[HN Gopher] Full ignition for ESA's reusable rocket engine
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Full ignition for ESA's reusable rocket engine
 
Author : ZacnyLos
Score  : 125 points
Date   : 2023-06-23 16:06 UTC (6 hours ago)
 
web link (www.esa.int)
w3m dump (www.esa.int)
 
| Proven wrote:
| [dead]
 
| cgeier wrote:
| Question for the space nerds: how impressive is this?
 
  | ericd wrote:
  | According to the wikipedia article (
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_(rocket_engine) ),
  | they're aiming for 3-5 reuses, which I believe is significantly
  | fewer than SpaceX's Falcon 9 engine, Merlin. But maybe they'll
  | get more in practice.
  | 
  | It's a methalox/methane-oxygen engine, like SpaceX's Raptor, as
  | opposed to RP-1 kerosene, like Merlin. One nice aspect of this
  | is that methalox doesn't deposit so much soot on the inside of
  | the engine, so reuse should be simpler (this is one of the
  | reasons for SpaceX's newer Raptor engines also using methalox).
  | 
  | It's got an open gas generator cycle, which means that it's
  | likely less efficient than SpaceX's full-flow staged combustion
  | Raptors, since it means it loses a few percent of its fuel to
  | just running the turbopumps and the exhaust spitting off the
  | side, rather than than heading down into the combustion
  | chamber.
  | 
  | It sounds like it's much cheaper to build vs. their last
  | generation of engine, but we'll see how it ends up in practice.
  | 
  | Getting something like this working is impressive, but who
  | knows if it will end up being competitive, SpaceX is still
  | iterating really quickly. Not an expert, but the design feels a
  | little dated already, in comparison in comparison to Raptor,
  | and Raptor is already flying.
 
    | [deleted]
 
    | Diederich wrote:
    | > this is one of the reasons for SpaceX's newer Raptor
    | engines also using kerosene
    | 
    | Typo there :)
 
      | ericd wrote:
      | Oh good catch, thanks!
 
  | frederikvs wrote:
  | I'd say it's pretty impressive. Building and igniting a rocket
  | engine is hard. For more detail, I can recommend watching "Why
  | starting a rocket engine is so hard" by Tim Dodd [0].
  | 
  | It's not "never been done before" impressive, they're a few
  | years behind e.g. SpaceX's Raptor engine, which uses the same
  | propellants, and is also reusable. But still, a new rocket
  | engine is no small feat - the engine is probably the hardest
  | part of a rocket. This is quite literally rocket science.
  | 
  | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAUVCn_jw5I
 
    | chroma wrote:
    | They're more than a few years behind SpaceX. SpaceX reached a
    | similar milestone back in 2016, when they test fired a
    | subscale Raptor engine[1] that produced 1 meganewton (~100Tf)
    | of thrust.[2]
    | 
    | By 2019, they'd tested their full size Raptor at 1.5
    | meganewtons (172Tf) of thrust.[3] The current production
    | version of Raptor produces 2 meganewtons (225Tf)[4]. SpaceX
    | has successfully tested a newer version of Raptor that
    | produced 2.4MN (269Tf) for 45 seconds.[5]
    | 
    | 1. https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/780275236922994688
    | 
    | 2. "With a thrust of 1MN (225klbf) at sea level, this was to
    | be the first methane full flow engine to ever reach a test
    | stand." https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/10/its-
    | propulsion-evolu...
    | 
    | 3. https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1093424663269523456
    | 
    | 4. https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1295498964205068289
    | 
    | 5. https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1657249739925258240
 
  | breput wrote:
  | Positives:
  | 
  | * Uses liquid methane and oxygen for fuel, which is far easier
  | to work with than the current Vulcain hydrogen/oxygen fueled
  | engine and burns cleaner than kerosene/oxygen engines, which is
  | better for reusability.
  | 
  | * This is an engine that might work well on a small to medium
  | reusable launcher, which ESA no longer has access to after
  | their Vega rocket repeatedly failed and they lost access to
  | Russia's Soyuz rockets[0].
  | 
  | * ESA is at least trying to do reusability after dismissing the
  | idea for years.
  | 
  | Negatives:
  | 
  | * "100-tonne thrust class" is half the thrust of either
  | SpaceX's Raptor or Blue Origin's BE-4 engines, which will be
  | similarly reusable and using the same fuels.
  | 
  | * Additive layer manufacturing sounds cool but I'm not sure it
  | has any real benefits over conventional engine manufacturing
  | techniques. SpaceX is reportedly close to building one Raptor
  | engine _per day_ without 3D printing.
  | 
  | * They are undecided on the fuel ("A version using liquid
  | hydrogen-liquid oxygen is also being developed."). That is an
  | entirely different engine and ground support infrastructure,
  | but they are presumably doing it so it could be used directly
  | in the Ariane 6 rocket?
  | 
  | * Arianespace/ESA is at least a decade[1] behind SpaceX in
  | reusability and due to rocket failures and retirements, and the
  | delays with Ariane 6, won't have _any_ flying rockets until
  | 2024. So they are far behind and do not have a good track
  | record with speedy development.
  | 
  | [0] https://spacenews.com/europe-grappling-with-space-access-
  | cha...
  | 
  | [1] https://www.space.com/europe-no-reusable-rocket-until-2030s
 
    | frederikvs wrote:
    | The thrust of 100 tonne isn't really that important IMO. The
    | Raptor has far less thrust than the F-1 engine used on the
    | Apollo missions, but if you strap 33 Raptors to a rocket,
    | they can beat five F-1s.
 
