[HN Gopher] What character was removed from the alphabet? (2020)
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What character was removed from the alphabet? (2020)
 
Author : paulkrush
Score  : 186 points
Date   : 2023-06-17 13:47 UTC (9 hours ago)
 
web link (www.dictionary.com)
w3m dump (www.dictionary.com)
 
| contingencies wrote:
| Imagine a roguelike using all of these obscure characters where
| key plot elements are the elucidation of their true histories.
 
| kazinator wrote:
| Q: What character was removed from the alphabet?
| 
| A:                  1> (diff (range #\a #\z) "the alphabet")
| (#\c #\d #\f #\g #\i #\j #\k #\m #\n #\o #\q #\r #\s #\u #\v #\w
| #\x #\y #\z)
| 
| Plus all all non-alphabetic characters other than space.
 
| rovr138 wrote:
| ch, ll
 
  | Mordisquitos wrote:
  | Good old 'che' and 'elle', that used to confusd so many non-
  | Spanish speakers when they looked up words in Spanish
  | dictionaries before these letters were disolved into their
  | constituent parts 'c', 'h' and 'l'. Of course, that was
  | possible because they are not technically _characters_ , but
  | _letters_ that were removed from the alphabet.
  | 
  | Fun fact though, there is one _character_ that was removed from
  | the Spanish alphabet and the whole of Spanish orthography but
  | remains in use in many others. Even better, this character
  | actually _originated_ in mediaeval Spanish, so it could be
  | argued that it wasn 't removed: it was let loose!
  | 
  | That character is the 'c', which is now so closely associated
  | to French, but remains in use in other close neighbours of
  | Spanish such as Catalan and Portuguese and has been adapted for
  | use in many other languages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/c
 
| jwilk wrote:
| Related from 2022: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32249465
| ("The History of 'Ampersand' (2020)", 178 comments)
 
| hirundo wrote:
| This was good planning, if it was still part of the alphabet we
| couldn't use it for an URL query parameter delimiter.
 
  | version_five wrote:
  | I think it's too bad that we didn't choose delimters that had
  | no chance of appearing in actual text. Commas are a big one,
  | when parsing csv there's always the problem of having commas in
  | the text of a field. One hack I have used if I don't want to
  | delete them is to swap them for a character I imagine will
  | never be in the text, such as | (pipe). It all could have been
  | avoided if we had some standard delimiters that were not part
  | of common text.
 
    | meep0l wrote:
    | The tab character (U+0009) is a good candidate for this. Many
    | CSV parsers already support it.
 
    | im3w1l wrote:
    | This doesn't work. There will always be that one guy thinking
    | "what if we put a csv in another csv?!" So escaping it is.
 
      | version_five wrote:
      | I've done a lot of csv parsing with shell scripts (usually
      | using awk or cut). My rule of thumb is that if i know the
      | csv may have some commas in quoted text, I can just remove
      | them and work with the shell script. If it's going to have
      | newlines or anything more complicated, I need a real csv
      | parser.
 
    | mtizim wrote:
    | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#Fiel.
    | ..
    | 
    | The problem is that any delimiter that has no chance of
    | appearing in actual text will be hard to discover, and cannot
    | appear on a standard keyboard (so it is not easily human-
    | writable). So we are kind of stuck with the comma for human
    | readable formats.
 
    | Symbiote wrote:
    | The standard characters are ASCII/Unicode field separator,
    | group separator, record separator and unit separator.
    | 
    | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#Field_.
    | ..
 
      | jeroenhd wrote:
      | I have actually used two of these in some kind of hell SQL
      | query that needed to concatenate strings for the fastest
      | path between database and frontend as possible. I was
      | surprised to see how well it actually worked, I assumed
      | surely some kind of step in the middle of the chain would
      | break non-printable characters.
      | 
      | Not using these is wasting so many bits of one-byte
      | character encodings, I don't understand why we even need to
      | bother escaping CSV files if we could just use the
      | appropriate control characters instead.
 
    | tannhaeuser wrote:
    | The more immediate problem with Tim Berners-Lee's choice of
    | delimiters in URL syntax is that ampersand starts an entity
    | reference in SGML default concrete syntax and thus  will be rejected as a reference to an
    | undeclared entity "x" in SGML (whereas in XML it will be
    | rejected as incomplete entity reference missing a terminating
    | ";" character).
 
| arek_nawo wrote:
| Never would I have thought that "&" was ever part of an alphabet.
| It's more of a symbol, like "." or ";". HN is sometimes a source
| of curious things.
 
  | dunham wrote:
  | I always thought of it as a ligature for "et" (like ffi is a
  | ligature for ffi) rather than a letter. But I suppose the sz
  | ligature (ss) eventually became a letter, so there is
  | precedent.
 
    | dragonwriter wrote:
    | ae (aesc/ash) was a letter in English, too, but, like &,
    | stopped being one even though it continued to be used (as a
    | ligature).
 
    | mbg721 wrote:
    | Spanish also treats multiple-letters as letters in their own
    | right, doesn't it? And Dutch with ij.
 
      | thenewwazoo wrote:
      | Not really, depending on who you ask. In the 90s, the RAE
      | declared that 'll' and 'ch' were no longer letters, but
      | they're still taught as letters in many places. 'rr' was
      | never a letter in its own right, but many people consider
      | it to be, as a kind of parallel to 'll' and 'ch'.
 
        | mbg721 wrote:
        | That's good info to learn beyond the strips of letters at
        | the tops of classrooms, thanks!
 
