[HN Gopher] A world where people pay for software
___________________________________________________________________
 
A world where people pay for software
 
Author : robalni
Score  : 204 points
Date   : 2023-07-26 10:47 UTC (12 hours ago)
 
web link (1sub.dev)
w3m dump (1sub.dev)
 
| ericls wrote:
| By "people" are you excluding organizations such as governments,
| corporations etc?
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | > By "people" are you excluding organizations such as
  | governments, corporations etc?
  | 
  | If you mean "people" as in "A world where people pay for
  | software", then no.
  | 
  | I think companies, especially software companies, would like to
  | subscribe in this system if it gets big because if they have
  | dependencies that require subscriptions, they probably don't
  | want anything to get in the way for their employees.
 
| indymike wrote:
| Un-ironically, I make a living from people who pay for my
| software. I have for 30 years, as both a developer for hire, as
| an independent developer and even from royalties. It's not hard.
| Make something useful, make it well, place it where buyers can
| find it, and price it in a way that makes sense.
 
| rchaud wrote:
| Two models that weren't discussed:
| 
| Sketch App - $99 once, $99/yr if you want upgrades (I did not)
| 
| Wordpress model - Core is FOSS, money is made with custom plug-
| ins that can be priced freely.
 
| chadash wrote:
| The link doesn't talk about the SAAS model, which is probably the
| most profitable (and ubiquitous) one these days.
| 
| I know people like to rail against it, but I actually like the
| SAAS model. It keeps incentives aligned. It used to be that I
| might shell out $200 for a piece of productivity software. Now, I
| might pay $10 a month instead. The thing is that under the old
| model, a company was incentivized by make a sale but retention
| didn't matter. Now, a sale is almost worthless, but retention is
| very valuable. Yes, over time I will pay much more with SAAS, but
| I also have companies that are incentivized to keep the software
| working. It doesn't matter that I have a perpetual license on
| accounting software I bought in 2005... it no longer functions
| with my operating system anyway. SAAS helps solve this problem.
 
  | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
  | I think subscriptions would be more popular if you could manage
  | subscriptions on the bank's end.
  | 
  | How is it a company can give me recurring charges and I have no
  | ability to turn them on or off?
 
  | stronglikedan wrote:
  | I avoid saas precisely because of the subscription model.
  | Occasionally, I need to make a flowchart, but I don't need to
  | make flowcharts every month. I used to be able to pay for a
  | flowchart software once, and then use it occasionally. Now it
  | seems that, to get quality flowchart software, I have to pay
  | monthly for something I don't use monthly. So instead, I find
  | some free flowchart software which may or may not be limited in
  | some way that I just deal with, and no one gets my money. Or
  | maybe I find something with a buy-me-a-coffee link, but they
  | would still get more from me if I could just buy a perpetual
  | license for a reasonable price.
  | 
  | Of course, the flowchart is just one example. The same can be
  | said for a lot of utility software I only need occasionally.
 
    | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
    | Yes. I have some audio waveform generation software I use
    | only once in a long while. I paid about $50 for it almost 5
    | years ago. If it were SaaS, I'd have paid a lot more than
    | that over the last 5 years.
    | 
    | A long time ago I worked out an agreement with a local gym.
    | To avoid a membership that I would only need for a few months
    | (I was living in a hotel temporarily with no access to my own
    | equipment), I paid $10 each time I showed up. This could be a
    | useful model for rarely-used software.
 
      | crazygringo wrote:
      | > _I paid $10 each time I showed up. This could be a useful
      | model for rarely-used software._
      | 
      | But it already is. Pay for a month and then cancel. Repeat
      | each time you need it.
      | 
      | I don't understand why people are assuming you have to pay
      | continuously for years instead of just paying for the
      | months you actually use.
 
        | Panzer04 wrote:
        | It's a bit frustrating having to "subscribe" and cancel
        | almost everything. I barely signup to anything and I
        | still forget that I'm subscribed to things.
        | 
        | Companies are fully aware that many, many people forget
        | about charges on their card and leech off those for
        | extended periods.
 
        | crazygringo wrote:
        | Sure but it's also super cheap. That's the benefit.
        | That's the tradeoff.
        | 
        | And it's as easy as setting a calendar reminder.
        | 
        | I do wish you could pay a month without auto renewal
        | turned on, but it's also not a big deal. You can also
        | often just cancel auto-renew immediately after paying, so
        | no need even for a calendar reminder.
 
    | robertlagrant wrote:
    | It's constrained as to how it renders, but check out
    | d2lang[0].
    | 
    | [0] https://d2lang.com
 
    | crazygringo wrote:
    | Funny, your scenario to me seems like SAAS is an
    | _improvement_.
    | 
    | If I only use flowchart software 2x/yr, I can just pay those
    | two individual months and nothing else. Six times over three
    | years is way cheaper than buying it outright ever would have
    | been. Plus after three years I'd be needing something that
    | the newer version introduced anyways.
    | 
    | So in your scenario SAAS saves a bunch of money and keeps
    | your features and OS compatibility up to date.
    | 
    | You just have to remember to cancel it once you're done each
    | month, but that's easy enough with a calendar reminder.
    | 
    | This way you get to save a lot of money over buying it
    | outright.
 
    | cudgy wrote:
    | Some companies saw this issue by providing a read only
    | client. The users can open files that they created but are
    | not able to modify them without a subscription.
    | 
    | By the way, if you are on Apple ecosystem, I recently tried
    | the newly included Apple tool, Freeform, and found it to be
    | surprisingly capable.
 
  | zer8k wrote:
  | SaaS works when not everything is atomized into micro-
  | profitable businesses. The problem with SaaS is it enabled
  | subscription hell and destroyed ownership. When I buy software
  | I reasonably expect to _own_ my copy. No different than when I
  | go to the store and buy a book, or buy a CD of music, or buy
  | food. With SaaS I own nothing. My data is theirs. My stuff is
  | theirs. It is no different than your example where software no
  | longer works with your operating system. If you squint, you can
  | see that once the company changes their model /raises their
  | prices/etc it's no different than my software suddenly not
  | working. The real difference is at least I only paid the _exact
  | cost_ for my utility vs. 5, 10, or even 20x as much for the
  | same utility.
  | 
  | There is a dramatic difference between a world where some
  | software is SaaS but most is owned vs. our current environment
  | where everything is SaaS. It's the gestalt of the SaaS economy
  | you have to look at and not the isolated cases.
  | 
  | Moveover the issue isn't "productivity software" really. That
  | _enhances_ your life. The fact I can 't even own some books,
  | music, simple software, movies, etc is the problem. It creates
  | an environment where the average person is tied down with so
  | many subscriptions just for things they'd normally buy once
  | that they become more poor than would be otherwise.
  | 
  | I am at the point where piracy now makes more sense again and I
  | will basically refuse to purchase any more software. To be
  | honest, I don't care who it hurts. I am tired of being
  | victimized by companies. One of the only software I pay for is
  | the Jetbrains product suite because they are a company whose
  | SaaS model is actually cooperative. Sublime is another one who
  | has more than acceptable terms.
 
    | hooverd wrote:
    | You can add Alibre to that list. They do the JetBrains
    | perpetual license plus N years updates for CAD software.
 
  | nightski wrote:
  | I feel it's the opposite. The incentive is to lock you in and
  | provide as little value as possible for as much money as
  | possible. Get you hooked, take your data hostage, and then jack
  | up the price as much as possible while delivering little to no
  | additional functionality. Bugs? who cares. Broken
  | functionality? No big deal. You are locked in baby!
 
    | lawn wrote:
    | What exactly is the difference from paying up front?
    | 
    | There there's even less incentives to fix bugs, fix broken
    | functionality and god forbid new functionality.
 
      | PeterisP wrote:
      | With SAAS, if the software is barely usable but lacks
      | competition, vendor gets paid even if they don't fix bugs
      | or broken functionality. When paying up-front, there
      | _always_ is competition - your own old version; so the
      | vendor has strong financial motivation to make improvements
      | since the recurring  "maintenance" upgrade revenue is
      | conditional on them, unlike in SAAS.
 
      | labcomputer wrote:
      | The difference is that with upfront payment developers are
      | forced to actually add features that provide more utility.
      | Otherwise customers don't upgrade. With SAAS you have to
      | keep paying, even with if the software is completely static
      | with no new features or bug fixes.
      | 
      | As for bug fixes, do you think I am more or less likely to
      | recommend your software to my friends if it is full of bugs
      | and you don't fix them?
 
      | robinsonb5 wrote:
      | In the case of Sage, the difference was about 500% cost
      | increase for each of my two small businesses.
 
      | skydhash wrote:
      | You buy what is offered (and a support period in most
      | cases). Not a promise. No one buys a consumer car and
      | expects it to run on water the next month.
 
        | eastbound wrote:
        | People totally buy Tesla and expects them to be self-
        | driving next month. Every month since 7 years.
 
      | [deleted]
 
    | r00fus wrote:
    | Where have you experienced data lockin? That sounds like poor
    | SaaS strategies from the 2000s.
 
      | zer8k wrote:
      | Fusion 360 is one example off the top of my head.
 
        | r00fus wrote:
        | I think I would agree for large traditional software
        | companies like Autodesk or Adobe that charged large sums
        | for software versions you typically don't update yearly
        | (Creative Cloud), that a flat subscription model seems to
        | be a bad fit.
        | 
        | Probably less so for software you use daily or make your
        | living off of.
 
        | zer8k wrote:
        | I use a text editor daily. I see no revolutionary methods
        | being added to text editing that could ever justify me
        | paying monthly. Even something as simple as a calorie
        | counter has a monthly charge for features that never
        | change (MyFitnessPal).
 
    | ZephyrBlu wrote:
    | I don't think this is connected with reality. Most companies
    | don't have such strong lock-in, and those that do often have
    | extremely valuable products.
 
      | karaterobot wrote:
      | I dunno, this describes my reality pretty accurately.
      | Apple, Figma, and Adobe all try to lock you in with cloud
      | storage and proprietary storage formats: the more you
      | invest in their products, the more you'd lose by not paying
      | them. I used to run some websites off Squarespace, and
      | there's no way to export them and move somewhere else, so
      | you end up paying ~$200 a year to host a static web page,
      | else recreate it from scratch. Gmail has me locked in by
      | having all my emails from the last twenty years. Slack owns
      | my conversation history with my friends. And so on...
      | 
      | > those that do often have extremely valuable products.
      | 
      | I agree with that. All those products above are valuable
      | and useful to me. But, the price is not commensurate with
      | the value of the product alone. The price only makes sense
      | when you add both the value I get from using the product
      | _and_ the pain I would experience by not using the product
      | anymore. The product developers work hard not only to make
      | the product useful, but also to punish you if you leave.
      | That 's the gross part.
 
        | conradfr wrote:
        | You can connect an IMAP client to Gmail and retrieve all
        | your emails.
 
        | dizhn wrote:
        | Which is something everybody should do before they remove
        | that feature.
 
    | teeray wrote:
    | It reminds me of the dining hall at my university. The food
    | would always be unbelievably good on parents weekend and any
    | time there were tours that would eat there. Every other time
    | it was mediocre at best. The check for the meal plan money
    | cleared and the goal was to give back the bare minimum.
 
    | greatwave1 wrote:
    | I don't think that the incentive to "provide as little value
    | as possible for as much money as possible" is in any way
    | unique to the SAAS pricing model. Theoretically, every
    | optimized pricing model will attempt to maximize revenue at a
    | given value level.
    | 
    | And in practice, what does "get you hooked, take your data
    | hostage" mean? I can't think of many SAAS subscriptions in my
    | personal life where this is a real issue.
 
      | minsc_and_boo wrote:
      | Transition costs are prohibitive.
      | 
      | Some SaaS platforms bill just enough to stay under the cost
      | of transitioning to a competitor (or building first party)
      | to maximize revenue.
 
  | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
  | SaaS is DRM done right.
 
  | arrosenberg wrote:
  | If you pay every month and never own it, that's rent. The
  | landlord will try and lock you in and extract value while
  | providing as little as possible. Sometimes you get a good one
  | that takes care of all the issues, but the majority just want
  | their money.
  | 
  | JetBrains figured this out already. Sell me a perpetual
  | software license that I own and charge me separately to get the
  | updates.
 
  | ilyt wrote:
  | Saas is a model that looks great for some cases but overall
  | leads to shittification of many apps as the way it is often
  | done, to make 100% sure nobody can just use a copy of a program
  | they have, is by putting it in the cloud, which means higher
  | costs to _them_ and worse experience to user (even the best web
  | apps feel pretty laggy compared to native).
 
  | jehb wrote:
  | This has not been my experience at all with SaaS.
  | 
  | I find SaaS products, including ones I have paid for, disappear
  | at a much greater rate than the rate at which the desktop tools
  | they replaced stop working.
  | 
  | There's also next to nothing I can do as an end user when they
  | do disappear. If I'm very lucky, I get a limited window to be
  | able to export a portion of my data. But we've eroded data
  | formats to the point where even if I can export my data, there
  | might be nothing to plug it into. What good is a CSV, even,
  | when what I need is a tool that processes the data in the CSV?
  | There's no option for me to keep an old machine or a VM around
  | and self-support on a discontinued piece of SaaS.
  | 
  | That's to say nothing of the price hikes. $10 a month today
  | becomes $14.99 next month, $17.99 in a year, and before you
  | know it the proprietary system you've locked yourself into now
  | costs five times what you originally paid. Sure, they might add
  | some more features, but since it's SaaS, in many cases you have
  | no choice to seek out a different vendor to provide the same
  | feature, as again, your data is locked up in a format you can't
  | easily extract and work with elsewhere.
 
    | zzzzzzzza wrote:
    | supabase model of open source + saas might be better?
 
    | paulddraper wrote:
    | That's true, but at the point that you have to fire up a VM
    | to use some software... That's pretty niche
 
    | steveBK123 wrote:
    | SaaS from established firms seems to be more durable &
    | maintained. The problem is all the flash in the pan ZIRP VC
    | funded never-profit SaaS startups out there. Hopefully these
    | get shaken out over the next couple years finally.
    | 
    | For example, I've used Adobe products for a very long time,
    | and they get a lot of flack. I was an extensive user of
    | Photoshop (PS) and Lightroom (LR) for a long time.
    | 
    | However, the old model was - PS pay $600 once, then $200 for
    | updates every 2 years or so. LR was $200/100 as I recall. So
    | your run-rate for both was over $150/year (factoring in the
    | initial $800). This was in like year 2000 dollars.
    | 
    | For $150 2023 dollars.. I get constant feature updates, cloud
    | storage & sync, licensed to run on at least 2 machines, etc.
    | Inflation adjusted this is nearly half the price of paying
    | $150 in 2000.
    | 
    | I'm also intrigued by how many very wealthy people are
    | unwilling to pay $10/mo to stream music/video and/or share
    | passwords, when I recall paying $20/CD at the record store in
    | 1998 dollars. You can listen to basically every song you want
    | for the year for the price of (inflation adjusted) 2.5 CDs
    | purchased by my mallrat teenage self back then.
    | 
    | I think we are all just very spoiled..
 
      | ilyt wrote:
      | > I'm also intrigued by how many very wealthy people are
      | unwilling to pay $10/mo to stream music/video and/or share
      | passwords, when I recall paying $20/CD at the record store
      | in 1998 dollars. You can listen to basically every song you
      | want for the year for the price of (inflation adjusted) 2.5
      | CDs purchased by my mallrat teenage self back then.
      | 
      | I'm willing to pay $10/mo to play music but that gets me
      | access to near-all music I want access to, on all devices I
      | use. A CD can be just in one place at once and needs a
      | specific player. So it's a terrible comparison.
 
      | hbn wrote:
      | > I'm also intrigued by how many very wealthy people are
      | unwilling to pay $10/mo to stream music/video and/or share
      | passwords, when I recall paying $20/CD at the record store
      | in 1998 dollars.
      | 
      | Because everything is a recurring automatic charge to my
      | credit card, and one more thing to try and keep track of
      | and continually reevaluate if it's still valuable enough to
      | me to continue paying for it.
      | 
      | When you bought a CD you didn't have to from that point
      | forward continue to think about if you want to continue
      | paying money to have access to the CD.
 
        | brickers wrote:
        | I personally find the subscription model in some ways
        | better in terms of cognitive load - choosing between
        | concrete things can be paralysing enough that the two
        | most likely outcomes are failing to make a choice or
        | choosing something and regretting it. The sense of now
        | owning something that I spent hard earned cash on can
        | feel a burden if money gets tight.
        | 
        | Subscriptions, on the other hand, match how consuming
        | media feels to me - I spent time doing something I liked
        | and the cost enabled that.
        | 
        | Looking on it from a pure economics point of view,
        | clearly it makes more sense to buy a CD and have access
        | to it forever from that spend. But psychologically it
        | feels very different
 
      | robinsonb5 wrote:
      | > SaaS from established firms seems to be more durable &
      | maintained.
      | 
      |  _cough_ Pantone _cough_
 
      | vbezhenar wrote:
      | If I'm buying a lifetime thing, it's an investition. I
      | spent money and got thing that will never get old. As time
      | goes on, I'm getting more things and I need to spend less.
      | 
      | If I'm buying a subscription, it's an obligation. I'll have
      | to spend money from now until I die or I'll get reduced
      | QoL.
      | 
      | Even if today I have spare $200/month, that might not be
      | the case tomorrow. Maybe I'll get fired. Maybe government
      | turn my cash into paper. Maybe I'll have to pay everything
      | I have to doctors to save my live or health. I'll still
      | have bought songs, but I'll no longer have access to the
      | streaming service.
 
        | steveBK123 wrote:
        | Lifetime thing is a rather large statement, especially
        | with software though isn't it? Most of the pre-
        | subscription model compares were never lifetime
        | purchases. Software that needed paid purchase update
        | every 3-5 years to get OS support / features. No software
        | I used in 1995 will run on my current computers. Even
        | 2005 or 2010 is dubious in some cases.
        | 
        | Content constantly changed delivery mechanisms and people
        | had to buy new media/devices every 5-10 years VHS/Betamax
        | -> Laserdisc -> DVD -> Bluray / HD-DVD -> Bluray 4K Vinyl
        | -> 8 track -> Cassette -> CD
        | 
        | For many things there are cheap/free alternatives or you
        | can opt for the fixed cost up front version.
        | 
        | Paper books/eBooks/CDs/DVDs/MP3s can still be purchased
        | outright. Streaming services have ad supported free
        | tiers. You can go to the library, turn on the radio or
        | tune into over the air TV signal. You can buy an old
        | version of photoshop/lightroom put it on an old computer,
        | and don't expect updates. Etc.
 
        | paulmd wrote:
        | > Lifetime thing is a rather large statement, especially
        | with software though isn't it? Most of the pre-
        | subscription model compares were never lifetime
        | purchases. Software that needed paid purchase update
        | every 3-5 years to get OS support / features.
        | 
        | For sufficiently valuable software, people will hold back
        | on an older OS to keep using the software.
        | 
        | A lot of high-end film scanners will come with the 68k or
        | PowerPC mac that's used to run the software, because the
        | alternative would be spending $20-30k for a new one. And
        | industrial systems run on similar models.
 
        | robertlagrant wrote:
        | > No software I used in 1995 will run on my current
        | computers.
        | 
        | Then I'm sorry you didn't play SimCity 2000 (-:
 
        | radiator wrote:
        | > No software I used in 1995 will run on my current
        | computers.
        | 
        | I don't think you have tried too much to run it.
 
        | aleph_minus_one wrote:
        | > Lifetime thing is a rather large statement, especially
        | with software though isn't it? Most of the pre-
        | subscription model compares were never lifetime
        | purchases.
        | 
        | You should hang around more in retro-gaming and retro-
        | computing communities. They invest a lot of time, blood,
        | sweat and tears to get to run some old software on modern
        | devices, or preserve old computing/games devices that is
        | able to run this software.
 
        | ilyt wrote:
        | When Saas software dies, your files die.
        | 
        | When Boxed software dies, you run it on your emulator and
        | your files can be read.
        | 
        | > Content constantly changed delivery mechanisms and
        | people had to buy new media/devices every 5-10 years
        | VHS/Betamax -> Laserdisc -> DVD -> Bluray / HD-DVD ->
        | Bluray 4K Vinyl -> 8 track -> Cassette -> CD
        | 
        | You can still find VHS players. You can't get data from
        | SaaS app that died yesterday
 
        | watermelon0 wrote:
        | > No software I used in 1995 will run on my current
        | computers.
        | 
        | I'd be surprised if many SaaS products from today will
        | still be available in 28 years time.
        | 
        | I'd assume that many 32bit programs from Win95 era still
        | work natively on Windows 11, and for the rest (including
        | 16bit and DOS programs) you can use compatibility layers
        | (e.g. Wine) and emulators.
 
      | waprin wrote:
      | My hypothesis is not that people are spoiled but
      | psychologically anchored.
      | 
      | We buy thousands of items and for most people it's
      | impossible to know how much something "should" cost. So we
      | anchor our expectations to what we know.
      | 
      | Web software was mostly free for years because it was
      | either ad-supported or a speculative venture capital
      | investment. Or a dev releasing it for free thinking that
      | "if we get lots of users we can raise money and figure out
      | monetization later". The Social Network came out in 2009
      | and there's a scene where Zuckerberg was made to look like
      | a genius for rejecting monetization. People who wanted to
      | be like Zuckerberg made stuff for free then hoped to raise
      | money. Finally add in many developers made software for
      | free for personal or ideological reasons.
      | 
      | The end result is that consumers are psychologically
      | anchored to expect that web software "should" be free, an
      | app "should" cost $1 at most, etc It's not really about the
      | $10 as much as people don't like feeling ripped off and
      | paying $10 for something that should cost nothing makes
      | them feel ripped off.
      | 
      | An experience is burned into my brain when a friend who was
      | an aspiring yoga teacher was doing a Twitch stream for 10k
      | viewers as part of an online festival but at the last
      | moment needed to stream to Twitch from his iPhone. There
      | was an app that worked perfectly that cost $15 but he
      | almost sabotaged his whole show frantically searching the
      | App Store for a free alternative because $15 was a ripoff.
      | He caved eventually and unhappily, then to celebrate the
      | stream led friends and family to a sushi restaurant that
      | was $200/person . It was never about his inability to
      | afford $15 but his psychological feeling that a $15 app is
      | a ripoff. But fancy sushi "should" be expensive so $200 is
      | a fair price.
      | 
      | We are very slowly seeing this change as interest rates
      | rise and everyone understands software monetization better
      | but it's a gradual process. For whatever reason it's often
      | devs themselves who push back the hardest against
      | monetization, in their warped world view someone charging
      | $10/mo for a SaaS is deeply unethical but going to work for
      | some FAANG company and fighting hard to maximize TC is
      | completely fine and in fact encouraged. That way your boss
      | worries about monetization and you are free of any moral
      | qualms about it. FAANG devs complaining about
      | subscriptions, privacy , and paywalls are quite common and
      | similar to vegetarians who only eat beef and pork but avoid
      | eating cows or pigs.
 
      | [deleted]
 
      | m463 wrote:
      | saas is antagonistic to customers
      | 
      | It deliberately changes in the interests of the business at
      | the expense of the customer.
      | 
      | Updates are forced, cannot be backed out, lock in the
      | customer, degrade privacy, remove features, upsell, and
      | more.
      | 
      | There needs to be a way to attract willing customers and
      | maintain a respectful trustworthy relationship. Saas
      | doesn't seem to do it.
 