      | panick21_ wrote:
      | What really matters at the end of the day for actual rocket
      | building is thrust per area of nozzle size. Or how much
      | thrust can you put under a rocket of some core size X.
      | 
      | Raptor is by far the best engine ever built according to
      | that measure.
      | 
      | Prometheus doesn't seem that impressive but we don't have
      | all the information on it as far as I can find.
 
        | TaylorAlexander wrote:
        | > What really matters at the end of the day for actual
        | rocket building is thrust per area of nozzle size.
        | 
        | What? I am a casual observer but I believe specific
        | impulse is most important - how much thrust do you get
        | per unit of fuel. The amount of fuel you have to carry
        | has a huge impact on how much. Of course things like ion
        | thrusters have high ISP but not enough thrust for launch
        | - but once you get enough thrust to launch a rocket, you
        | want a high ISP. High ISP means way less fuel required
        | which means even with less thrust you will be okay. So
        | thrust per nozzle area isn't strictly that important if
        | the engine is so inefficient you need to carry twice as
        | much fuel.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | If you have a high ISP engine that is low thrust, your
        | rocket will either not get of the ground or if it does
        | get off the ground it will suffer from a very high amount
        | of gravity loses. High ISP on the engine doesn't matter
        | when your rocket spends a long time just fighting
        | gravity.
        | 
        | High thrust to weight ratio is important for a rocket.
        | The higher your TWR the less gravity loses your rocket
        | suffers.
        | 
        | There is a reason most rockets main liftoff comes from
        | lowers ISP RP-1 engines or solids rocket. High ISP
        | hydrogen engines just result in losses.
        | 
        | SpaceX Raptor actually deliberately reduced its ISP to
        | increase its thrust.
 
        | marcosdumay wrote:
        | There are quite a few important numbers here.
        | 
        | Weight/thrust is important; thrust/area is important; ISP
        | is important; thrust/dollar is important...
 
        | lamontcg wrote:
        | > thrust/dollar is important.
        | 
        | something more like that is probably the most important
        | variable.
        | 
        | all the rest of them impress space nerds, the ones ending
        | in per-dollar are the ones that impress accountants and
        | finance people.
 
        | dotnet00 wrote:
        | ISP isn't everything, even in space, as you don't have
        | infinite time to get places, transfer burns etc are more
        | efficient when closer to being instantaneous (in terms of
        | dV) and capture burns need to happen within a fixed
        | timeframe.
        | 
        | Also I think what they meant is that the engine's thrust
        | dictates the height above it that it can lift. So lots of
        | larger low thrust engines = short and stubby rocket,
        | which adds all sorts of limitations (construction,
        | transportation, aerodynamics).
 
        | pfdietz wrote:
        | High Isp is actually a bad thing in a first stage. That
        | stage is done almost immediately, so high Isp doesn't buy
        | much, but low propellant density (which tends to go with
        | high Isp) makes the stage larger and more expensive. This
        | is why launchers tend to use hydrocarbons, not hydrogen,
        | as fuel in the first stage. Low propellant density also
        | makes the pumps larger and so reduces the thrust/mass
        | ratio of the engines.
 
      | ericd wrote:
      | That's a good point, I'm guessing the bigger issue is that
      | the chamber pressure is 1/3 of the Raptor 2's (100 bar vs
      | 300 bar), which I assume means much lower ISP and therefore
      | fuel efficiency, and therefore cargo lifting capacity after
      | carrying additional necessary fuel.
 
    | mezeek wrote:
    | Additive layer manufacturing has major benefits... unless you
    | want to have a super-high production rate like Raptor. So
    | it's a positive for them.
 
      | hutzlibu wrote:
      | Like normal 3D printers, they are slow, but the benefits
      | are, that you can change the design quickly and improve it
      | - and then in the end you can invest into optimizing
      | production with a different manufacturing process.
      | 
      | (But that is of course hard, to get the same results)
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | Pretty hard to reproduce the exact same design coming out
        | of a 3D printer with other methods. Unless you put real
        | effort into making sure the part is build-able with other
        | methods you could run into real problems.
 
