waking early in the middle of nights.
 
  | kouru225 wrote:
  | How were you taking it? My psychiatrist recommended that I take
  | it 12 hours before I want to wake up and really only recommends
  | 1 mg or so.
 
    | vvpan wrote:
    | Honestly, I do not remember. A few years have elapsed. I did
    | not do so in any thoughtful way - there was a supplement in
    | pill form and I took it in the evening. Pretty much the only
    | time in my life I self-medicated with something. I would say
    | just observe how it makes you feel, keep a diary? At least
    | out of curiosity rather than caution. If you find it makes
    | you feel better then that's great. (Of course subjectivity is
    | a problem in this case).
 
  | savanaly wrote:
  | Just taking melatonin vs not taking it isn't the only decision
  | space. There's a lot that goes into taking it to make it work.
  | I've never done so but I understand this to be the case from
  | reading this [0].
  | 
  | [0] https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/07/10/melatonin-much-more-
  | th...
 
    | vvpan wrote:
    | I believe it. I guess my takeaways are:
    | 
    | * Be cautious, effects of taking a hormone are complex and it
    | can be more potent than might be evident at first.
    | 
    | * If you have sleep issues they might have a root cause. In
    | my case I think it was circumstantial anxiety.
    | 
    | * Jetlag is not that big of a deal.
 
  | cjrp wrote:
  | The dosage of melatonin you can buy over-the-counter in the US
  | always surprises me. In the UK I believe it's only 2mg with a
  | prescription, but I was seeing 5mg+ just in a grocery store.
 
    | loeg wrote:
    | Part of the problem historically (into the 2010s) was that
    | MIT had a patent on doses of melatonin under 1mg[1]. So
    | manufacturers could only avoid the patent by selling larger
    | doses. That patent is expired but to some extent customers
    | probably still think more is better.
    | 
    | Personally, I use a fairly large dose of melatonin daily
    | without ill effect; and it works better for me than smaller
    | doses.
    | 
    | [1]: https://patents.google.com/patent/US5641801A/en
 
      | Zak wrote:
      | I've seen few better examples of what's wrong with the
      | patent system than this.
 
    | matthewaveryusa wrote:
    | Behold the new target market: children at 1mg [1]. The US
    | markets melatonin as a vitamin.
    | 
    | I really have no clue on the long term adverse effects, but
    | having used 5mg as a sleeping aid for a bit, one thing is for
    | sure: melatonin is really not for OTC child use.
    | 
    | I'm shocked that this is legal!
    | 
    | [1] https://www.target.com/s/kids+melatonin+gummies
 
      | vl wrote:
      | Yes, let's make everything illegal, so you have to pay
      | somebody to give a prescription to you any time you need
      | anything. Somebody else always knows better what is good
      | for you! Especially it will help poor people, which already
      | shop at veterinary stores instead of pharmacies.
 
      | cjrp wrote:
      | My friend, a children's psychiatric nurse, said they offer
      | something like 0.2mg doses for kids in their care. 1mg is
      | huge!
 
    | vidarh wrote:
    | Up to 2mg for sleep, 3mg for jet lag in the UK. 3mg affects
    | me badly - I take at most 1mg.
 
  | ac29 wrote:
  | Melatonin in the US is frequently found in 5 or 10 mg doses,
  | which is a huge amount and can cause adverse reactions in
  | people. A better dose is 0.3mg (300 mcg) or 0.5mg (500 mcg).
 
    | vvpan wrote:
    | General problem with "supplements" I imagine.
 
      | mrguyorama wrote:
      | Also, a supplement being labled "500 micrograms" has no
      | requirement to be correct. The FDA has handwaved away the
      | entire industry, and broadly there is zero quality control
      | for actual active ingredients. Many supplements will claim
      | that they've been tested, but there's no legal requirement
      | to do so, the labs are usually owned by supplement makers,
      | and there's no penalty for lying about any testing as
      | fraudulent marketing claims largely go unpunished because
      | the US judicial branch chooses to interpret the law
      | stupidly conservatively
 
      | vidarh wrote:
      | It seems to be particularly bad with Melatonin, because a
      | lot of people do really badly with big doses. A 3mg dose
      | makes me more exhausted than I've _ever_ felt before
      | melatonin. I tried A couple of times. Never again. I wrote
      | it off until someone pointed out this isn 't unusual with
      | doses that high. 1mg dose is fine. I can't image how I'd
      | have felt with a higher dose.
 
    | qwerpy wrote:
    | That explains a lot. I have a bottle of 5mg pills and I found
    | out I could still feel the effects when I would take a tiny
    | "nibble" of the pill. So over the course of a bad sleep week
    | I would slowly consume a single pill. This bottle is a
    | lifetime supply, assuming it doesn't degrade.
 
    | [deleted]
 
  | circuit10 wrote:
  | Isn't a drug just anything that affects how your body
  | functions? It doesn't have to be something that your body
  | wouldn't have in it anyway
 
    | scotty79 wrote:
    | Sugar affects how your body functions too.
 
      | mewpmewp2 wrote:
      | So homeopathy pills are drugs!
 
    | vvpan wrote:
    | You are probably correct, I honestly do not know. What I
    | meant is that there is an association between melatonin and
    | sleep and there is _some_ research on it as an effective
    | medicine but the quantity of it (to my untrained eye) is
    | limited. So when people take it they generally take it as an
    | over-the-counter supplement with some hope for uncertain
    | effects because "it's the thing in the body that regulates
    | sleep". Thus the quotes around "drug".
 
    | speak_plainly wrote:
    | I'm no doctor but I think the difference between a drug and a
    | hormone is that a drug is a foreign substance you take to
    | affect the way your body functions while a hormone is
    | something produced endogenously to regulate various processes
    | in the body.
    | 
    | People need to understand that melatonin is a hormone and
    | that comes with different risks and issues than a drug.
 