      | paulmd wrote:
      | > I'm also intrigued by how many very wealthy people are
      | unwilling to pay $10/mo to stream music/video and/or share
      | passwords, when I recall paying $20/CD at the record store
      | in 1998 dollars.
      | 
      | I think when it was $10 or $15 a month for Netflix, and you
      | got everything, that people did pay. The problem now is
      | that it's $20 a month for Netflix, and $20 for Hulu, and
      | $25 for Disney plus, and $20 for HBO (ahem, "Max!"), and
      | $15 for Amazon, etc. Fragmentation has meant we're back to
      | a cable bill worth of cost _on top of_ the actual internet
      | (and possibly actual cable), and half the time you still
      | can't watch the thing you want to watch (some seasons not
      | currently in rotation etc).
      | 
      | (Also, the cable model was driven by bundling, you may not
      | watch a bunch of discovery channel or scifi channel
      | personally but you're paying for them regardless. Most
      | people didn't buy _that_ many optional extras, maybe an
      | extra movie channel or sports or something, but, most
      | people were never racking up $100 of ala carte services
      | either. A lot of people would have spent a lot less on
      | cable tv if they were allowed to unbundle.)
      | 
      | Anyway the "piracy is an availability problem" line isn't
      | always true. A lot of times it's a price problem too. Even
      | if Super Netflix came out with actually everything on it
      | for $99 a month I don't think you'd get a lot of takers.
      | There is a number where it's worth my time to pirate even
      | if it's _available_ , it's not like Best Buy didn't carry
      | music or movies pre-iTunes/Netflix, and you could always
      | buy esoteric bands on the web etc. Netflix solved
      | availability _for $10 /month_ and that last part can't be
      | severed while retaining the truth of the insight.
      | 
      | You might say it's not just steam that ended piracy, but
      | _steam sales_ , and as they've slowed down so has my
      | proclivity to spend. I'll buy any old crap at $5 or $10 if
      | it looks fun, and throw it on the backlog, but for $30 or
      | $40 it has to be something I'm specifically interested in
      | playing in the near future.
      | 
      | This summer sale was the first time prices have been decent
      | in a long while, for the last 5 years the discounts have
      | been meager and the base prices remained pretty high. 75%
      | off a game you're still trying to get $60 for 3-5 years
      | after launch isn't exactly the deep discount it's presented
      | as. Konami and Capcom are awful about this.
 
      | AlexandrB wrote:
      | > The problem is all the flash in the pan ZIRP VC funded
      | never-profit SaaS startups out there.
      | 
      | The thing is those startups sometimes make very useful
      | software while they're around. I ran Sparrow (an email
      | client from > 10 years ago) for years after the company
      | that made it was shuttered and acquired by Google. If
      | Sparrow was a SaaS product it would be gone 30 days after
      | the acquisition was announced.
      | 
      | > SaaS from established firms seems to be more durable &
      | maintained.
      | 
      | I'm sure many other users have noticed this too. I wonder
      | if it makes breaking into the software space as an upstart
      | firm harder than "in the old days".
 
      | AnthonyMouse wrote:
      | > SaaS from established firms seems to be more durable &
      | maintained.
      | 
      | Google is infamous for shutting down services. And the same
      | thing regularly happens even to large companies when they
      | get acquired by even larger companies who then shut down
      | their existing services and try to force migrate everyone
      | to the parent's offering.
      | 
      | Conversely, stalwarts like Oracle and IBM will often
      | continue providing a service indefinitely. For a price.
      | Because once you're locked in they're happy to keep taking
      | your money. All of your money. Forever. This is...
      | differently terrible?
      | 
      | > the old model was - PS pay $600 once, then $200 for
      | updates every 2 years or so.
      | 
      | But many people would just keep using the original version
      | indefinitely. Paying $800 once is a lot less than paying
      | $150/year until you die. It also lets you choose whether
      | you want to pay more for the new features or save money
      | because you don't need them.
      | 
      | And you can't use the Consumer Price Index for software
      | because software inflation is negative. As more people get
      | computers over time the size of the market increases but
      | the fixed cost of developing the software is the same, so
      | the amortized unit cost goes down and in a competitive
      | market that gets passed on to the customer. In the 90s
      | people paid money for Unix and zip utilities and web
      | browsers and now they're all free because they have such a
      | big market that the unit cost is effectively zero.
      | 
      | SaaS things remain not because they don't follow the same
      | cost structure but because lock-in through proprietary
      | formats and training costs and migration costs keep people
      | stuck on the thing they started with, which in turn keeps
      | competitors from achieving the scale needed to get prices
      | down.
 
        | ilyt wrote:
        | > But many people would just keep using the original
        | version indefinitely. Paying $800 once is a lot less than
        | paying $150/year until you die. It also lets you choose
        | whether you want to pay more for the new features or save
        | money because you don't need them.
        | 
        | The way around that was to change file format so if
        | you're in industry using that file format (say .PSD
        | Photoshop files), at some point you won't be able to open
        | files from your clients...
 
        | AnthonyMouse wrote:
        | But that was also a risk, because then companies would
        | standardize on the _old_ version because they didn 't
        | want to send files their business partners couldn't open.
        | It also opened the door to a competitor because if you're
        | going to make a compatibility-breaking change anyway...
 
    | jwells89 wrote:
    | Proprietary file formats are also a problem.
    | 
    | Sure, you can get versions of your data that are technically
    | usable/readable by other software out of Google Docs or
    | Figma, but you'll never have a fully fleshed out original
    | because nothing else can read those formats because they're
    | not documented and can change at the whim of their creators.
 
    | j45 wrote:
    | Part of the issue with SaaS is when they're rushed to build
    | using the "fastest" technologies or platforms. Then, when
    | they get bigger, they end up having a much higher break even
    | burden.
    | 
    | Building with boring technology on the other hand can remain
    | very low in monthly costs and still provide a lot of scale
    | and capacity for users.
 
  | smeyer wrote:
  | Were people actually paying $200 for a piece of productivity
  | software, though? I'm no expert but sort of got the impression
  | that a lot of the consumer-facing software currently charging
  | $10 a month used to retail for 2 figures, not 3.
 
| abmackenzie wrote:
| I'm a bit confused - you subscribe to one developer, and then get
| the benefit of being subscribed to all?
| 
| What's the incentive for a developer to sign up to this then, if
| they don't get a share of your subscription when you use their
| service? Isn't this a bit like asking Disney+ to give all Netflix
| subscribers access with no compensation?
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | The difference this is supposed to make is that currently most
  | people don't pay for free software. I don't for example. That
  | is because I don't need to. This system is supposed to make
  | more people pay, which should mean that all developers get more
  | money. Giving access to someone who subscribes to someone else
  | is part of what makes this work and if the developers can
  | accept that, they should all benefit from it.
 
    | abmackenzie wrote:
    | But I don't get any $ from it unless they sign up on MY site,
    | right? Since there's no sharing mechanism.
    | 
    | So I don't see how joining in would benefit me - if anything
    | I'd lose a bit of revenue from people who would have paid and
    | now find they don't need to because they're signed up for
    | some other product which I have no hand in and no revenue
    | from?
 
      | robalni wrote:
      | > But I don't get any $ from it unless they sign up on MY
      | site, right? Since there's no sharing mechanism.
      | 
      | Exactly.
      | 
      | > So I don't see how joining in would benefit me - if
      | anything I'd lose a bit of revenue from people who would
      | have paid and now find they don't need to because they're
      | signed up for some other product which I have no hand in
      | and no revenue from?
      | 
      | It would not benefit you if the average person paid for
      | multiple free software projects. In that case, they would
      | only have to pay for one instead of multiple.
      | 
      | I don't think that's the case though, so this solution
      | should make more people pay for free software and that
      | should benefit the developers on average.
 
| charlieyu1 wrote:
| Sounds like Patreon with extra steps. May or may not be a good
| idea.
 
| blueyes wrote:
| People pay for scarcity, not utility. In economics, this is
| expressed as the water-diamond paradox. Software makers simply
| need to find ways to make some piece of what they sell scarce
| (managed workloads). Everything else depends on the conspicuous
| consumption of idealists; ie it doesn't scale.
 
| coxley wrote:
| > # Developers
| 
| > Sorry, there are no developers to subscribe to currently.
| 
| If you actually want adoption, more needs done than posting the
| thing you built and suggesting people use it. Building effective,
| self-sufficient marketplaces is tough. Benefit has to be seen on
| both sides from the get-go.
 
  | slim wrote:
  | I'm baffled by the fact the developer did not put himself on
  | that list
 
| ajkjk wrote:
| My question is: why isn't there yet a thing (or is there?) that
| works like AWS, but has the UX experience of a smartphone: you
| can install "apps" on it -- which you pay for hosting / bandwidth
| -- and it handles integration with all your devices, while
| leaving you in charge of how they're configured and what happens
| with the data?
| 
| Sorta like expanding the mobile phone experience to encompass
| your whole internet experience, so you can choose what services
| you use, and where they're hosted, and those two things are
| fundamentally decoupled.
| 
| One such app could be a sort of 'charge card' for websites, which
| would pay them pennies, or larger tips if you like, instead of
| having to see ads.
| 
| Another might be a connection to a search engine which allows you
| to tailor _your_ search experience instead of it being optimized
| in e.g. Google's interests with all the commercial stuff at the
| top.
 
  | blowski wrote:
  | Successful apps have more to lose from being on such an
  | ecosystem than they stand to gain. It's why so much software
  | starts out as wanting to be open, dominates the market, then
  | puts up the garden walls.
  | 
  | The closest we have to this is app stores - and look how
  | everyone moans about them.
 
  | goplayoutside wrote:
  | Do you mean something like Cloudron or PikaPods or SandStorm?
  | "Self-hosting as a Service".
  | 
  | Kagi solves the conflict of interest aspect of search engines
  | like Google. (No affiliation, just a satisfied early adopter.)
 
    | derefr wrote:
    | Kind of, but it should be vertically integrated between
    | "cloud" and "edge" and "home-network" and "mobile." With all
    | of that being either resources you own, or resources you're
    | personally billed for, directly by the providers (though
    | aggregated per app), with no ability for the app to extract
    | rents on the costs of those resources (i.e. you're not paying
    | the app so that the app in turn pays for the resources;
    | you're being billed by the "cloud" and "edge" providers
    | directly.)
    | 
    | If you install e.g. a Photos app, then that'd be a viewer app
    | + cache on your phone; a bounded-size cache on your NAS or
    | ISP gateway-router; a thumbnailing and face-detection
    | background worker started in your ISP's edge DC; and a
    | primary store in some cloud.
    | 
    | If you install e.g. Minecraft, then the server for that game
    | will dynamically reposition itself (and migrate its data)
    | between running embedded on device, vs. on appliance-compute
    | on your home network, vs. on your ISP's edge-compute, vs. on
    | the cloud -- depending on whether you're playing single-
    | player, vs. multiplayer with someone else on the same
    | network, vs. at least one player being elsewhere in your
    | region, vs. people connecting all over the world. (And, of
    | course, when nobody is connected to it, the server should
    | quiesce to just being dead state and then gradually have that
    | state "evict upward" toward the cloud.)
    | 
    | IMHO a major part of this would be getting ISPs to sell
    | commodity edge-compute power to OS vendors, both in-DC _and_
    | in-home-network (presumably by putting addressable
    | application processing capability into ISP gateway routers.)
 
  | arrosenberg wrote:
  | > My question is: why isn't there yet a thing (or is there?)
  | that works like AWS, but has the UX experience of a smartphone:
  | you can install "apps" on it -- which you pay for hosting /
  | bandwidth -- and it handles integration with all your devices,
  | while leaving you in charge of how they're configured and what
  | happens with the data?
  | 
  | Heroku?
 
    | ajkjk wrote:
    | Not at all. I can't "install a cloud storage app on my Heroku
    | and then access it on my phone" without significant technical
    | skills. As an engineer I could figure it out, but I won't,
    | because I don't want to deal with that. Instead I will
    | fantasize about how it ought to work.
 
      | arrosenberg wrote:
      | Maybe https://sandstorm.io/ then?
 
  | ilyt wrote:
  | Coz that's a lot of work to make and someone needs to pay for
  | it.
  | 
  | In world when people would rather throw another $5/mo on
  | another single service doing the thing.
  | 
  | I do think it might've been pretty popular if the experience
  | was truly seamless but _that takes a lot_
 
  | nyanpasu64 wrote:
  | I want a plug-and-play way to install services like (front-
  | ends) BreezeWiki, Rimgo, Nitter, and Invidious, and (self-
  | hosted) Miniflux, Gitea, a centralized Syncthing node, and an
  | image sync tool (possibly Immich), onto an old laptop I own,
  | without messing with users, groups, AUR builds, upgrading
  | between Postgres versions... like a world where sandstorm.io
  | had taken off. Then access them on any of my devices, like
  | Tailscale but without binding arbitration and a class action
  | waiver...
 
    | pzo wrote:
    | Haven't tried this project yet but my plan is to buy cheap hp
    | elitedesk / dell optiplex thin client and just install
    | umbrelOS [0] that has app store with many of those apps such
    | as: homebridge, home assistant, pihole, trailscale, gitea,
    | syncthing, vaultwarden, nextcloud etc.
    | 
    | [0] https://umbrel.com/
 
| kykeonaut wrote:
| I am of the idea that software should be free, but software
| development should be for profit.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | rizky05 wrote:
  | [dead]
 
  | elemos wrote:
  | How does this work?
 
    | playingalong wrote:
    | Not OP, but I think they want the software to be FLOSS, but
    | if you want some feature/change you pay (the maintainers) to
    | have it done.
 
      | kykeonaut wrote:
      | Yep, as well as charging for support and consulting.
      | Anything that has to do with developers'/maintainers' time
      | should not be expected to come for free in FOSS projects.
      | Unless the devs are happy to do such work for free ofc.
 
  | samsquire wrote:
  | If I spend time on work that provides value to others, I would
  | like it to be able to pay my living costs so I can keep doing
  | that work that I enjoy.
 
| a254613e wrote:
| Besides being sick of subscriptions for every small thing, I'm
| not sure I understand the premise here:
| 
| "Pay to download or for other services: Not worth it; users can
| find the software somewhere else and they don't need your other
| services."
| 
| So users won't pay a one-time fee, but instead they will pay a
| subscription to get that one software they need? They won't "find
| the software somewhere else" if it's behind a subscription, but
| will do so if it's behind a single payment?
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | The thing is that this solution scales better. If you had to
  | pay all developers individually, that would not be worth it but
  | with my solution, you have to pay only one.
  | 
  | Also, it doesn't have to be a subscription. The payment is 100%
  | up to the developers that you pay, so they could sell a one
  | time payment and register a lifetime subscription in this
  | system for that.
 
    | [deleted]
 
  | jovial_cavalier wrote:
  | If I understand correctly, you are not getting one piece of
  | software. You get access to everything in their library, like a
  | spotify subscription. You also choose which developer gets your
  | $5 or whatever, so you retain the meritocratic infrastructure
  | that a traditional marketplace provides.
 
    | NickNaraghi wrote:
    | Now that you mention it, the spotify subscription is actually
    | very interesting here. A bundled subscription for all the
    | software you use could make sense (though it would probably
    | by 10-100x the cost of a spotify subscription).
    | 
    | However, OP's resource allocation model (each user determines
    | which developer gets their payment) doesn't make sense to me.
    | I think it would be better to prototype multiple resource
    | allocation models in parallel and see which are most fair and
    | sustainable over time.
 
      | RugnirViking wrote:
      | next to nobody will pay 100x a spotify subscription for
      | anything, no matter how great it is. Despite what buisness
      | owners like to believe, most normal people in the first
      | world have like $100 dollars a month total after food +
      | rent + utilities with which to spend on any and all
      | entertainment and luxuries. at best you could maybe charge
      | like 60 dollars a month, like cable, but that would have to
      | be an unbelievable deal with no alternative (not possible,
      | its incredibly easy to make new software, so you'd
      | constantly be undercut by startups and open source chipping
      | away at your cataloge)
      | 
      | I could maaaaaybe see it working on iphone, a premium apps
      | service, where they have a lot more control
 
      | joshstrange wrote:
      | SetApp is pretty much that (for Mac, I don't know if they
      | also do Windows stuff). I've avoided it and instead bought
      | a lot of software available in the bundle because I prefer
      | to own the software when I can and when it makes sense.
 
| andy99 wrote:
| How do you prevent or discourage the rise of "influencer
| developers"? The problem with subscriptions as a solution is that
| they end up being a popularity contest. That's not necessarily
| bad, if people want to spend their money that way but it doesn't
| solve the global problem of paying for those who write software.
| If it takes off it will just mean more Lex Fridman types get a
| big subscriber base, and a bunch more try and emulate that model.
| If fact I think it could easily distract a lot of people from
| focusing on writing software.
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | I know that is a possible problem. Partially, that problem
  | exists with everything; advertisements make people buy from the
  | most popular brands even if they are not the best. Other than
  | that, the developers in this cooperation have to trust each
  | other so if someone is just popular and doesn't make any good
  | software, they would not be accepted by the other developers to
  | join.
 
    | CBarkleyU wrote:
    | >doesn't make any good software
    | 
    | What if the person does make decent software, but is a huge
    | influencer?
    | 
    | Why not opt for the Spotify model? Usage = money. Why turn
    | this into a popularity contest?
 
      | robalni wrote:
      | > What if the person does make decent software, but is a
      | huge influencer?
      | 
      | Then they would probably be able to make more money selling
      | subscriptions than other developers that are less known. I
      | don't know how different that would be though from if they
      | sold physical products. One important thing here is that
      | there is a limit to how many subscriptions one developer
      | can sell. This is done to emulate physical products as much
      | as possible.
      | 
      | Also, they would probably sell the subscriptions for a
      | higher price than other developers, since they can, which
      | would mean that people who don't know about that person
      | would buy from someone who is cheaper.
      | 
      | > Why not opt for the Spotify model? Usage = money. Why
      | turn this into a popularity contest?
      | 
      | That means there has to be usage statistics collection in
      | all software. Since the software has to be open source,
      | that could be abused a lot, including removed. I also don't
      | like the idea of having any requirement like that on the
      | software. It would for example require that the software
      | has access to the internet which doesn't work well for some
      | software.
 
        | CBarkleyU wrote:
        | > I don't know how different that would be though from if
        | they sold physical products
        | 
        | I mean that's the literal point of this website, no? In
        | the real world, a sale is a sale. Imagine going into
        | BestBuy, leaving $100 at the front, telling the clerk to
        | put it all into Sony (because Sony is 4 cool kidz) and
        | then just grabbing a nVidia graphics card and Apple
        | AirPods.
        | 
        | > One important thing here is that there is a limit to
        | how many subscriptions one developer can sell.
        | 
        | Definitely interested in seeing how this will play out.
        | Sounds like a recipe for either (a) a super cool, tightly
        | nit community with high quality contributers who care
        | about their software or (b) a dump for software which
        | woudlnt cut it in the real world market.
        | 
        | >Also, they would probably sell the subscriptions for a
        | higher price than other developers, since they can, which
        | would mean that people who don't know about that person
        | would buy from someone who is cheaper.
        | 
        | My game theory senses are tingling. Why would I
        | incentivize people into buying other people's
        | subscription while gaining access to my stuff?
        | 
        | >That means there has to be usage statistics collection
        | in all software.
        | 
        | You could always implement it on your end, right? Could
        | be download based, or whatever. A one time thingy.
 
        | robalni wrote:
        | > I mean that's the literal point of this website, no? In
        | the real world, a sale is a sale. Imagine going into
        | BestBuy, leaving $100 at the front, telling the clerk to
        | put it all into Sony (because Sony is 4 cool kidz) and
        | then just grabbing a nVidia graphics card and Apple
        | AirPods.
        | 
        | Ok, I see what you mean now. I think the distribution of
        | who gets the money in 1Sub would be similar to donations,
        | with two remedies:
        | 
        | - The owner of the paywall that made you subscribe gets a
        | 10 credits bonus as described in [0]. This will lead to
        | more money to the people who make the things that you
        | actually try to use.
        | 
        | - If someone is popular, they will either run out of
        | subscriptions to sell, or they will sell them at a higher
        | price. In either case that makes it possible for the less
        | known developers to sell more subscriptions.
        | 
        | [0] https://1sub.dev/about/how-it-works
 
      | cbovis wrote:
      | More usage doesn't necessarily equate to more value when it
      | comes to software, you could easily argue the opposite.
 
  | badtension wrote:
  | I'd encourage a strong "progressive tax" that could for example
  | follow the power law: you get log(x) of what your influence is.
  | Getting to 1x (let's say a median pay in a given country)
  | should be pretty easy but to get something like a $1M you would
  | have to make software used on a massive scale.
  | 
  | Whatever revenue you generated that is above what you got paid
  | would go towards the less "lucrative" projects and maintainers
  | keeping the open source going.
 
| ozim wrote:
| I have a different take on the topic.
| 
| People should not pay for software - average Joe should have all
| kinds of software basically free.
| 
| Now you ask "who should pay for development", corporations,
| companies or foundations where people still could donate but
| would not have to. Where corporations and companies pay salaries
| and provide end users with services.
| 
| Solo devs should not write and maintain anything without getting
| paid.
| 
| Yes it is "corporate dystopia" but on the other hand when I see
| all kinds of rants or horror stories from OSS maintainers and
| companies that don't want to contribute it seems only reasonable
| way. Corporation/Company/Foundation pay salaries for devs and
| provide people with software while charging for services like
| keeping data or any other actual services that can be connected
| to software they provide or in case of foundations by donations.
 
  | ativzzz wrote:
  | This is like the musician problem. There are so many people
  | willing to play for pretty much nothing or for free that it's
  | very hard for the average musician to make money. On the
  | consumer side, why should you always pay for music when so many
  | people are doing it for free? There's an oversupply of eager
  | musicians making music
  | 
  | Same with OSS development. Why should you pay for something if
  | people just do it for free? Doesn't matter who the consumer is.
  | 
  | > Solo devs should not write and maintain anything without
  | getting paid.
  | 
  | But they do, and they will regardless. And until they stop,
  | nothing will change. There's an oversupply of eager coders
  | coding for free
  | 
  | Companies will pay (their own developers) once the OSS solution
  | doesn't work or needs extra extensions that doesn't exist.
 
    | vbezhenar wrote:
    | > But they do, and they will regardless. And until they stop,
    | nothing will change. There's an oversupply of eager coders
    | coding for free
    | 
    | There's no thriving market of OSS apps for iOS.
    | 
    | So the solution is simple. Charge some money from developer
    | to allow distribution of his apps. This seem to kill open
    | source attitude very well.
 
| islammidov wrote:
| I believe software eating the world (and will continue to do so)
| exactly because of how it's paid now. Not sure that much
| innovation needed here
 
| meatjuice wrote:
| Won't this just accelerate the reinventions of wheels that's
| happening everywhere on the Internet?
 
| dboreham wrote:
| In the spirit of throwing random ideas at the wall to see what
| sticks, this is fine. But it's obviously not going to work.
 
| andruby wrote:
| I don't understand the "economic" model.
| 
| If I'm a developer and get to chose what to charge, that means I
| can ask people for $0.01, and they would get access to everything
| from all developers of this "platform"?
| 
| The example on [0] where a developer pays credits when they get a
| subscriber is confusing. Should Devs "top up" somehow?
| 
| [0] https://1sub.dev/about/how-it-works
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | > If I'm a developer and get to chose what to charge, that
  | means I can ask people for $0.01, and they would get access to
  | everything from all developers of this "platform"?
  | 
  | You can do that but you will not make a lot of money that way.
  | The number of subscriptions you can sell is limited so if you
  | sell all of them for $0.01 you will probably wish you had asked
  | for more and when you have sold out, only the more expensive
  | subscriptions sold by other developers remain and they will
  | make more money than you.
  | 
  | > The example on [0] where a developer pays credits when they
  | get a subscriber is confusing. Should Devs "top up" somehow?
  | 
  | I don't know exactly what you mean by "top up" but the credits
  | are turned into subscriptions when sold. This is how we make
  | sure the developers can't sell infinite subscriptions. The plan
  | is then that with time, the developers will get more credits so
  | that they can sell more subscriptions. How fast they will get
  | more could depend on the current value of their account, where
  | the value could be calculated from the credits and the number
  | of subscribers they have.
 