      | ByThyGrace wrote:
      | I also wonder about durability of materials. Will the
      | engine last shorter or longer due to being additive-layer-
      | manufactured, all else being equal? Compared, say, to the
      | Raptor?
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | Today there are lots of different metals that can be 3D
        | printed. Some have very high capability. Are there any
        | that compete with custom forged parts used in Raptor? I
        | don't know, I don't think people outside of industry
        | really have this information.
        | 
        | We know that SpaceX has its own material science team
        | developing its own alloys specifically for their use
        | case. This material doesn't seem to be designed for 3D
        | printing (as far as we know).
        | 
        | What if SpaceX had instead invested that money in
        | superior material for 3D printing instead?
        | 
        | Maybe somebody who is doing their PhD on material science
        | in rocketry can comment.
        | 
        | I would also consider that engine likely has other places
        | that would be more likely to put a limiting factor on
        | durability so maybe it doesn't matter so much.
 
      | breput wrote:
      | I considered putting it as both a positive and negative,
      | but I consider it overall a negative until the technology
      | is proven to be as strong and reliable as traditional
      | manufacturing techniques - not to mention faster and less
      | expensive.
 
    | dotnet00 wrote:
    | One example of additive layer manufacturing I remember
    | reading about when it comes to engines (and I think Raptor
    | does use it) is the ability to reduce weight and potential
    | failure points by combing parts which would otherwise have to
    | be separated with methods of connecting them adding to weight
    | and failure points. IIRC the engine cooling solution also
    | becomes much easier to engineer and manufacture with 3d
    | printing.
    | 
    | When it comes to mass production, 3d printing isn't that
    | problematic, as you can just have several printers.
 
      | panick21_ wrote:
      | Lots of space companies have different opinions on 3d
      | printing. Relativity Space uses it a lot. Firefly doesn't
      | as much. 3d printing is just one way of combining parts
      | there are others.
      | 
      | > 3d printing isn't that problematic, as you can just have
      | several printers.
      | 
      | The faster you want to manufacture the more printers you
      | need. Its ok for most engine plant but for SpaceX Raptor
      | manufacturing line, it would be challenging.
 
| causality0 wrote:
| _testing will continue at the end of 2023 at the German aerospace
| agency DLR's test site in Lampoldshausen, Germany._
| 
| Uh, so what are they spending the next six months doing?
 
  | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
  | [dead]
 
  | martin8412 wrote:
  | Preparations for test flight of Ariane 6.
 
| [deleted]
 
| [deleted]
 
| frederikvs wrote:
| ESA really needs to work on how they present this kind of thing.
| Igniting a brand new rocket engine is a sensational event - I
| would have expected at least a video of the full 12 second burn,
| from a good viewpoint. Ideally from multiple camera angles.
| 
| But we just get one still image, taken from what looks like the
| worst position.
| 
| ESA is doing really cool stuff, but they're doing a bad job of
| convincing people that they're doing cool stuff.
 
  | aeroman wrote:
  | The PR part also applies to Earth Observation Satellites (ESA
  | and EUMETSAT). (Almost) any time you see a wide area picture of
  | the Earth from Space (particularly around a weather event), it
  | comes from NASA's MODIS instrument [e.g. 0].
  | 
  | The European (approximate) equivalent, AATSR, had a lot of
  | really nice scientific qualities, but it was missing a blue
  | channel, meaning that the 'true-colour' images it produced
  | always had a blue tint to the clouds. There was a similar
  | problem with the European geostationary satellite imager
  | (SEVIRI) [1].
  | 
  | Scientifically, SEVIRI was incredibly useful (and far in
  | advance of the American equivalent at the time), but the lack
  | of a blue channel meant that it was never really used for those
  | shots that made it onto the news (and neither was AATSR). When
  | you have spent multiple billions on a satellite programme, you
  | generally want the public to see it.
  | 
  | I remember being told at one point that this was considered
  | such an issue that the Europeans would 'never launch a
  | satellite without a blue channel again' - although that might
  | be overstating it a little.
  | 
  | [0] - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11901718
  | 
  | [1] - https://www.cloudsandclimate.com/blog/got_the_blues/
 
  | breput wrote:
  | They do a similar thing for their launch webcasts - they barely
  | show or talk about the rocket and focus mostly on the pan-
  | European cooperation aspects. It might be a cultural thing but
  | they also know who is paying their bills.
  | 
  | Always. Show. The. Rocket.
 
    | localplume wrote:
    | [dead]
 
    | carstenhag wrote:
    | On the other hand, I was at CERN once, and they were just
    | giving us slides like no tomorrow (and of course also a
    | tour). If I was a billionaire (or a politician) I would have
    | given them lots of money
 
  | voidfunc wrote:
  | I think it's a European cultural thing. They're not good at
  | selling sizzle.
 
  | mytailorisrich wrote:
  | In Europe we say that Americans know showmanship, which is not
  | always meant as a compliment.
  | 
  | This is a cultural difference.
 
  | lamontcg wrote:
  | > ESA is doing really cool stuff, but they're doing a bad job
  | of convincing people that they're doing cool stuff.
  | 
  | Why does it matter?
  | 
  | They don't need to convince you that they're doing "cool
  | stuff", they need to convince the people who want to put up
  | satellites that they're going to offer cheap cost-competitive
  | launch vehicles.
 