      | tmtvl wrote:
      | Treating ij as a single letter in Dutch makes no sense,
      | unless one also treats au, ei*, eu, ou, and ui as single
      | letters. And possibly sch as well.
      | 
      | * especially ei as it's the same sound: eis (demand) and
      | ijs (ice) are homonyms.
 
    | sp332 wrote:
    | ss is a ligature for ss, right? ss
 
      | dunham wrote:
      | It's called es-zett (S Z), and I believe it originally was
      | a joined long s and a z, like sz. (There doesn't appear to
      | be a fraktur long s in unicode, but I include the fraktur z
      | to show where the shape comes from.) I believe these days
      | it is typically written as "ss" when the ss character is
      | not available.
      | 
      | Edit: The name points to sz, but it's possible that it
      | replaced both ss and sz. I'm not an expert.
 
    | lolinder wrote:
    | The difference is that ss is actually used to spell words. &
    | has never been used as part of a word, it only ever st&s
    | alone.
 
| beardyw wrote:
| Ah, mondegreen
| 
| https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondegreen
| 
| I remember the Maxell tape ads (ibid) "Me ears are alight".
| 
| https://youtu.be/XEe0qqPAC6E
 
  | UncleSlacky wrote:
  | "Beelzebub has a devil for a sideboard"
 
  | sjcsjc wrote:
  | The girl with colitis goes by
 
| rvba wrote:
| Why is M before N in the alphabet. It should be N first, then M!
 
| [deleted]
 
| NelsonMinar wrote:
| The alternate question is "why are these 26 characters the
| American English alphabet?" It's fairly arbitrary, a collection
| of historical accidents and changes in orthography.
| 
| And it's incomplete. You can't really write American English with
| just the usual 26 letters. N and the `okina are proper letters
| and necessary for writing a bunch of American words correctly.
| The various kahako are helpful too but they are treated as
| diacritics and not full fledged separate letters.
 
  | mcv wrote:
  | Not just American English; lots of countries use the same
  | alphabet. Even countries that have more characters than these
  | 26, still often consider these 26 to be their alphabet.
  | 
  | Weirder still: we often call it the Latin alphabet, but Latin
  | never had some of these characters. No 'j', 'u' or 'w' in
  | Latin, for example.
 
  | umanwizard wrote:
  | > N and the `okina are proper letters and necessary for writing
  | a bunch of American words correctly
  | 
  | Depends what you mean by "correctly", but in practice they're
  | not necessary to write American English, and most people don't
  | use them (except in very high-production-value writing, like
  | professionally edited books and magazines).
 
    | NelsonMinar wrote:
    | Tell that to the people who live in Espanola, NM; the
    | official name of the city includes the n. Or Hawai`i,
    | although for the latter "Hawaii" is at least correct from an
    | official government placename perspective.
 
      | permo-w wrote:
      | at a push, you can transliterate n as ny or ni, or even use
      | the Portuguese nh if you really want to push the boat out,
      | but when an n isn't available, most people seem to just
      | drop it entirely and let you figure it out from context
 
| WarOnPrivacy wrote:
| In the early 1970's, I saw the & appear in some of our older
| alphabet books. The absolutist child in me tried to work out if
| that bit of archaic data was authoritative or not.
| 
| Those books were likely printed in the 1950s.
 
  | GloomyBoots wrote:
  | A few years ago I was idly thumbing through old books at a used
  | store. Looking over a remedial arithmetic book, I was surprised
  | to find that they referred to zero as "the cipher".
  | Exponentiation and the process of finding a square root were
  | "involution" and "evolution", respectively. My math education
  | was pretty ad-hoc (complicated story), so maybe these are
  | better known than I realize, but I've never heard them. I ended
  | up grabbing the book just for the vocabulary. These examples
  | are just the ones that jumped out most in the first couple of
  | pages.
 
| jmclnx wrote:
| When I was very young, I remember AE being used in various
| printed materials (school books).
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86
| 
| But by the time I was in High School it seemed to have
| disappeared.
 
  | opello wrote:
  | "AE" as you have it (with your link presumably you mean AE) is
  | the letter "ash" from the Old English alphabet.
  | 
  | Th called "thorn" is another, which type setters replaced with
  | a Y so as to not add another letter to their collections. It
  | made the "th" sound and why "Ye Olde ..." is a spelling
  | convention but people of the time would never have said "yee"
  | for it.
  | 
  | Other letters were lost too, eth, wynn, and this is all
  | contributes to why Modern English spelling conventions are kind
  | of awful for ESL learners.
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorn_(letter)
 
  | version_five wrote:
  | We still see this in French semi-regularly, such as oeil and
  | coeur
 
    | kzrdude wrote:
    | How popular are the ligatures in french in practice?
 
      | stefncb wrote:
      | People don't usually use them informally but it's
      | technically incorrect not to use them. You'll _mostly_ see
      | them in books and articles.
 
      | rdlw wrote:
      | I live in Canada and all the egg cartons say oeufs
 
    | simias wrote:
    | ex aequo and curriculum vitae are two common examples of ae
    | in French (although they're obviously direct borrows from
    | Latin).
 
  | ZeroGravitas wrote:
  | You may have been taught using the briefly popular ITA system
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Teaching_Alphabet
  | 
  | http://s320709369.onlinehome.us/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/f...
 
    | xattt wrote:
    | If I didn't have dyslexia before, I do now after seeing the
    | awful attempts to make specific sounds stand out.
    | 
    |  _> Any advantage of the I.T.A. in making it easier for
    | children to learn to read English was often offset by ...
    | being generally confused by having to deal with two alphabets
    | in their early years of reading. _
 
      | wizofaus wrote:
      | Japanese kids seem to manage learning 4 of them (5 if
      | they're Korean-Japanese. And yes I'm including the Roman
      | alphabet). Though it's true early- reading books tend to
      | stick to just hiragana & katakana.
 