    | AnthonyMouse wrote:
    | > How fast they will get more could depend on the current
    | value of their account, where the value could be calculated
    | from the credits and the number of subscribers they have.
    | 
    | So are you then implicitly setting the price yourself because
    | anyone who doesn't charge enough can't get more credits?
    | 
    | Suppose someone develops an app which takes hardly any effort
    | to make -- it's a hundred lines of code -- but it does
    | something common that everybody needs so if available for
    | $0.01 it would have a hundred million users. Which would
    | gross a million dollars and more than pay for the development
    | of the simple app, so the developer is satisfied with that.
    | But to do that you'd have to let them sell a hundred million
    | subscriptions for $0.01 each.
    | 
    | Now let's go toward the other end of the spectrum. Some app
    | which is specialized and requires a million dollars of
    | developer time but only has a market of 10,000 customers.
    | Those customers would pay $100 each for it, if they had to,
    | but not if they can buy into the system somewhere else for
    | $10 (or $0.01) instead.
    | 
    | In general, who is going to buy a fungible subscription for
    | significantly more than it's available somewhere else? How do
    | you handle the fact that the development cost of a thing
    | isn't proportional to the number of people who use it?
 
      | robalni wrote:
      | > So are you then implicitly setting the price yourself
      | because anyone who doesn't charge enough can't get more
      | credits?
      | 
      | Everyone can get more credits. The idea is that when we
      | think we need more subscriptions to sell, every developer
      | would get a number of additional credits that is
      | proportional to the number of credits they have (with
      | active subscriptions converted to credits for the
      | calculation).
      | 
      | > But to do that you'd have to let them sell a hundred
      | million subscriptions for $0.01 each.
      | 
      | That would be very difficult for them to do since the
      | number of subscirptions they can sell is limited by how
      | many credits they have.
      | 
      | > Some app which is specialized and requires a million
      | dollars of developer time but only has a market of 10,000
      | customers.
      | 
      | If you make software for only a few people and you need a
      | lot of money then I don't think this system is for you. It
      | is mostly for developers who make software for everybody.
 
        | AnthonyMouse wrote:
        | > Everyone can get more credits. The idea is that when we
        | think we need more subscriptions to sell, every developer
        | would get a number of additional credits that is
        | proportional to the number of credits they have (with
        | active subscriptions converted to credits for the
        | calculation).
        | 
        | This is what I mean by implicitly setting the price. You
        | set it indirectly by rate limiting the number of
        | subscriptions.
        | 
        | A service with high cost and low volume gets priced out,
        | even if it's only somewhat above average, because people
        | can buy a subscription from someone else for less.
        | 
        | Conversely, if subscriptions are rate limited then no one
        | has any incentive to sell them for less than the market
        | rate, which is in turn set by supply and demand (and you
        | having your hand on the supply knob). Why would anyone
        | charge less, or pay more, than the median price?
        | 
        | Then anyone who needs more than that is priced out, and
        | if you allocate credits based on how many people sign up
        | or use a service, the service that provides only trivial
        | value but to a large number of people gets a ton of
        | credits disproportional to the value of their service.
 
| picadores wrote:
| I wonder, if the "tax-funded" model could work for software. The
| state raises money from the public, but the public determinates
| directly via usage (minutes spend with), usefullness (money
| gained) how much of that tax goes to what developer. Cut out the
| monopoly buisness middle man, but also remove any political moral
| meddlers in various "round tables" as they are omni present in
| public media systems.
| 
| The idea has problems though. How to pay for background
| ("invisble" layers). How to prevetn "hyper transparent citizens".
| Etc.
 
  | xtreme wrote:
  | Minutes spent is a horrible metric. It creates a perverse
  | incentive to intentionally slow down the software.
 
| dbrueck wrote:
| A root of the problem is using economic models for physical items
| with digital goods and services.
| 
| IMO the most sensical low level* economic model for digital
| things would be one where you pay a really tiny amount every time
| you _derive value_ from something. A fraction of a penny each
| time you play a song, each time you edit an image in some
| software, each time you visit a website.
| 
| There are a boatload of obstacles to getting to a model like
| this, but as a thought exercise it's really interesting to
| consider an alternate universe where this model got established
| instead of, say, everything being ad-based. Not only would it
| provide a model for monetizing software, it would also for
| example completely reframe DRM (making it both far more
| ubiquitous but also far less antagonizing to the user, since it
| would be aligned with what the user is trying to do instead of
| being at odds with it).
| 
| * The idea being that this low level economic would exist but for
| practical reasons (like overcoming human psychology) you might
| need to overlay a higher level model like a monthly "unlimited
| consumption" subscription or tax.
 
  | myk9001 wrote:
  | This is basically the idea that motivated "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-
  | Peer Electronic Cash System"[^1]
  | 
  | "The cost of mediation increases transaction costs, limiting
  | the minimum practical transaction size and cutting off the
  | possibility for small casual transactions [...]"
  | 
  | And more recently Brave, the browser tried to implement it.
  | 
  | "Crypto and DeFi are hard to use and the $330 billion digital
  | advertising industry is failing users, publishers and
  | advertisers. With Basic Attention Token and Brave we want to
  | take Crypto to the next 1B users and solve the endemic
  | inefficiencies and privacy violations hobbling the digital ad
  | industry."[^2]
  | 
  | I personally think this is a beautiful idea, had it worked out
  | as envisioned, the Internet could've been a very different and
  | likely better place now. Pity cryptocurrencies came to be what
  | they're in their present condition.
  | 
  | ---
  | 
  | [^1]: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
  | 
  | [^2]: https://basicattentiontoken.org/
 
  | mixmastamyk wrote:
  | Interesting to think about. However, for that to be feasible I
  | believe the draconian "copyright forever" laws would have to
  | have never happened. I'm against paying rent to corporations to
  | access the work of dead people on principle. Or past say, fifty
  | years even if they lived.
 
    | dbrueck wrote:
    | I think I'm in the same boat as you, but can you articulate
    | the 'why' behind that sentiment? (saying it's "on principle"
    | could also be a way to not have to address that question,
    | haha)
    | 
    | As in, if someone created something and you derive value
    | (utility, enjoyment, etc.) from it, what is the basis for at
    | some point no longer providing compensation for that utility?
    | 
    | FWIW, I haven't come up with a completely convincing answer,
    | and yet I still feel like you do! Maybe there is no firm
    | justification for terminating compensation, but instead it's
    | more of an idea instilled by the culture, that after X years,
    | the thing you created becomes owned by society at large just
    | for the greater good, or maybe in recognition that your work
    | came about because of prior accomplishments from others, or
    | that as a society we want ongoing creativity and not
    | stagnation.
 
    | aleph_minus_one wrote:
    | > However, for that to be feasible I believe the draconian
    | "copyright forever" laws would have to have never happened.
    | 
    | This argument assumes that you are lawful, in opposite to
    | chaotic, on the ethical axis (see https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki
    | /pmwiki.php/Main/CharacterAlignme...).
 
| frithsun wrote:
| > imagines a sally struthers charity commercial, but with random
| hipsters and nerds staring sadly at the camera, hoping that
| somebody, somewhere, will pay them as much money as they think
| they deserve
 
| [deleted]
 
| grodes wrote:
| Pay to download or for other services: Not worth it; users can
| find the software somewhere else and they don't need your other
| services. ... The user subscribes to a developer of their choice
| and in return, all developers (and everyone else who wants to)
| can give that user some kind of benefit, like giving them access
| to downloads
 
  | Knee_Pain wrote:
  | >users can find the software somewhere else
  | 
  | and what happens when you release a new version? someone will
  | have to be the first to pay, and most people who want to
  | immediately upgrade will also pay the day it's released instead
  | of waiting for some sketchy dude to upload the executable
  | somewhere else
 
| haunter wrote:
| So video games right now in 2023?
 
| intrasight wrote:
| I like Yale University and Oracle Corporation's model: "How much
| do you make? Give us 10%"
 
| TheMode wrote:
| Why do we insist on making software paid? Wouldn't it make more
| sense to work toward making software more stable so I could
| decide to make a calculator app during my free time, and have it
| somehow still used 200y later?
| 
| Software is stupidly simple to distribute, but for some reason
| one of the hardest to keep. Obviously if we cannot use any
| software of the past, we are stuck with developers having to
| maintain old or new solutions.
 
  | charcircuit wrote:
  | >Software is stupidly simple to distribute
  | 
  | Society is spending billions of dollars each year for working
  | on complex hardware and software to make that distribution
  | possible. Physical goods are the stupidly simply thing to
  | distribute.
 
    | TheMode wrote:
    | There is intrinsic complexity involved in distributing
    | physical goods. Software complexity is mostly made up.
    | 
    | Would billions solve software distribution & longevity? How?
 
| neerajdotname2 wrote:
| Inspite of all the competition the SAAS pricing is not coming
| down. There are around 30 calendly alterntatives. However if you
| check the price of these alternatives they are not too far from
| what the market leader is charging. More on this at
| https://blog.neeto.com/p/neetocal-a-calendly-alternative-is.
 
| samsquire wrote:
| This is timely, I recently commented about paying for software
| [0], professional software is very expensive, but it's very
| expensive to create.
| 
| There's thankless work such as programming language development,
| operating systems (Linux), databases and Linux distributions that
| are profoundly valuable. Even just wrangling them from a devops
| perspective is painful though.
| 
| I've never paid for any of the work that went into Ubuntu, Python
| or Java (I use Corretto) or MySQL or C.
| 
| I kind of want a community of people that help run a sideproject
| PaaS and solve the things I would prefer not to work on. Servers
| that are up-to-date and patched and scalable and robust.
| 
| I use OmniNotes on my Android phone, I use FreeFileSync, Typora
| (paid software), IntelliJ Community.
| 
| What's a price that you would pay pay for your open source
| software?
| 
| If it was like Spotify, spotify is like $9.99 a month and
| apparently 210 million susbcribers according to Bing search
| "spotify number of subscribers". That's a fair amount of people's
| living costs to pay for.
| 
| [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36827698
 
  | ochoseis wrote:
  | > I've never paid for any of the work that went into Ubuntu,
  | Python or Java (I use Corretto) or MySQL or C.
  | 
  | You've almost certainly paid for them, just not directly. Some
  | share of the cost in the supply chain that delivers you goods
  | and services will inevitably end up with the large enterprises
  | who sponsor or develop those projects.
 
    | mistrial9 wrote:
    | by eliminating all actors on the stage and referring solely
    | to "large enterprises", welded unequivocally to ".. who pay
    | for this" the entire ecosystem is reduced to absurd
    | oversimplification. It is both insulting to the others who
    | participate, and bone-headed wrong about where "resources"
    | come from in this unusual, modern ecosystem.
 
      | ochoseis wrote:
      | The assertion was that even if it doesn't feel like it, you
      | support open source indirectly.
      | 
      | It was not that all funding or contributions are made by
      | large enterprises.
      | 
      | I applaud efforts to more directly support projects that
      | give you utility. It's becoming easier for individuals to
      | do that (as evidenced by the article).
 
| leetrout wrote:
| Sounds similar to Setapp but with a broader audience / goal
| 
| https://setapp.com/
 
  | chime wrote:
  | Absolutely love Setapp and it was the first thing I thought of
  | when I saw this. The video streaming equivalent of this is
  | Nebula.
 
  | leo150 wrote:
  | SetApp is amazing, I'm using it on all my devices. It macOS,
  | some apps are also available on iOS.
 
| TaylorAlexander wrote:
| Computers have an unprecedented ability to reproduce value for
| free. Programmers need a relatively fixed amount of resources to
| thrive. (The value of resources varies by location but we all
| need things like food, shelter, transportation, clothing, tools,
| etc etc)
| 
| If we can find a way to make sure every person has what they need
| to thrive regardless of their income, programmers can open source
| all of their software and we can enable the maximum value
| creation possible. Other engineers like those that design
| commodities like dishwashers and cars or important manufacturing
| or medical equipment can also open source their designs so that
| repair costs are low and innovative improvements are easy to
| apply. I genuinely believe this would result in a steeper and
| more rapid innovation curve as well as a better world for all,
| than a world where we try to monetize things which have zero
| marginal cost to reproduce.
 
  | valval wrote:
  | I mean, I've seen worse arguments for socialism, but you seem
  | to be painting an overly rosy picture. Yes, computers can
  | reproduce software at zero marginal cost, but there's still a
  | considerable investment in the initial creation and ongoing
  | maintenance. While I'm all for a world where programmers and
  | engineers are able to fully devote themselves to open source
  | projects, it's not as simple as just making sure everyone has
  | their basic needs met.
  | 
  | The incentive structures are complex, and money still serves as
  | a potent motivator for many to push boundaries and innovate.
  | Remember, open-source doesn't always equate to high-quality or
  | innovative, and proprietary doesn't always mean restrictive or
  | uncreative. A balanced ecosystem where both proprietary and
  | open-source software can coexist might be a more realistic and
  | productive approach. I'm afraid that balance isn't too
  | dissimilar from the one we have now, so I'm sort of forced to
  | go with Occam's razor here.
 
    | TaylorAlexander wrote:
    | I certainly think open source under capitalism (work at the
    | margins, engineers spread thin) will always be worse than
    | open source under socialism (abundant workforce, lower
    | stress, more time available).
    | 
    | As far as initial investment in the creation of the software
    | - yeah, that's programmer time. The point of my scheme is to
    | lower the cost of programmer time because their needs are
    | already met, thus lowering the cost of initial investment.
    | 
    | Hardware is a separate concern but I have a whole thing about
    | how open source hardware tends to bring the hardware costs
    | down to the lowest physically possible cost. Just look at 3D
    | printers under patent ($25k) versus ten years after the
    | patents expired and open source took over the low end ($250).
    | 
    | I'm not sure how Occam's razor would suggest that the status
    | quo is close to the ideal situation here. Those seem
    | unrelated.
 
  | patrec wrote:
  | Sounds like an excellent idea that will work really well
  | because it's incredibly well aligned with how humans actually
  | function. I really wonder why no one else has thought of
  | communism before.
 
    | loup-vaillant wrote:
    | , obviously. A couple remarks:
    | 
    | Just because someone is proposing something for a small slice
    | of society, doesn't mean they intend to propose something
    | similar for _all_ of society. For instance, insisting on free
    | schools, free (rail) roads, free health care, free water, and
    | nationalised energy plants doesn't mean they want to make
    | everything free, or that they want to nationalise everything,
    | or that they are nostalgic for communist Russia or whatever.
    | That's just the Red Scare talking. The fact is, different
    | systems for different slices of society can and _do_ coexist.
    | 
    | Human nature is not limited to the environment we're
    | currently living in. Genetically we're barely different from
    | the people of a couple hundred years ago. And yet our
    | ancestors lived under many kinds of societies. It would be a
    | little presumptuous to assume the one we're currently living
    | in is the best. Especially considering how it came to be:
    | remember that as Thatcher was saying capitalism/neoliberalism
    | was natural, she did "nudge" things along by having the army
    | pay a visit to workers on strike.
    | 
    | Even communism isn't a monolith. It took various forms, which
    | failed for various reasons. Sometimes it was direct outside
    | interference, like how the Paris Commune was basically
    | crushed by the national army.
 
  | smolder wrote:
  | These are the sorts of efficiency improvements that would go a
  | long way towards tackling global warming and environmental
  | destruction, particularly the open design to reduce waste. The
  | question is, how can we get from where we are in terms of an
  | economic and political system to one that supports a healthy
  | commons and maximizes value, like you describe?
 
  | pfannkuchen wrote:
  | One problem is that most necessary projects aren't fun, and
  | most fun projects aren't necessary. Does anyone design
  | dishwashers as a hobby, as an easy example? How do you propose
  | we motivate people to do work that isn't fun? Currently the
  | carrot of higher pay or ownership in a more valuable thing is
  | doing that, so we would need something to replace it if that
  | goes away.
 
    | smolder wrote:
    | There are potentially other carrots aside from material
    | wealth that can motivate people to do unpleasant work.
    | Currently it takes significant pay to get people to do
    | certain important but thankless jobs. We could thank them. A
    | legacy is important to many people. They may enjoy an
    | immutable commemoration of their work, if they're secure in a
    | material sense.
 
      | thorncorona wrote:
      | This is the exact same answer every leftist I've talked to
      | says when I ask them who will run the garbage system, and
      | who will clean the sewers.
 
        | Niksko wrote:
        | Running the garbage system is a desk job largely I would
        | expect. It might not be the most stimulating subject
        | matter to you, but I think it's within the realm of
        | possibility that you'd find people who found it an
        | interesting system to manage.
        | 
        | Cleaning the sewers sounds objectionable. I think you
        | shouldn't discount the idea that in a societal structure
        | that's different from ours you'd remove some of the
        | social stigma that comes from such a job. But at the same
        | time, if you observed that very very few people wanted to
        | clean sewers for whatever reason, and there wasn't enough
        | supply to meet demand, then you invest more in technology
        | that reduces the shortfall. As others suggested,
        | automation.
 
        | hutzlibu wrote:
        | "But at the same time, if you observed that very very few
        | people wanted to clean sewers for whatever reason"
        | 
        | The reason might be, most people do not like to be in the
        | literal shit of others? It comes with actual health
        | hazards btw.
        | 
        | "and there wasn't enough supply to meet demand, then you
        | invest more in technology that reduces the shortfall. As
        | others suggested, automation"
        | 
        | But we ain't there yet at all. What do we do, till then?
        | 
        | The sewage needs to run 24 h and not only if someone
        | feels like taking a look eventually.
        | 
        | And as for ordinary garbage: mostly it is not a desk job,
        | but physical labour to touch and move hundreds of
        | different dirty garbage bins every day.
        | 
        | Dealing with that shit, should always come with good
        | compensation. (whether money or social credits or
        | whatever currency is in use)
 
        | Niksko wrote:
        | > What do you do until then?
        | 
        | Sure, but you iterate. We decided as a society that Polio
        | was awful enough that we wanted to eradicate it. If we
        | freed up enough effort that is currently wasted on
        | chasing profits, we could eventually get to solving
        | problems like "shit stinks and it sucks having to clean
        | it".
 
        | ilyt wrote:
        | > I think you shouldn't discount the idea that in a
        | societal structure that's different from ours you'd
        | remove some of the social stigma that comes from such a
        | job.
        | 
        | I can see you haven't done any of jobs like that ever in
        | your life. "Social stigma", lmao, that shit smells
        | 
        | > But at the same time, if you observed that very very
        | few people wanted to clean sewers for whatever reason,
        | and there wasn't enough supply to meet demand, then you
        | invest more in technology that reduces the shortfall.
        | 
        | It's delusional to think every job that's undesirable but
        | necessary could be automated and that it would be cheaper
        | than ye olde good material compensation for doing
        | something hard/unpleasant.
        | 
        | I mean, I'm all for it, but that won't happen to the
        | level that would eliminate unpleasant jobs
 
        | Niksko wrote:
        | > I can see you haven't done any of jobs like that ever
        | in your life. "Social stigma", lmao, that shit smells
        | 
        | I haven't, but I didn't say that shit didn't smell. My
        | point was that one component of why some jobs are worse
        | than others is social stigma. Working at a fish monger or
        | in a butchers shop stinks, and you probably get way less
        | PPE than a sewer cleaner would. But butchers and
        | fishmongers have less social stigma.
        | 
        | > It's delusional to think every job that's undesirable
        | but necessary could be automated and that it would be
        | cheaper than ye olde good material compensation for doing
        | something hard/unpleasant.
        | 
        | The fallacy here is that it _needs_ to be cheaper. Sewer
        | cleaning is valuable. If it requires more investment to
        | automate so that we have enough supply to meet the
        | demand, so be it. The only reason we haven't already
        | automated this smelly job is because it's easier to turn
        | a profit if you just pay people peanuts. If profit is no
        | longer motivating, you can make vastly different
        | decisions.
 
        | geocar wrote:
        | Why would you be so bothered to just let them? Would you
        | feel embarrassed that "leftists" are nicer? That can be a
        | motivation too! I know some people just show up so they
        | can have someone to talk to for a few hours on a
        | Saturday.
        | 
        | I think if you can't find volunteers, you can have a
        | lottery.
 
        | ForHackernews wrote:
        | C'mon, robots obviously! Cleaning sewers doesn't sound
        | like any fun, but designing or remotely piloting a
        | fatberg-blasting sewer shark bot? That sounds kickass!
 
        | martinsnow wrote:
        | But it the meantime while there exists no such robots, or
        | while the prototypes get stuck downthere. Someone has to
        | manually fetch them, and do the job. It's not very
        | enticing and I don't think there will be many software
        | engineers ready to suit up, to dig one out.
 
        | Niksko wrote:
        | Don't let perfect be the enemy of good. You iterate, as
        | with everything.
 
        | smolder wrote:
        | I know it seems crazy on its face. And I'm sure those
        | leftists you refer to didn't have a coherent concept of
        | how such a system would _actually work_. There 's no way
        | we could just replace paychecks today with rations and
        | social credits and have a functioning system. It'd be an
        | extreme destabilizing change to a system we built
        | incrementally over a long time to be self reinforcing.
        | But I also have the view that people are very malleable
        | and can conform to all sorts of social structures and
        | belief systems.
 
        | dingnuts wrote:
        | In practice, once in power those leftists will just
        | imprison or kill the people assigned to do the jobs if
        | they refuse.
 
        | nickff wrote:
        | > _" But I also have the view that people are very
        | malleable and can conform to all sorts of social
        | structures and belief systems."_
        | 
        | This is another view common to most (Marxist) communists,
        | the belief in society's ability to cultivate the
        | 'socialist man'.
 
        | smolder wrote:
        | Okay, so are you disputing what I said? Various disparate
        | religions and ideologies _have_ cultivated adherents with
        | notable success across history -- not least among them is
        | free-market capitalism.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | guidoism wrote:
        | I like to think about how this works at smaller scales.
        | When there is an office full of people all being paid
        | about the same and (critically) where they all want and
        | care about the same outcome, the shit jobs will get done.
        | I have often called myself a "code janitor" since I clean
        | up shit that was left behind. It's not because I didn't
        | want to be working on fun greenfield projects but because
        | it was shit that just needed to get done. So I did it.
        | And so did others.
        | 
        | Another example to play around with is when you go
        | camping with friends. There's some shit work that just
        | needs to be done. People pitch in. The same with staying
        | at a friends house or a vacation rental with friends. Or
        | cleaning leaves off of the storm drains. We all do this
        | sort of work because it makes our lives better. If
        | literal shit was piling up in front of my house I would
        | probably shovel it even if it took 8 hours.
        | 
        | Natural disasters are also examples where people do work
        | for free without expectation of compensation. I think
        | people are more like that than what happens in
        | apocalyptic novels (even though I love reading them).
 
        | rootusrootus wrote:
        | How often do you talk to people this far to the left? I
        | live in a family full of liberals and none of them even
        | remotely think the world should operate this way. I think
        | you could take every person in the US with ideology this
        | far out to the left and put them in a single medium size
        | stadium.
 
        | ilyt wrote:
        | [flagged]
 
        | travisgriggs wrote:
        | Let me analyze your sewage and garbage and sell your
        | consumption habits to the highest bidder, and I might
        | bite. Think of it as a "sump scription" :D
 
        | matkoniecz wrote:
        | Possible difference is that we may need far smaller
        | number of programmers interested in dishwashers than we
        | need for this jobs.
 