      | mrguyorama wrote:
      | There is no concrete definition of "Drug". Most working
      | definitions are "Something that affects you, but isn't
      | food".
 
        | brianpan wrote:
        | Nor is there a concrete definition of hormone.
        | 
        | Drug: Chemical that affect you (by ingesting), but isn't
        | food.
        | 
        | Hormone: Chemical that affects you.
 
      | swores wrote:
      | Nah, there are drugs that already exist in the body (such
      | as the extremely strong psychedelic DMT, which naturally
      | occurs in tiny amounts within human brains and within many
      | other animals and plants).
      | 
      | There isn't a hard scientific boundary of what substances
      | count as a "drug", and if a hormone is being taken as a
      | pill to affect a human then it is being used as a drug.
 
      | delecti wrote:
      | Drugs and hormones aren't separate groups either. Melatonin
      | is a hormone which is also sold as a drug. Additionally,
      | some hormones are wholly artificial; many of the estrogens
      | and progestins which are used for birth control fit that
      | description.
 
  | mallomarmeasle wrote:
  | I wonder about the dosage you might've been taking. Many, many
  | people take much more than needed, and higher doses are more
  | likely to have adverse effects. 250-300 ug is an appropriate
  | dosage for most adults. Note that common over-the-counter
  | dosages are 10 to 25 mg. There is a Cochran collaboration meta-
  | analysis supporting this.
  | 
  | I work in a pharmacy school in the US. One of my colleagues
  | told me a funny anecdote about traveling in Great Britain. He
  | had forgotten his melatonin, so went to a pharmacy to get some.
  | The pharmacist told him that it was only available with a
  | prescription, being a neurohormone. But here's some
  | promethazine OTC. That's Rx only in the US.
 
    | OGWhales wrote:
    | It can be frustrating finding it in reasonable doses. I
    | remember reading somewhere that the original formula was
    | quite a small dose and other manufacturers simply increased
    | the dose to get around the patent. Naturally, people showed a
    | preference for the higher doses because they assumed it must
    | be better, despite a lack of evidence. As a result,
    | manufacturers making pills with a more reasonable dose were
    | less likely to sell their product and a general trend of
    | increasing doses was observed. This is why it's easy to find
    | 10-25mg dosed pills in stores, but difficult to find anything
    | sub 3mg, let alone sub 1mg.
 
    | vidarh wrote:
    | 10-25mg seems really high. UK NHS advice is 2mg for sleep,
    | 3mg for jet lag, w/advice it can be _increased to up to_ 10mg
    | if you don 't get the desired.effect at lower doses.
    | 
    | For my part, 3mg leaves me totally ruined (exhausted,
    | lethargic, worse than being ill) the following day. 1mg seems
    | to improve my sleep, but I can totally believe less would
    | work too. I will certainly not go higher.
    | 
    | UK is weird with this - I can order all kinds of stuff from
    | abroad that I can't buy OTC here, but there's also another
    | recent "workaround": online pharmacies here can sell you a
    | variety of prescription drugs provided they ask you the
    | appropriate questions and have a prescription issued as part
    | of the sales process. Got my last melatonin that way.
 
      | inglor_cz wrote:
      | I can tolerate 3 mg very well, 5 mg seems to be the bridge
      | too far, where I wake up exhausted and lethargic.
      | 
      | I experimented with higher doses, such as 15 mg. They
      | worked like sledgehammer to the forehead, with a weird
      | feeling the next day. Not recommended. A good sleep mask
      | and ear plugs are better than increasing dosage of
      | melatonin, at least for me.
      | 
      | Here in CZ, melatonin is OTC.
 
    | vvpan wrote:
    | I think that's super reasonable and I have no record or
    | memory of dosage, sadly. Although nowadays I approach such
    | things from a very different angle: why do I think I need to
    | medicate at all? Why am I, a relatively young and healthy
    | person, not sleeping well? Jet lag in my book is not a strong
    | enough reason to self-medicate, just suck it up and learn to
    | enjoy early mornings =)
    | 
    | I have been reading a book about biological effects of
    | daylight and how little sun a modern person is exposed to on
    | a daily basis. There has been more research on the topic,
    | especially since a recent research on receptors in the eye
    | responsible for detecting gradual changes in daylight
    | (ipRGCs). Spending more time in the daylight might be a
    | better way to self-medicate.
 
      | zemvpferreira wrote:
      | My own two cents on melatonin at low (.5mg) dosages: it
      | helps me go to bed and keep a reasonable circadian rythm
      | 100x better than any sleep hygiene trick. Without it I have
      | racing thoughts for hours and no sleep pressure on a 24
      | hour cycle. It's a great boon for me, a healthy normal
      | person.
 
    | r00fus wrote:
    | At lower dosages it acts to nudge your body to feel drowsy.
    | 
    | At higher doses it has a soporific effect similar to other
    | more powerful sleep medications.
    | 
    | I and my family use it to help with long jetlag but just for
    | the first few days.
 
| tracker1 wrote:
| This just sounds like a bad idea. Not least of which, is that we
| have enough food to feed the world, and food waste has a
| usefulness and that is in creating new live soil.
 
| raun1 wrote:
| Melatonin disrupts circadian hormonal cycles. One of the key ways
| being delay of morning secretion of cortisol and other hormones.
| 
| It really should not be ingested except on rare occasions.
 
| insanitybit wrote:
| Not loading for me.
| 
| web archive link here:
| 
| https://web.archive.org/web/20230804183727/https://www.anthr...
 
  | [deleted]
 
| DoreenMichele wrote:
| Terrible title.
| 
|  _...melatonin could also be a vital tool to help fresh produce
| survive its own journey from farm to fork, reducing the
| monumental amount of food loss that occurs each year._
| 
| I interpreted the title to mean it would be applied to food after
| it was deemed "waste" as a form of "waste treatment" of some
| kind.
| 
| I am not thrilled by the proposal. Melatonin impacts the immune
| system in ways not yet understood. This could be kind of like
| adding more antibiotics to the food chain.
 