        | Dylan16807 wrote:
        | They manage but that doesn't mean it's good for learning.
        | 
        | But also, multiple symbols for a sound is a lot simpler
        | than having two alphabets that work in completely
        | different ways. And even worse is the two alphabets
        | sharing symbols and giving them different
        | interpretations.
 
  | kzrdude wrote:
  | The british spelling is supposedly encyclopaedia and Britannica
  | still seems to use it (with and without ae = ae ligature).
 
  | bombcar wrote:
  | The advent of the standard typewriter and computer keyboard
  | killed many a special letter/ligature.
 
| blacksmith_tb wrote:
| I naively thought to be "part of the alphabet" our ancestors
| would have needed to, you know, use "&" in words - the article
| weakly hints at this for "&c" as being equivalent to "etc"
| (saving keystrokes even before they had keyboards, I guess). But
| given that they didn't, say, write "sand" as "s&" I will politely
| refuse to accept it as a letter.
 
| chrischen wrote:
| In the classic alphabet song & comes between Y and Z. It's been
| hiding there all this time.
 
| re-thc wrote:
| Google
 
| Symbiote wrote:
| I thought this would be about Old-Middle-Modern English, in which
| case the lost letters are W, d, th and ae.
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English#Alphabet
 
  | mathieuh wrote:
  | Also yogh https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogh
  | 
  | There's a politician in the UK called Menzies Campbell, his
  | name is pronounced "mingis" because that "z" actually used to
  | be a yogh
 
    | TMWNN wrote:
    | That explains why his nickname is "Ming"!
 
  | ignoramous wrote:
  | Well, W & th are covered in a separate article:
  | https://www.dictionary.com/e/letters-alphabet/
 
  | EA-3167 wrote:
  | I think it's interesting that despite our access to this sort
  | of information, a huge number of people still don't understand
  | that "Ye Olde" was not pronounced "Yee" and rather "The".
 
    | bobthepanda wrote:
    | Old English is just generally not a priority. There are only
    | so many hours in the schoolday and so many schooldays in the
    | year.
 
      | irrational wrote:
      | Need to teach kids to be self learners. I knew these facts
      | about old English, but I wasn't taught them in school. I
      | learned them on my own.
 
        | Phil987 wrote:
        | Other kids know facts that you don't because people care
        | about different things.
 
    | kazinator wrote:
    | If you're speaking, and don't pronounce it "yee", nobody will
    | know that you're making a reference to the "Ye Olde"
    | orthography.
 
    | rocketbop wrote:
    | I only learned that in university. I did a joint major in
    | English and history, but it actually came up in a history
    | module in an offhand comment by the lecturer. I'm not
    | surprised it's little known.
 
    | ForOldHack wrote:
    | It is because the Y was a character called 'thorn' and it
    | symbol was Y drawn as a stick, pronounced the like the 'th'
    | in the and thorn. Also s got reversed and became the z we
    | know today. This article was written by someone who knows
    | noYing.
 
    | dehrmann wrote:
    | My immature side just thinks it's fun to write thorn.
 
      | bombolo wrote:
      | To mean this song, I presume:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSZBIs0gs0E
 
    | klysm wrote:
    | [flagged]
 
      | rootusrootus wrote:
      | I'd think HN, of all places, with so many software
      | developers would actually be a pretty good audience for
      | pedantry.
 
      | mdp2021 wrote:
      | It's very fortunate that we have a place like this where we
      | can indulge in <> and gain relative
      | protection from said <>.
      | 
      | I understand you are judgemental about <> like the
      | character of Chris O'Dowd, Roy, in "The IT Crowd" -
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZv_TARX3lI . There is no
      | need to focus about them. You can rest on these refreshing
      | notions we are discussing.
 
      | EA-3167 wrote:
      | I think it's really interesting, both as a view into how
      | quickly English was changing around the advent of the
      | printing press, and as a way to appreciate how quickly
      | common knowledge can be totally lost or supplanted.
 
      | ortusdux wrote:
      | I feel the same way about fonts, but if the front page HN
      | is any indication, I'm probably in the minority.
 
      | KnobbleMcKnees wrote:
      | Agreed. Pronunciation is almost always the least
      | interesting thing about the evolution of language.
 
    | km3r wrote:
    | I know it's pronounced 'the', but 'yee' is more fun
 
      | tornato7 wrote:
      | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=q6EoRBvdVPQ
 
      | hinkley wrote:
      | "Yee oldy hat shoppy" is the most fun.
 
        | ashton314 wrote:
        | You forgot to throw "timey" in there too ;)
 
        | contingencies wrote:
        | _Milliner_ doesn 't have the same ring.
 
        | pclmulqdq wrote:
        | What if it was a hatter and not a milliner?
 
        | adolph wrote:
        | Just mercurial madness
 
  | ljlolel wrote:
  | Also from op site: https://www.dictionary.com/e/letters-
  | alphabet/
 
  | dagmx wrote:
  | They mention those with links at the bottom of this article as
  | well
 
| kzrdude wrote:
| Part of the english alphabet, but in which region, all english
| speaking places? I'm curious where it comes from.
 
  | Lio wrote:
  | Given the dates involved I'd guess maybe England what with
  | English be the language of the English and all. ;)
 
    | umanwizard wrote:
    | English was spoken in several places outside of England by
    | the 1800s.
 