        | JoshTriplett wrote:
        | The obvious answer is "pay people more".
        | 
        | If we had UBI, for instance, and people did not _have_ to
        | work in order to have basic needs (food and shelter) met,
        | then the willingness to do unpleasant jobs like sewer
        | cleaning will go down, and it 'll be necessary to pay
        | people _more_ to do that work.
        | 
        | And the need to pay people more will then drive
        | technological innovation that may today not be worthwhile
        | because "just hire someone" is less expensive. And in a
        | world with UBI, automating away unpleasant jobs becomes
        | more of an unmitigated win.
        | 
        | (In case it isn't clear: I think "UBI plus a free market"
        | is a much better system than "don't pay people but
        | magically hope all the work gets done anyway".)
 
      | carlosjobim wrote:
      | The USSR honored their hardest and most productive workers
      | with huge billboards and monuments to their eternal glory
      | and legacy. Could you name one?
 
      | ilyt wrote:
      | Sure, ask someone to shovel shit for 8h/day 5 days a week
      | and see where your thanks will get you.
      | 
      | You might find one sucker, but not nearly enough
 
        | guidoism wrote:
        | Clearly this isn't going to work in a world where people
        | use the word "sucker" to refer to people who do work to
        | help others. Honestly, do we call volunteers at soup
        | kitchens suckers?
        | 
        | The problem clearly involves an unequal distribution of
        | work.
        | 
        | If everyone is else being paid and you are trying to
        | convince a single person to literally shovel shit for 8
        | hours then yes, that won't work. They will feel like they
        | are being taken advantage of. I think this is a common
        | feeling amongst all workers. If your boss asks you to
        | work late you are much less likely to be pissed off if
        | the boss stays late and helps out too.
 
    | ilyt wrote:
    | I get the point that some jobs are boring and need actual
    | materialistic motivation to be done but...
    | 
    | I'm absolutely sure someone would design one out of sheer
    | annoyance with existing solution (if existing solution would
    | be bad).
    | 
    | It would be interesting if system with very short copyright
    | (say 3-5 years) would work. You'd still have leader's
    | advantage for investing in development, but overall winner
    | would be companies that can both innovate and fill the market
    | and not just throw some ideas, patent them and live off
    | people actually trying to implement them...
 
      | scottyah wrote:
      | There would be a perfect design for that one person, and
      | everyone else would either do it themselves (not many
      | could) or suffer
 
    | bee_rider wrote:
    | I don't think this is an argument to remove markets.
    | 
    | It looks to me more like a suggestion to give people a some
    | kind of guaranteed minimum income, and abolish all IP laws.
 
    | ben0x539 wrote:
    | I'm 200% convinced there are plenty of people out there who
    | could easily be nerdsniped into building an open source
    | dishwasher! Hackers get up to all kinds of stuff that doesn't
    | seem traditionally fun!
 
      | 999900000999 wrote:
      | Does QAing Dishwasher firmware sound fun to you ?
      | 
      | Even if you imagine software development to be generally
      | fun, even the mundane, the rest of the workflow can be God
      | awful boring. While Communism is a cool idea , it never
      | works since you need incentives to motivate people.
 
  | derefr wrote:
  | Do you think there would be very many programmers in such a
  | world?
  | 
  | Personally, I think that a lot of people who right now go into
  | programming "because it's a good career", would instead do
  | things that are equally creative but also capture other things
  | high on the Maslow hierarchy -- e.g. fame.
  | 
  | Personally, despite enthusiastically enjoying my programming
  | career and puzzle-oriented problem-solving more generally, I'm
  | still intending to retire early and become a novelist. If I
  | could "thrive regardless of income", I'd do that right now.
 
    | guidoism wrote:
    | My (honestly non-snarky) answer is: who cares?
    | 
    | Do we really _need_ all of the programmers that are currently
    | being employed? Will society collapse if there aren 't
    | 100,000 working on the next photo sharing app?
    | 
    | The important stuff will get done. Anything that is a luxury
    | will get done only if someone wants to do it for themselves
    | or if someone can convince another person to do it. Money
    | doesn't need to disappear under a world of UBI, it's just not
    | something that every single person on earth needs to
    | participate in under thread of starvation and death.
 
    | bee_rider wrote:
    | It is hard to guess what people would work on without needing
    | to worry about money.
    | 
    | You might try your novel, and one of two things could happen:
    | 
    | You find out you love it, you write a really good novel, and
    | society wins.
    | 
    | You try it, find out that the actual experience of writing a
    | novel is a drag. No harm no foul, you move on and keep trying
    | things until you find something you are really passionate
    | about and good at, and society wins.
    | 
    | Maybe it is programming but you just need a more interesting
    | program.
 
      | PeterisP wrote:
      | You can also find out that you love it despite the novels
      | (or software or paintings or poems or whatever) not being
      | interesting for almost anyone else or even being available
      | to anyone, but as you don't need the money you can keep
      | doing that (and only that) and society simply loses out on
      | whatever you're doing currently.
      | 
      | The key part of what people would work on without needing
      | to worry about money is that there is literally zero reason
      | to assume that the thing worked on would be useful to
      | society in any way whatsoever, it can be useless or even
      | detrimental to it - the current mechanism of monetary
      | compensation is the thing aligning the work to interests of
      | others, remove it and you can't expect that alignment to
      | persist.
      | 
      | Unconditional income is a solution to the problem when we
      | don't need people's labor anymore - it makes all sense when
      | people can just go off and do whatever without worrying if
      | it benefits others enough to justify the basic goods and
      | services they need, _and the society is okay with that_.
      | But while we still do need the labor of most people, there
      | needs to be motivation to guide that labor to the specific
      | things society needs.
 
        | guidoism wrote:
        | I think there's a huge difference between everyone having
        | unlimited material goods Star Trek style and UBI being a
        | floor for everyone. I think of UBI as a floor that I can
        | go below no matter how bad I screw up. If I start a
        | company and max out my credit cards to fund it and it
        | goes belly up then no matter how much I still owe to
        | Chase I will still get my $1000/month to pay the rent and
        | put food in my belly.
        | 
        | But I will still want luxury goods and I'm willing to
        | work for them most of the time. I want a phone upgrade
        | every few years which might be a luxury I couldn't afford
        | under UBI. I like flying airplanes and certainly would
        | need to work to pay for that hobby. But if I get burnt
        | out and want to read books for a year then I could do
        | that too!
 
        | TaylorAlexander wrote:
        | > there is literally zero reason to assume that the thing
        | worked on would be useful to society in any way
        | whatsoever, it can be useless or even detrimental to it -
        | the current mechanism of monetary compensation is the
        | thing aligning the work to interests of others, remove it
        | and you can't expect that alignment to persist.
        | 
        | I think a strong argument can be made that the current
        | system does not necessarily align the work being done
        | with the interests of others in a broad or universal
        | sense. Think about a corporation with a very useful drug
        | whose patent is about to expire. Allowing the drug to go
        | generic would be in the best interests of many poor sick
        | people all over the world (patent harmonization means
        | even poor countries must follow US patent law or get
        | locked out of global systems). However companies often
        | find legal tricks they can use to effectively renew the
        | patents for their drugs. This aligns with the interests
        | of some people - the shareholders for example, but is
        | detrimental to the interests of sick poor people all over
        | the world.
        | 
        | And this isn't a hypothetical, this just happened again
        | two weeks ago with Johnson and Johnson and only a
        | coordinated pressure campaign from some high profile
        | YouTubers was able to get the company to relax their
        | plans: https://youtu.be/tMhgw5SW0h4
        | 
        | However when there is no profit motive, people often work
        | on problems that they personally need to solve, and there
        | is often good alignment with the work they are doing and
        | the needs of others.
        | 
        | More broadly, we can say that the current system does not
        | necessarily align the work being done with the needs of
        | most people, and that alternative ways of aligning that
        | work must be possible.
 
    | theragra wrote:
    | Same amount as novelists ;) I enjoy both, in moderation
 
  | rootusrootus wrote:
  | From each according to his ability. So far we haven't worked
  | out how to square that with human nature, and it keeps failing
  | utterly.
 
  | jarjoura wrote:
  | Humans have tried all kinds of value transfer systems for
  | thousands of years. Giving someone "tokens" (ie. currency) to
  | convert that into whatever they want, or need has been the most
  | flexible version of whatever has come before it. What one
  | person needs to thrive is not the same another person needs to
  | thrive, so who gets to set what that level is?
  | 
  | I'd be skeptical of any system where there's no opportunity to
  | get ahead as people will either find ways to take advantage of
  | the system and screw others over, or the system becomes
  | unsustainable as populations shift in size.
 
    | TaylorAlexander wrote:
    | Generally the broad concept I work with is "community
    | ownership of the means of production". What this means is
    | that you are part owner in a cooperative of cooperatives that
    | owns the machinery you depend upon for your well being. Of
    | course your community trades with others and you and everyone
    | have free choice to vote how you please and contribute as you
    | desire. There is no "enforcement" that prevents you from
    | accumulating more wealth but most of what you rely on is
    | borrowed from a "things library" where you are permitted to
    | use it indefinitely but not sell or destroy it, and in times
    | of need the community may request that you return some items
    | you are not using.
    | 
    | More broadly I would say that many people believe the current
    | system actually does not serve people well. We have a very
    | small portion of the society that owns the means of
    | production and 99 percent of the population have to deal with
    | the dictums of those owners with very little say in how
    | production is allocated. This leads to a world where the
    | output is heavily slanted towards the ownership class while
    | everyone else is fighting for scraps. A world with community
    | ownership of the means of production would mean MUCH more
    | wealth for the average person, so concerns over resource
    | allocation would be less of a concern.
    | 
    | The point anyway is that in the current system I certainly
    | don't get to decide what my "level" is beyond trying to work
    | hard, but in a community ownership model I would have much
    | more say.
    | 
    | As you have said we have been trying different value systems
    | for thousands of years. No reason to believe attempts to
    | improve the system should not continue.
 
  | bee_rider wrote:
  | We should guarantee minimum income, and abolish intellectual
  | property. Build an economy around actually doing things rather
  | than calling dibs on solutions. Let the market sort out the
  | doing of things, just make sure everyone can participate.
 
| faangiq wrote:
| The problem with code monkeys is they have low social IQs. So
| business guys will just keep exploiting them.
 
| michaelmrose wrote:
| How does one divide up the money and how much is overhead this
| seems like the central question.
 
| kapitanjakc wrote:
| There's tons of free software out and there's tons of paid
| software too.
| 
| Problem is with quality and adaptation.
 
| Joel_Mckay wrote:
| People often no longer own commercial licenses, but rather rent
| their assets until the updated terms of their agreements become a
| liability.
| 
| Android -> Sales funnel for app store/services, and consumer
| profiling
| 
| MacOS -> Sales funnel for app store/services, and consumer
| profiling
| 
| Windows 11 -> Sales funnel for app store/services, and consumer
| profiling
| 
| Ubuntu -> Sales funnel for app store/services, and consumer
| profiling
| 
| Most people conflate information appliances with general purpose
| computing.
| 
| It is a shame 98% of the market went this route... You still pay,
| but are just unaware how you are being monetized. =)
 
| transformi wrote:
| Sounds like onlyfans/ gumroad business model for developers... No
| doubts some developers will benefits from (like 10%), but it will
| leave the world less open in my opinion.
 
| rzwitserloot wrote:
| This product names crucial issues with how software development
| is currently monetized, and then offers an alternative that...
| solves absolutely none of these problems.
| 
| Optional extras like 'downloads or other resources' are
| presumably digital and therefore do not solve the problem - folks
| can still pirate it. If that's not the point, then it is a
| donation, in the simplified parlance of the first paragraph of
| 1sub.dev.
| 
| And this all from a company/effort that has such lofty goals that
| the html title of the page is 'a world where people pay for
| software'.
| 
| This (how do you monetize software development / how do we e.g.
| let FOSS developers capture more than the current 0.0000000001%
| of the value they create) is an incredibly difficult problem and
| this effort sounds like some naive newbie took 5 seconds to think
| about it and thought: Yeah let's fix things!
| 
| At the risk of sounding like a crotchety old fart: Hoo boy if it
| was that simple, it'd have been solved already.
| 
| Alternative plans that work a lot better:
| 
| * The NPM ecosystem has a ton of software-as-a-service offerings,
| e.g. where you can use their site to serve as online tool to e.g.
| make documentation, to have their site host that documentation,
| etc. I hate this model (you get nickel-and-dimed and both
| companies and open source developers alike don't usually like
| having 50 downstream service providers who, if they go down or
| have issues, require you having to explain to _your_ customers
| what's going wrong), but it solves the problems this site names
| (you can't pirate this, and you get something of value for your
| money in return).
| 
| * Tidelift tries to provide security assurances and support: The
| payers don't just 'donate', they pay to just be done with the
| security issues with FOSS dependencies: Tidelift gives you
| software that scans all your dev work for all your deps and which
| versions you are on, and tidelift ensures not just that there are
| no major security holes in those deps, but also that the authors
| of those deps have made some basic promises about maintaining it
| in trade for real consideration (namely: money). Github sponsors
| and the like are more or less barking up the same tree. These
| setups also solve an unstated problem 1sub.dev tries to solve,
| which is: You tend to use _a lot_ of software; if you have, say,
| 600 dependencies (not crazy in this modern age of software dev),
| and you want to individually set up a 'deal' with all of em, one
| person has a full time job as they will have to renew over 2
| contracts __every working day__ assuming all your subscriptions
| are yearly.
| 
| * Microsoft and co do it as a package deal: You pay one fee for
| everything they offer and aggressively legally chase down anybody
| that pirates.
| 
| * patreon and co grease the wheels of the donation flow by making
| it simpler and allowing developers to give something that's hard
| to pirate: T-shirts and stickers, mentions in the 'about...' page
| and so on.
| 
| * Some developers of FOSS, as well as _many_ commercial outfits,
| will accept money in trade for priority support.
| 
| All of these models have issues. But at least they actually aim
| to solve the problems. This attempt doesn't even begin to tackle
| the actual issues, unless I'm missing something.
| 
| As a 1million+ user FOSS developer who maintains the library
| primarily based on privilege (I have enough income to work for
| the roughly minimum wage I currently get for it, though I could
| have earned vastly more if I worked for a commercial entity for
| those hours) - I'm aware that this is not a good situation, that
| you need to sort out your finances separately just to be a good
| FOSS author. But, I don't see how 1sub.dev is going to add much
| compared to what's already there (patreon, github sponsors, FOSS
| aggregators like apache and eclipse foundation, tidelift, etc).
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | > offers an alternative that... solves absolutely none of these
  | problems.
  | 
  | Here is how 1sub solves or remedies the problems with the
  | mentioned methods:
  | 
  | - Pay to download or for other services: With 1sub it will be
  | more worth it because you don't just get access to that
  | software or that service, you get access to the software and
  | services of all developers who participate in this system.
  | 
  | - Accepting donations: While 1sub keeps some of the voluntary
  | aspect of donations, you also get something for your money.
  | 
  | > folks can still pirate it
  | 
  | Yes, the point of this is not to make it impossible to do
  | anything without a subscription. It just makes the difference
  | in convenience between subscribing and not subscribing bigger
  | since there are more things that you get or don't get depending
  | on whether you subscribe.
  | 
  | > this effort sounds like some naive newbie took 5 seconds to
  | think about
  | 
  | Interestingly I have thought about this for many years and no
  | idea I have had before or any solution I have seen has felt as
  | good as this one because they always fail in that the user
  | doesn't have enough reason to pay. The main objective of this
  | solution is to give the user more reason to pay.
 
| Knee_Pain wrote:
| I think the biggest problem is the financial infrastructure.
| 
| We pay for software almost exclusively through digital means, but
| the fees are too damn high.
| 
| Imagine if transaction fees were zero.
| 
| Imagine if a piece of software you used costed 10 cents per
| months. Or someone's patreon or github sponsor was 5 cents per
| month.
| 
| And then imagine if starting and stopping the subscription was
| intuitive and super easy with any digital payment method you
| happened to use.
| 
| I could see the flood gates open and now developers who got
| basically nothing will get a ton of small contributions that
| together would make up quite a nice lump sum every month
 
  | carlosjobim wrote:
  | From experience I know this truth: Somebody who won't pay $5
  | per month will never pay $1 per month nor will they ever pay 10
  | cents per month.
  | 
  | Something in the mind switches and people turn full on
  | psychotic when it comes to paying for digital services, and
  | there's not much that you can do to fight it with logic.
  | 
  | Just look at Github projects for some really good stuff that
  | are used by thousands or millions. At most the developers will
  | have received 10-20 donations. Almost all of the commenters
  | here on HN have never donated a single dollar to the projects
  | that they love and enjoy.
 
  | ativzzz wrote:
  | A former company I worked for started having a larger Indian
  | userbase. We experimented with supporting them more and it
  | would be similar to what you said - significantly lower prices
  | for them. We chose to mostly ignore the Indian userbase and let
  | them use the product as is without catering to them
  | 
  | The reality is that just because someone pays less doesn't mean
  | they cost less to support. And then, if you support a large
  | number of cheap users, it's even more expensive to support.
  | 
  | As a business, you'd rather have 10 customers paying $10
  | dollars each instead of 100 customers paying $1 each. Larger
  | businesses can overcome this with economies of scale, but
  | smaller businesses cannot
 
    | Knee_Pain wrote:
    | you can make people pay 10 cents a month for the software but
    | the support is a separate subscription
 
      | ativzzz wrote:
      | Support includes things like "I paid and my account doesn't
      | work". In addition, you simply can't provide a good service
      | without support. Being able to answer questions like "I'm
      | trying to do X with your tool, how do I do it?" leads to
      | better customer engagement and retention. It's part of the
      | cost of doing business. The marginal benefit of doing that
      | to microrevenue customers is not worth it financially, and
      | as a result, you will never get as good of engagement nor
      | retention from them.
      | 
      | One of the strengths of small business over a big co like
      | Google is your support is NOT automated and you take the
      | time and care to talk to and answer your customer's
      | questions. You can't do that when you charge 10 cents a
      | customer
      | 
      | On top of that, you still need to market/advertise to those
      | users.
      | 
      | It's less time consuming, causes less friction, and is more
      | profitable to just charge $10 dollars instead
 
  | pixl97 wrote:
  | At the same time cost gates are quality gates quite often.
 
| thorin wrote:
| Strangely this is the same thing that happened to the music
| business. Maybe we need to start selling merch and going out on
| tour to make a living!
 
  | CharlesW wrote:
  | https://linuxfoundation.store/
 
| Otek wrote:
| This needs Show HN:
 
| rco8786 wrote:
| I am super confused about the concept. I pay "someone", of my own
| choosing, and I get access to...what, exactly? "everything"? What
| is that? What incentive do the developers that I'm not paying
| have to give me something?
| 
| > Pay to download or for other services: Not worth it; users can
| find the software somewhere else and they don't need your other
| services.
| 
| I also reject this premise. My evidence being the trillions of
| dollars spent annually on software and other services.
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | What you get access to is everything that is protected using
  | this site. Anyone can create paywalls. Here is an example of a
  | link that only lets subscribers view this comments page:
  | https://1sub.dev/link?u=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id%3D
  | &s=p_GonuAYEe0&k=&n=hK5ZOXymlHi5s2Es&a=a.18
 
| majestic5762 wrote:
| Actually I'm seeing a big new wave of open source projects that
| you can host yourself, but can be used as SaaS if you are willing
| to pay. I'm always paying because I don't want to bother and
| because the devs have my /respect
 
| preommr wrote:
| I don't get it. I also see other comments not getting it so I
| don't think it's just me.
| 
| Is this like Kindle unlimited where someone pays a single
| subscription and gets access to all content providers on the
| platform (in this case content is software), where creators get a
| proportion of the subscription fee based on how much a user used
| an app? So e.g. 10$ per month, I use FooReader 90% of the time,
| so they get 9$.
| 
| Idk, even if I am not getting the details, I don't think that any
| collective approach to app is going to work. Unlike with other
| industries like movies or music, products in software are very
| different from each other and is consumed in a variety of ways
| (library vs end-user app) that have a lot of complicated nuance
| (in terms of licensing and company goals).
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | > where someone pays a single subscription and gets access to
  | all content providers on the platform (in this case content is
  | software), where creators get a proportion of the subscription
  | fee
  | 
  | It is like that, except that users buy the subscriptions
  | directly from the developers. 1Sub doesn't handle any money.
  | This also means that the developers get 100% of the money
  | (except for any transaction fees depending on payment method).
 
| [deleted]
 
| Brian_K_White wrote:
| There does need to be some way for ordinary users to pay
| _something_ to _somewhere_ in a single convenient way,
| voluntarily and in voluntary amounts, that somehow ends up being
| pooled and distributed to or otherwise benefitting all the 37,000
| developers and projects whos free work they use all day every
| day.
| 
| This isn't it.
| 
| I donate a little to the EFF, monthly automatic, and a few other
| things irregularly as I feel particular gratitude. It leaves a
| million people unaccounted for, but all you can do today is pick
| a few things that matter to you and let others get the others.
| 
| And/or pay back/forward by contributing a little work of your own
| to the commons which I also do, but you can't expect most to do
| that, and I don't claim mine is valuable. Actually come to think
| of that, the reason I work on the things I work on is mostly
| because I just want to, so maybe most of those million are fine
| and there's no problem. But come to me with any kind of demand,
| well, I guess that's when paying enters the chat.
 
  | robalni wrote:
  | This is compatible with that.
  | 
  | One such service that distributes payments could sell
  | subscriptions in this system. That's one of the ideas I have
  | had all the time with this project but I guess I forgot to
  | write down; payment distributers should be one of those you can
  | subscribe to.
 
| Pxtl wrote:
| This sounds like Patreon.
| 
| Imho, the "just buy it" or "patreon to access the development
| discord/forum/whatever for OSS" seem like the best approaches.
| Like, I'm in Mastodon's patreon, and I'm happy to buy software.
| And while it may sting, I'm okay with "major release = new
| version buy it again". Not fond fond of installed local non-cloud
| software in the SAAS business model.
 
  | CharlesW wrote:
  | > _This sounds like Patreon._
  | 
  | It's exactly Patreon or one of its many competitors. The
  | "subscribe to a creator and get special perks" problem is
  | common and solved, but as you note the "CaaS" (creator as a
  | service) model isn't for everyone.
 
| jansommer wrote:
| > Pay to download or for other services: Not worth it; users can
| find the software somewhere else and they don't need your other
| services.
| 
| If users can find the software elsewhere, then it must be cheaper
| or better if they don't want to use yours. If this is about
| pirating, then it's just a matter of time before they buy, unless
| the ransom for decrypting their personal files bankrupts them.
| 
| Please, no more subscriptions.
 
| Otek wrote:
| I know people hate Subscriptions but honestly I quite like them.
| I can pay for one month usually not very high price to use
| software when I need it. Problem is to be solved by developers,
| they should give more often option to buy lifetime license, or
| allow you to use software for lifetime after you payed for 1 year
| of subscription (without updates). It's just not profitable
| enough I believe. Maybe we will have appropriate laws in the
| future - that's the solution I would like to see
 
  | tiltowait wrote:
  | Paying for one month every once in a while for software that
  | would otherwise be very expensive is about the only benefit I
  | can see for subscriptions. For instance, Apple seems to be
  | moving Final Cut Pro to a subscription model, and a $5/mo
  | subscription is pretty great if you just need to use it once or
  | twice or very sporadically.
  | 
  | Subscriptions always feel a little scummy to me, due in part to
  | the way they're often advertised. I think that "Only $5/mo!"
  | followed by tiny print saying "Billed annually" should be
  | illegal, because it's clearly deceptive advertising.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | mrweasel wrote:
  | Subscriptions just becomes unmanageable when you have to many.
  | I do like your example of some software where you just need it
  | for a month, but I don't think that should be a subscriptions
  | then. That should just be paying for one or two months upfront.
  | 
  | The issue that I have with subscriptions is, as I said, they
  | become unmanageable and they are frequently dishonest, betting
  | on you to forget to cancel them. You do a one year subscription
  | for something, forget to cancel in time, and now you're stuck
  | paying for two years.
  | 
  | Both SaaS and many other type of subscriptions really need to
  | drop the recurring part and just let you "rent" the product.
  | That seems more honest to me.
 