| Havoc wrote:
| Take care with the stuff. Thought it's safer than other sleeping
| tablets (and it is), but when they say don't use long term it's
| for a reason.
| 
| Ended up with strange continuous low key chest pains. Was fine,
| just had to stop
 
| clumsysmurf wrote:
| If you have IBD / Chrohn's be careful with melatonin
| https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/melatonin-used-to-...
 
  | kromem wrote:
  | As mentioned in the article, there's also studies where it may
  | improve things. This particular one is a mouse model with
  | induced DSS colitis, which I kind of wish would be erased from
  | methodology forever across literature.
  | 
  | Not only is it mice rather than humans, but it is focused on
  | replicating the end symptoms without mirroring the underlying
  | causes.
  | 
  | For example, what if IBD/Crohn's had to do with decreased gut
  | melatonin production, leading to bacterial changes in the gut
  | leading to autoimmune attacks leading to gut
  | inflammation/ulcerations? Without replicating the casual
  | factors, simply inducing ulcerations using a chemical agent
  | without also replicating the autoimmune attack isn't very
  | helpful.
  | 
  | And anecdotally, my own disease is in complete remission with a
  | surprisingly light medical treatment particularly after
  | comparing dietary interventions inducing remission in two meta-
  | analyses and finding the one key shared factor was reduction in
  | processed sugars and introducing the same in my own diet.
  | 
  | But that's with me taking 20mg of melatonin for a sleep
  | disorder. And when my sleep is disturbed too much (as occurs if
  | I don't have the melatonin to use), the resulting physical
  | stress can sometimes induce small flares.
  | 
  | In my own experience and in having looked at studies looking at
  | melatonin use in human IBD patients, I'm fairly skeptical of
  | the findings in the DSS mouse study are enough that anyone with
  | sleep issues helped by melatonin should avoid it.
  | 
  | Especially given there's a 2-fold increase in risk of disease
  | activity in _humans_ with poor sleep:
  | 
  | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659204/
 
  | hombre_fatal wrote:
  | One of the publications they cite says melatonin is good for
  | IBD:
  | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03009...
  | 
  | Too lazy to see if that's backed by a study on actual human
  | health outcomes instead of rat models like the thrust of your
  | article.
 
| lcnmrn wrote:
| ...and IgY for animal products.
 
| pfisherman wrote:
| I don't think sprinkling all the produce with a pharmacologically
| active molecule is a good idea. Side effects can and will be a
| big problem.
 
| maltyr wrote:
| I'm not sure we should cover our food in melatonin. People would
| recoil at the thought of pretty much any other hormone being
| added to our food supply.
| 
| It's strange to me how Melatonin is so uncontrolled in usage,
| dosage, etc., despite being a hormone.
| 
| The article suggests it's safer than current food additives, but
| I find that statement questionable. We don't understand the full
| effect of Melatonin on the human body, so I don't know how you
| can make that conclusion.
 
  | teamonkey wrote:
  | It may be uncontrolled in the US but not everywhere. It's not
  | allowed to be sold without a prescription where I live, and
  | even then it's only prescribed for chronic sleep disorders. I
  | always ask anyone travelling to the US to bring back a bottle.
 
    | RyJones wrote:
    | I asked a pharmacy in Reykjavik if they sold it, or Tylenol
    | PM, and the pharmacist reacted like I'd asked to buy a brick
    | of cocaine.
 
      | orev wrote:
      | Never take Tylenol PM to sleep, unless you also have a
      | reason to need a painkiller (acetaminophen). Acetaminophen
      | is toxic to the liver and can cause liver failure if
      | overdosed. A regular diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is the just
      | the PM part without the extra risk (except that has its own
      | risks).
 
        | jansan wrote:
        | It has a therapeutic index of 10, which is quite low
        | (easy to overdose). I stopped taking Paracetamol almost
        | completely after learning what it can to your body.
        | 
        | Also, there was a story about the developer of DirectX
        | who alledgedly overdoesed on Paracetamol/Tylenol:
        | 
        | https://web.archive.org/web/20201223122742/https://www.ws
        | j.c...
 
        | zigboppityslick wrote:
        | [dead]
 
    | 14 wrote:
    | Here in Canada it is not controlled either and one can freely
    | buy it at places like Walmart or anywhere with a pharmacy
    | section.
 
    | danielbln wrote:
    | In Germany freely available OTC.
 
      | Cthulhu_ wrote:
      | NL as well, a whole section of drug stores (that also sell
      | things like shampoos, hair dyes, makeup, toys, ramen
      | noodles, candy... they diversified) dedicated to melatonin,
      | CBD oils and products, probably some others too.
      | 
      | I want to believe it's because they've been thoroughly
      | tested to not be harmful, since they don't even have the
      | leaflet that's mandatory with drugs / medication listing
      | all the side effects and whatnot.
 
      | jmspring wrote:
      | Is the OTC dosage limited? I recall in a prior life, my
      | partner would bring melatonin back from the states to
      | Germany for her brother.
 
    | swozey wrote:
    | > chronic sleep disorders
    | 
    | Wow. It's been a long time but I've definitely taken
    | melatonin and if I felt any effects at all they definitely
    | weren't strong if even noticable.
    | 
    | Here (USA) Ambien is prescribed often for chronic sleep
    | issues and that drug absolutely terrifies me. I've had
    | friends addicted to it who wound up in a lot of criminal
    | trouble for trespassing and wandering around beaches naked
    | and things like that because they'd sleep-walk hallucinate. I
    | had one friend get arrested for sleeping in someones (random)
    | attic on an ambien kick. A pilot, no less.
    | 
    | My mom gave me a bottle of it when I was in high school and
    | it made me hallucinate in an unpleasant way. I do plenty of
    | mycology stuff but the ambien was weird. I think I took it
    | twice or three times and just stopped.
 