      | Lio wrote:
      | Yes that's true but the article specifically refers to
      | ampersand already being part of English alphabet for many
      | years before that.
 
| paulkrush wrote:
| "It would have been confusing to say "X, Y, Z, and." So, the
| students said, "and per se and." Per se means "by itself," so the
| students were essentially saying, "X, Y, Z, and by itself and."
| The term per se was used to denote letters that also doubled as
| words, such as the letter I (for "me") and A. By saying "per se,"
| you clarified that you meant the symbol and not the word.
| 
| Over time, "and per se and" was slurred together into the word we
| use today: ampersand."
 
  | throwaway894345 wrote:
  | Yep, I learned this from the History of English podcast. I
  | highly recommend it for anyone who likes this sort of trivia
  | about the evolution of English.
 
  | atdrummond wrote:
  | The reason I'm inclined to accept this narrative is that not
  | only have I not seen any plausible alternative etymology, there
  | is no alternative etymology available period.
 
    | HWR_14 wrote:
    | I would recommend against that methodology. A lot of
    | etymology is not easy to find, but plausible etymology is
    | easy to make up.
 
      | mauvehaus wrote:
      | You must know my wife. She's quite confident that the idiom
      | "balls to the wall" has something to do with a person being
      | put up against a wall to be executed by gunshot.
 
  | caturopath wrote:
  | A and I used to sometimes get 'per se' to clarify that people
  | were referring to the letter, not the one-letter word
 
  | asciimov wrote:
  | I have seen this explanation printed so many times, and
  | unattributed, that I wonder if students of that era actually
  | said "and per se and".
 
    | mbg721 wrote:
    | Some probably did, the same ones that addressed their dad as
    | "pay-ter".
 
      | adzm wrote:
      | I'm sorry, can you explain this one?
 
    | rossitter wrote:
    | From _The Frumentary_ by William King (1699)[0]:
    | U's conversation 's equal to his wine,         You sup with
    | W, whene'er you dine:         X, Y, and Z, hating to be
    | confin'd,         Ramble to the next Eating-house they
    | find;...          And Per Se And alone, as Poets use...
    | 
    | See also an elaborate classroom game described in the
    | _Documents of the Board of Education of the City of New York_
    | (1861)[1]:  "One [student] represents &--called ' _And per se
    | and_ '--as being appended to the alphabet, but not belonging
    | to it....The merriment of this pastime turns upon the
    | endeavor of _An' per s'and_ to take precedence of Z, and so
    | get fairly into the alphabet... "
    | 
    | [0] A 1781 printing: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=n
    | jp.32101068156031&vi...
    | 
    | [1] https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075984876
    | &vi...
 
      | sanderjd wrote:
      | These are great. Did you just know about these already or
      | did you research them just now? If the latter, how did you
      | find these in such short order?
      | 
      | Always impressed by people who can find primary sources for
      | things quickly!
 
        | rossitter wrote:
        | In this case I just did a full-text search of
        | HathiTrust's catalog for _" and per se and"_ (quotes of
        | course are part of the query in this case). These are two
        | results of many.
 
        | tiffanyg wrote:
        | Not just a fisherman, but a teacher. Gracias!
 
    | tgv wrote:
    | Me too, but given certain educational methods of the past, I
    | can also imagine it happening. Here's an example of teaching
    | Latin in the 19th century. Read the first 1/3 from the link
    | from today's front page:
    | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36354213. Latin was
    | taught by rote, by repeating without understanding. One of
    | those head masters must once have thought it would be correct
    | to call it "and per se and," and had the power to make
    | generations do it.
    | 
    | On the other hand, why it would have become so widespread as
    | to become a word is what makes me doubt the story.
 
  | behnamoh wrote:
  | And here I thought ampersand had something to do with Ampere,
  | the unit of electric current...
 
    | onionisafruit wrote:
    | I really like this as an alt etymology. If it got popularized
    | to save characters in telegrams, it could have been the
    | "electric and". Another way it could be from Ampere is that
    | his son was a philologist and could have conceivably promoted
    | the idea of an ampersand.
 
    | Pigalowda wrote:
    | Cicero's educated Greek body slave, Tiro, invented it.
    | 
    | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Tiro
    | 
    | https://creativepro.com/ampersand-history-
    | usage/#:~:text=The....
 
      | I_complete_me wrote:
      | I think you might be confusing ampersand with the Tironian
      | et which looks like a 7 - Unicode point U+204A. It is still
      | visible in Ireland on the old Post 7 Telegraph boxes. Tiro
      | invented a shorthhand system and his Tironian et
      | represented the sound "et". I recently dived into this
      | whole subject so it's kinda fresh in my mind.
 
  | kokanee wrote:
  | I've heard some people say that as a child they thought the
  | letter before P was "Elemeno." So it certainly tracks that if
  | you ask kids to recite "and per se and" that they might think
  | the whole phrase is the name of the letter.
 
    | adrianmonk wrote:
    | I thought there must be two versions of the letter P: regular
    | P and elemeno P.
    | 
    | I wasn't sure why there would be two kinds or when to use
    | each kind, but I figured they'd explain later.
 
    | koheripbal wrote:
    | My kids thought Elmo was part of the alphabet for an
    | embarrassing amount of time.
 
    | bitwize wrote:
    | That reminds me of how Big Bird (the child proxy in _Sesame
    | Street_ before Elmo came along) thought the alphabet was one
    | long word, pronouncing it  "Ab-kuh-def-ghee-jeckle-manop-
    | kwer-stoov-wixizz", and sang a song pondering what it might
    | mean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTvhKZHAP8U
    | 
    | Those Sesame Street people really understood how a kid's mind
    | works.
 
