[HN Gopher] If parrots can talk, why can't monkeys?
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If parrots can talk, why can't monkeys?
 
Author : belter
Score  : 66 points
Date   : 2023-04-03 21:22 UTC (1 hours ago)
 
web link (english.elpais.com)
w3m dump (english.elpais.com)
 
| rmellow wrote:
| > There was also a communications problem. Though they had an
| equivalent IQ of sixty, and could understand several hundred
| words of English, they were unable to talk. It had proved
| impossible to give useful vocal chords either to apes or monkeys,
| and they therefore had to express themselves in sign language
| 
| - Rendezvous with Rama (1973)
| 
| Guess it's more fiction than science fiction now.
 
  | catchnear4321 wrote:
  | It would be impossible to give them useful vocal cords. Just
  | not because of the vocal cords.
  | 
  | There should be a category specifically for invalidated science
  | fiction. Things found to be unpossible in any timeline,
  | assuming consistent laws of nature.
 
| triggerwarn wrote:
| [dead]
 
| [deleted]
 
| owenpalmer wrote:
| Parrots can't talk
 
  | earleybird wrote:
  | Parrots parrot parrots?
 
    | withinboredom wrote:
    | Parrots parroting parrots parodying parrots.
 
      | bhawks wrote:
      | Obviously we are the smart ones with our wonderfully clear,
      | expressive, and concise language. /s --kind of.
      | 
      | We really need to be aware of our own biases and biological
      | limitations if we actually want to study and understand the
      | ability of other animals to have complex communications.
      | Birds experience reality differently than we do - they see
      | more of visible spectrum, they can make multiple sounds at
      | once, etc. I wouldn't be surprised that what they can hear
      | and how they perceive things like time is very different
      | then us. Anyone observing parrots, crows, and other highly
      | social avians can see they have complex relationships.
 
  | capableweb wrote:
  | Guess it depends on what you mean exactly with "talk". They can
  | articulate phrases, isn't that enough?
 
    | cactusplant7374 wrote:
    | It's not language. It's basically mimicking humans.
    | 
    | Noam Chomsky on Nim Chimpsky and the Emergence of Language:
    | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a39vcatTCVU
    | 
    | Chomsky has a few other interviews where he addresses this.
 
      | withinboredom wrote:
      | You don't need a language to communicate (ask my cat -- or
      | any cat/dog). You also don't need words, but colloquially,
      | "talking" means using words, not using language. Someone
      | talking to you with random noises you can reproduce would
      | still be called "talking" whether or not it was a language.
      | 
      | In other words a baby saying "milk" because it wants milk
      | doesn't mean you should ignore it because it isn't using a
      | "language."
 
      | TexanFeller wrote:
      | > It's not language. It's basically mimicking humans.
      | 
      | I owned a parrot for a few years. The speech she had was
      | like a tape recorder, she could mostly only play back what
      | she heard in an identical manner. But she was able to play
      | back pieces of appropriate snippets in the right context to
      | express herself to a level that I'd call it talking. It's
      | not normal "speech", but if you gave an otherwise normal
      | human with damaged speech centers in their brain a tape
      | recorder it's very much like that.
 
  | withinboredom wrote:
  | [deleted due to unintended double-entendre]
 
  | ggm wrote:
  | Parrots talk to each other.
 
  | krackers wrote:
  | Only stochastically.
 
  | jedberg wrote:
  | They can certainly communicate their wants and needs with
  | words.
  | 
  | Some have shown the ability to communicate abstract thoughts
  | and feelings.
  | 
  | Why do you say they can't talk?
 
  | WakoMan12 wrote:
  | yes i can
 
  | junon wrote:
  | I have a parrot. He can talk, both contextually and randomly
  | (the former much less often, but does still happen).
  | 
  | Not sure what your criteria for "talking" are but, by all of my
  | own measures, my parrot sounds pretty much exactly like me in
  | most cases, and like a child in most others. The words are
  | clearly distinguishable, understandable, and in multiple
  | languages (he lives in a multi-language household).
  | 
  | So, yes. Parrots can talk. Can they converse? Sometimes
  | loosely, usually not at all. But they can very much talk.
  | 
  | If you mean that parrots do not understand the words and
  | construction they are speaking, sure. But at that point you're
  | splitting hairs. My parrot says "do you want it?" when he wants
  | a treat. He says "good night" when he wants to go to bed. He
  | says "c'mon!" when he wants me to come to him. He absolutely
  | talks.
  | 
  | Weird hill to die on.
 
    | Izmaki wrote:
    | My parrot will on every occasion that it stumbles, let out a
    | surprised "Oh!" followed by a "Good boy!" when he gets back
    | up again. I didn't sit around all day teaching him to say
    | "Oh!" whenever I pushed him off the branch and praise him
    | when he got back up again. I also don't tell myself I'm a
    | "Good boy!" whenever I get back up from a stumble (which
    | thankfully doesn't happen often at home to begin with). I'm
    | sure my parrot doesn't know what "Oh!" or "Good boy" means,
    | that is what the words mean in a human context. I'm also sure
    | that he doesn't know what _snapping finger noise_ followed by
    | a stern  "Ah-ah!" means, but he has used that on one occasion
    | when he was mad at me and wanted to tell me to back off if I
    | treasured the skin on my hands. (A learned behaviour from his
    | first and previous owner).
    | 
    | ...but at the end of the day, speech is in many ways "just" a
    | series of correct sounds at correct times in correct
    | situations, right? Does my parrot have a conversation with
    | me? Well yes, sometimes, but not with words. Does my parrot
    | mimic human words and phrases? Also yes, and sometimes in the
    | most perfect situations possible.
 