      | skybrian wrote:
      | As with a lot of medicine the dosage matters a lot. I will
      | take .5 mg of melatonin when going to bed earlier than
      | usual and the effect is fairly subtle. But it's commonly
      | sold in 10mg doses which seems very high.
 
        | covercash wrote:
        | I have to go out of my way to find doses under 1mg,
        | almost everything they sell in US retail stores is 5mg or
        | 10mg. Inevitably I end up with something marketed for
        | babies.
 
        | jrockway wrote:
        | My understanding is that melatonin has an inverse
        | correlation between dosage and effect. 10mg won't make
        | you as sleepy as 1mg.
        | 
        | I take 1mg of melatonin every night, and it does
        | immediately make me sleepy. I used to buy 10mg at the
        | drugstore and it just makes me feel like shit for the
        | next day.
 
        | metadat wrote:
        | I hadn't heard of this before!
        | 
        | After some digging here are some interesting discoveries
        | related to melatonin and doxylamine:
        | 
        | https://www.reddit.com/r/insomnia/comments/spoaec/anyone_
        | hav...
        | 
        | https://www.reddit.com/r/insomnia/comments/spoaec/anyone_
        | hav...
 
        | orev wrote:
        | The optimal dose is 0.3mg, so I would cut the 1mg tablet
        | in half to get close. You're still doing better than most
        | people who are essentially taking a horse-sized dose at
        | 10mg.
        | 
        | The 10mg makes you feel bad because it's still in your
        | system the next day. At the recommended (lower) doses,
        | your body fully clears it out by morning, so you feel
        | alert and also have much lower risk of long term effects.
 
        | skybrian wrote:
        | Huh, I had somehow remembered it as 0.9. I expect it
        | varies per person, though.
        | 
        | https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/07/10/melatonin-much-
        | more-th...
 
        | worldsayshi wrote:
        | >inverse correlation between dosage and effect
        | 
        | That sounds quite magical. Wouldn't it be more likely
        | that the uptake characteristics were very different for
        | the two variants? Not sure if possible but maybe the 10mg
        | variant were still being digested the day after so it
        | would make you sleepy then instead of during the night?
 
      | kevinh456 wrote:
      | Ambien makes me wake up screaming at the top of my lungs.
      | Every time. I never remember but it scares the shit out of
      | my wife. No Ambien for me. Lol
 
        | swozey wrote:
        | Are you waking up from a nightmare? Do you have any
        | recollection?
 
      | vl wrote:
      | Melatonin, as any hormone/supplement, helps if you have
      | deficiency, and hurts if you have normal or high level
      | already. If your natural melatonin production is good
      | enough, you are not going to feel effects, or even will get
      | negative effects (I.e. people reporting hallucinations)
 
      | kelnos wrote:
      | Interesting; I didn't realize Ambien was addictive. It was
      | prescribed to me years ago after laser eye surgery (but
      | only a week or so of pills). It was great for the first two
      | or three days (I generally do have trouble sleeping and
      | staying asleep, and Ambien knocked me right out and kept me
      | that way for a solid 8 hours), but then I guess I developed
      | a tolerance and it stopped being effective.
      | 
      | I wonder if that's why people get addicted? Maybe the
      | normal dose is fine, but many some start developing a
      | tolerance, and then self-raise their dosage in order to get
      | it to work again, but a higher dose triggers addiction?
 
        | swozey wrote:
        | I'm not sure about its actual addictive power but I do
        | know that a sad amount of people like to get ambien
        | drunk.
        | 
        | > According to a report by the Drug Abuse Warning Network
        | (DAWN), in 2010, about 57% of ER visits and
        | hospitalizations caused by taking too much Ambien also
        | involved other drugs. Ambien combined with alcohol
        | accounted for 14% of those visits, or 2,851 people total.
        | Combining alcohol and Ambien increased the person's
        | likelihood of requiring transfer to an intensive care
        | unit (ICU) due to overdose.6
        | 
        | That could be because insomnia and alcohol dependence
        | often go hand in hand. Additionally, alcohol works on the
        | same GABA receptors in the brain as Ambien, increasing
        | the effects of both Ambien and alcohol. Reported rates of
        | sleep problems among people with alcohol use disorders
        | (AUDs) in
        | 
        | https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
        | way/2018/05/30/615421269...
        | 
        | https://americanaddictioncenters.org/alcoholism-
        | treatment/mi...
 
      | temp0826 wrote:
      | Fun fact, both ambien (zolpidem) and muscimol (in amanita
      | muscaria mushrooms) act as a GABA-A agonists.
 
        | jurynulifcation wrote:
        | Ethanol is also a GABA-A agonist if I recall correctly
 
      | amelius wrote:
      | And what to think of this book, where the author literally
      | persuades people to megadose on the hormone:
      | 
      | https://www.amazon.com/Melatonin-Transform-Melatonin-
      | resilie...
      | 
      | It's mindboggling that this is freely available.
 
        | baggy_trough wrote:
        | Yes, the absolute mind boggling horror of free people
        | being able to decide for themselves what to ingest.
 
        | sobkas wrote:
        | > Yes, the absolute mind boggling horror of free people
        | being able to decide for themselves what to ingest.
        | 
        | Absolute horror that people ingest things based on a lie.
        | It's on level of this powder doesn't contain asbestos.
        | Just because he isn't a big corp doesn't mean he is free
        | to lie and profit on his lies.
 