    | mhovan wrote:
    | Reminds me of a silly skit one of my old coworkers did a
    | while back (one of many):
    | 
    | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cH_ynnZzJjg
 
      | doodlebugging wrote:
      | And this is how windows are opened, skeptics are born, and
      | deep thinkers who are not afraid to challenge conventional
      | wisdom are created. Pull back the curtains to reveal how
      | everything really works.
 
    | threads2 wrote:
    | pre-kindergarten I thought it was elemeno!
 
    | doodlebugging wrote:
    | This is why I taught my kids to sing the alphabet forwards
    | and backwards. If you sing it forwards it can sound like you
    | are saying "elemental pee" which sounds scientifically
    | interesting but doesn't help anyone learn what that letter is
    | supposed to look like.
    | 
    | We used wooden alphabet puzzles as a guide so it could
    | reinforce the idea the you are saying L-M-N-O pretty fast.
    | 
    | Since the ABC song is one of three songs that use the same
    | tune it is easy to teach an infant or toddler their alphabet
    | as you sing them to sleep.
    | 
    | The ABC song, Baa-Baa Black Sheep, Twinkle, Twinkle, Little
    | Star all use the same tune.
    | 
    | Add in the backwards ABC's and you get four songs sung with
    | the same tune so that the whole thing becomes tonally
    | monotonous and soothing and it will tend to relax your child
    | as you rock and sing.
    | 
    | With practice I got pretty good at mixing verses from these
    | four songs on the fly so that the song eventually morphed
    | into a single tune with disconnected lyrics. I used it as a
    | challenge to keep myself awake while I rocked them to sleep.
    | 
    | For grins, the Backward ABC lyrics are:
    | 
    | Z, y, x, w, v, u, t...
    | 
    | S, r, q, p, o, n, m...
    | 
    | L, k, j, i, h, g, f...
    | 
    | E, d, c, b, and a.
    | 
    | Now I've sung them backwards to you,
    | 
    | Can you sing them backwards too?
    | 
    | Pretty easy to see how each letter breaks free of the
    | original forward limitations.
 
      | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
      | I like this post, but I cannot get your backwards ABC
      | rhythm to make sense.
 
        | Riseed wrote:
        | This works for me:
        | 
        | Z, y, x, w, v, u, t...
        | 
        | S, r, q, p, o, n, m...
        | 
        | L, k, j,
        | 
        | I, h, g,
        | 
        | F, e, d, c, b, and a.
 
        | doodlebugging wrote:
        | Yes this also works but the reason I went with "L-K-J-I-
        | H-G-F" over this deals with the fact that I can get each
        | letter distinctly enunciated whereas if I mash the last
        | line as you did there can be some muddying of the first
        | two letters and you end up with another "elemental pee"
        | problem in teaching the letters.
        | 
        | I think F and E are too easy to turn into "effy" when you
        | sing it out.
        | 
        | It's a personal preference. Yours works too.
 
        | Riseed wrote:
        | Oh, you're right. That is a good point. And after looking
        | at your detailed breakdown [0], your original line breaks
        | do make sense. It does work better singing as "Baa Baa
        | Black Sheep" with different lyrics than as "The Alphabet
        | Song" with backwards lyrics.
        | 
        | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36373590
 
        | doodlebugging wrote:
        | You have to do it like you handle the switch from
        | Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star to Baa, Baa, Black Sheep.
        | 
        | NOTES = 0
        | 
        | ABC = 1
        | 
        | BWABC = 2
        | 
        | TTLS = 3
        | 
        | BBBS = 4
        | 
        | [0] C, C, G, G, A, A, (long G)
        | 
        | [1] A, b, c, d, e, f, (g)...
        | 
        | [2] Z, y, x, w, v, u, (t)...
        | 
        | [3] Twin, -kle, twin, -kle, lit, -tle, (star),
        | 
        | [4] Baa, baa, black, sheep, have, you, (any wool)?
        | 
        | [0] F, F, E, E, D, D, (long C)
        | 
        | [1] H, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, (p)... (the elemental problem
        | rises because they crammed an extra letter into this line
        | and distinguishing each individual letter gets muddy
        | because they used the two D notes for four letters - l,
        | m, n, o. This is not optimum)
        | 
        | [2] S, r, q, p, o, n, (m)... (gives each letter an
        | opportunity to be clearly enunciated)
        | 
        | [3] How, I, won, -der, what, you, (are)...
        | 
        | [4] Yes, sir, yes, sir, three, bags, (full)
        | 
        | [0] G, G, F, F, E, E, (long D)
        | 
        | [1] Q, r, s, t, u, (v)... (pause on the F at S, or use a
        | long F between S and T sop that the third and fourth
        | notes merge on S)
        | 
        | [2] L, k, j, i, h, g, (f)... (fits the flow and allows
        | each letter to have a distinct sound)
        | 
        | [3] Up, a, -bove, the, world, so, (high)
        | 
        | [4] One, for the, mas, -ter, one, for the, (dame)
        | 
        | [0] G, G, F, F, E, E, (long D)
        | 
        | [1] W, x, y, and, (z)... (Both notes G, F are merged to
        | handle the single letter they are sounding and the E
        | includes "Y and" to get you to the last letter)
        | 
        | [2] E, d, c, b, and (a). (This handles the rhythm like we
        | see in [1] treatment of the stretching or pause on the
        | third letter of the series)
        | 
        | [3] Like, a, dia, -mond, in, the, (sky)
        | 
        | [4] One, for the, lit -tle, girl, who, lives, down the,
        | (lane)
        | 
        | [0] C, C, G, G, A, A, (long G)
        | 
        | [1] Now, I've, sung, my, A, B, (C's)
        | 
        | [2] Now, I've, sung, them, back, -wards, (to you),
        | 
        | [3] Twin, -kle, twin, -kle, lit, -tle, (star)
        | 
        | [4] Baa, baa, black, sheep, have, you, (any wool)?
        | 
        | [0] F, F, E, E, D, D, (long C)
        | 
        | [1] Tell, me, what, you, think, of, (me).
        | 
        | [2] Can, you, sing, them, back, -wards, (too)?
        | 
        | [3] How, I, won, -der, what, you, (are)
        | 
        | [4] Yes, sir, yes, sir, three, bags, (full)
        | 
        | That's all I got. That's how I sing it. I tried to break
        | out the notes as they flow in each song. Commas separate
        | each note in the song and the parentheses around the last
        | word or letter denote a long note. Where you see two
        | words behind one comma those two words use the same note
        | - "for the" is an example. It all fits for me though I
        | guarantee that there is more than one way to skin this
        | cat. This way works for me.
 