    | MrDresden wrote:
    | ESA is a government run entity and as such definitely needs
    | the public behind it when it comes to funding.
    | 
    | Not realising that would be gross incompetence on their part.
 
  | booi wrote:
  | this is definitely something SpaceX does right. Even the most
  | mundane launches is a multi-hour professional production with
  | high quality cameras in multiple angles.. even when the thing
  | explodes it feels like it went well.
 
    | GuB-42 wrote:
    | ESA maybe does too little, but SpaceX does too much, at least
    | to my taste.
    | 
    | Looking at SpaceX streams sometimes feel more like a sporting
    | event than the coverage of a space mission. I mean, is it
    | really necessary to cheer at every successful phase of the
    | launch even though these are pretty much nailed down, that
    | the mission is still underway, and that the hard part (like
    | the landing when it wasn't a routine thing) is up ahead?
    | 
    | For me, NASA is the best. They show the things as they are,
    | without trying to pump up the hype. I mean, rocket launches
    | are maybe the most awe inspiring thing humanity can do,
    | alongside nuclear explosions (imagine nuclear rockets if we
    | ever make them). Some of the most iconic footage from NASA is
    | technical footage, not originally intended for the public, so
    | really, let the thing speak for itself, no need for SpaceX
    | cheerleaders.
 
    | palata wrote:
    | > this is definitely something SpaceX does right.
    | 
    | To me (european), I don't like how SpaceX shows off. The
    | technology is cool though, but when I see their kind of
    | communication, to me it sounds like "US marketing".
    | 
    | So yeah... cultural thing maybe.
 
      | reaperducer wrote:
      | I don't think of it as showing off. I think of it as
      | documenting for posterity.
      | 
      | We're at an inflection point when it comes to space
      | exploration. Ar this rate, future generations will have
      | days of video and documentation of the accomplishments in
      | America, and a footnote along the lines of "Europe did some
      | things, too. Visit the sub-basement of a library in an
      | office building in Paris for more information."
 
        | palata wrote:
        | Not sure who will spend days watching the same rocket
        | takeoff and land :-).
        | 
        | Also at this rate, future generations will have to focus
        | on _surviving_ with _much_ less fossil fuels (we 're
        | passed peak oil), in a world that basically wants to kill
        | them due to global warming.
        | 
        | Chances are that days of video of the accomplishments of
        | the generation that actively destroyed their world (while
        | being fully aware of it) won't be their main concern.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | Rockets are one of the things where we simply have to use
        | fossil fuels, and its a drop in the bucket.
        | 
        | The resulting services and sats actually help in any
        | reasonable climate change strategy.
        | 
        | > Not sure who will spend days watching the same rocket
        | takeoff and land :-).
        | 
        | Here is the thing. Anytime can be the first time for
        | somebody. If you don't make an effort to show everything
        | you do, nobody will ever know you exists.
        | 
        | Yes some space obsessed people will watch everything, and
        | that's fine also. But you never get those people if they
        | don't see something first time.
        | 
        | I am European too and I like how transparent SpaceX is,
        | and they don't even have to be. Arianespace literally
        | tried to hide for 1 year that they had major issues with
        | Ariane 5. When asked why it wasn't launching they were
        | basically saying 'everything is ok'. But eventually
        | journalist got wind off the fact that there were major
        | issues in the fairings.
        | 
        | The culture of secrecy and non-transparency has done
        | nothing but harm to European space flight.
        | 
        | Its not barging to show a video of a test fire or a test
        | launch.
 
        | palata wrote:
        | > Rockets are one of the things where we simply have to
        | use fossil fuels, and its a drop in the bucket.
        | 
        | Well it's more than you may think (don't take only the
        | fuel for the flight, but consider the whole construction
        | of the thing).
        | 
        | But more importantly, they are making space a business.
        | The first plane was a drop in a bucket, but it enabled
        | modern aviation. If SpaceX hits their target of 10M per
        | flight... rich people will go have lunch in space.
        | 
        | > The resulting services and sats actually help in any
        | reasonable climate change strategy.
        | 
        | What? I very strongly disagree. But I won't elaborate
        | more than you did.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | > Well it's more than you may think
        | 
        | Currently, no its not.
        | 
        | > don't take only the fuel for the flight, but consider
        | the whole construction of the thing
        | 
        | Making them reusable is a huge gain in efficiency.
        | 
        | > What? I very strongly disagree. But I won't elaborate
        | more than you did.
        | 
        | Earth observation sat measure climate change. We measure
        | the atmosphere with sats. We conduct planetary science.
        | Sat imagery is vital when looking at ecosystems like the
        | Amazon. Space based monitoring is valuable for all kinds
        | of application and can increase efficiency of farming,
        | mining, infrastructure and so on. Weather satellites are
        | vital in many way, including preventing harm people. GPS
        | is a vital technology for so many industries. Space based
        | communication brings modernity to many people who don't
        | live close to major infrastructure.
        | 
        | You simply can't separate modern humanity from space.
        | 
        | Granted space isn't anywhere close to the most important,
        | but it does play an important role. Generally energy
        | production, heating, transport and steel/cement are the
        | real issues. And where the overwhelming focus should be.
        | 
        | > If SpaceX hits their target of 10M per flight... rich
        | people will go have lunch in space.
        | 
        | Just like with aviation we need to consider what
        | regulation we want to apply to these things. I am not
        | against regulating these things.
        | 
        | Your attitude of nobody is allowed to show any pride in
        | anything related to fossil fuels and its general bad and
        | shouldn't be done is simply no way to go forward.
 