        | kelnos wrote:
        | The problem is that capitalism drives people to push lies
        | as fact, and manipulate people into believing those lies.
        | "Well maybe people just shouldn't be so gullible" clearly
        | isn't a solution, or the problem would be solved already.
        | 
        | I don't think that's an excuse to start banning books
        | (and other media), but products like this -- especially
        | anything that advocates a particular approach to health,
        | nutrition, or medicine -- should be vetted by actual
        | experts (more than one), and stores should be required to
        | post disclaimers when the product doesn't pass muster.
        | 
        | Yes, there's the potential for abuse and shady dealings
        | there, but I'd like to believe that the end result would
        | still be better than what we have now.
        | 
        | Now, some people are just raised to believe in complete
        | nonsense, so you're not going to save everyone by trying
        | to educate them. But I think it'd help many people not
        | get drawn in by (potentially dangerous) pseudoscience.
 
        | maksimur wrote:
        | That book screams things such as conspiracy,
        | pseudoscience, crazy guy, cult leader and anything in
        | between, to me.
 
        | swozey wrote:
        | > Dr John Lieurance is a Chiropractic Neurologist and
        | Naturopathic Physician
        | 
        | I had never heard of a Chiropractic Neurologist.
        | Interesting.
        | 
        | Welp reading about him was a wild ride. To save people a
        | click -
        | 
        | > After becoming severely ill with Lyme, EBV and Mold
        | illness, Dr John Lieurance began to explore ways to
        | improve health at the deepest cellular level. His journey
        | brought him to discover Melatonin as the core anti-
        | oxidant that supports all systems in the body. His book
        | on Melatonin takes a deep dive into healing naturally and
        | using high dose melatonin, along with various other
        | practical healing methods to heal the body and live a
        | longer and more vital life.
        | 
        | His life focus is on vitality, longevity and enhanced
        | consciousness. His interest is in connecting what he
        | calls, "The 3 legs of a stool": Vitality of the body,
        | Mind Mastery & a Direct experience of God. Using science
        | and ancient wisdom, he aims to connect these dots in his
        | own journey to becoming the best version of himself in
        | this life. Diving deeply into many healing methods, to
        | discover the deepest and most profound means to activate
        | cellular energy, such as with Melatonin, Methylene Blue,
        | NAD+, as well as fasting with various nutrients to
        | activate responses. Dr. John explores many new paths in
        | the health care world, with his unique & fresh ideas
        | using various delivery systems, such as suppositories and
        | nasal sprays and various protocols he has created. He
        | attended Parker College of Chiropractic & received his
        | Naturopathic degree in 2001 from St. Luke's School of
        | Medicine. He has practiced Functional Neurology,
        | Naturopathic medicine and Regenerative Medicine, using
        | stem cell therapy in Sarasota for 25 years. Founder of
        | the Advanced Rejuvenation Center in Sarasota, Florida,
        | and founder of Functional Cranial Release - which is an
        | Endo-Nasal Cranial Treatment with the ability to unlock
        | the spinal fluid to allow profound healing of the nervous
        | system. See his next book "It's All in Your Head: Endo-
        | Nasal Cranial Therapy". He has been involved in multiple
        | clinical trials, including investigation into the use of
        | stem cells for Parkinson's Disease, COPD, OA of the knee
        | and hip from 2012-2014. He has a clinical focus on mold
        | illness, Lyme disease and chronic viral infections.
 
        | mbernstein wrote:
        | You haven't heard of it because it's unfortunately pseudo
        | science.
 
  | rat9988 wrote:
  | There are many many studies on melatonin, it's not like we know
  | nothing.
 
    | maltyr wrote:
    | And those studies suggest that melatonin plays a critical
    | part in your circadian rhythm, which kind of implies that
    | adding it to your food would also screw with your circadian
    | rhythm. That alone seems like a good enough reason to caution
    | against adding it into the food supply.
    | 
    | Additionally, there are receptors for melatonin in a number
    | of systems in the body, and we don't have much knowledge on
    | what those receptors do.
 
      | kelnos wrote:
      | Then again, my circadian rhythm has been pretty broken
      | since I was a child. Not only does my body drift toward a
      | 28-hour day (20 awake, 8 asleep) if I'm not careful, but I
      | tend not to get tired enough to sleep until 3am or 4am.
      | 
      | Melatonin supplements _fix_ my circadian rhythm. I don 't
      | take it every night, but when I do, I get tired and fall
      | asleep within 3-5 hours, sleep for a solid 8 or 9, and then
      | feel pretty good for the next day. And if I take it again
      | that night at the appropriate time, I can keep myself much
      | closer to a 24-hour wake/sleep cycle.
 
      | Void_ wrote:
      | Once I took melatonin to get a better afternoon nap.
      | 
      | I never felt so groggy in my life. Completely screwed up my
      | internal clock.
      | 
      | I'm very careful with it since then.
      | 
      | Taking it at night time doesn't quite show how powerful it
      | is - since you're sleepy anyway.
 
        | OGWhales wrote:
        | My understanding is that melatonin is useful for
        | adjusting one's internal clock. As an example, if you
        | were to change time zones you could use it to more
        | quickly adjust to a new bed time.
        | 
        | That's how I try to use it now, only when I want to
        | adjust what time I get sleepy. For the same reason, I
        | only take it for one or two nights. It doesn't make sense
        | to take it continuously to me.
 
        | kelnos wrote:
        | Melatonin supplements are not good for napping. If it's
        | having the proper effect, it should get your body into
        | full sleep mode, and you'll want to get a full 8 hours or
        | whatever. Forcing yourself up early will have the exact
        | effect you describe.
        | 
        | > _Taking it at night time doesn't quite show how
        | powerful it is - since you're sleepy anyway._
        | 
        | If you're already sleepy enough to fall asleep at what
        | you deem to be a reasonable time, and you're able to
        | sleep deeply enough for the length of time you want, then
        | you probably don't need melatonin supplements.
 