        | Riseed wrote:
        | It took me a bit to get it, but this is an excellent
        | explanation. Thank you :)
 
        | rocketbop wrote:
        | Yeah I can't get it to fit the usual melody. Did you
        | happen to put it on YouTube?
 
        | doodlebugging wrote:
        | No I haven't recorded it for YouTube. I do have it on
        | some home video somewhere, maybe. I would probably have
        | to dig for that and maybe do a format conversion from 8mm
        | tape.
        | 
        | I diagrammed it out in the post above. I hope that helps.
 
      | ekaryotic wrote:
      | Are there any colemak enthusiasts teaching their kids the
      | alphabet in colemak order as read from the keyboard.
 
        | codetrotter wrote:
        | I for one will teach my kids Dvorak.
        | 
        | Single-quote/quote comma/less dot/greater p y ... a o e u
        | i d h t n s ...
 
      | kazinator wrote:
      | By the way, there is a really irritating Japanese version
      | of the English alphabet song whose verses don't end on the
      | "ee" letters: G, P, V, Z. (Z being "zee" in the USA). So
      | there is no rhyme, and less variety in rhythm.
      | 
      | It goes something like.
      | 
      | A B C D E F G
      | 
      | H I J K L M N
      | 
      | O P Q R S T U
      | 
      | V W and X Y Z
      | 
      | Y and Z
      | 
      | Here is an example:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlZNXUWh9Do
      | 
      | *facepalm*
 
      | pfannkuchen wrote:
      | Your kids will beat the field sobriety test!
 
        | jrockway wrote:
        | Something I've always wondered is how people actually do
        | the backwards alphabet test. I don't think I could
        | efficiently do it sober, but I do have an O(n^2)
        | algorithm for doing it; sing the ABCs in your head, and
        | only say the letter before the one you've already said.
        | 
        | So like, abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyZ,
        | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxY, ...
        | 
        | You can also use this algorithm to reverse a linked list,
        | though you will not get the job if you do. I'm wondering
        | if the cops are as picky as Google interviewers.
 
        | saghm wrote:
        | A few years back for fun, I learned to say the alphabet
        | backwards as quickly as I could. I used basically the
        | same technique I use as a musician to learn complex
        | phrases; start with a short sequence (like "z y x w") and
        | repeat it over as slowly as you need, and increase the
        | speed as you get better at it, then either extend it a
        | few more letters (e.g. "z y x w v u t") using the same
        | strategy or learn the sequence starting with the next
        | letter separately ("v u t s r q") and then "glue" them
        | together when you're proficient with both. It took me
        | only a few minutes of practice to get the whole alphabet
        | this way, and it's stuck fairly well despite not really
        | ever practicing it other than to occasionally show people
        | as a party trick. Strangely, the letters seem to work
        | better in that order for me; I can actually say the
        | alphabet faster backwards rather than forwards, although
        | it's hard for me to to tell if that's actually due to the
        | sounds blending better objectively or due to the fact
        | that I tend to have a bit of trouble with enunciating
        | clearly in general and the "backwards" route skipping
        | some learned bad habits that the forwards route uses.
        | 
        | Since I don't drink any alcohol and don't drive, I can't
        | imagine I'd ever have a chance to use this in a field
        | sobriety test, but I also suspect that a cop who pulled
        | me over wouldn't find it particularly amusing, so I
        | wouldn't be eager to try it anyways.
 
        | doubled112 wrote:
        | I've always assumed a gotcha here is when the driver says
        | "officer, I don't think I could do this sober" and now
        | they've admitted guilt.
 
        | doodlebugging wrote:
        | Funny you mention that since the first time I heard them
        | sung backwards involved a field sobriety test that the
        | driver passed.
        | 
        | I decided that it was a useful skill. Later when our kids
        | were born and the long early morning hours were filled
        | with rocking chairs noises, diaper changes, feeding and
        | burping I took the opportunity to add that version to my
        | song list. Sometimes I ended up singing every song that I
        | knew any words from so it helped a lot when I was tired
        | to focus on one tune.
 