    | Otek wrote:
    | I just use single-use card whenever I don't use AppStore for
    | subscription. That way they won't charge me again and if I
    | end up using and liking the software I will remember to
    | change card or provide another single use card
 
  | api wrote:
  | I don't mind subscriptions if they deliver consistent value
  | _and if I can cancel them easily when I want._
  | 
  | A lot of hatred of subscriptions comes from hard-to-cancel dark
  | patterns that should be illegal.
 
| grishka wrote:
| Speaking of software business models, I like the idea of charging
| money for convenience. As in, make the app open-source, but sell
| compiled binaries and maybe tech support.
 
  | tiffanyh wrote:
  | That's the AWS model.
  | 
  | Take a free open source product, and charge for hosting &
  | maintaining it.
 
    | grishka wrote:
    | Yeah, if it's a server app, you can also sell it as a hosted
    | service.
 
| tomrod wrote:
| Can I just say, I absolutely love the functionality of this side
| and its linked sites? I really appreciate fast, simple sites.
 
| simonbarker87 wrote:
| So it's like SetApp?
 
| gizmo wrote:
| Software has no marginal cost. You can make something that's used
| by untold millions of people. Even if many people pirate enough
| people won't for you to recoup your development cost and then
| some.
| 
| Software is easier to produce, sell, and distribute than any
| physical product. You don't have to worry about warehouses filled
| with unsold inventory. You don't have to worry about quality
| control and returns. It still blows my mind how much easier it is
| to run a business that deals with bytes instead of atoms. The OP
| talks about software having no copy protection, but Amazon sells
| DVD players and cordless drills for $30. Imagine for a second how
| hard it is to compete with that. Competing with Google or
| Microsoft or some startup is a walk in the park in comparison.
| 
| In software the hard part is making an excellent product. And
| let's face it, that's where most people fail. It has nothing to
| do with monetization.
 
  | 7e wrote:
  | Not at all. Software has low marginal cost, but that has high
  | fixed costs that need a monetizable market to sustain. Good
  | software takes effort and great people. Those are expensive. If
  | you can't monetize you can't put people on your software and it
  | will suck (like most OSS software, for example). Physical
  | manufacturing is hard, but at least it brings in dollars. OSS,
  | privacy and wankers reverse engineering your software shrinks
  | your market substantially.
 
    | buggy6257 wrote:
    | I'm not sure I get your argument. Basically everything you're
    | talking about applies to physical manufacturing too. You have
    | high fixed costs (equipment, location, assembly line workers,
    | what have you), and you also have marginal cost (software
    | basically has zero marginal cost). Good physical goods also
    | take effort, and great people to design them.
    | 
    | > Physical manufacturing is hard, but it at least brings in
    | dollars
    | 
    | You say this as if it's some indelible fact that if you make
    | a physical product, it WILL be bought and you WILL make a
    | profit no matter what, but I think it's safe to say this is
    | objectively false, as many failed physical business would
    | attest to.
    | 
    | > OSS, privacy and wankers reverse engineering your software
    | shrinks your market substantially.
    | 
    | As opposed to in the physical world, where nobody ever cribs
    | your ideas and sells them at a discount compared to you...
    | AKA "Amazon's business model"? (not to mention overseas
    | knockoffs of products
    | 
    | Given all these things being equal then, software has all the
    | same benefits that your parent comment mentioned, while
    | staying at best EQUAL with physical manufacturing, save for
    | maybe higher salaries to the people making your product
    | (arguable in some cases, but on average probably true) but
    | this difference pales in comparison to not having to own a
    | warehouse and manage last-mile shipping costs etc.
 
      | ipaddr wrote:
      | A physical product has limitations. Creating 1,000 car
      | mirrors requires capital, storage, self space to sell. Once
      | the mirrors are created no changes can occur. Any changes
      | requires a new batch.
      | 
      | Software has expectations that it can and should be changed
      | after purchase through updates/patches/upgrades/saas
      | products. That creates an ongoing cost a physical product
      | doesn't have.
      | 
      | There are tradeoffs and different expectations which make
      | both difficult. I would rather go the software root because
      | I have the advantage of free developer time but someone
      | else might find making 10,000 widgets from China much
      | easier and cheaper. We think software is easier because we
      | devalue what we add and what we really cost
 
        | LegitShady wrote:
        | >Software has expectations that it can and should be
        | changed after purchase through
        | updates/patches/upgrades/saas products. That creates an
        | ongoing cost a physical product doesn't have.
        | 
        | Nowadays businesses use this to create a constant revenue
        | stream from what used to be a single purchase. It's not
        | to service the product, its to continue to soak money
        | from the people who do end up spending on it.
        | 
        | Aside from security updates most software I have, I just
        | want them to stop. No changes, no design upgrades, no "we
        | changed this tier of our pricing" etc. Most of that stuff
        | is working against the customer not for them. Your SaaS
        | model is so you can make money, I have no incentive to
        | pay more than I have to.
 
        | dcow wrote:
        | > I have no incentive to pay more than I have to.
        | 
        | You have to pay their recurring revenue if you want them
        | to stay in business and keep the lights on so you can use
        | their product. That's the hard reality. If you run your
        | own server and fix your own bugs and etc. (which is
        | feasible for many here, I'm not saying it's a bad option)
        | _then_ you can  "pay no more than you have to".
 
        | JohnFen wrote:
        | > You have to pay their recurring revenue if you want
        | them to stay in business and keep the lights on so you
        | can use their product.
        | 
        | It's not my problem that they've settled on a revenue
        | model that isn't in line with what I'm prepared to do.
 
        | dcow wrote:
        | Sure, then you're okay with the consequences of the
        | product not existing when they go out of business.
 
        | JohnFen wrote:
        | I am entirely fine with that, yes. It might make room for
        | better business models to return.
 
        | LegitShady wrote:
        | If it was just software they sold it would still exist.
        | It's only a saas and abusive license.verififcation that
        | means if they go out of business they remove all benefits
        | from previously paid amounts, and that's not in my
        | interest either.
 
    | Mc91 wrote:
    | > If you can't monetize you can't put people on your software
    | and it will suck (like most OSS software, for example).
    | 
    | I have worked on FLOSS software and I have worked on non-
    | FLOSS software and I don't see most FLOSS software sucking in
    | a way that non-FLOSS does not.
    | 
    | FLOSS has some advantages - as there is no compelling need to
    | release new features which can drive up revenue and profit
    | (or at least OKRs) for the next quarter, you don't get a
    | constant need to release unneeded junk to try to squeeze the
    | last dime out of consumers. You can actually spend time
    | refactoring the code, or only releasing when it is properly
    | architected.
    | 
    | Most of the servers and smartphones in the world are running
    | on a FLOSS kernel. MacBook's OS derive from CSRG's BSD, and
    | even some of Windows, like the Internet stack, derive from
    | FLOSS. If it sucks so much, why do virtually all major
    | operating systems derive fully, or at least partially, from
    | it?
 
      | JohnFen wrote:
      | One of the reasons why I strongly prefer FLOSS over
      | commercial software is that FLOSS tends to be of better
      | quality.
      | 
      | Whether or not I pay money for it doesn't enter into my
      | calculation much at all.
 
  | gnulinux wrote:
  | It's almost like we live in different world, I could not
  | disagree more.
  | 
  | * Software is _extremely_ expensive. Software engineers are
  | expensive, and for a good software project you need a tech
  | lead, a manager and probably a few developers. These are all
  | people you need to pay tons of money for.
  | 
  | * Software is constantly changing, something that worked 2
  | years ago can be broken beyond repair today. You need a team
  | that can keep up with this.
  | 
  | * Software needs maintenance. You can't just build an app an
  | call it a day, you need to employ a team to maintain it
  | continuously. You can build a massive, gargantuan bridge and
  | maintain it maybe every few years/half a decade to keep it safe
  | for 30+ years, you cannot do that in software.
  | 
  | * Unlike what outsider think, software -- even "boring"
  | CRUD/web software -- is still very much a research project. If
  | you ask a civil engineer how to build a bridge, they'll tell
  | you about all the techniques that were developed over the many
  | many decades. What a developer focuses on while writing code is
  | mostly ideas developed in the last few years. Although you
  | think you're building a simple app with 3 devs, what you're
  | missing is you have your own tiny research lab studying how to
  | develop this simple app the cheapest way possible while making
  | it maintainable.
  | 
  | * Software by its very nature is hard to make money off of. Its
  | complexity is opaque to most people, they're not willing to
  | pay. You'll always have people pirating it, eating away from
  | your bottom line. Moreover, each new software means changing
  | workflow, so even if you have the best product on the market,
  | decent amount of people won't switch from the industry
  | standard.
  | 
  | * Modern software engineering methodology focuses on, among
  | other things, time to ship, feature richness and
  | maintainability. It does not focus on correctness -- partially
  | because our theories on software correctness are lacking (even
  | if you decide to use novel/extreme approaches such as
  | Dependently Typed Programming, formal proofs etc it's
  | unclear/unknown if you'll reach a significantly better
  | correctness metric). This makes your product inherently
  | frustrating to the customer. No matter how much money you
  | spend, you'll always have a product that's a little bit buggy.
  | This means the product is very sensitive to the amount of money
  | you throw at it. If you throw Apple level of money, it'll be
  | less buggy, if you have a barebones team it'll be more buggy.
 
    | ndriscoll wrote:
    | > Unlike what outsider think, software -- even "boring"
    | CRUD/web software -- is still very much a research project.
    | If you ask a civil engineer how to build a bridge, they'll
    | tell you about all the techniques that were developed over
    | the many many decades. What a developer focuses on while
    | writing code is mostly ideas developed in the last few years.
    | 
    | Most (all?) of the ideas I see are at least 20 years old, if
    | not 40-50. Something like Spring wouldn't be my ideal choice,
    | but it can certainly get the job done for most people, and
    | it's 20 years old. MVC dates back to the 70s. Postgresql is
    | 27 years old and is a fantastic choice. SQL and RDBMSs date
    | back to the 70s. The term CRUD itself dates back to the 80s.
    | Server rendered pages are still easy to do, perform way
    | better than most React-based abominations, and are as old as
    | the web. If anything, software is plagued by these "research
    | projects" that are mostly just to scratch smart people's
    | itches.
 
    | jkepler wrote:
    | > * Software needs maintenance. You can't just build an app
    | an call it a day, you need to employ a team to maintain it
    | continuously. You can build a massive, gargantuan bridge and
    | maintain it maybe every few years/half a decade to keep it
    | safe for 30+ years, you cannot do that in software.
    | 
    | > * Unlike what outsider think, software -- even "boring"
    | CRUD/web software -- is still very much a research project.
    | If you ask a civil engineer how to build a bridge, they'll
    | tell you about all the techniques that were developed over
    | the many many decades.
    | 
    | As a nonpracticing civil engineer, you're underestimating the
    | ongoing maintence that goes into any large bridge.
    | 
    | Also, though the techniques may be more established, every
    | bridge must still be designed to fit the specific
    | characteristics of its local geology and geography. But come
    | to think of it, fundamental computer science algorithms are
    | pretty well established, like bridge-building techniques.
    | Software engineering is simply fitting the code to each
    | unique problem, as bridge design fits a bridge to each unique
    | place.
 
      | dcow wrote:
      | The dirty secret is that you _rarely_ need to invest in
      | new, novel, software engineering techniques which is what
      | you need actual software engineers for. In reality you can
      | just get a few software developers to propose a design for
      | a thing, have a software engineer consultant review the
      | design and sign off, and then go on your merry way building
      | the software. Kinda like how architecture /construction vs
      | engineering works in meat space.
 
  | inglor_cz wrote:
  | Making an excellent product is hard, but what is really hard,
  | is maintaining it for years and decades afterwards.
  | 
  | Maintenance, addition of new functionality, bugfixing, porting
  | to other platforms etc. takes easily 10x-50x time than the
  | initial release, and eats the vast majority of the developers'
  | time and energy.
  | 
  | This is where "not being paid for your work" translates into
  | abandoned projects.
 
    | grishka wrote:
    | An excellent product doesn't need maintenance if it doesn't
    | rely on any online services. Once it's done, it's done. It
    | does everything it needs and nothing it doesn't need.
    | 
    | Engineering projects usually have a finished state. Software
    | engineering is no different, no matter how much the industry
    | wants you to believe otherwise.
 
      | j1elo wrote:
      | Software engineering is like if a car was built and thus
      | "finished", but the systems it depends on (like roads, and
      | gas stations) changed every N years (with N < 10).
      | 
      | Imagine the gas stations (operating system) changed the
      | kind of fuel they dispense every few years. No, by no means
      | a car (software) that is fully finished _today_ would be
      | able to continue doing its thing _tomorrow_ , without
      | ongoing updates.
      | 
      | This also happens in the real world, it's just that changes
      | are more likely in the decades or centuries, so we as
      | humans don't perceive them so well.
      | 
      | The fact that Microsoft spends a whole lot of money to
      | avoid this, is circumstantial. Apple doesn't so much, and
      | at some point your finished software will stop working with
      | newer MacOS releases if you don't update it to the newer
      | system versions.
      | 
      | Linux is even more of a moving target. Good luck having a
      | perfectly well working compiled program today, and trying
      | to run it in 10 years time.
 
        | grishka wrote:
        | Is there any reason -- other than "we're paying our
        | graphic designers full-time salaries so we better get our
        | money's worth" -- why OSes have to change so drastically
        | and can't be finished as well, only ever updated to add
        | new APIs for apps and drivers to support new hardware
        | features?
 
        | vel0city wrote:
        | > only ever updated to add new APIs for apps and drivers
        | to support new hardware features
        | 
        | Sounds like it's not "finished" if it needs all these
        | updates.
        | 
        | As for why change the window dressing, the market for
        | style changes over time. Why do car companies change the
        | look of their products? Why does the outside of a cereal
        | box ever change? Do the inside of our houses today look
        | the same as the 80s? The 70s? The 40s?
        | 
        | Are you arguing that Windows and MacOS should continue to
        | look like it's 1.0 release?
 
        | jwells89 wrote:
        | Security is probably the biggest reason. With attacks
        | growing continually more sophisticated, it's not enough
        | to just patch holes as they're found -- you have to
        | engineer entirely new systems to not be drowned in holes.
        | This unfortunately has compatibility implications.
        | 
        | Look at macOS for example, which over the years has
        | gained app sandboxing and mobile-like access permissions.
        | Software pre-dating these additions that assumes that it
        | has access to everything all the time will have its
        | functionality impaired. Devs had to update their software
        | to not make such huge assumptions and to handle no access
        | cases gracefully.
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | The program's interface with environment won't change
        | forever, when you write your program as a pure function
        | which only touches exactly the thing it fundamentally
        | needs to, you use a pretty much finalized interface.
 
        | grishka wrote:
        | So, how secure is "secure enough"? Android's security
        | model is okay, and Google knows it, so they just keep
        | redesigning the UI without substantial API changes
        | because _the updates have to be coming out_ with each lap
        | the planet makes around its star.
        | 
        | > Devs had to update their software to not make such huge
        | assumptions and to handle no access cases gracefully.
        | 
        | Sure. But at some point it _will_ reach the  "secure
        | enough" state, won't it?
        | 
        | (Actually, macOS permissions work mostly transparently
        | API-wise. Apps can request access explicitly so it better
        | fits their particular UX, but the prompt would also pop
        | up the first time the protected resource is accessed. No
        | code-level changes are necessary to support this.)
 
        | jwells89 wrote:
        | > Android's security model is okay, and Google knows it,
        | so they just keep redesigning the UI without substantial
        | API changes because the updates have to be coming out
        | with each lap the planet makes around its star.
        | 
        | Google is a bit of a special case I think due to their
        | culture of using big projects as a means of climbing the
        | corporate ladder. The only thing that could ever possibly
        | result from that is endless churn.
        | 
        | > Sure. But at some point it will reach the "secure
        | enough" state, won't it?
        | 
        | Maybe, I'm too much of a layman in the field of infosec
        | to be able to say.
        | 
        | > (Actually, macOS permissions work mostly transparently
        | API-wise. Apps can request access explicitly so it better
        | fits their particular UX, but the prompt would also pop
        | up the first time the protected resource is accessed)
        | 
        | True, but it's still problematic if e.g. the user
        | accidentally denies access unknowingly, which will result
        | in the app producing seemingly nonsensical errors. For a
        | good user experience the app needs to be able to tell the
        | user what the real problem is.
 
      | steveBK123 wrote:
      | Completely incorrect.
      | 
      | Underlying hardware/OS/firmwares/JVM/etc change.
      | 
      | Dependencies break.
      | 
      | Security updates.
      | 
      | Etc.
      | 
      | Engineering projects usually hand off maintenance to their
      | owner. Your house/car need maintenance. Your cities
      | roads/bridges/tunnels need maintenance.
      | 
      | The difference with software is that maintenance is done by
      | the producers as they own the code.
 
        | grishka wrote:
        | > Underlying hardware/OS/firmwares/JVM/etc change.
        | 
        | OSes also can be "excellent products". They don't _need_
        | yearly updates, there 's nothing inherent to them that
        | would prevent them from being made perfect, finished and
        | never updated again.
        | 
        | The only case when an otherwise perfect OS would truly
        | need to update is when new hardware capabilities require
        | OS-level changes to support. Sometimes it may be
        | beneficial to expose these new hardware capabilities as
        | APIs for apps to consume. But again, adding new APIs
        | shouldn't break the existing ones. For example, on
        | phones, this would include things like notched screens,
        | fingerprint readers or multiple rear-facing cameras.
        | 
        | > Dependencies break.
        | 
        | Don't update dependencies. Pick one version that serves
        | you well and stick with it forever. I'm serious.
        | 
        | > Security updates.
        | 
        | It seems like we've already realized that writing code
        | that deals with complex data structures received from
        | untrusted parties in memory-unsafe languages like C is a
        | terrible idea. If you exclude memory safety
        | vulnerabilities, the attack surface shrinks drastically.
        | You'd run out of security vulnerabilities pretty fast if
        | you'd have any to begin with.
        | 
        | > Your house/car need maintenance. Your cities
        | roads/bridges/tunnels need maintenance.
        | 
        | Houses, cars, and road infrastructure are made out of
        | atoms and exposed to elements and stress of our imperfect
        | real world. They wear out. Code doesn't. In 100 years,
        | the bits would be the same they are today (as long as you
        | use a reliable enough storage medium).
 
        | duckmysick wrote:
        | I'd rather use an imperfect product that does a good-
        | enough job instead of waiting for a perfect product.
        | 
        | The perfect OS doesn't exist yet. Right now, I'd rather
        | use some OS than no OS.
        | 
        | Why a perfect OS doesn't exist? Good question. Maybe
        | because the programming field is relatively immature so
        | we're still figuring things out and we don't apply formal
        | verification to everything. Compare that to say,
        | architecture, where we can calculate how much weight a
        | structure can withstand. Or the other way around: what do
        | we need to do to support an X amount of load.
        | 
        | I guess the stakes are lower too. I wouldn't walk on a
        | wobbly bridge, but I don't mind if a desktop app I use
        | crashes occasionally under unusual circumstances.
        | Critical software (say, aviation) is generally written
        | with more care but it's still not perfect.
 
        | nemo wrote:
        | This all sounds fine hypothetically, you might want to
        | take a look around at the world for a while to see why it
        | doesn't fit your model. Obviously your idea hasn't
        | happened, and there's good reasons why this is the case
        | that you could readily discover if you took a look at
        | reality instead of your model of reality.
 
        | steveBK123 wrote:
        | > there's nothing inherent to them that would prevent
        | them from being made perfect, finished and never updated
        | again.
        | 
        | theres this thing called the internet, to which the OS
        | connects, filled with adversarial actors, so no this is
        | not correct at all
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | > this is not correct at all
        | 
        | Why?
        | 
        | There's a thing called formal verification of software.
 
        | grishka wrote:
        | And? How do updates help any of this? Firewalls are a
        | thing. Memory-safe languages are a thing. Unit tests are
        | a thing. Fuzzing is a thing. And it is not an OS's job to
        | protect the user from themselves (i.e. social
        | engineering). If you've installed malware, you deserve
        | the consequences and you will be more careful next time.
        | It's okay for powerful technologies to require a minimum
        | level of education.
 
      | inglor_cz wrote:
      | Uh, look at curl. It is an excellent product, no doubt
      | about it (or if you do, I wonder what your standards for
      | excellence are), and yet we are here, at version 8.0, 27
      | years after its first release.
      | 
      | Edit:
      | 
      | "if it doesn't rely on any online services"
      | 
      | That is a big IF. How many things don't, at least
      | indirectly? (e.g. by relying on HTTPS, which requires TLS,
      | which requires keeping up with current cryptographic
      | standards.)
 
      | vel0city wrote:
      | Engineering projects have a finished state? So once they
      | build a road or bridge or dam, nobody needs to touch it
      | again forever? It's finished right, no more work anymore.
      | 
      | Even in electronic hardware there's often continuation of
      | design and refinement. Have you never seen a board with a
      | revision number on it?
 
        | grishka wrote:
        | > It's finished right, no more work anymore.
        | 
        | Real-world objects like these wear out. Code doesn't.
        | 
        | > Have you never seen a board with a revision number on
        | it?
        | 
        | Of course I have. There's a difference though. You can't
        | ship an electronic device that's unfinished with a
        | promise to "fix it later". Yet this is what routinely
        | happens with software these days. Also, if your device
        | serves its purpose well, you'd probably have a "final"
        | board revision with all flaws fixed. If you want to add
        | features to an electronic device, you'd _make it a
        | different model_ , possibly sold concurrently with your
        | existing one to serve people with different needs and
        | budgets.
 
        | vel0city wrote:
        | > Real-world objects like these wear out
        | 
        | You just said "engineering". Bridges and roads are
        | engineering as well buddy. And it's not even just the
        | wear, it's the continued refinement and upgrade of these
        | structures which is a constant engineering effort.
        | 
        | > Engineering projects usually have a finished state
        | 
        | This is the statement I'm addressing. And it's just not
        | entirely accurate. Things change, assumptions get proven
        | wrong, there's always a newer and better way to do
        | something, etc.
        | 
        | Sure your widget was probably about as good as you could
        | do at the time you first launched it, but several years
        | later there's better components available. Or maybe a
        | supplier stops making some part you were using. Or a few
        | years later you start getting parts back failing early in
        | their service life and need to make an update. What was
        | once your finished state now isn't.
 
    | XCSme wrote:
    | Completely agree.
    | 
    | Nowadays, software is different from the CD era, where you
    | bought a game/software and that was it. Nowadays, people
    | expect the software to be maintained, kept up to date and
    | always compatible with the latest changes (new OS versions,
    | compatibility with other software, etc.).
    | 
    | Maintenance is the high cost of software, not building it.
    | This is why I sell my products with a perpetual license but
    | with paid yearly updates. I can not work for free
    | indefinitely as all the "lifetime" licenses promise.
 