        | neerajsi wrote:
        | > Not sure who will spend days watching the same rocket
        | takeoff and land :-).
        | 
        | Have you met a small child?
 
      | Aeolun wrote:
      | On the balance, I much prefer having the stream to not
      | having it. I can always turn the sound/commentary off.
 
    | lo_zamoyski wrote:
    | I wonder if they use canned cheering, or get/hire a claque.
 
  | throw_pm23 wrote:
  | It is a US/Europe difference in attitude that can be seen
  | across all fields.
 
    | adventured wrote:
    | Perhaps, however I would expect they would understand the
    | immense value of selling it to the European public by
    | properly showing them what they're paying for. Getting the
    | European public excited about space is half the battle (for
    | funding), NASA has understood that for well over half a
    | century. Somehow ESA is still oblivious (which helps explain
    | their budget).
 
      | goethes_kind wrote:
      | They don't need to sell it to the public because the public
      | has less than zero say. They need to sell it to the funding
      | agencies and that is what they are doing. Also, the
      | bombastic American style marketing comes off as insincere
      | to most of us.
 
        | Aeolun wrote:
        | > Also, the bombastic American style marketing comes off
        | as insincere to most of us.
        | 
        | It does. But I also enjoy me rocket videos. Having a nice
        | video instead of a still image would not appreciably move
        | the meter of my bullshit detector.
 
        | roarcher wrote:
        | They're being paid by the public to build something.
        | Showing them that it actually works is "bombastic
        | American style marketing"? In the US we would call it
        | accountability.
        | 
        | Modesty is great and all, but this comes across more like
        | "thanks for the taxes, now fuck off".
 
        | xyzzyz wrote:
        | You're right in principle, this is indeed how it should
        | work in theory. In practice, though, it's all very much
        | "thanks for the taxes, now fuck off", and US is not much
        | better here.
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | There is nothing here they could hype without sounding
        | bombastic because the only novel bit is it's European.
        | Europe produces great marketing when it has something
        | worth promoting.
 
        | roarcher wrote:
        | Nobody is asking for "hype" or "bombastic marketing".
        | Just a video of it in operation. It's a rocket, it's
        | cool, people like to see rockets. If you used their money
        | to build it, that doesn't seem like too much to ask.
        | 
        | I'm not a European taxpayer so nobody owes me a video.
        | I'm just perplexed by the attitude of the (I presume)
        | Europeans in this thread. Being proud of the fact that
        | your government doesn't care if you're happy with their
        | use of your taxes is...I'm not sure what it is, but it
        | isn't modesty.
        | 
        | And before anyone (correctly) points this out: Yes, the
        | US government doesn't much care what we think either,
        | though it does a better job of pretending to. But you'd
        | be hard pressed to find an American who will brag about
        | it. And at least NASA releases cool videos.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | As a European from an ESA member state. Shaking my head
        | at how ESA and Arianespace operate is just so frequent
        | that I risking whiplash. I can't get bothered by every
        | single instance where they do a bad job on minor things
        | like this.
        | 
        | I wouldn't even mind if they sucked at things like this
        | if they would actually have the right strategy and do the
        | large things correct. Sadly they are really bad at the
        | large things and the small things.
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | > _perplexed by the attitude of the (I presume) Europeans
        | in this thread_
        | 
        | It's deflection. ESA and ArianeSpace have left a massive
        | strategic hole in Europe's capabilities, in large part
        | due to the arrogance of their leadership.
        | 
        | I haven't met a capable European (and yes, I think I can
        | speak that broadly to this) who couldn't communicate why
        | they'd be good at a job or why a job done was done well.
        | When people say they're eschewing promotion out of
        | humility, it's usually because they don't have anything
        | promotable or are bad communicators.
 
        | Aeolun wrote:
        | > I haven't met a capable European
        | 
        | Or maybe you've just been unable to appreciate it for the
        | ones that didn't promote themselves _your_ way?
        | 
        | I do a really good job, but there's no reason to make a
        | big deal out of it because that's what I'm hired for.
 