      | Dylan16807 wrote:
      | If you don't care about rhyming you might as well just
      | change the original song.
      | 
      | abcdefg, hijklmn, opq, rst, uvw xyz
 
| narcraft wrote:
| Tom Bombadil
 
| justin_oaks wrote:
| I was hoping this article would be about the letter C and be from
| the future.
| 
| The letter C is useless. It either makes the sound that S does or
| the sound K does. Instead of C we should just use an S or a K for
| every place a C is.
| 
| Some may argue that without C we wouldn't have CH. And then I
| say, "Why do we need two characters to represent a single sound?
| It should have it's own letter."
| 
| Alas, English spelling is all kinds of messed up. And I'll have
| to resign myself to that fact.
 
  | xattt wrote:
  | C is also used for sounds that sound like "ts"; you can't make
  | that sound with an s or k alone.
  | 
  | Sidenote: I see that some transliteration systems make Q
  | represent "ch".
 
    | mcv wrote:
    | In Slavic languages and in German, the 'c' is (almost?)
    | always the 'ts' sound. That makes it as useful as the 'x',
    | although that's also one we could do without.
    | 
    | The 'c' could also be considered useful exactly because it
    | has the unique property of changing its sound depending on
    | the surroundings. In Dutch, for example, the word for
    | politician is "politicus" where the 'c' had a k sound, but
    | the plural is "politici", where the 'c' has an 's' sound. It
    | would be a lot less clean if we had to swap 'k' and 's'.
    | Maybe we should only use the 'c' for words where that
    | property matters.
    | 
    | I hope you all remember the various "language reform" essays
    | that get progressively less readable as various redundant
    | letters are dropped or replaced.
    | 
    | Although you could also argue we should add some. The 'e' can
    | be pronounced in several different ways, and not being able
    | to tell the difference can occasionally lead to confusion. In
    | Dutch, for example, the words for "a" and "one" are the same:
    | "een", but pronounced differently.
 
      | saalweachter wrote:
      | > That makes it as useful as the 'x', although that's also
      | one we could do without.
      | 
      | I would like to further improve the 'x' by making its
      | pronunciation 'sk' at the beginning of a phoneme, rather
      | than 'z', 'ex', or maybe 'k'.
      | 
      | It sounds fine in words like 'xylophone' or 'xray', and
      | there are plenty of words like 'xy', 'xate', 'xunk', or
      | 'xeleton' so we could re-balance our alphabet.
 
      | Dylan16807 wrote:
      | > I hope you all remember the various "language reform"
      | essays that get progressively less readable as various
      | redundant letters are dropped or replaced.
      | 
      | Can you cite any that are putting in legitimate effort and
      | expertise into the letter choices, and not picking a whole
      | bunch of things that are half bad on purpose?
      | 
      | Also it's a bad idea to rate an orthography based on how it
      | looks with 0 hours of practice.
 
  | mbg721 wrote:
  | I'm told that this is a consequence of the Romans absorbing the
  | Etruscans and being so heavily influenced by the Greeks. There
  | were just too many velar consonants to go around, and they were
  | exchanged sometimes, like Caius and Gaius.
 
  | qqtt wrote:
  | For example, in Year 1 that useless letter "c" would be dropped
  | to be replased either by "k" or "s", and likewise "x" would no
  | longer be part of the alphabet.
  | 
  | The only kase in which "c" would be retained would be the "ch"
  | formation, which will be dealt with later.
  | 
  | Year 2 might reform "w" spelling, so that "which" and "one"
  | would take the same konsonant, wile Year 3 might well abolish
  | "y" replasing it with "i" and iear 4 might fiks the "g/j"
  | anomali wonse and for all.
  | 
  | Jenerally, then, the improvement would kontinue iear bai iear
  | with iear 5 doing awai with useless double konsonants, and
  | iears 6-12 or so modifaiing vowlz and the rimeining voist and
  | unvoist konsonants.
  | 
  | Bai iear 15 or sou, it wud fainali bi posibl tu meik ius ov thi
  | ridandant letez "c", "y" and "x" -- bai now jast a memori in
  | the maindz ov ould doderez -- tu riplais "ch", "sh", and "th"
  | rispektivli.
  | 
  | Fainali, xen, aafte sam 20 iers ov orxogrefkl riform, wi wud
  | hev a lojikl, kohirnt speling in ius xrewawt xe Ingliy-spiking
  | werld.
 
    | yc-kraln wrote:
    | The further down you got, the more like German it sounded as
    | I was mentally pronouncing it--but it was somehow a smooth
    | gradient. Weird!
 
      | Muromec wrote:
      | Which was exactly de point of de joke originally.
 
    | jeroenhd wrote:
    | I know this is a popular joke, but with English spelling
    | failing to adapt to the great vowel shift and pronunciation
    | shifting in other ways as well (like no longer pronouncing
    | the k in knight), you might as well apply these rules. They
    | make no less sense than the current spelling, and perhaps the
    | removal of unnecessary letters makes the situation even
    | slightly better as well.
    | 
    | With some kids even learning to read English by learning the
    | general shape of the words rather than the individual letter
    | pronunciations (based on some flawed research), I wouldn't
    | mind a general spelling reform to bring the situation under
    | control.
 
    | Dylan16807 wrote:
    | Yeah yeah yeah but this starts to fall apart on the second
    | wave. Why would you get rid of y? The last thing we need is
    | _fewer_ vowel glyphs.
    | 
    | This is just a fun little writing and should not be used to
    | imply _anything_.
 
    | avgcorrection wrote:
    | Did you transform the text to Esperanto orthography? Nice.
 
| franciscop wrote:
| I keep saying that, by chance, it's a pity that the English
| alphabet has exactly 23 letters and doesn't have a single one
| more. Had it one more letter, say "n" or "c" or some other,
| that'd make it perfect for base64: 24*2 + 10 = 64. Instead now we
| have 62 "base" alphanumeric alphabet, and two symbols that are
| disagreed upon since they have to be chosen depending on the
| context.
 