        | maksimur wrote:
        | The point is taking it in the night if you're not able to
        | get sleepy, especially if you fucked up your circadian
        | rhythm. Taking it in the afternoon is going to fuck up
        | the circadian rhythm if it wasn't already. For that
        | you're better off taking chamomile and valerian.
 
        | Palomides wrote:
        | many people misunderstand melatonin, it isn't a sleeping
        | pill, it's a tool for adjusting your circadian rhythm,
        | taking it before a nap is crazy
 
      | wpietri wrote:
      | > And those studies suggest that melatonin plays a critical
      | part in your circadian rhythm, which kind of implies that
      | adding it to your food would also screw with your circadian
      | rhythm. That alone seems like a good enough reason to
      | caution against adding it into the food supply.
      | 
      | I think you're correct. But electric light also screws with
      | your circadian rhythm, and that's a concern almost nobody
      | takes seriously. Years back I built my own automated
      | lighting system [1] and the biggest thing I learned from it
      | is that I'm not a responsible lightswitch user. My sleep
      | schedule used to be very chaotic. But once I set up my
      | screens and my house to dim and redshift in line with a
      | regular day-night cycle, I not only started sleeping very
      | regularly, but my mood and focus improved.
      | 
      | When electric lighting was introduced it notably changed
      | sleep schedules. [2] But we got used to that and just kinda
      | went with it, even though surveys show massive problems
      | with sleep. For me now it's a cautionary tale about how
      | little we understand the impact of technologies we adopt.
      | 
      | [1] https://github.com/wpietri/sunrise
      | 
      | [2] E.g., the "'Til Morning is Nigh" segement here:
      | https://backstoryradio.org/shows/on-the-clock-4/
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | 99_00 wrote:
  | > The article suggests it's safer than current food additives,
  | but I find that statement questionable. We don't understand the
  | full effect of Melatonin on the human body, so I don't know how
  | you can make that conclusion.
  | 
  | Only allowing substances for which we understand the full
  | effect on the human body is not a mainstream criteria or
  | standard used by any agency in the world. I'm not aware of any
  | substance for which we have a full understanding of the effect
  | on the human body.
 
  | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
  | I think it was here, where I read that the optimal dosage for
  | melatonin was 0.3 mg (300 micrograms).
  | 
  | The smallest OTC dosage you can get, is 1mg, and they sell 10mg
  | pills.
  | 
  | When I switched from 10mg to 0.3mg, my sleep improved
  | _drastically_. Also, I stopped getting those really weird
  | dreams.
  | 
  | But I don't like taking stuff, and ended up stopping
  | completely, a long time ago.
 
    | hughesjj wrote:
    | > The smallest OTC dosage you can get, is 1mg
    | 
    | Well, in the US yeah. It's banned OTC in France and the
    | Netherlands will actually sell you the 0.3mg pills.
 
    | mewpmewp2 wrote:
    | Is there a source for the 0.3mg, because the most sleep
    | supplements around here I've tried seem to have at least
    | 0.5mg, or at least 1mg. They contain a mixture of other
    | things as well, like magnesium, leonurus cadiaca, humulus
    | lupulus.
    | 
    | Melatonin only supplements mostly seem to start at around
    | 2mg. There may be few of them at 1mg.
    | 
    | I can't tell if I've personally had any effects from
    | melatonin specifically though. Sometimes I may have sleep
    | issues and those nights, I think none of those supplements do
    | anything.
 
      | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
      | Dunno about the US, but in Norway there a prescription
      | version that's 2mg total in an extended release
      | formulation. It's a fairly optimal dosage repeated
      | throughout the night. It's technically meant for elderly
      | people who can't stay asleep very well, but it's been
      | pretty easy to get it off-label(doctors will basically be
      | thrilled to be "drug-seeked" for just melatonin instead of
      | benzos or Z-drugs for once, IME), and the price is
      | reasonable, especially now there's a generic version.
      | 
      | Did absolute wonders for my overall sleep quality anyway.
      | And I struggle with both insomnia and frequent awakenings.
 
      | vl wrote:
      | Yes, just get liquid melatonin from Amazon and you can dose
      | it super precisely using small syringe.
 
      | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
      | I'll see if I can find the posting. It was a fairly
      | exhaustive article. It was enough for me to give it a try.
      | 
      |  _EDIT: I think this was it. Looks like it 's had a couple
      | of turns here:
      | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17632668_
 
        | sottol wrote:
        | Yes, I think that's the post. I was also just going to
        | post that.
        | 
        | What I ended up doing is buy smallest dose of melatonin
        | gummy-bears (3mg afair) and they were easier to cut into
        | smaller pieces/lower doses than pills.
        | 
        | I occasionally use these to adjust my circadian rhythm.
        | Naturally I go to bed around 2-4am but I have kids that
        | wake us up at the crack of dawn.
 
        | noodlenotes wrote:
        | My nearby stores have started carrying 1 mg children's
        | melatonin gummies.
 
        | mewpmewp2 wrote:
        | Interesting. Are you certain that in those gummy-bears
        | the melatonin would be spread around the gummy bear
        | equally as opposed to being injected or similar into a
        | single place? I'm not sure how they are combined with
        | melatonin.
        | 
        | Edit: looking around a bit, it does seem like melatonin
        | or supplement ingredients are added and mixed before they
        | are molded, so at least in theory it should be spread
        | around fairly evenly.
 