        | kergonath wrote:
        | The public does not vote directly on any of this, and
        | science in general is far down the list of priorities and
        | thus get very little time in debates and campaigns. None
        | of the regular citizens watching this can realistically
        | do anything if they don't like it.
        | 
        | The ESA is at its core all about cooperation and has to
        | navigate an international landscape very far from the US
        | government. It's a technocratic agency; it cannot be used
        | for communication purposes by politicians. Their job is
        | to do the work and leave the communication bits to
        | journalists. On one hand I'd like them to do more
        | outreach towards the general population, because history
        | has proven time and time again that you cannot trust
        | journalists for vulgarisation. On the other, I don't want
        | this to turn into a political circus and funding to
        | fluctuate as political parties get interested or not.
        | 
        | The good side of this is that science gets done reliably,
        | on predictable budgets that span decades and not years,
        | even the unsexy science that would not set crowds on
        | fire. True, it reduces enthusiasm but you cannot have
        | everything.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | > Their job is to do the work and leave the communication
        | bits to journalists.
        | 
        | Yeah but here is the thing. If you systematically exclude
        | journalist. Don't give them any access. Hide everything
        | you are doing and not even provide basic video footage of
        | a engine test, they don't have anything to work with.
        | 
        | And of course that is even more true when Arianespace is
        | flat out hiding damaging information that tax payers
        | should know. And ESA supports them in that.
        | 
        | Major issues with Ariane 5 fairings were hidden from the
        | public and it took a long time until it came out.
        | 
        | Lets face the facts, ESA has constructed a space monopoly
        | and the monopolist is doing everything to hide its
        | failures from the public, not giving journalist access so
        | they can't talk about it. Journalist that are known to
        | ask critical questions are routinely not invited to
        | events.
        | 
        | If that is the kind of society you want to live in, be my
        | guest. But I prefer that we actually have some
        | accountability from our tax pair funded agency and
        | monopolist.
        | 
        | > The good side of this is that science gets done
        | reliably, on predictable budgets that span decades and
        | not years
        | 
        | That's just not really true. ESA has as many project go
        | over budget as anybody else. The Ariane 6 is a massive
        | delayed and has a massively increased budget (and no end
        | in sight). And we could talk about many other projects
        | too.
        | 
        | The idea that ESA is some unpolitical agency that just
        | executes perfectly is what they want you to believe and
        | they downplay all the issues. Journalist that report on
        | these issues have to find the details the hard way. But
        | because space is so uninteresting in Europe there is not
        | much good reporting on it.
        | 
        | Its also not true that ESA is humble and unpolitical. If
        | they have something to brag about they do so pretty
        | relentlessly. Go read ESA and Arianespace comments about
        | SpaceX around 2015-2019, the were basically all over them
        | selfes talking about how much superior they were.
        | 
        | And reticently they have done a lot of political lobbying
        | to increase their budget and pushing for European space
        | flight.
        | 
        | They do all these things, its just less visible to the
        | public because the public cares less then in the US.
 
        | Dylan16807 wrote:
        | A video (or two) of the rocket surely isn't too
        | bombastic?
 
      | noselasd wrote:
      | And that's the difference
 
      | masswerk wrote:
      | I guess that will happen, when they have a functioning
      | system, i.e. a product. (Showing off with some in-between,
      | not fit for purpose stage may be deemed somewhat
      | embarassing, compare cultural differences.)
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | Its not cultural. Lots of European aerospace startups act
        | not much different then American ones. In some cases they
        | are even more over the top then American startups.
        | 
        | This is more about ESA culture then European culture in
        | general.
 
      | palata wrote:
      | I like to think that ESA tries to do mostly research (even
      | though they also like manned missions, which are mostly for
      | fun).
      | 
      | SpaceX, on the other hand, is building a very polluting
      | business, which IMHO should be forbidden in 2023. But there
      | I would think that the people in the EU are more aware of
      | the problem than in the US.
 
        | martin8412 wrote:
        | ESAs budget for 2023 is a measly EUR7.08B coming from the
        | member states which is in return invested proportionally
        | into contracts in the member states.
        | 
        | The US spends four times the amount of tax money per
        | capita.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | This engine development for example, is something that in
        | the US startups who don't get much government money are
        | doing. And there are like 10+ companies working on
        | comparable technology.
        | 
        | Yes ESA budget is small compared to NASA but they also do
        | far less things.
        | 
        | And when they do things its not efficient. Ariane 6 for
        | example is a minor upgrade over Ariane 5 with mostly
        | parts that were developed for Ariane 5 ME. And yet
        | somehow it cost will easily pass 5 billion $ and that
        | doesn't include even e new engine. And a lot of cost is
        | also hidden on other balance sheet, a full accounting
        | would be likely more.
        | 
        | That might be about 2x as much as the complete Falcon 9
        | (+ Falcon Heavy) + Merlin + Re-usability program cost.
        | 
        | So yes, a comparative small budget, but that doesn't
        | actually explain many of the issues.
 
        | aardvarkr wrote:
        | How does SpaceX pollute?
 
    | rqtwteye wrote:
    | Self promotion is just way more accepted in the US vs most
    | European countries. You notice this in ESA vs NASA. I also
    | notice it when I read resumes. Resumes from European
    | countries are way more subdued than ones from the US.
 
      | fastball wrote:
      | ESA isn't avoiding self-promotion, they're just bad at it.
 
        | causality0 wrote:
        | I have to agree with you. They're more than happy to
        | label anything "NASA/ESA" when the ESA's project
        | contribution was fifty Euros and a can of spray paint.
 