  | franciscop wrote:
  | Edit: I mistakenly wrote 23 _now in this post_ while I've had
  | this thought many times with the correct alphabet number count,
  | 26. In fact my math above only works for 26 (or 27 if it had
  | one more letter).
 
  | smeej wrote:
  | Wait, here I've been thinking the alphabet has 26 letters all
  | this time?
  | 
  | (double checks keyboard)
 
    | quesera wrote:
    | > 26 letters
    | 
    | J, U, and W are sometimes considered pretenders. Late
    | additions, at least.
    | 
    | J is just a stylized I. U is a variation of V. W is of course
    | just a double U.
    | 
    | G is also a relatively recent entry, if you go back to the
    | Romans from which the Latin/English alphabet is derived.
 
    | franciscop wrote:
    | wow how did I mess up my post so badly? I didn't even do the
    | proper math _now_, ofc the alphabet has 26 letters and my
    | math above only works for 26 and not 23. I did check back
    | when I had this thought many times. I guess I might have just
    | had a brain fart now, I just copied what googled said while
    | writing my post and somehow Google said 23 in a quick/bad
    | search, so I just copied that number without checking it.
    | 
    | 26 * 2 + 10 = 62, almost 64
    | 
    | (26 + 1) * 2 + 10 = 64
 
      | wizofaus wrote:
      | Wouldn't surprise me in the least if ChatGPT gave the
      | alphabet written out as an example of a word with 23
      | letters.
      | 
      | I wonder what the history is behind why base-64 encoding
      | became so widespread. Sadly I can even recognise certain
      | sequences now without having to decode them. But the fact
      | it's not even safe for use in URLs/filenames (due to + and
      | /) would suggest it's not really fit for purpose (and yes I
      | know base64-url encoding exists, I once had to write code
      | that had to deal with strings that could use either
      | encoding, and you could only tell by looking for the
      | presence of _ or -. Certainly that _ was not originally
      | chosen as one the extra 2 characters needed on top of
      | A-Za-z0-9 for full encoding is a bit baffling. "-" is often
      | used as delimeter though - my other pick would have been
      | #.)
 
    | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
    | I used to see typos like that and double check that I didn't
    | shift universes. I eventually figured out the the shifts
    | aren't that obvious.
 
    | pimlottc wrote:
    | Nope, it's 23, the same as the number of fingers and toes you
    | have.
 
      | doodlebugging wrote:
      | >the same as the number of fingers and toes you have.
      | 
      | You really only have 18 fingers and toes when you think
      | about it - 10 toes + 8 fingers.
      | 
      | Those other two appendages are thumbs. Even my kids know
      | this.
      | 
      | EDIT: You also have two sets of knees - your low knees, and
      | your high knees.
 
    | etrevino wrote:
    | You're right
 
| zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
| &totse
 
| paulkrush wrote:
| I think of Hacker News as a source of interesting things that I
| as a nerd, did not know & this fits.
 
| anotherhue wrote:
| Ever wondered about those old 'U's that look like V?
| 
| Now you know why 'W' is so named.
 
| mcdonje wrote:
| "&" wasn't ever in the alphabet in the same capacity as the
| letters that represent sounds. It was there as a keyword
| signifying the end of the list. Then its name was expanded to
| clarify that it was not a normal letter but a keyword. Then that
| expanded name was misinterpreted by people who never needed the
| list termination signifier to begin with.
| 
| Lesson? KISS. They should've implemented it with brackets.
 
  | naikrovek wrote:
  | > It was there as a keyword signifying the end of the list.
  | 
  | as opposed to simply not continuing the list, or using the word
  | "end" somewhere? this doesn't make sense, to me. I find it
  | difficult to believe this.
 
    | mcdonje wrote:
    | I made an assumption based on how I understood the article.
    | After reading your comment, I searched around for more info.
    | Unfortunately, I can't find anything definitive. There are a
    | lot of articles about when and why it was removed (alphabet
    | song based on Twinkle Twinkle Little Star), but not much
    | about why it was added.
    | 
    | The common speculation seems to be that they put it in there
    | simply because it's a symbol. I think about the alphabet as
    | representing a class of characters that represents sounds,
    | which biased my interpretation of the story. However, others
    | could have thought of it as a list of symbols to know in
    | order to read (besides punctuation).
 
    | Brian_K_White wrote:
    | It's supported by the several references to old teaching
    | materials people have posted.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | saalweachter wrote:
  | What, you don't use & in your everyday spelling of words? &,
  | b&, c&le, d&y, gr&, p&a, r&om, v&al, w&er...
 
    | adzm wrote:
    | Let's not forget &c
 
      | mauvehaus wrote:
      | $ cat /&c/passwd
 
  | dagmx wrote:
  | Really they should have had a null. Create extra havoc with C
  | strings if null had the need to be a common char
 
    | kibwen wrote:
    | Danes and Norwegians are way ahead of you:
    | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98
 
      | skrebbel wrote:
      | What does O have to do with null? I mean sure it has a
      | similar shape to zero but so does O.
 
        | Aerbil313 wrote:
        | It's also the alternate representation of an empty set in
        | maths.
 
        | HWR_14 wrote:
        | But it goes the other way. That's math using non-latin
        | letters, which is a common practice. Not a weird
        | coincidence.
 
| weinzierl wrote:
| I always thought _amper_ was another word for merchant because in
| my native German the  & symbol is called _" Kaufmanns-Und"_,
| literally " _merchants-and "_.
 
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