      | AlexandrB wrote:
      | I think there are a few interesting threads to pick at
      | here.
      | 
      | First, some of these problems are created by software
      | developers themselves. In particular, shoving in an online
      | component where one doesn't need to exist basically
      | guarantees that you will have recurring costs and the need
      | for constant maintenance.
      | 
      | Second, Microsoft is much more careful about maintaining
      | backwards compatibility than Apple. I can generally fire up
      | 10+ year old software on Windows 10, no problem. The same
      | is _sometimes_ true on OSX /iOS, but often not. The
      | increasing popularity of Apple products and the lower
      | priority they place on backwards compatibility has
      | definitely made developers' lives harder.
      | 
      | Having said all that, I don't think _everybody_ expects
      | constant updates. I think power users, especially, are used
      | to running what works for them for long periods of time.
      | You probably can 't build the next Google on this, but a
      | lifestyle business? Certainly. Just look at Pinboard and
      | it's lack of enhancements or UI overhauls - and that's an
      | _online_ service.
 
    | pmontra wrote:
    | The traditional way to fund maintenance was to release a new
    | and better version of the product. Example, all the releases
    | of the various office suites from the days of MS-DOS up to
    | Windows up to the cloud. If sales decline, sell to a
    | competitor (good timing required) or close and switch to
    | something else. A company that paid salaries for 5-10 years
    | is still nothing to be ashamed of.
    | 
    | In the case of Apple, keep selling new hardware. I can't
    | remember if they ever sold their software in the first years
    | of Macs or if it was bundled with the hardware.
 
      | AlexandrB wrote:
      | > I can't remember if they ever sold their software in the
      | first years of Macs or if it was bundled with the hardware.
      | 
      | In the early OSX era they used to sell their office suite
      | separately. Eventually it got bundled with hardware for
      | free. They still sell some software, like Final Cut Pro.
 
    | MichaelZuo wrote:
    | Plenty of people are using copies of Word, Powerpoint, and
    | Excel 2003 just fine, which received literally zero
    | 'maintenance' for at least a decade or more depending on
    | personal preferences.
    | 
    | For most software that can be sold in a box, without an
    | attached cloud service, this approach works.
    | 
    | EDIT: Also some fraction would be using them on computers
    | that literally haven't been upgraded or connected to the
    | internet for a decade or more.
 
      | belugacat wrote:
      | It is amusing that your argument for software not needing
      | "maintenance" is pointing out 3 pieces of software that had
      | each received 20 years of maintenance by the time they
      | reached the year you picked, 2003.
 
        | crickey wrote:
        | It was also selling for 20 years. Its the same with
        | physicall products if it sels u will update and maintain
        | the product.
 
        | MichaelZuo wrote:
        | I've edited my comment since it appears your the third
        | person confused as to the possibility of using them on
        | older computers.
 
        | singlow wrote:
        | I think you are confused because the 2003 version of
        | those products had already had as many as 20 years of
        | maintenance, in the form of prior releases upon which
        | they were based. Word was first released in 1983 and
        | Excel in 1985.
 
        | MichaelZuo wrote:
        | The 1985 version of Excel was Mac only. The 2003 version
        | is about as closely related as iOS is to Mac System 7.
        | 
        | If you don't understand Excel's history, it's better to
        | not make such a bizarre claim.
 
      | dboreham wrote:
      | > Plenty of people are using copies of Word, Powerpoint,
      | and Excel 2003 just fine
      | 
      | Unless they're also using computers and OSes from 2003
      | (spoiler -- they're not because those OSes wouldn't work
      | with today's internet), those people are benefiting from
      | untold efforts in the meantime to maintain their OS so it
      | has that compatibility with 20 year old user space code.
 
        | Vox_Leone wrote:
        | I have a Pentium 4 machine running Win XP in regular
        | operation since 2003. I use it to create content in
        | CorelDRAW 11 and AutoCAD 2004.
        | 
        | That sweet sensation of being owner of what you paid for
        | comes as a bonus.
 
      | masukomi wrote:
      | if you think those aren't receiving maintenance you're not
      | paying attention or are ignorant as to how hard it is to
      | keep a complex app compiling as operating systems move
      | forward.
      | 
      | Not receiving new features is VERY different from not
      | receiving maintenance. It is wholly implausible to believe
      | that there has been zero energy spent on keeping those
      | codebases working in the past 10 years.
 
        | civilized wrote:
        | I don't think you understand. Office 2003 (or earlier)
        | and similar products aren't constantly phoning home for
        | updates like more recent software. Millions of people
        | have had a single 100% static binary for these programs
        | running on their computer for many years. The ability to
        | phone home, if it exists at all, may even be broken or
        | disabled.
        | 
        | This is in fact how all software worked until, I don't
        | know, about two decades ago? Things being patched was a
        | big deal, a voluntary manual process, and didn't happen
        | often. The update would even have a well-known name like
        | "Service Pack 2".
        | 
        | The idea that all software must be constantly maintained
        | is recent and the assumption that it is necessary is
        | mostly self-imposed by the software business. Users don't
        | share this assumption, and in fact on many products,
        | updates are viewed mostly neutral to negatively, other
        | than perhaps critical security updates on products that
        | are used in connection to the internet or untrusted data.
 
        | intelVISA wrote:
        | Single static binary software, the blessed future we
        | never saw.
 
        | zer8k wrote:
        | As beautiful as it is, and for the all the problems
        | dynamic linking causes, the edges on single static binary
        | software are very, very sharp.
 
        | MichaelZuo wrote:
        | I'm not sure what to say to this... you can just buy an
        | old copy of Office 2003 on eBay, an old Windows XP
        | computer, and boot it up and try it out?
        | 
        | You don't have to believe me, I imagine practically every
        | reader on HN has the means to verify this for themselves.
 
        | j1elo wrote:
        | That kind of rethoric doesn't fly too far... Your
        | original point was
        | 
        | > _Plenty of people are using Word, Powerpoint, and Excel
        | 2003 just fine_
        | 
        | Are you claiming that a reasonable majority (for the sake
        | of discussion) of this plenty of people are using Office
        | 2003 _on Windows XP machines_??
        | 
        | I'd doubt it. More like there's plenty of people using
        | old software in _modern_ versions of Windows. The
        | maintenance work, of course, exists and has been done
        | indirectly, by Microsoft, in the development iterations
        | of Windows itself.
 
        | MichaelZuo wrote:
        | If you also include Windows 2000, Vista, and 7 computers
        | that weren't updated in the last decade, I think that
        | would be a sizeable fraction of all Office 2003 users in
        | 2023.
        | 
        | Whether or not they make up the numerical majority of all
        | extant users is simply irrelevant to the point of 'Plenty
        | of people'. It's easily many, many, thousands.
 
        | yread wrote:
        | Sure you can do that. But look at the list of 60
        | vulnerabilities with score 9+ that you're exposing
        | yourself to:
        | 
        | https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-
        | list.php?vendor_id=...
        | 
        | So you can try it out but don't open any documents, or
        | run it while connected to the net. You'd better also not
        | insert any images. Have fun!
        | 
        | We could also have a post "World where bad people don't
        | try to break your software"
 
        | crickey wrote:
        | You answered your own issues. Dont open untrusted
        | documents from the net. not running while connected to
        | the net seems mute as the software doesnt directly access
        | the internet. Seems like issues even the most up to date
        | software suffers from.
 
        | bena wrote:
        | Support for Office 2003 ended in 2014. Close to a decade
        | ago. No maintenance, no patches, no service packs,
        | nothing. No energy expended working on that codebase.
        | 
        | Office 2016 is going EOL in two years.
        | 
        | That's from Microsoft themselves. They do not hide these
        | facts or make it hard to find.
 
        | Lacerda69 wrote:
        | And?
        | 
        | I find it mindboggling that a simple program like text
        | processors have to be continually updated for decades.
        | Just program it right once for god sakes.
 
        | adamc wrote:
        | You vastly underestimate the complexity involved. Also,
        | new attacks get discovered that were not even dreamed 20
        | years ago. There is no "just get it right" when right is
        | measured by what we know, and that keeps changing.
 
        | nemo wrote:
        | >I find it mindboggling that a simple program like text
        | processors have to be continually updated for decades
        | 
        | Your assumption that a word processor is a simple program
        | is something you might want to consider, at a low level
        | handling text rendering in a word processor is highly
        | complex work. Besides text encodings regularly evolving
        | and changing over the years especially in the pre-UTF-8
        | world (but even with Unicode), there's also the reality
        | that security threats evolve over time, and once threats
        | are discovered old code that once seemed fine becomes
        | insecure and dangerous. In computing the reality is that
        | there's constant change driven by supporting a regularly
        | changing computing environment, security fixes, bug
        | fixes, increased computing power permitting new features
        | that are then implemented and new ideas appearing, et al.
        | Software will always be changing, that's the way things
        | are, there's good reasons for this. Trying to oppose that
        | reality with an unrealistic model that doesn't account
        | for the causes of change just leaves you misunderstanding
        | the way the industry works.
 
        | j45 wrote:
        | Unlike recent versions of Office, old ones didn't call
        | home, and Microsoft doesn't really have an idea of how
        | many copies of their software are still in use in some
        | cases.
 
      | ape4 wrote:
      | Funny you mentioned 2003 since that's the exact version Ms
      | Office I use ;)
 
      | pharrington wrote:
      | Somebody has to maintain the software, be it the devs or
      | the end users.
 
      | saint_fiasco wrote:
      | Microsoft also makes Windows, and Windows takes backwards
      | compatibility very seriously.
      | 
      | Even if they don't work on maintaining Office 2003
      | directly, they indirectly work very hard making sure every
      | subsequent version of Windows does not break Office 2003.
 
        | MichaelZuo wrote:
        | No, they are perfectly usable and functional even on
        | Windows XP or Vista or 7 computers that haven't been
        | touched or connected to the internet since 2012.
 
        | xNeil wrote:
        | That's not backward compatibility then - those are the
        | systems it was made for (Windows 7 would then have been
        | made backwards compatible for Office 2003).
        | 
        | It's backward compatibility if Word 2003 runs on the
        | later Windows versions - like Windows 10 and 11. I don't
        | know the answer to that, but I'm sure someone here does.
 
        | MichaelZuo wrote:
        | Oh, I wasn't responding to the first point, of course
        | Microsoft takes backward compatibility seriously.
        | 
        | Though it's possible to mix and match so the OS backwards
        | compatibility isn't the full story.
        | 
        | i.e. a launch copy of Word 2003 works on later OS
        | updates, yet the final patch version of Word 2003 also
        | works on a 2009 launch copy of 7.
 
  | vishnugupta wrote:
  | I mean, sure, this is what all the business books, MBAs have
  | been saying since 60s.
  | 
  | However, since then we have come to learn a _lot_ about
  | software. The most important of which is that software, just
  | like physical products, needs maintenance. The world is
  | constantly changing and evolving, and software has to keep up
  | otherwise it 'll become obsolete within couple of years. At the
  | very least it must be patched up with newly discovered security
  | threats.
  | 
  | Just look at all the money/effort spent to make features
  | backward compatible, or army of engineers employed by companies
  | just to maintain existing software.
 
    | ryandrake wrote:
    | > At the very least it must be patched up with newly
    | discovered security threats.
    | 
    | I'd say at the very _most_ it needs security updates. Too
    | much software changes just to change. UI redesigns for the
    | sake of redesign, cramming features that nobody wants so a
    | product owner can get promoted, adding telemetry and
    | analytics to chase metrics that no user cares about, adding
    | annoying notifications and popups to juice  "engagement". I
    | pine for the days of desktop software, where I can wake up in
    | the morning and not be worried that some developer 1,000
    | miles away from me changed my product out from under me
    | because developers gotta develop.
    | 
    | Another benefit of software that doesn't change every week is
    | you can charge one time for it rather than these awful
    | subscription pricing that most software are switching to.
    | They justify subscriptions because "we have to keep paying
    | developers to develop." Not a problem that the user has, so
    | why should the user have to pay for it?
    | 
    | Old, unchanged software is not obsolete. It's mature.
    | Bugfixes only, please.
 
      | mrlemke wrote:
      | Why would I pay my developers to do bug fixes if you've
      | only paid me once? Bug fixes are the user's problem, so why
      | should I have to pay for it?
 
        | ryandrake wrote:
        | Companies can bake the cost of one or two maintenance
        | releases and maybe one or two years of security releases
        | into the purchase price. I agree it's not reasonable to
        | expect lifetime updates from a one-time purchase. As long
        | as you're not doing heavy development on these
        | maintenance releases, the company's cost should be very
        | small.
        | 
        | As a user-developer, I'd also be happy with being
        | provided the source (or un-linked object files, or the
        | equivalent for whatever language being used) after the
        | maintenance period was over, so I could continue applying
        | dependency security patches myself.
 
        | photonbeam wrote:
        | Because you sold a defective product
 
        | paulryanrogers wrote:
        | Depends on whether the bugs are because of preexisting
        | flaws or because the underlying platform has shifted. No
        | one can predict the future, and even OS vendors who once
        | took backward compatibility seriously may not in the
        | future.
 
        | ghaff wrote:
        | The design of MOST non-trivial products is refined over
        | time with no expectation that older versions will be
        | upgraded to the latest and greatest. Yes, material esp.
        | safety defects can lead to recalls but this is relatively
        | rare in the physical world.
 
      | scarface_74 wrote:
      | > Another benefit of software that doesn't change every
      | week is you can charge one time for it rather than these
      | awful subscription pricing that most software are switching
      | to.
      | 
      | How do you pay developers to continuously fix bugs, provide
      | security updates and update their software when the
      | underlying hardware and operating system changes?
 
        | JohnFen wrote:
        | > How do you pay developers to continuously fix bugs,
        | provide security updates and update their software when
        | the underlying hardware and operating system changes?
        | 
        | Have we really strayed so far that everyone's forgotten
        | how this is done? Security fixes and serious bug fixes
        | should always be free (At least going back N-1. You price
        | that work into the sale price to begin with), and you get
        | ongoing revenue by selling new versions.
 
        | scarface_74 wrote:
        | And if the person is happy with the current version "n"
        | that they were using, kept the same operating system
        | while you released n+1 and n+2 to stay compatible with
        | new operating systems then they decided to upgrade their
        | hardware and find out that their old software doesn't
        | work?
        | 
        | They will still need to buy a new version or should that
        | be free?
        | 
        | If the author of BBEdit never added a feature since 1991.
        | You would have still had to pay for new versions to run
        | on your PPC/Classic MacOS, OS X PPC, x86 Mac and now your
        | ARM Mac.
        | 
        | Back in the "good old days" MS Office cost $595 for each
        | version if you had a Mac and Windows PC.
        | 
        | Now it's $99/year for five users and you can run on your
        | Mac, Windows, iPad, iPhone, web, or Android device.
        | 
        | The same for Photoshop.
        | 
        | And you get continuous features added as the platform
        | vendor and software vendor add more capabilities.
 
        | swiftcoder wrote:
        | > and you get ongoing revenue by selling new versions
        | 
        | This works exactly up until the moment that your software
        | is good enough that most of your userbase stops paying to
        | upgrade. Then you are dead in the water, and the software
        | becomes abandonned by design.
 
        | Frafabowa wrote:
        | Obviously that's bad for businesses - but it's great for
        | consumers! I think the question that's being asked is if
        | there's some business model out there that delivers what
        | customers want (the ability to just buy a finished
        | product once and have it work decades down the line, like
        | "pass it down to your kids" long) while also delivering
        | profits to shareholders.
        | 
        | There's a reason farmers want the ability to repair their
        | own tractors without having to give John Deere an extra
        | cut, you know.
 
        | pc86 wrote:
        | > if there's some business model out there that delivers
        | what customers want ... while also delivering profits to
        | shareholders.
        | 
        | Of course there is, but that's why software in a box cost
        | hundreds or _thousands_ of dollars per version, with
        | minimal bug or security updates thereafter. The grass is
        | always greener, yeah it 's a pain in the ass having a ton
        | of $10/mo subscriptions. But I'd much rather have that -
        | as both a consumer _and_ a developer - than have $800
        | single-sale purchases.
 
        | scarface_74 wrote:
        | How is it good for consumers to have abandoned software
        | that is not compatible and never will be compatible with
        | newer operating systems?
        | 
        | Two decades ago, for instance Apple was still selling PPC
        | based Macs.
 
        | drbawb wrote:
        | You emulate the abandonware, old OS and all. She kicked
        | the habit recently, but my sister preferred Word 5.1 for
        | Mac for a long time. That was a 68k program, which she
        | dutifully used _on a PC_ while Apple was busy shipping
        | iOS on ARM and Mac OS on x86. The Centris 610 is very
        | tired, but the software still works. (Well, not the
        | original copy. Those install floppies are _very dead._ )
        | Software can be uniquely persistent, in a way physical
        | artifacts can't, so why are we so insistent on keeping
        | everyone on the upgrade treadmill?
        | 
        | George R.R. Martin pretty famously uses WordStar on DOS.
        | I can't imagine it'd be some win for consumers (either
        | Martin personally, or downstream enjoyers of his books)
        | if he had to be on the latest internet-connected, ad-
        | infested, notification-riddled copy of Windows just so
        | that his OS and Office Suite could repeatedly check to
        | make sure he still has an active subscription and a valid
        | "digital entitlement."
        | 
        | I still use Office 2010. (Though it gets increasingly
        | difficult to activate it, and it last received security
        | updates in 2020.) In 2010 I was using x86_64 (an Athlon
        | 64 X2), and today I'm using x86_64. Why should I upgrade?
        | It happens to still run on Windows 11, but I'd gladly
        | stuff it in a VM to continue using it. (I do use Office
        |  for work, so I can pretty confidently
        | say there is nothing worth paying for in there. The only
        | feature even remotely interesting is PowerQuery for
        | Excel, which is available as an add-in for Office 2010.)
 
        | scarface_74 wrote:
        | Well, my wife uses one my 5 user Office 365 subscription
        | licenses on her Mac. I use it on my iPad and phone. My
        | mom uses it on her Windows laptop and her iPad.
        | 
        | We each get 1TB of online storage.
        | 
        | Compare that to the $599 that Office for Mac use to cost
        | and that you could only use on one computer.
 
      | dcow wrote:
      | > Old, unchanged software is not obsolete. It's mature.
      | Bugfixes only, please.
      | 
      | This assumes a waterfall approach to development which
      | implies multiple 6 month to year long development cycles.
      | 
      | In reality, a mature stable project can receive monthly
      | updates, and an immature half-working project can be in
      | maintenance mode. Furthermore this may work for software
      | that should be seen and not heard doing its job in the
      | background without much user interaction, but for software
      | that users interact with regularly, the design needs to be
      | periodically refreshed to match current trends or users
      | will leave for the newer sexier product with fewer
      | features. We've seen this time and again. I have absolutely
      | experienced a mature product that was "finished"
      | (abandoned) like 4 OS version ago that just doesn't
      | run/work on the current OS version because the platform has
      | added new security controls, APIs, and/or UX expectations,
      | etc. No amount of security updates would fix that.
      | 
      | So while I understand where you're coming from opining for
      | a world where we ship mature software and security updates
      | only, I don't think it's remotely realistic given the way
      | humans operate.
 
        | JohnFen wrote:
        | > In reality, a mature stable project can receive monthly
        | updates
        | 
        | Software that gets frequent updates isn't "mature and
        | stable" by definition. It's constantly changing.
 
        | luluthefirst wrote:
        | In this context, stable means that it should not break,
        | not that it will not be updated anymore. The term for
        | what you are referring to is end-of-life.
 
        | dcow wrote:
        | > Software that gets frequent updates isn't "mature and
        | stable" by definition. It's constantly changing.
        | 
        | That's simply not universally true and it's incredibly
        | naive to try and assert that it is. Obviously there are
        | examples of immature unstable software that receives
        | monthly updates, but it's not a tautology that monthly
        | updates imply immaturity. You either don't work in
        | software or haven't really thought this through.
        | 
        | Stable means the software run reliably without major
        | issues and mature means it is a solution well adapted to
        | the problem domain and solves a problem with grace, tried
        | and true. Monthly updates might be "integrate support for
        | new technology/service (that didn't exist 6 months ago)"
        | or "support latest changes in macOS 14" or even "fix
        | issue that happens 0.01% of the time". _Other software
        | changes_ and you have to adapt, and no software ships bug
        | free. Being mature and stable means you have the time to
        | work on things that aren 't existential for your
        | product/business, like adding convenient support for some
        | sexy new service as a nice value bump or making sure
        | those 0.01% of your users aren't occasionally
        | encountering an annoying or frustrating issue.
 
      | ndriscoll wrote:
      | Even the security updates are often dubious. Software that
      | could be entirely local (with a system provided filesystem
      | backup/sync for data) adds "cloud" functionality so that it
      | can lock you into the SaaS subscription model, and now it's
      | got the network as an attack surface. It's self-justifying.
      | Even there though, it generally just talks to the vendor's
      | servers, and if you control the vendor's servers, you
      | probably have more direct attack routes than some http
      | client bug or some bug in an svg library that the vendor
      | uses for their logo.
      | 
      | "Security" patches are something only checklist-driven
      | corporate IT (i.e. people who can't consider use-case)
      | ought to care about. For individuals, they're mostly a
      | cudgel to justify abusive practices and should be ignored.
 
      | sanderjd wrote:
      | So, this is true:
      | 
      | > Too much software changes just to change.
      | 
      | But it doesn't imply this:
      | 
      | > I'd say at the very _most_ it needs security updates.
      | 
      | What the parent said about "security updates at the very
      | least" is correct, and _sometimes_ that happens to also be
      | the very most updates that should be made. And sometimes it
      | 's that but _a little bit more_. And sometimes it 's that
      | and _a lot more_.
      | 
      | The hard part is figuring out the right balance. And then,
      | figuring out how to staff in order to achieve that balance.
      | 
      | The "only security updates" approach turns out to be among
      | the hardest to figure out how to staff for. Because the
      | idea is that this software is essentially complete upon
      | release, so the natural business model is to sell it that
      | way, for a one-time fixed price. And then with that revenue
      | structure, the natural cost structure is to move all the
      | staffing to a new project (or to build these kinds of
      | products with project-based contracts to begin with).
      | 
      | But once you've accepted that you should at least be doing
      | updates for security (and I think this is correct in almost
      | all cases), well, now who is going to do those? You have a
      | recurring cost with a non-recurring revenue stream. You can
      | push down the recurring costs as far as possible, but
      | eventually this model just struggles to pencil out. At that
      | point, you'll probably decide to just stop all updates,
      | including security patches.
      | 
      | This phenomenon is why most people making software seek a
      | business model with a recurring revenue stream. It's not an
      | accident that the days of boxed software were also the days
      | of rampant insecurity.
      | 
      |  _But_ , you're totally right that the next step in this is
      | often, "well if we have to have ongoing staffing and
      | recurring revenue, we need something for them to do besides
      | maintenance, so let's do UI refreshes and metrics and stuff
      | I guess". It's a test of leadership, to avoid that
      | temptation. Better products have better leadership that is
      | making better decisions about when it makes sense to do
      | more on a product and when it makes sense to mostly leave
      | it be.
 
        | throwbadubadu wrote:
        | > "security updates at the very least" is correct, and
        | sometimes that happens to also be the very most updates
        | that should be made.
        | 
        | And a lot of those updates wouldn't be necessary of
        | software and tools wouldn't offer so much attack
        | surfaces, that they wouldn't need if they cared less
        | about those things as necessary features...
 
      | swiftcoder wrote:
      | The OS under your software is not static. MacOS programs
      | from 10 years ago rarely execute successfully. Windows
      | programs from 20 years ago might. Linux programs from 5
      | years ago mostly don't unless you have access to source
      | code (and a certain willingness to patch it yourself).
 