        | martin8412 wrote:
        | Hey, that spray paint was load bearing!
 
      | panick21_ wrote:
      | This is just overplayed. If you look at European rocket
      | startups, they don't act much different. Some of them are
      | even more prone to hype and exaggeration then American
      | equivalence.
      | 
      | Its just that ESA in particular has that culture.
 
        | JBorrow wrote:
        | No it's not, this even goes to things like reference
        | letters. US letters for the same candidate are always
        | much stronger and use very different language.
 
      | teajunky wrote:
      | You watch this video about the excitement level of NASA vs
      | ESA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtOGcgWozd4
 
    | lo_zamoyski wrote:
    | Even in resumes/CVs. Americans tend to exaggerate and play up
    | their experience in a manner you don't see that much of in
    | Europe.
 
| semessier wrote:
| very impressive and competitive - if it were 2010
| 
| Note that the Raptor 3 is at 269 tons thrust (vis-a-vis 100 tons)
| and 350 bar chamber pressure (with 100 bar for the Prometheus).
| The raptor is state-of-the-art full-flow staged combustion which
| is described as very tricky, Prometheus dated open-cycle. Raptor
| has been extensively tested and refined for years now and is
| getting very close to real flight heritage. Once Prometheus has
| flight models the Raptor will be at least a decade ahead,
| probably continuing to move rapidly. Taking a guess Raptor is
| probably much cheaper to produce and operate than Prometheus. It
| appears like a failed design by plan similar to a decision to
| continue expendable Arianes provided that 'there are only 10 or
| so launches per year' and implicitly that the system is set up to
| produce throw-away rockets that need lots of resources to produce
| each example.
 
  | dotnet00 wrote:
  | As cool as Raptor is, I feel that ESA, as a government
  | organization, making any effort towards a truly reusable engine
  | is very good when over here in the US, NASA is still forced to
  | pour billions into resuscitating the RS-25 while Boeing
  | continues to embarass itself with Starliner and ULA rushes full
  | speed into using reusable engines in the least effective ways.
 
    | panick21_ wrote:
    | NASA doesn't need to invest in its own engines. RS-25 is just
    | something congress forced on them. In reality the private
    | companies are developing lots of engine, Raptor is just one
    | example. I have documented this in my top level post.
    | 
    | NASA and DoD are both committed to buying rockets on
    | commercial rockets, and all of the competitors view engine
    | development as a majorly important.
    | 
    | There are at least 10 major reusable engines in development
    | in the US. And of course Merlin is already flying and
    | Prometheus has a very, very long way to go until to reach it.
    | 
    | > while Boeing continues to embarass itself with Starliner
    | 
    | True but that's a fixed price contract. Boeing is spending
    | its own money to finish that program.
    | 
    | NASA actually has crewed spaceflight, something Europe never
    | even came close to.
    | 
    | > ULA rushes full speed into using reusable engines in the
    | least effective ways
    | 
    | Not sure what you mean? ULA is adopting a pretty modern
    | engine. That engine took a while to develop but that isn't so
    | surprising. And it isn't ULAs fault.
 
  | cubefox wrote:
  | After Ariane 5, ESA should probably award fixed price contracts
  | to private European rocket startups rather than doing it
  | together with Arianespace. But I suspect this wouldn't work
  | well with EU funding, since those startups are only located in
  | certain member states.
 
    | panick21_ wrote:
    | There are a whole host of issues with the idea that ESA could
    | do things like NASA does them now. Politics is one issue, but
    | there are many others.
    | 
    | > But I suspect this wouldn't work well with EU funding
    | 
    | Just FYI, while EU funds some of ESA. ESA is independent and
    | most of its budget is directly from member states.
 
    | Aeolun wrote:
    | EU startups would get _huge_ 500k grants! Maybe even up to
    | 2M. And the only thing they need to do in return is develop a
    | reusable rocket engine.
    | 
    | The reason nothing happens in Europe.
 
  | sottol wrote:
  | This is clearly geo-strategic. Also never hurts to have
  | competition, see eg Amazon or Google what happens when the
  | innovator becomes a monopoly.
 
    | martin8412 wrote:
    | The goal of ESA is to have independent space capabilities.
 
      | panick21_ wrote:
      | Well actually their STATED GOAL was to be highly
      | competitive in the international launch market as well.
      | When Ariane 6 was greenlit there was much talk about that
      | this investment needed to be made to be competitive and so
      | on and so on.
      | 
      | And of course now 10 years later its all like 'all we
      | wanted is independent space access'.
      | 
      | Of course if that was the case just flying Ariane 5 would
      | have been better. Not having 3 different rockets would have
      | been better.
 
      | trompetenaccoun wrote:
      | And sadly they're behind even China at this point, which is
      | a bit of a joke if we're honest.
      | 
      | ESA is a perfect example for what a bureaucratic monster
      | Europe is these days. With a similar budget as CNSA but no
      | clear vision and goals, the funds have mostly been wasted
      | in recent years. They have the engineers, a good spaceport,
      | the knowledge, etc... everything they'd need. But the
      | stagnating political culture is holding them back. The US
      | went through something similar, but at least with the
      | private spaceflight boom the Americans seem to have snapped
      | out of it.
 