      | webnrrd2k wrote:
      | Just a suggestion for everyone that takes melatonin -- get
      | some liquid drops. I have a bottle that has 3mg per 30
      | drops, so I take 3 drops on my tongue an hour or two before
      | I want to fall asleep. Liquid drops are the way to go.
      | 
      | [I just posted this upthread, but reposting because I think
      | it's a great way to go]
 
    | kelnos wrote:
    | I still use melatonin on occasion. When I first learned about
    | it, I tried the 10mg version, and it never did anything for
    | me. Years ago I read about 0.3mg being the correct dose, and
    | gave that a try. I don't take it every night, but when I do,
    | I sleep much better, and for longer without waking up.
    | 
    | The main annoying thing about it is that you really need to
    | take it a few hours before you go to sleep. So it's not
    | something where you can realize that you're having trouble
    | falling asleep, and take it only when needed. I have heard of
    | some people where it does make them sleepy immediately after
    | taking it, but I don't think that's a common reaction.
 
      | RheingoldRiver wrote:
      | This is 0.3 and not 3 right? I just checked and my pills
      | are 3mg. If it's supposed to be 0.3 I will buy a new bottle
      | immediately and see if it improves my sleep.
      | 
      | 100% agree about taking it early, I get a bit of an "omg
      | I'm sleepy" effect immediately, but I'm pretty sure it's
      | placebo, I have to take it about 1-2 hours before I want to
      | sleep. But it's still not super effective on its own.
 
        | wincy wrote:
        | I use 0.3mg and it has also improved my sleep
        | drastically. It's not a typo. I also give it to my kids
        | who had terrible problems with sleep (staying up until
        | 1am and bad stuff) and it's made bedtime happen promptly.
 
        | kyle_v wrote:
        | [dead]
 
      | esperent wrote:
      | I take 3mg most nights and find it's an very effective
      | asleep aid. I've tried breaking up the tablets to take
      | around 1 to 0.5g but I don't feel like it does anything. Of
      | course, this is purely anecdotal and it may well be
      | placebo. But it works and as someone who often struggles
      | with sleep I'm not gonna complain when I find something
      | that helps, placebo or not.
      | 
      | At worst, it's far less harmful than drugs, and at best, it
      | may have a bunch of other benefits from reducing cancer
      | risk to reducing depression, to helping with acid reflux
      | and GERD - none yet proven though.
 
    | webnrrd2k wrote:
    | Just a suggestion for everyone that takes melatonin -- get
    | some liquid drops. I have a bottle that has 3mg per 30 drops,
    | so I just take 3 drops on my tongue an hour or two before I
    | want to fall asleep. Liquid drops are the way to go.
 
    | ex3ndr wrote:
    | I needed to cut small pills into 6 pieces to get optimal
    | dosage, now i know why
 
      | vl wrote:
      | There is liquid version in the bottle which you can dose
      | very precisely by using small syringe.
 
    | lancesells wrote:
    | I'll never take it again because of the dreams. If they were
    | fun dreams I would maybe consider it but no. And it's crazy
    | the dosages they sell.
 
    | wheels wrote:
    | Some random anecdata:
    | 
    | I have a chronic sleep disorder, "Non-24 Sleep / Wake
    | Disorder", which means my sleep floats pretty freely and
    | doesn't naturally sync up with the sun. For the most part,
    | I've structured my life for that to be ok, but sometimes it's
    | not. I basically use melanin to bludgeon myself into a more
    | normal sleep pattern when I have to. I usually start with 2
    | mg, 30-60 minutes before I want to sleep, but often when that
    | doesn't work, take another 3 mg, which usually gets the job
    | done. Often I don't even notice 1-2 mg, but 5 mg does
    | register reasonably strongly.
 
    | diego_sandoval wrote:
    | I can attest to having weirder dreams and more nightmares
    | when taking melatonin (3mg)
 
  | joker_minmax wrote:
  | They'd definitely need to disclose this, too. Imagine it being
  | unsafe to operate machinery and drive just because you ate a
  | bowl of berries. (Or for me, melatonin supplements always make
  | me wired for some reason. I wouldn't want to feel caffienated
  | after a bowl of berries.)
 
  | nuxi wrote:
  | Are you sure about the recoil? After all, "vitamin" D is a
  | hormone and it's also added to a lot of different foods. And
  | it's also uncontrolled in usage and dosage...
 
    | Dylan16807 wrote:
    | It's a precursor to a hormone. And whether it's a vitamin
    | depends on your sun exposure.
 
      | conorh wrote:
      | I don't think that is entirely correct (and mostly
      | semantics). Vitamin D has multiple forms [1]
      | 
      |  _Vitamin D from the diet, or from skin synthesis, is
      | biologically inactive. It is activated by two protein
      | enzyme hydroxylation steps, the first in the liver and the
      | second in the kidneys. Because vitamin D can be synthesized
      | in adequate amounts by most mammals if they get enough
      | sunlight, it is not essential and therefore is technically
      | not a vitamin. Instead it can be considered a hormone, with
      | activation of the vitamin D pro-hormone resulting in the
      | active form, calcitriol, which then produces effects via a
      | nuclear receptor in multiple locations._
      | 
      | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D
 
  | wnevets wrote:
  | > It's strange to me how Melatonin is so uncontrolled in usage,
  | dosage, etc., despite being a hormone.
  | 
  | You can thank Mel Gibson and industry lobbying [1][2].
  | 
  | [1]
  | https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/supplements-a...
  | 
  | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IV2olDA0w8U
 
    | hunson_abadeer wrote:
    | > You can thank Mel Gibson and industry lobbying
    | 
    | Why do we always need a boogeyman?
    | 
    | Melatonin appears nearly harmless. Isn't it strange that
    | we've grown so accustomed to so many things being restricted
    | that we're taken aback by this sliver of medical self-
    | determination, and we publish hard-hitting investigative
    | pieces about how supposedly terrible that is?
    | 
    | I get it that we maybe don't want to go back to the era of
    | "patent medicine" containing radium, but when we require
    | prescriptions for birth control, eyeglasses, and non-narcotic
    | sleep aids, maybe we've gone a bit too far.
 