      | pksebben wrote:
      | > because developers gotta develop.
      | 
      | You're touching on the real problem, here. Software isn't
      | broken, it's just that the inherent issues in capital are
      | starting to become painfully clear in this context.
      | 
      | I've been trying to find a term for "behavior focused on
      | maintaining your job when the need wouldn't exist without
      | such behavior". It's kinda tangential to artificial
      | scarcity but broader in scope, and if we don't have a term
      | for it, we need one badly. So much of our society's
      | resources are committed to solving problems that don't
      | exist, because the actual problem is "you need money to
      | live and for whatever reason the thing you do in the place
      | and time you are isn't necessary or desired".
 
        | rifty wrote:
        | > I've been trying to find a term for "behavior focused
        | on maintaining your job when the need wouldn't exist
        | without such behavior"
        | 
        | The concept of self-preservation or calling it
        | superfluous self-preservation probably works here. But
        | perhaps saying auto-preservation conveys better the
        | sometimes lack of conscious intention that goes on in
        | these situations.
 
      | SoftTalker wrote:
      | On the other hand, the reality experienced by software
      | companies is that adding features is profitable. Joel
      | Spolsky talks about this in one of his old blog posts[1]:
      | "I can tell you that _nothing_ we have _ever_ done at Fog
      | Creek has increased our revenue more than releasing a new
      | version with more features. "
      | 
      | It makes sense though, if software companies could make
      | just as much money doing less work, they certainly would.
      | 
      | [1] https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2006/12/09/simplicity/
 
        | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
        | There's really nothing wrong with new features as long as
        | you understand that there's a certain subset of users who
        | don't want things to change. Maybe it's because people
        | are already trained on the current version, or they don't
        | want to have to upgrade machines just to run the new
        | feature set, or any of a thousand reasons you may not
        | have thought of.
        | 
        | And then there are the "upgrades" that try to force you
        | to pay more.
        | 
        | There was a dev tool that I purchased a couple years ago.
        | Don't remember the name. It was reasonably priced and
        | came with 1 year of support. A bit over a year later I
        | got a notification that they had put out an update, so I
        | downloaded it to take a look, only to find out that it
        | had deleted the version I had bought and my license
        | wouldn't transfer over. If I didn't now buy this new
        | version, not only could I not use it past the trial
        | period, but I'd lost the version I had before.
        | 
        | Yeah, I was pissed. And the company really had trouble
        | understanding _why_ I was so pissed off by this behavior.
        | I did finally find out where I could download the version
        | I had before, but there went my entire workday. And the
        | product that previously I would recommend became
        | something I cautioned people to avoid!
 
        | philistine wrote:
        | The subset of people who don't want things to change are
        | running which OS exactly? User interface is just like any
        | other artistic field: it has fashion trends. Look at
        | something that's been around forever and is still
        | developed: BBEdit. Yeah sure the app has not changed a
        | *ton*, but its changed more than you think. Many fads in
        | OS X design (like drawers) had to be implemented and
        | later removed.
        | 
        | Any successful piece of software cannot realistically
        | just stay still. It has to keep evolving with the trends
        | of user interface. The difficult part is doing it well.
        | BBEdit has managed it.
 
        | sophacles wrote:
        | >The subset of people who don't want things to change are
        | running which OS exactly?
        | 
        | All of them? Hell I hate it when things change in a way
        | that forces me to give them attention _now_ rather than
        | when I have time. Nothing worse than doing an update and
        | having to rework my flow, scripts, and code just to be
        | productive again. Let me choose when I update my tools,
        | don 't force it on me just because your UI team found an
        | even more complicated and torturous way to make simple
        | things ugly and hard - I have my own work to do.
 
        | newaccount74 wrote:
        | The problem is that you generally can't support yourself
        | by just selling to existing customers; you need to keep
        | selling to new customers.
        | 
        | And the market keeps evolving, so you need to evolve with
        | the market if you want to continue selling.
        | 
        | If you do it slowly enough, and cautiously, then existing
        | customers can adapt.
        | 
        | But if you stop updating your app, it's eventually going
        | to lose its appeal and will be forgotten.
 
        | jhbadger wrote:
        | I think this is kind of disproven by a feature that was
        | added to Microsoft Word in the 1990s (I don't think it is
        | still around, although I may be mistaken). It was called
        | "WordArt" and let the user do things like write the word
        | "shark" with the letters deformed so it looked like a
        | picture of a shark. Why would you want to do this? I have
        | no idea. It's just obvious that the people working on
        | Microsoft Word needed to add _something_ and just bug
        | fixes weren 't enough, I guess (although they still don't
        | have a reference management system which is why things
        | like EndNote still exist)
 
        | pmcp wrote:
        | I wonder if you are trolling or being serieus, because me
        | and literally everyone i know would use this feature
        | extensively. For powerpoints, school presentations,
        | birthday cards. 50% of the time I fired up Word, it would
        | be for that feature.
 
        | jhbadger wrote:
        | I seriously have never seen this used ever. But it sounds
        | like you are talking about children using it, which I
        | hadn't considered (I was already an adult in the 1990s).
 
        | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
        | Are you kidding? That would actually make presentations
        | fun again.
 
      | dunham wrote:
      | > I'd say at the very most it needs security updates.
      | 
      | and then you move the bar a little (although I agree):
      | 
      | > Bugfixes only, please.
      | 
      | I would also add updating to work with the current OS /
      | hardware. (I have unusable games that are a recompile away
      | from being usable.)
      | 
      | But I agree with the rest of your points. Especially when,
      | in addition to asking you to fund new features, the new
      | features make the app worse for your use cases.
      | 
      | However I don't know if the root cause is more accurately
      | described as "developers gotta develop" or "product
      | managers gotta produce".
 
        | ryandrake wrote:
        | Yea, I don't mean to target individual software
        | developers here. "Developers gotta develop" is commentary
        | on the entire industry, and all the contributors,
        | including developers, UI designers, product owners, QA,
        | executive sponsors. I remember hearing the saying
        | "Programmers are like beavers. Leave a beaver alone to
        | decide what to do and they'll just keep building dams,
        | regardless of the fact that their home is done." I don't
        | know if that's really true about beavers, but it's true
        | about software organizations. The whole software
        | development team will just continue working on the
        | software even long past the point where they're done.
 
        | JackMorgan wrote:
        | Software compatibility with current modern platforms is a
        | feature, and an owner of software isn't entitled to
        | forward compatibility any more than an owner of a car is
        | entitled to new parts as the old ones degrade.
        | 
        | Software degradation is much like hardware degradation:
        | it happens with time as underlying platforms change.
 
      | harpiaharpyja wrote:
      | Software "maintenance" is kind of a self-fulfilling
      | prophecy. It's not required to break the old in order to
      | make something new, but unchecked scope creep results in
      | what used to work not working anymore, and thus the
      | artificial need for maintenance.
 
      | paulddraper wrote:
      | The reason that desktop world existed is because computing
      | was very localized.
      | 
      | Now people use it in very interconnected ways.
 
      | chefandy wrote:
      | But interface updates _do_ meaningfully help many people.
      | 
      | Most people in engineering roles think the job is done when
      | the engineering is done, and the maintenance is unnecessary
      | unless it's necessary for stability or security. That's not
      | limited to software, either. The fact is, to the vast
      | majority of non-developer software users, an improved
      | workflow, more intuitive, or yes, even more attractive
      | interface makes more of a difference than moderate
      | performance upgrades or minor stability improvements.
      | 
      | To a developer, interfaces are a way to interact with with
      | software, like an API for humans. To everyone else, the
      | interface _is_ the software. Old interfaces are as or more
      | usable to _you_ because _you_ have a sophisticated mental
      | model of software and a high tolerance for logical
      | complexity. These dreaded designers ' profession is
      | figuring out how people who don't have those things can
      | most easily solve their problem with the tool you built.
      | 
      | Car controls would look a lot different if the engineers
      | maintained control over the available controls without
      | designer input. They might intuitively understand that the
      | array of controls that change fuel injection parameters
      | should only be used in certain instances, but they liked
      | having them _right there_ just in case. When told that they
      | 'd just confuse average drivers and should probably be
      | hidden, they might argue, "I explained to my 6 year old
      | nephew how more or less air can affect engine preformance."
      | Multiply that by the dozen internal systems they want to
      | control or get real time data from. A designer world
      | recognize that this would confuse most drivers for little
      | benefit and hide everything but the things most drivers
      | need to find and parse instantly... And they would be met
      | with the same heavy sighs and eyerolls that software
      | designers regularly get from developers.
      | 
      | Designers are in the organization because they can do
      | things that developers can't. They make developers work
      | vastly more useful to the world because the way someone
      | solves their problem is as or more important than it being
      | optimally solved using the smallest amount of available
      | resources with 5 9s of reliability instead of 3.
      | 
      | And that's why, in the overwhelming majority of cases, end-
      | user-facing commercial software with professionally
      | designed UIs and someone looking at UX on a whole will
      | dominate FOSS alternatives while tools targeted at
      | developers and other technical people do as well or better,
      | and the commercial equivalents.
 
        | squid_fm wrote:
        | Without solid designers most software would be completely
        | unusable to the majority of people.
        | 
        | It is really easy to get caught in the trap that YOU are
        | the end-user, but a couple user interviews will quickly
        | shatter that reality.
 
    | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
    | > otherwise it'll become obsolete within couple of years
    | 
    | I mean, sure, this is what all the software developers have
    | been saying...
    | 
    | In the meantime, I'm constantly seeing users, even here on
    | HN, complaining about how their favorite software tools are
    | changing. Users the world over annoyed at SaaS, and pining
    | for installable software that they can just put on a machine
    | and never have to worry about forced upgrades or annual
    | maintenance fees, etc., or even the convenience of not
    | needing an internet connection for it to work.
    | 
    | The software world has never been black and white. There are
    | product niches, and also use-case niches. You could probably
    | make a good business by choosing something that's only
    | available as SaaS and releasing a local-only version of it.
 
    | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
    | We build power electronics and our machines also have lots of
    | software in them. People that only work in software have no
    | idea what a difference a software bug is compared to a
    | hardware bug. Things we can solve in software means someone
    | remotes into the machine and goes home to their family at the
    | end of the day. Hardware problems usually means the engineer
    | goes home packs a bag, gets a plane ticket, is away from the
    | family for a week and hopefully we figured out remotely,
    | correctly what the real issue is. I did two transatlantic
    | flights this year because there was an issue with a >$5
    | component on a circuit board.
 
    | rightbyte wrote:
    | If your software need security maintainance it mostly has a
    | failed architecture from the get go.
    | 
    | Like 9/10 apps need no internet connectivity at all, unless
    | they are spyware of course, which most commercial apps are
    | nowadays.
 
      | johnny99k wrote:
      | "If your software need security maintainance it mostly has
      | a failed architecture from the get go."
      | 
      | There are plenty of open source libraries, that many
      | software developers used in their applications, that have
      | had to have security updates. No software will be 100%
      | secure.
      | 
      | "Like 9/10 apps need no internet connectivity at all"
      | 
      | This might have been true 10 years ago. Almost all apps
      | people want need internet connectivity.
 
        | rightbyte wrote:
        | Software that does not interact with remote computers is
        | 100% secure. You just got the risk when loading malicious
        | save files or what ever, but the floppy disk kind of
        | viruses is a whole other level of security risk and the
        | user need to load the files. It doesn't just happen (I
        | know some Windows computers could get infected by merely
        | plugging in some USB stick, but you get my point).
        | 
        | The whole connectivity thing is the fundamental problem.
        | Transferring files between devices have never been as
        | easy as during the floppy disk days. Usability is not the
        | driving factor behind forcing the internet into
        | everything.
 
    | TheMode wrote:
    | The problem then isn't that people refuse to pay for
    | software, but that it needs permanent maintenance. Feels like
    | a lot of busy-work.
 
    | underdeserver wrote:
    | Maintenance costs are (mostly) not marginal though - it's not
    | more expensive to maintain something if more users are using
    | it.
    | 
    | Take into account maintenance when pricing your software.
 
    | causi wrote:
    | _otherwise it 'll become obsolete within couple of years. At
    | the very least it must be patched up with newly discovered
    | security threats._
    | 
    | Only if it talks to the internet. I have plenty of software I
    | downloaded over a decade ago that has no internet access and
    | runs perfectly fine on Windows 11. Much of it is even older
    | than that. Just stop trying to cram social media integration
    | into your label-making program and it gets a lot easier.
 
      | paulddraper wrote:
      | > only if it talks to the internet
      | 
      | So.... Most software.
      | 
      | Agreed
 
        | JohnFen wrote:
        | Probably depends on the user, honestly. Most of the
        | software I use doesn't need to talk to the internet. A
        | lot of it _wants_ to, but that 's a different thing.
 
        | swiftcoder wrote:
        | It may be an unpopular opinion, but most of that software
        | should just live in the browser if it's actually reliant
        | on the cloud.
 
    | JohnFen wrote:
    | > The world is constantly changing and evolving, and software
    | has to keep up otherwise it'll become obsolete within couple
    | of years.
    | 
    | There's some truth to this, but I think this factor is
    | usually dramatically overstated. At least, most of the
    | software I use doesn't need to constantly change. The
    | majority of software updates I see are unnecessary, and many
    | of them are undesirable.
 
      | themadturk wrote:
      | A company I worked for 12 years ago was using a version of
      | Microsoft Navision (now Microsoft Dynamics or something).
      | They hadn't upgraded for several years. Upgrading would
      | have meant a bunch of workstations would have needed to use
      | newer versions of Windows beyond XP. Navision was largely
      | unsupported (only by a consultant, not by MS) and of course
      | the workstations were dangerously behind (yes, we were
      | definitely on the internet). But to the users and the owner
      | of the company, everything was working. We had very few
      | problems...EDI was coming in and going out, packages were
      | packed and shipped, inventory and accounting were up to
      | date. It felt to me like things were held together with
      | chewing gum and duct tape, and we were one hard drive
      | failure from disaster, but from the company's bottom line,
      | nothing was broken.
      | 
      | I left before they upgraded anything, and they're still in
      | business, so I guess it worked out. But it proves that not
      | everything has to change to continue to work.
 
    | zokier wrote:
    | > The most important of which is that software, just like
    | physical products, needs maintenance. The world is constantly
    | changing and evolving, and software has to keep up otherwise
    | it'll become obsolete within couple of years. At the very
    | least it must be patched up with newly discovered security
    | threats.
    | 
    | I feel this is largely being overstated point, or rather that
    | in reality majority of important patches for software is due
    | shoddy quality of it originally rather than external changes.
    | Most security issues are rehashes of common well-known
    | attacks rather than completely novel discoveries. Especially
    | on desktop the platform churn is pretty low, windows happily
    | runs like decades old binaries, and on Linux desktop we have
    | this one major breakage happening that is Wayland but
    | otherwise well-written decades old code is at least source
    | compatible if not binary compatible (although even that is
    | not that far-fetched...).
 
  | shon wrote:
  | Software margins are good, especially compared to physical
  | things. However, the marginal cost is far from zero. It scales
  | with # and variety of users. Today, all software comes with
  | complex dependencies.
  | 
  | Take for example any mobile app. Apps require constant upgrades
  | to keep up with the hardware and software changes on the
  | platforms. You can't just build an iPhone app and leave it
  | alone to be enjoyed by people. I've tried, within a year or two
  | there will be changes that require developer work, if you don't
  | keep it maintained, it will start to crash and function poorly,
  | Apple, for example, tracks everything and will start with de-
  | boosting search results for your app and end with removing it
  | from the platform entirely.
  | 
  | Google is the same. I've tried, I built a Top 25 RPG and got
  | busy with other things. It went from Top 25 to deplatformed in
  | less 5 years because unmaintained software just doesn't work in
  | most cases today.
  | 
  | Software is more complex now. All software is a conglomeration
  | of lots of other software: frameworks, platform tools,
  | libraries, APIs, etc.
  | 
  | Another example: Flash
  | 
  | Another example: All the AI software being written on top of
  | the OpenAI API will be broken in a year or two as they roll new
  | versions of the API and deprecate the old.
  | 
  | Software doesn't just work anymore. The platform that executes
  | it is constantly changing.
 
    | david422 wrote:
    | > You can't just build an iPhone app and leave it alone to be
    | enjoyed by people. I've tried, within a year or two there
    | will be changes that require developer work, if you don't
    | keep it maintained, it will start to crash and function
    | poorly
    | 
    | My favorite is when a new Apple update breaks your app, so
    | you identify where the issue is and make a small update, but
    | now Apple rejects your update because of some other arbitrary
    | guidelines it's changed, so you then have to start down that
    | rabbit hole.
 
    | JohnFen wrote:
    | > Software doesn't just work anymore. The platform that
    | executes it is constantly changing.
    | 
    | It depends on the software. But where this is true, it's not
    | because of some innate nature of software, it's because of
    | business decisions software companies have made.
 
  | hinkley wrote:
  | This logic has always bothered me a little and I've never
  | understood why, until recently.
  | 
  | The fact of marginal cost results in a lot of software being
  | written that otherwise never would have been. After all, the
  | difficulty of solving a problem for myself often doesn't offset
  | the trouble of making a reusable solution. It's only through
  | having other people use it or pay for it that it becomes
  | worthwhile.
  | 
  | Randall Munroe's chart is incomplete because it thinks too
  | locally.
 
  | cscheid wrote:
  | > Software has no marginal cost.
  | 
  | Maybe you've never experienced the difference between writing
  | software for 1000 people and writing software for 1M people, or
  | (I imagine) 1B. The marginal per-person cost of software is not
  | on shipping. It's on "what kind of weird shit will I now have
  | to do because 1M is a lot of chances for my software to break
  | weirdly, and people have paid for it"
  | 
  | > You don't have to worry about quality control and returns.
  | 
  | You don't have to worry about quality control and returns if
  | you don't care about quality control or returns.
 
    | therealdrag0 wrote:
    | I suspect it's less about chances to break due to dice rolls
    | and more chances to not meet the feature/requirements that
    | change based on varying contexts of users, which create a lot
    | of legal and integration and reqs which require lots of code
    | and maintenance.
 
    | chromoblob wrote:
    | As N of people - [?], chances for software to break - finite
    | maximum. And for good enough software you should consider
    | that maximum already regardless of the number of users.
 
      | cscheid wrote:
      | > And for good enough software you should consider that
      | maximum already for any number of users.
      | 
      | I don't believe such software exists. (And, to be clear,
      | I'm writing from direct, day-job experience.)
      | 
      | EDIT: I take it back. SQLite, cURL. Maybe.
      | 
      | EDIT2: I can't reply to the SEL4 response, so here goes.
      | I'm a huge fan of verification tools, but consider the
      | Spectre class of bugs. Verification is always done wrt a
      | mathematical model that you've defined after inspecting the
      | world and writing down the properties you want to track.
      | But the world changes, and the chance that the world
      | changes increases with the number of users of your
      | software. That's the nature of the beast.
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | seL4 is a formally verified OS kernel.
        | https://sel4.systems/About/
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | Spectre is a bug in the processor, not in the software. I
        | agree that when you're stuck with unfinalized buggy
        | processors, adding mitigations in software is reasonable.
        | But the processor could be finalized too.
        | 
        | When I had a reply I couldn't reply to, I opened the
        | reply separately in a new tab, and there I could reply to
        | it, try this.
 
        | cscheid wrote:
        | > Spectre is a bug in the processor, not in the software.
        | 
        | It's a bug in the processor that causes a bug in the
        | software. It's not a bug in your idealized mathematical
        | model, but try telling that to the people who paid you
        | not to leak private keys.
        | 
        | I see my job as an engineer to be to create a product
        | that satisfies the user's expectations (which in this
        | case are eminently reasonable). It matters not one bit
        | that I can point the finger to the chipmakers. I'm still
        | selling something that I now learned doesn't do what I
        | said it would. It's still on me to fix it the best I can.
        | If I care about the product quality, that is.
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | The program must not show bugs when run on a hardware
        | with unforeseeable bugs, you call this reasonable?
 
        | thfuran wrote:
        | If you buy a car and the airbags randomly deploy, would
        | you consider it reasonable for the manufacturer to
        | respond "oh, yeah, that'll happen if you drive it on
        | roads rougher than polished stainless steel. You should
        | only be driving on polished roadways"?
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | If this requirement was known to me before I bought,
        | sure.
        | 
        | I think that this is a bad analogy to hardware, though.
        | Polished steel roads are unreasonable to ask for, but
        | bugless processors are reasonable to ask for.
 
        | thfuran wrote:
        | No, they aren't. You can only buy the buggy processors
        | that exist, not notional bugless ones.
 
        | cscheid wrote:
        | And yet that's what every good engineer did when Spectre
        | came out. Same with the Pentium fdiv bugs, and same with
        | a host of microcode bugs that come up all the time.
        | 
        | Not my business to decide what you think is reasonable.
        | That's just what happens in the world, and what (in my
        | view) good engineers sign up for.
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | The choice is between letting hardware be not finalized
        | and letting that force software to be non-finalizable,
        | and letting software be finalizable and forcing the
        | hardware to be finalized too. I like latter more.
        | Finalized hardware is better by itself as well.
 
        | cscheid wrote:
        | > The choice
        | 
        | What choice? I have to fix bugs today as they come.
 
        | ChadNauseam wrote:
        | We would all like bug-free hardware, but we won't get it
        | and our job is to write good software in the environment
        | we were given
 
        | chromoblob wrote:
        | > we won't get it
        | 
        | Why do you think so?
 
      | hinkley wrote:
      | An important philosophical observation is that in a world
      | of 7 billion people, "miracles" are happening to thousands
      | of people every day.
      | 
      | I'm software we deal more with curses than miracles. Those
      | happen every day too.
 
    | ysavir wrote:
    | That's applicable to websites, where you have to handle
    | requests from all your users, and more users means more
    | requests to handle.
    | 
    | But if we're talking about plain old regular software,
    | something that needs no server to operate, and functions
    | perfectly fine offline, something like, say, Photoshop, how
    | different is the impact on the manufacturer when the software
    | is used by 1k users, 1M users, and 1B users?
    | 
    | Yes, having 1M or 1B users means more opportunities for the
    | bugs to surface and for people do be upset with the product.
    | But do those scenarios impact the quality of the product for
    | other users? Does they introduce unseen costs to the
    | manufacturer? Do they make the product unprofitable or
    | unsuccessful in anyway? Or does it mean that the manufacturer
    | will have to refund 0.1% of their sales, and only benefit
    | from the 99.9% of sales where the product worked as expected?
 
      | hinkley wrote:
      | Even when customers run software on their own machines, you
      | have to deal with bugs that only occur in rare occasions
      | because your giant user base finds them all. Plus now
      | you're running in unknowable environments that you have to
      | debug via telephone (the object or the children's game or
      | both).
 
      | raisedbyninjas wrote:
      | Beyond bugs, scaling your MVP to 1B users will mean
      | expanding your userbase beyond English speaking Americans.
      | This requires upgrades to internationalization,
      | accessibility, possibly compliance with international laws
      | and 3rd party licensing changes per region. Multilingual
      | support staff and international payments processing. With a
      | userbase this large, expect to be sued by people around the
      | world, so you'll need region-specific legal services. Some
      | of these issues just require money and non-technical staff
      | and don't directly impact the user experience aside from
      | diverting resources away from building features and fixing
      | bugs for your original userbase.
 
        | ndriscoll wrote:
        | There are apparently 2B English speakers in the world, so
        | you could in principle get away with no
        | internationalization and have 1B users. The other things
        | are more a cost of operating a multi-national business,
        | and not a marginal cost of the software as such. You
        | could also in principle scale to ~300M users (or ~100M
        | households) without worrying about international issues
        | by sticking to the US only.
 