  | jackmott42 wrote:
  | It isn't at all clear yet that their open cycle engine is
  | dated. Raptor has yet to prove reliable. Perhaps it will be,
  | perhaps it will not. It is fundamentally harder to start the
  | full flow staged combustion cycle, so time will tell if they
  | can make this work as reliably as they have the merlin.
  | 
  | SpaceX still makes all of their money with a simple open cycle
  | rocket engine, and it burns RP1 which is expensive to clean up.
  | Prometheus would be better in that regard.
 
  | carabiner wrote:
  | This engine is going into their reusable demonstrator Callisto.
  | Callisto is a copy* of SpaceX's Grasshopper that flew... _11
  | years ago_
  | 
  | * https://satelliteobservation.net/2018/06/02/cnes-director-
  | of...
  | 
  | > Callisto is Grasshopper. The Chinese are also building a
  | similar prototype, I have no problem saying we didn't invent
  | anything.
 
    | 908B64B197 wrote:
    | What's crazy is that, unlike this ESA engine and prototype
    | rocket, Raptor and Starship R&D is all privately funded by
    | SpaceX's profits.
    | 
    | Starship will fly payloads to LEO before this European rocket
    | reaches the Karman line.
 
      | martin8412 wrote:
      | Considering that SpaceX keeps raising cash from private
      | investors, I doubt that very much.
 
        | panick21_ wrote:
        | What do you doubt?
        | 
        | Private investors are private funding.
        | 
        | And of course they are raising cash, they have literally
        | have the most advanced rocket and satellites projects in
        | development at the same time.
        | 
        | I can't find when CALLISTO is supposed to fly, some
        | information says its 2022 but yeah I don't think they
        | will make that. Starship isn't really in a race with
        | CALLISTO so its kind of irrelevant.
 
        | carabiner wrote:
        | Yes 2022 launch date would be difficult. Some type of
        | gravity field manipulation to create a closed time like
        | curve would be required.
 
| panick21_ wrote:
| Its certainty an interesting engine but for a very advanced space
| program, as they Europeans want to be, it isn't anything ground
| breaking. If some US startup would announce something like this
| everybody would shrug and call it par for the course and not
| particularly innovative.
| 
| Europe has never developed first stage close cycle engine. The
| Soviets have mastered close cycle engines as far back as the 60s
| and even today (at least until the Ukraine war) great
| Russian/Ukrainian engine were for sale. And today many even
| startups are working on close cycle engines.
| 
| This engine is another open cycle engine while the world for real
| competitive launch vehicles is moving to more advanced engines.
| And those that do not, are not doing it because they want their
| next generation rocket to be there as soon as possible. While a
| European rocket with this engine is at least a decade or more
| out.
| 
| It is targeted at being reusable and that is good of course but
| pretty much every modern engine program is gone be restartable
| and reusable. We don't have much information how many times it
| will be reusable, what its startup mechanism and we just
| generally don't have that much information.
| 
| So the thing that's kind of stunning here is that Esa/Arianespace
| is developing this one next generation engine and keep hyping it
| and building it up as this next generation engine for Europe. But
| its really nothing special, there are many engines in development
| (some much further along) in the US that are just gone be as
| advanced or more advanced. ESA here looks more like a random
| startup, rather being a leader in technology:
| 
| Relativity Space Aeon-R:
| 
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W91fO97WAPo
| https://www.relativityspace.com/terran-r
| 
| RocketLab Archimedes:
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes_(rocket_engine)
| 
| Or how about Launcher E-2:
| 
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Th1mP0bU9L8
| https://launcherspace.squarespace.com/engine-2
| 
| Ursa Major:
| 
| https://www.ursamajor.com/engines/arroway
| 
| SpaceX Raptor 3:
| 
| https://youtu.be/h_5ltDjun3g?t=72
| 
| BlueOrigin BE-4:
| 
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdS4azOaF2M
| 
| There are more that we could mention.
| 
| So Europe hear is more like a small fish in a big pond. And
| compared to efforts like Raptor, this is many generations behind.
| 
| This is not big ambition from Europe, but doing the bare minimum
| to have something that is somewhat modern. But by the time they
| will get it into a launch vehicle it will look old compare to the
| competition.
| 
| The problem is that engine development in Europe is just very
| slow, and integrating engines to rockets is even slower. Consider
| the fancy new Vinci Upper Stage engine. It has been in
| development for over 20 years now, and will likely be 25 year of
| total time from start of development to first flight.
| 
| And the worst of it is, the Ariane 6 Upper Stage mass is so heavy
| that Vinci amazing performance is held back by a terrible
| structural design. So even as they have this advanced engine,
| they resulting rocket isn't really great.
| 
| ESA has a very, very long way ahead if they want their rocket to
| be more then just launcher military launches from its member
| states.
 
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