| ggm wrote:
| Infrasound aside, it seems that it's neural after all. Apes
| scream and grunt, so vocalisation follows gross mood. (I don't
| know if anyone has tested apes for ultra low frequency
| communications)
 
  | IIAOPSW wrote:
  | I don't follow why screams and grunts can only encode gross
  | mood. Presuming I can differentiate them enough to have some
  | amount of vocabulary, why can't I make a well reasoned and
  | abstract grunt?
 
    | sdenton4 wrote:
    | According to birds, we just emit a bunch of low pitched
    | grunts and noise all day.
 
      | IIAOPSW wrote:
      | Honestly, when you speedup or slow down the playback to be
      | in proportion to their size, all animals sort of sound the
      | same. This goes for whales all the way up to birds. Whale
      | sounds sped up are hilarious btw.
 
| pcrh wrote:
| It's interesting to compare this "sound-talk" that parrots can
| easily accomplish with the obviously greater intelligence of
| apes, who can't reproduce human sounds, with the debate over
| whether chatGPT is intelligent or not. Note that Koko was
| obviously a greater communicator than any parrot ever was.
| 
| Is mimicking human behaviour a necessary, or even sufficient,
| criteria for demonstrating cognition and intelligence?
 
  | tokyolights2 wrote:
  | The short story "The Great Silence" by Ted Chaing feels very
  | relevant here.
  | 
  | > The humans use Arecibo to look for extraterrestrial
  | intelligence. Their desire to make a connection is so strong
  | that they've created an ear capable of hearing across the
  | universe. But I and my fellow parrots are right here. Why
  | aren't they interested in listening to our voices? We're a
  | nonhuman species capable of communicating with them. Aren't we
  | exactly what humans are looking for?
 
  | PKop wrote:
  | I'm not sure how obvious it is; that story seems just as likely
  | to have been fraudulent as true.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | Chinjut wrote:
  | I believe there is significant scientific skepticism as to
  | whether Koko was communicating to the degree popularly
  | portrayed.
 
| [deleted]
 
| osamagirl69 wrote:
| A very interesting read, which describes how for ~50 years the
| community was lead astray by a seemingly simple oversight:
| studying dead animals instead of living ones!
| 
| >Charles Darwin theorized that monkeys had the vocal anatomy
| needed for speech, but lacked the necessary neural mechanisms.
| 
| >This was the most popular hypothesis until 1969 [when] Lieberman
| studied the vocal anatomy of a monkey corpse and concluded that
| other primates could not produce as many vowels as humans because
| of the position of their larynxes [which] cemented the idea that
| a descended larynx is a prerequisite for speech.
| 
| >Towards the end of the 20th century, evolutionary biologist W.
| Tecumseh Fitch realized a crucial fact - all the existing
| evidence was based on the anatomy of dead primates. Surprised
| that this had not been done before, Fitch used x-ray imaging to
| study the vocal tracts of live animals while they were voicing
| sounds. He was amazed to observe that their larynxes at rest
| remained high and then descended during vocalization to a
| position very similar to the human larynx.
| 
| >All these studies indicate that apes have all the anatomical
| characteristics necessary for speech. The reason they don't is
| purely neural. Humans have much better control of the larynx, not
| because of its position, but because of the neural connections
| that connect it to the brain. Parrots don't even have a larynx,
| but they have wonderful control of their speech organ, which
| enables them to articulate intelligible words and phrases.
| 
| Fascinating
 
  | nico wrote:
  | So human = monkey + LLM ?
  | 
  | Can we teach monkeys to use an LLM?
  | 
  | Could a multimodal model communicate with apes via sign
  | language or just showing images/video/sounds?
 
    | HopenHeyHi wrote:
    | I hate every ape I see.       From chimpan-a to chimpan-z,
    | No, you'll never make a monkey out of me.
 
    | nico wrote:
    | Ok, struck a nerve. Very strong reactions.
    | 
    | Some identities feel threatened.
    | 
    | Understood.
    | 
    | Thank you for being vulnerable here. I do hope you feel this
    | is a safe space to share your feelings.
 
      | PKop wrote:
      | A few simple replies to your statement and you fall apart
      | like this? Have you never engaged in an argument or what?
 
      | aylmao wrote:
      | Or, you know, maybe your comment is the conclusion of the
      | article at all.
 
    | traject_ wrote:
    | There's no reason to believe that LLMs are necessarily
    | similar to humans. Just think of flight; both birds and
    | planes can fly despite being very different. It's
    | understandable that because humans are our main reference for
    | intelligence that we see LLMs speaking language as a proof of
    | similarity but there's no concrete reason to assume that.
 
      | Archelaos wrote:
      | Here is a cognitive experiment were chimpanzees perform
      | better than humans:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKvX9PPmI-Q
 
      | behringer wrote:
      | Planes and birds do operate on the same principles though,
      | but instead of power through propellers birds are powered
      | via wings.
      | 
      | There's no reason to think an LLM would not work for a
      | monkey. Even if it is a different structure than how things
      | work in humans a parallel structure could offer more or
      | less the same benefits.
      | 
      | Anyway I buy the whole LLM thing, consider a baby, they
      | can't talk at all and only become coherent when you talk to
      | eachother just about non stop for 2 or 3 years.
 
    | rcme wrote:
    | That's not the conclusion at all. The article says monkeys
    | can understand and produce words (via signs). They can't talk
    | because they don't have control of their larynx. They're mute
    | essentially.
 
| ConanRus wrote:
| [dead]
 
| causality0 wrote:
| "If parrots can speak, why can't monkeys?" would be a more
| accurate headline.
 
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