[HN Gopher] Spherical tokamak achieves crucial plasma temperatures
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Spherical tokamak achieves crucial plasma temperatures
 
Author : rajnathani
Score  : 84 points
Date   : 2023-04-09 18:49 UTC (4 hours ago)
 
web link (www.eetimes.com)
w3m dump (www.eetimes.com)
 
| RangerScience wrote:
| One thing I've never figured out about fusion - how do you get
| the heat _out_ and turned into electricity?
| 
| (Presumably, water to steam then turbines, like everything, but
| how do you get the heat out from the reaction?)
 
  | apendleton wrote:
  | Depends on the reaction. Most efforts are around deuterium-
  | tritium fusion (that's the pair that's easiest to make fuse),
  | which emits most of its energy as high-energy neutrons. So for
  | these, yes, like the peer comment said, the neutrons are
  | hitting something that heats up (that's the "blanket," which
  | might be made of molten salt or metal), and then you can get
  | the heat out of that with a heat exchanger. The company
  | described in this article is aiming for D-T fusion.
  | 
  | There are other reactions one can pursue that produce charged
  | particles instead of neutrons. With these reactions, there are
  | alternative energy conversion pathways that turn the kinetic
  | energy of these charged particles directly into voltage, and
  | you can skip the turbine. Of the fusion startups, Helion is
  | probably the most prominent pursuing this kind of approach,
  | with a D-He3 reaction. See
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_energy_conversion for more
  | info on this general approach.
 
  | jamiek88 wrote:
  | That's kinda on the 'we'll figure it out later' track.
  | 
  | Materials are being investigated that can withstand the heat
  | and neutron bombardment to attach a steam turbine the old
  | fashioned way.
  | 
  | But we ain't there yet, not without having to constantly change
  | the 'walls'.
  | 
  | > Most of the energy produced inside a fusion reactor is
  | emitted in the form of neutrons, which heat a material
  | surrounding the fusing plasma, called a blanket. In a power-
  | producing plant, that heated blanket would in turn be used to
  | drive a generating turbine
 
  | Tuna-Fish wrote:
  | The simplest answer that's part of the plan for most DT
  | reactors is "as neutrons".
  | 
  | The fraction of the energy that is retained as velocity of
  | particles with a charge vs that is lost as the velocity of
  | neutrons turns out to be conveniently just about where you'd
  | want it to be. So, to capture the energy you need to surround
  | your reactor with something that effectively converts fast
  | neutrons to heat, such as a blanket of molten lithium, which
  | you then use as a heat source. Lithium is proposed because it
  | would also breed the necessary tritium.
 
| nelox wrote:
| This podcast covers the state of the art, including the spherical
| tokamak: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/babbage-from-the-
| econo...
 
| dejv wrote:
| They used to produce great Youtube channel:
| https://www.youtube.com/@tokamakenergy6400
 
  | robocat wrote:
  | One video that shows two guys inside the tokamak, installing a
  | diverter, which gives you an idea of the internal dimensions of
  | the toroid - 10 minutes into
  | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkkeCjgrG-0
 
| fandorin wrote:
| if you want to understand fusion and what the heck tokamak is - I
| can highly recommend Lex Friedman conversation with Dennis Whyte
| [1]. It's a great source of info not only about the fusion energy
| - Dennis describes so much more there! Amazing guy.
| 
| [1]
| https://open.spotify.com/episode/5X1TXNQ9zIo5PGJe80xtpv?si=Z...
 
| xqcgrek2 wrote:
| Marketing hype. This is very far from being useful.
 
  | lallysingh wrote:
  | Nobody said it would be. Did your RTFA? It's just a milestone
  | crossed.
 
| gus_massa wrote:
| I had to search it:
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_tokamak
| 
| > _A traditional tokamak has a toroidal confinement area that
| gives it an overall shape similar to a donut, complete with a
| large hole in the middle. The spherical tokamak reduces the size
| of the hole as much as possible, resulting in a plasma shape that
| is almost spherical, often compared with a cored apple._
 
| [deleted]
 
| trebligdivad wrote:
| I love the picture; HUGE bus bars at the top; stuff held together
| with random metal framing, and a couple of dangling UK 13A plugs!
 
  | post-it wrote:
  | I love the wooden ceiling above.
 
  | tyingq wrote:
  | That L-shaped piece of t-slot aluminum that's dead center in
  | the picture looks especially janky. Like sort of a quick and
  | dirty friction fit brace.
 
    | lostlogin wrote:
    | It looks like the inside of The Millennium Falcon, but with
    | more duct tape.
 
| thriftwy wrote:
| Tokamak cannot be spherical since To stand for Toroidal.
| 
| How about Sphekamak?
 
  | adastra22 wrote:
  | It is toroidal, just compressed so small that the packaging is
  | spherical.
 
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(page generated 2023-04-09 23:00 UTC)