        | TheCoelacanth wrote:
        | Just because someone speaks some English, doesn't mean
        | that they wouldn't prefer to use software in their native
        | language.
        | 
        | Try selling English-only software in Europe and you
        | generally won't get very far.
 
        | ysavir wrote:
        | Sure, but these aren't business model problems, they're
        | business growth problems. The concern wasn't how to find
        | 1B users in the world (and what do you have to do to get
        | their money), it's whether scaling to 1B users inherently
        | breaks the product, not just for individual users, but
        | for all users.
        | 
        | If a company was only able to sell 2.6M copies of their
        | digital software before running to expansion problems...
        | good for them! That's a lot of sales and they probably
        | made a great deal off of those sales. Sure, they can grow
        | to 1B users, but they don't have to. There's no
        | requirement for them to do that other than _choosing_ to
        | expand into those markets, and that 's strictly optional.
        | The business model is doing fine, there's no need to
        | adopt a recurring payment system for ongoing maintenance.
        | 
        | And let's be honest, even if they do choose to expand
        | into those other markets, the cost to convert the
        | existing product to work in those markets is most likely
        | less than the money they'll earn from selling in those
        | markets, so... is there really a need for recurring
        | payments to support maintenance? Will one-payment sale
        | structures inherently fail to make the product profitable
        | in a given market?
 
        | hinkley wrote:
        | You can tell the people who have never run a business or
        | have worked at one small enough that they see everything.
        | Support staff are not free. Project managers and
        | salespeople can't keep up with meetings and start
        | sprouting assistants and coworkers. Customers are
        | expensive, especially upset customers. So then the
        | developers have to spend a lot more time making sure
        | customers don't get upset.
 
      | cscheid wrote:
      | > how different is the impact on the manufacturer when the
      | software is used by 1k users, 1M users, and 1B users?
      | 
      | _very different_, when the user's environment is different.
      | And 1) you haven't seen shit if you think you can perfectly
      | control the user's environment. 2) every new user is a
      | chance for the environment to bite you.
      | 
      | > Do they make the product unprofitable or unsuccessful in
      | anyway?
      | 
      | You do your engineer best to try and fight that. But
      | there's absolutely a marginal cost, which is what I was
      | responding to.
 
        | ysavir wrote:
        | > _very different_, when the user's environment is
        | different. And 1) you haven't seen shit if you think you
        | can perfectly control the user's environment. 2) every
        | new user is a chance for the environment to bite you.
        | 
        | Can you provide some examples of this? I'd like more info
        | here, because off of the top of my head, I can think of
        | the following counter-examples:
        | 
        | 1. This isn't a new problem. User environment has been an
        | issue ever since software as an industry was born.
        | Specifying minimum specs is a pretty typical thing. And
        | while I don't have depth of knowledge on these challenges
        | or their history, my understanding is that it's only
        | become less of a factor over time. So why is digital
        | software different in this regard? If the industry was
        | able to sustain itself before it went digital, what about
        | the change to digital makes it unsustainable now?
        | 
        | 2. Computer games, which are probably a good candidate
        | for the most resource-heavy programs that need an
        | appropriate environment, still largely adhere to a pay
        | once business model. Doesn't this indicate that offline
        | experiences aren't affected by environment to such a
        | degree that a single payment business model isn't
        | problematic?
        | 
        | > You do your engineer best to try and fight that. But
        | there's absolutely a marginal cost, which is what I was
        | responding to.
        | 
        | It surely has a marginal cost. But is that cost
        | significant, is the question. In particular, significant
        | enough to warrant a recurring payment business model.
 
        | cscheid wrote:
        | > It surely has a marginal cost. But is that cost
        | significant, is the question. In particular, significant
        | enough to warrant a recurring payment business model.
        | 
        | I think you're assuming more of my answer than what I
        | gave. That's fair given that this is the point of the
        | article, but it's not mine. I'm very specifically only
        | responding to "is there a per-user marginal cost on
        | software?", and my answer is most definitely yes.
        | 
        | To warrant a recurring payment business model, I think
        | the right question to ask is "Is there a per user-year
        | marginal cost on software?", and now the answer is in my
        | view, much more complicated and domain-specific. Worse
        | yet, I think that there's perverse incentives at play
        | here in recurring payments.
 
        | ysavir wrote:
        | > I think you're assuming more of my answer than what I
        | gave. That's fair given that this is the point of the
        | article, but it's not mine. I'm very specifically only
        | responding to "is there a per-user marginal cost on
        | software?", and my answer is most definitely yes.
        | 
        | Fair, but I feel it's disingenuous to ignore the context
        | the original comment was written in (the context of the
        | article) and try to argue against a specific point in the
        | post as if it was made without that original context. The
        | sentence may have lacked inherent context, but it was
        | supporting the key points the GP was making in response
        | to the article. It wasn't designed to stand alone.
        | 
        | Given, I'm not the author of that post so entirely
        | possible they _were_ intending for it to stand alone, but
        | I think it would still be better to see if that was
        | intent rather than to assume so and antagonize what they
        | were saying.
 
      | thfuran wrote:
      | >But if we're talking about plain old regular software,
      | something that needs no server to operate, and functions
      | perfectly fine offline
      | 
      | The main product at work is a desktop application. That
      | means that every OS version / hardware configuration of
      | every platform that any user might install it on can have
      | its own bugs. It means that we support multiple major
      | versions rather than being able to just always deploy the
      | latest version. It means that a user might want to have
      | multiple versions of the software installed side-by-side on
      | the same machine. It doesn't change the fact that more
      | users means more use cases.
 
      | mschuster91 wrote:
      | > But do those scenarios impact the quality of the product
      | for other users?
      | 
      | Absolutely. Anything involving internationalization is an
      | open invitation for _very_ weird edge cases. Some languages
      | (Hebrew!) are written right-to-left, some require more than
      | one byte to store (Japanese, Chinese), time formats and
      | time zones vary, some write currencies with the symbol in
      | the front (US dollar) and some at the end (Euro).
      | 
      | If all your testing was done by Americans speaking English,
      | the only thing you may stumble upon is timezones. If you're
      | in Europe, timezones won't be much of an issue (as almost
      | everyone is on CET), but you may find out that, whoops,
      | Windows localizes certain path elements like C:\Users.
      | 
      | On top of that, a constant pain point in support is
      | displays. Most Windows users are on a 1080p screen on their
      | laptop, but may plug in their new 4K monitor and notice
      | that your UI is completely illegible because it doesn't
      | respect DPI settings. Or you thought you supported variable
      | DPI, but never planned on a user stretching your window
      | across two screens with different DPI settings. Or monitors
      | use different color profiles or gamma settings and users
      | complaining about that.
 
    | hinkley wrote:
    | Software has a somewhat inverse relationship to scale as
    | manufacturing. For manufacturing the first one costs
    | millions, and each one after costs hundreds for a time. As
    | you get better you winnow away the equipment or maintenance
    | costs and prices drop.
    | 
    | Software use cases experience combinatorics, and almost all
    | useful algorithms have log(n) runtime. Even when Knuth says
    | they are O(1), physics or EE say he's wrong. There are no
    | economies of scale. Racks don't get cheaper when you run out
    | of network ports. Cooling doesn't get cheaper when you run
    | out of roof. Things that failed one time in a million calls
    | now happen every hour instead of twice a month, and actually
    | have to be fixed.
    | 
    | It's death by a million cuts.
 
  | j45 wrote:
  | Software can be easier than physical products if kept simple,
  | because the complexity arrives on it's own anyways.
  | 
  | Each line of code is a burden of future maintenance.
 
  | sharemywin wrote:
  | This completely ignores the cost of support.
  | 
  | - How does this feature work?
  | 
  | - How does the software do this?
  | 
  | - you said it does this and it doesn't why?
  | 
  | - can make the software do this?
  | 
  | Each one of these questions cost money to answer and needs
  | someone to hand hold the user. especially if they are a non-
  | technical business user.
 
  | supportengineer wrote:
  | In software you can make an excellent product and still fail,
  | sadly.
 
  | pjc50 wrote:
  | The problem with software's non-physical nature is that it has
  | runaway market dominance issues. Software, especially software
  | that interacts with other software, tends to be _either_ open-
  | source maintained by a  "community" _or_ a thinly veiled world
  | domination plan.
 
    | prepend wrote:
    | That's a feature, not a bug, I think.
    | 
    | Low barrier to entry is really important for new software. So
    | it's this struggle with some orgs trying to increase lock-in
    | (Microsoft, Oracle, etc) and a constant stream of new
    | products taking off, dominating the world, and getting
    | knocked off themselves.
 
  | amelius wrote:
  | > Software is easier to produce, sell, and distribute than any
  | physical product.
  | 
  | This is exactly why people should pay for software: consumption
  | of physical goods destroys the planet. Money spent on software
  | can't be spent on destroying the environment.
  | 
  | Ban ads*, make people pay for content and software and save the
  | planet. Win-win-win.
  | 
  | * most of them anyways
 
  | davidw wrote:
  | Software is mostly a non-rivalrous good:
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalry_(economics) although it
  | becomes a little bit more that way when it's hosted, rather
  | than distributed via downloads or something, depending on the
  | load it puts on a server.
  | 
  | It is excludable, but more so with SaaS type things:
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability
 
  | scarface_74 wrote:
  | > still blows my mind how much easier it is to run a business
  | that deals with bytes instead of atoms
  | 
  | That must be why most software startups succeed.
 
  | bob1029 wrote:
  | > In software the hard part is making an excellent product
  | 
  | I'd argue in _all domains_ , the hard part is making an
  | excellent product.
  | 
  | There are virtually zero real-world constraints you can
  | leverage as excuses in the domain of software, other than the
  | original idea was bad or you have really bad people around the
  | idea. Most of the software ideas I have encountered in my
  | career are fantastic. It's not hard to describe what a high
  | quality product experience is like if you are a domain expert
  | and have suffered the gauntlet for 30+ years. The part that
  | always seems to go straight to hell is the implementation of
  | the idea.
  | 
  | I suspect most software projects go bad because there are too
  | many layers of separation between participants. In physical
  | products, substantially more direct interaction is required to
  | get things done. With software products, you can isolate
  | everyone into different multiverses as long as they are pushing
  | PRs to the same GitHub repo (and sometimes not even the repo is
  | shared...). Over time, these silos ultimately ruin any sense of
  | ownership and quality in the product.
  | 
  | It is quite tragic - while on one hand software is the most
  | accessible form of human enterprise ever, it is also the
  | easiest to do wrong. Having no constraints seems like win-win
  | at first, but it is absolutely a double-edged sword. In my
  | view, the best software company CTOs are the ones who
  | intentionally add as many artificial constraints as they can to
  | the technology and process. Do more with less. Force lateral
  | thinking. Make the product people go back to the customer and
  | say things like "we actually can't do that because of a
  | technology policy" instead of pretending like an unlimited
  | infinity of things is always possible.
 
  | icepat wrote:
  | > You don't have to worry about quality control
  | 
  | I'm not sure exactly what you mean by this, as a large part of
  | software development is QA testing, and validation. Which is a
  | form of quality control.
 
    | dboreham wrote:
    | Parent means quality control in the context of the supply
    | chain. Still wrong imho, since you need to at least maintain
    | a zip file in someone's CDN, and those folks have to maintain
    | their CDN QoS.
 
    | labcomputer wrote:
    | When you manufacture the physical widget, manufacturing
    | tolerances mean that not every widget is the same. There are
    | variations in the as-produced widgets.
    | 
    | You need a QA/QC process to identify units which are too far
    | out of tolerance and either remove them from the pipeline or
    | remediate them. You also need to track trends in the measured
    | tolerances to proactively fix your production equipment.
    | 
    | In the software world, that's trivially easy. Your CI pipe
    | publishes an artifact and then every user gets a bit-perfect
    | copy of that artifact. Your entire QC is just: Users compare
    | the artifact's checksum to the expected checksum. It
    | essentially always matches because we use things like TCP to
    | copy the data.
    | 
    | The type of QA you're talking about is also required for
    | physical widgets.
 
  | chinchilla2020 wrote:
  | Yes. Software is a low-capital business and many people in tech
  | don't want to believe it.
  | 
  | A few offices, macbooks, and data center space is very cheap
  | compared to building a manufacturing plant.
  | 
  | On the other side, what tech people understand that the general
  | public does not... is that software has a healthy dose of
  | maintenance and operational costs when it scales. Not a
  | _massive_ cost, but higher than zero - which is what most MBAs
  | think the maintenance cost is.
 
  | gmerc wrote:
  | In an industry full of unchecked monopolists, piracy takes the
  | role of providing the a reasonable price ceiling at which
  | people switch away from bad but monopolized products
 
| the_lonely_road wrote:
| I usually consider myself a decently smart individual but damnit
| this has me questioning that...
| 
| I read through your landing page and your how-it-works page and I
| am still...confused. That it ends on a hand wavey "we haven't
| solved this part yet" statement does not inspire confidence.
| 
| As best I can tell you are going to take a lot of open software
| and gatekeep it behind a paywall but each user only has to pay
| once...to someone...and then they can access all of the software
| behind that gate. So you are trying to make an ecosystem of
| software that can only be accessed by people that have paid some
| money at least once?
 
  | lnxg33k1 wrote:
  | I considered myself normal functioning, but after reading the
  | landing page I think a few braincells just hanged themselves
 
| robalni wrote:
| This is my project, so if you have questions, I can answer them
| in this thread.
 
  | nebulous1 wrote:
  | I feel like the overall system should be clearer. For instance
  | it's not clear how the developers get credits or whether
  | developer accounts are somehow authenticated as representing a
  | genuine entity.
  | 
  | In the opening statement of the site the idea of merely
  | trusting the user without copy protection is completely
  | ignored, but without more details it's not clear if the
  | proposed system is any better.
 
  | rifty wrote:
  | - What do you expect open source developers to charge at
  | minimum for access to the catalog in order to make this make
  | sense to do at all?
  | 
  | If people subscribe once and access everything, it seems like
  | they'd need to charge a lot to make it a worthwhile co-op to
  | participate in. It feels like the amount they would have to
  | charge would become pretty financially restrictive to access
  | the code and not in the interests of someone who wanted to open
  | source in the first place...
  | 
  | - How does this handle the scenario of a developer
  | disappearing?
  | 
  | Does everyone who had access through that developer continue to
  | have access?
  | 
  | It seems since payment processing is handled by individual
  | developers, no longer would people have to pay for access to
  | the whole catalog. Does this now mean over the long term you
  | are handling an ever increase supply of people with access who
  | do not pay but can transfer their access to others for free?
  | 
  | - How does this handle the scenario of developers with
  | subscribers who are supposed to pay a reoccurring payment but
  | have stopped?
  | 
  | Does the developer have the ability to remove access to the
  | catalog from specific subscribers?
  | 
  | If the developers have the ability to remove subscribers at
  | will, doesn't this disincentivize paying at all because paying
  | gives you no security in your access you just bought? What is
  | your plan to arbitrate this without access to primary payment
  | information to confirm who is right?
  | 
  | - It seems like although decentralized, this approximates to
  | the journal model but for code? Is this your intention?
 
    | robalni wrote:
    | > - What do you expect open source developers to charge at
    | minimum for access to the catalog in order to make this make
    | sense to do at all?
    | 
    | > If people subscribe once and access everything, it seems
    | like they'd need to charge a lot to make it a worthwhile co-
    | op to participate in.
    | 
    | I have thought about this a bit and yes, when this thing
    | grows, the subscriptions will be worth more and more. I
    | haven't really done any calculations though because it's
    | really hard to know what things will be like. Anyway, let's
    | try one:
    | 
    | Let's say there are 100 developers (individuals) and a
    | developer wants $4000 per month. Then if we want a
    | subscription to be $5 per month or maybe we could allow it to
    | be $10, the number of subscribers per developer would have to
    | be 100 * 4000 / 10 / 100 or just 4000/10 = 400. So I guess as
    | long as the number of subscribers are a few hundreds times
    | more than the number of developers (individuals), it could
    | work.
    | 
    | > - How does this handle the scenario of a developer
    | disappearing?
    | 
    | Interesting question; I have not thought about that.
    | Developers register and unregister the subscriptions so
    | hopefully they would unregister their subscriptions before
    | they disappear. If they don't do that, it could be forced by
    | the system but there would have to be rules about that then
    | so everybody knows what will happen.
    | 
    | > Does the developer have the ability to remove access to the
    | catalog from specific subscribers?
    | 
    | Yes, they can register and unregister subscriptions as much
    | as they want.
    | 
    | > If the developers have the ability to remove subscribers at
    | will, doesn't this disincentivize paying at all because
    | paying gives you no security in your access you just bought?
    | What is your plan to arbitrate this without access to primary
    | payment information to confirm who is right?
    | 
    | That is between the buyer and the seller. If you buy
    | something and you don't get what you bought, you would try to
    | solve that with the seller. Of cource people can complain to
    | 1Sub too and then maybe the other developers will lose trust
    | in that developer and they can be kicked out.
    | 
    | > - It seems like although decentralized, this approximates
    | to the journal model but for code? Is this your intention?
    | 
    | I have not thought much about the journal model but I can see
    | how this is similar. My main vision has been tax that
    | everyone who wants to be a citizen pays so that they then can
    | enjoy things that are not sold directly to people.
 
  | Kinrany wrote:
  | Why would developers use this over just asking for money?
  | 
  | What are you going to do about people asking for 1 cent to join
  | the network?
 
    | robalni wrote:
    | > Why would developers use this over just asking for money?
    | 
    | More people should want to pay if they use this system
    | because if you just ask for money, you either don't give
    | anything in return (donations) or you give access to your
    | stuff, but with this system, the user gets access to
    | everything that uses this system.
    | 
    | > What are you going to do about people asking for 1 cent to
    | join the network?
    | 
    | Developers can sell subscriptions for 1 cent but since they
    | have a limited number of subscriptions to sell, they will not
    | make a lot of money that way.
    | 
    | If you mean 1 cent to join as a developer, that is free; it's
    | about trust. This should be a cooperation between developers
    | who trust each other.
 
      | Kinrany wrote:
      | > limited number of subscriptions to sell
      | 
      | Oh, I don't remember the website mentioning this. How does
      | this work, and what are the implications?
 
        | robalni wrote:
        | > Oh, I don't remember the website mentioning this. How
        | does this work, and what are the implications?
        | 
        | You can read about it here (bottom):
        | https://1sub.dev/about/how-it-works
        | 
        | It means that there is a supply/demand that influences
        | what price the subscriptions can be sold for. Developers
        | have a limited number of "credits" that can be turned
        | into subscriptions. They can get more credits by making
        | people subscribe through their links. There is also a
        | plan that the credits will be multiplied and grow with
        | time in order to keep the prices on a sane level.
 
  | bronxpockfabz wrote:
  | > As a developer you sell subscriptions independently; you set
  | the price, handle the money and do all of the interactions with
  | the customer. Then you register the subscription in the system
  | by using a simple API.
  | 
  | What prevents me, as a rogue actor, from just adding all my
  | mates to the database without them paying me anything? Would
  | they get access to all other software from the developers who
  | take part in this affair?
 
    | robalni wrote:
    | > What prevents me, as a rogue actor, from just adding all my
    | mates to the database without them paying me anything? Would
    | they get access to all other software from the developers who
    | take part in this affair?
    | 
    | If you are not a trusted developer in the system then the API
    | key prevents you.
    | 
    | If you are a trusted developer, then you can give away as
    | many subscriptions for free as you like but you only have a
    | limited number of subscriptions to sell so you will not make
    | as much money that way.
 
  | rokhayakebe wrote:
  | So someone can subscribe to a 0.99/month product and use
  | several 19.99/month products?
 
    | robalni wrote:
    | > So someone can subscribe to a 0.99/month product and use
    | several 19.99/month products?
    | 
    | Yes, a developer can sell the subscriptions for very cheap
    | but then they will probably quickly run out of subscriptions
    | (there is a limited number) and then wish they had sold them
    | for more.
    | 
    | Also, the subscription is not really tied to any product;
    | think of it more as a subscription to free software in
    | general, that can be sold by different resellers (the
    | developers).
 
  | spuz wrote:
  | The whole website is very confusing. Why would a user want to
  | subscribe to only one developer? Why does subscribing to one
  | developer give access to all developers? Why not put yourself
  | in the middle and offer a subscription to "1Sub.dev" and give
  | users the same benefits?
  | 
  | What does it mean to "give access to downloads and other
  | resources"? What kind of downloads and resources?
  | 
  | Can you give some examples of services that exist that you
  | think don't work well enough?
 
    | robalni wrote:
    | > Why would a user want to subscribe to only one developer?
    | 
    | Subscribing to one is easier than subscribing to many. There
    | is less friction and the user gets more for that
    | subscription.
    | 
    | > Why does subscribing to one developer give access to all
    | developers?
    | 
    | All developers (and everyone else) can add subscription
    | checks to whatever they like that will let only subscribers
    | pass.
    | 
    | > Why not put yourself in the middle and offer a subscription
    | to "1Sub.dev" and give users the same benefits?
    | 
    | Then they would all have to pay me. I don't want that.
    | Someone could have something against paying me. Maybe the
    | payment methods I offer doesn't work for someone.
    | Distributing payments seems like the only right thing to do.
    | 
    | > What does it mean to "give access to downloads and other
    | resources"? What kind of downloads and resources?
    | 
    | It could be anything. Here is an example of a paywall for
    | this comments page that will only let subscribers follow the
    | link:                   https://1sub.dev/link?u=https://news.
    | ycombinator.com/item?id%3D&s=p_GonuAYEe0&k=&n=hK5ZOXymlHi5s2E
    | s&a=a.18
    | 
    | > Can you give some examples of services that exist that you
    | think don't work well enough?
    | 
    | I don't know what kind of services you mean.
 
      | spuz wrote:
      | I'm very confused about how the distributed payment system
      | would work. How much would a subscription cost for a user
      | and how much would a developer see of that?
      | 
      | > I don't know what kind of services you mean.
      | 
      | You write on your website: "Why this is better than the
      | alternatives"
      | 
      | If you could give examples of the alternatives that you
      | think don't work then it might be helpful to see how your
      | service differs from those.
 
        | robalni wrote:
        | > I'm very confused about how the distributed payment
        | system would work. How much would a subscription cost for
        | a user and how much would a developer see of that?
        | 
        | Developers could sell subscriptions for any price they
        | want. They have a limited number of subscriptions they
        | can sell so there is a supply/demand that influences the
        | price. Users buy directly from the developers so they
        | would get 100% of the money (minus possible transaction
        | fees depending on payment method).
        | 
        | > If you could give examples of the alternatives that you
        | think don't work then it might be helpful to see how your
        | service differs from those.
        | 
        | The alternatives are mainly the ones listed on the page
        | above: buying things from developers in the usual way and
        | donating. There are also other systems that work in a
        | more centralized way where you pay the system that then
        | distributes the money to the creators and this system
        | differs from all of those in that it doesn't handle any
        | money.
        | 
        | If you want an example, there is liberapay.com that seems
        | to be donations with centralized payments. My system
        | tries to be better than that because:
        | 
        | - Payments are less voluntary because you get access to
        | stuff when you pay.
        | 
        | - Payments are decentralized so there can be more freedom
        | of choice in how you pay.
 
    | Kinrany wrote:
    | > Why not put yourself in the middle and offer a subscription
    | to "1Sub.dev" and give users the same benefits?
    | 
    | That's simple, decentralized networks are better than
    | platforms and this thing has no need for centralization
 
| deafpolygon wrote:
| Pirating and 'illegal' copies of software is not what's impacting
| your bottom line.
 
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