    | maltyr wrote:
    | Other hormones don't get the same treatment. I'm not sure why
    | only melatonin is treated as a dietary supplement when the
    | other hormones are not.
    | 
    | For example, you can't get testosterone or epinephrine, over
    | the counter. Maybe the only other hormones that are as
    | readily available as melatonin are birth control pills, but
    | those are considered pharmaceuticals, and regulated as such.
 
      | hombre_fatal wrote:
      | Well, what are the risks and downsides of testosterone and
      | epinephrine vs. melatonin?
      | 
      | Melatonin is so harmless I'm still not sure if it's a
      | placebo half the time I take it.
 
| kbutler wrote:
| On a youth camping trip, one morning a boy found his (contraband)
| snacks had been raided. A raccoon (probably) had chewed through
| the tent, into his backpack, eaten various snacks, and opened his
| bottle of melatonin and eaten quite a few pills.
| 
| I wonder what the effects were of a massive overdose of melatonin
| on an animal the size of a raccoon...
 
  | burnished wrote:
  | It probably took a nap? I'm not sure about raccoon biology but
  | in humans melatonin is one of the least hazardous things. I'm
  | not sure you can overdose on it practically speaking
 
    | scotty79 wrote:
    | Not even that. Melatonin works best as a sleep aid in small
    | doses. Larger one have less effect.
 
| jimbobimbo wrote:
| Upper dose for melatonin has not been established, generally
| considered safe. https://ajac.substack.com/p/melatonin for
| references.
| 
| I'm on 40mg every night, gives me deep restful sleep.
 
  | deprecative wrote:
  | As an insomniac I am jealous. I take prescription medication
  | for it but nothing I've tried (both prescribed and over the
  | counter) has ever been very restful.
 
| Mountain_Skies wrote:
| Didn't see anything in the article about how much melatonin a
| person would get from eating food treated this way. I sometimes
| take small doses of melatonin during the summer months when my
| sleep pattern tends to drift if I don't actively keep it under
| control but wonder if consuming it through diet would end up
| making lots of people groggy during the day.
 
  | Arrath wrote:
  | Forget groggy, melatonin generally works as a sleep aid for me
  | _but also_ gives me wildly trippy and fucked up dreams. I
  | stopped using it specifically because of that.
 
    | satvikpendem wrote:
    | That's the best part, great way to induce lucid dreams
    | consistently.
 
    | tanjtanjtanj wrote:
    | Your dosage was likely too high. I had the same issue using
    | the smallest dose I could find at the pharmacy (5mg) and it
    | was totally fixed by going to a pill one fifteenth of the
    | dosage that I procured online.
 
      | Arrath wrote:
      | I wouldn't be surprised, they were plain OTC 10mg pills but
      | as I read in an article posted fairly recently on HN I
      | learned that the required dose is often much, much smaller
      | than that. My foray with melatonin was a few years ago and
      | I'm not having trouble sleeping now so I haven't dipped my
      | toes into it again.
 
        | Zetice wrote:
        | Just to confirm, my limited understanding is that 10mg is
        | an incredibly high dosage.
 
        | Arrath wrote:
        | As is mine, now. Back in the wild days of 2016 or so
        | advice online said "just go get some melatonin and you'll
        | sleep!" and the bottle said to take 1 or 2 an hour before
        | you want to sleep, so off I went.
 
        | neteresy wrote:
        | Wait until you read this: "Oral administration of 1,000
        | mg a day of melatonin to five adults for 25 to 30 days
        | resulted in drowsiness being noted as an adverse effect.
        | There were no severe and/or irreversible impacts on
        | clinical parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, ECG,
        | serum chemistry, urine analysis) in these people."
        | Source: Nordlund JJ, Lerner AB. The effects of oral
        | melatonin on skin color and on the release of pituitary
        | hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977
 
      | npunt wrote:
      | I take 300mcg time release and it gives me more vivid
      | dreams. Stuff is powerful
 
      | bestcoder69 wrote:
      | 0.3mg is the dose you want, apparently
      | https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/07/10/melatonin-much-more-
      | th...
 
        | mechhacker wrote:
        | Thank you. Man, that explains a lot of my easy to sleep
        | but wake up early in the morning issues.
 
      | 89vision wrote:
      | I bite off tiny pieces of 5mg pills. One pill lasts me
      | about a week and a half
 
        | beepbooptheory wrote:
        | I did this too. Someone had told me at one point the best
        | thing to do to ingest it is to crush it somehow and keep
        | it under your tongue for 30 seconds. And I also knew I
        | wanted very small amounts of the pills I had. So I would
        | take the tiniest nibbles of the chalky pills and leave
        | them in my mouth for a while, until I could feel the
        | effects slightly come on. Grew weirdly fond of the taste.
 
        | orev wrote:
        | It seems like that would be very hard to get a consistent
        | dose with such a small amount. Those cuts would need to
        | be extremely precise. It would be more reliable to buy
        | the 1mg children's dose and cut them in half.
 
    | inglor_cz wrote:
    | Melatonin causes wild dreams for me, too, but I actually
    | enjoy them. Free cinema.
 
  | scythe wrote:
  | Good question. The paper says 0.1 mmol per liter, i.e. fruit is
  | sprayed with a solution containing about 23 milligrams per
  | liter of melatonin.
  | 
  | It's possible that the amount retained would be less than a few
  | milliliters of solution equivalent -- less than 100 micrograms
  | under practical consumption patterns -- so having little
  | activity. But if the melatonin is absorbed by the fruit, the
  | effect could be significant and particularly problematic since
  | people often eat fruit in the morning.
  | 
  | In any case, I think that a more likely goal of this research
  | (vs actually spraying commercial fruit with melatonin) might be
  | to identify compounds able to produce the same beneficial
  | effect on fruit without causing any adverse effects in humans.
 
| VoodooJuJu wrote:
| You will take the drugs. And you will be happy.
 
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