[HN Gopher] Z-Wave Alliance Announces Z-Wave Source Code Project...
___________________________________________________________________
 
Z-Wave Alliance Announces Z-Wave Source Code Project Now Open and
Available
 
Author : JeanSebTr
Score  : 120 points
Date   : 2022-12-15 14:30 UTC (8 hours ago)
 
web link (z-wavealliance.org)
w3m dump (z-wavealliance.org)
 
| nicolaslem wrote:
| With all tech giants putting their weight behind a competing
| (open) standard, z-wave is probably feeling the pressure to adapt
| or become irrelevant.
 
  | VLM wrote:
  | Firmware for Matter is going to be enormous, zwave is a lot
  | simpler. Lots of pessimism in the market about the
  | interoperability of Matter. No mfgr is going to be motivated to
  | encourage their customers to interoperate with a competitors
  | gadget. My prediction is everything will ship with a "matter"
  | icon on it, but support will only be vertical silo, maybe even
  | worse than things are now.
  | 
  | Thread is basically a full wifi-ish TCP/IPv6 stack, so, again,
  | pretty huge compared to a tiny little zwave firmware.
  | 
  | Interesting angle to think about: Is the middle or end of a
  | chip shortage the worst possible time to ship a HUGE new
  | standard, or is it the best possible time because there's no
  | stockpile of smaller memory smaller CPU legacy
  | microcontrollers?
 
    | daenney wrote:
    | > My prediction is everything will ship with a "matter" icon
    | on it, but support will only be vertical silo, maybe even
    | worse than things are now.
    | 
    | There's already available evidence that contradicts that
    | prediction. Eve[1] is rolling out a firmware update for
    | Matter support that makes their devices usable across all
    | Matter supported platforms. There are some features that
    | aren't yet available at the Matter level so those will remain
    | in their own app for now. Despite being iOS-only previously
    | with Matter support they're now also reaching Android devices
    | and are working on an Android app for it too to cover the
    | missing features in Matter.
    | 
    | [1]: https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/12/23505097/matter-eve-
    | firm...
 
      | Dayshine wrote:
      | Why wouldn't there be a race to the bottom as soon as some
      | company finds a way to stamp out cheap white label
      | components?
 
  | manv1 wrote:
  | Yeah,it's going to be tough. However, the one good thing about
  | Z-Wave (even relative to zigbee) is interoperability - devices
  | pretty much work for the most part, even with generic drivers.
  | 
  | At some point there'll be a matter/thread bridge to z-wave.
  | 
  | The big question about matter/thread devices is cost.
  | 
  | The second is going to be security. If they're IPv6 then
  | they're globally addressable, which is bad bad bad. How is that
  | going to be mitigated? Is the hub going to be the router for
  | those devices and block all incoming connections?
  | 
  | I'm sure this is all in the docs somewhere.
 
    | daenney wrote:
    | > If they're IPv6 then they're globally addressable, which is
    | bad bad bad. How is that going to be mitigated?
    | 
    | I think you need to read up on IPv6 a bit. There are whole
    | IPv6 ranges set aside that are not globally routable / part
    | of the global unicast range[1].
    | 
    | Thread has link-local and mesh-local addresses. The global is
    | only gained through SLAAC/DHCP or manual configuration by an
    | administrator so by default no, your devices aren't
    | accessible to the outside world. And if you do have routable
    | IPv6 in your network, you should already have a firewall on
    | your network edge for this because all your existing devices
    | would already be exposed. The addressing primer[2] for Thread
    | also applies to Matter for further details.
    | 
    | [1]: https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-address-
    | space/ipv6-add...
    | 
    | [2]: https://openthread.io/guides/thread-
    | primer/ipv6-addressing
 
    | dmm wrote:
    | > If they're IPv6 then they're globally addressable
    | 
    | All ipv6 addresses are routeable but that doesn't mean
    | reachable. Link local and Unique local addresses are examples
    | of non-global ipv6 addresses.
    | 
    | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_local_address
 
| ksec wrote:
| What is Z-Wave. Are there any competing IEEE 802 standards?
 
  | netr0ute wrote:
  | Z-wave uses lower frequencies compared to something like Matter
  | so it you can use a lower power or get more range. One
  | competing 802 standard is 802.11ah, or WiFi HaLoW which barely
  | exists right now but should be the best thing available.
 
    | philsnow wrote:
    | Using lower frequencies also means you're not stepping on the
    | 2.4GHz band, so you won't have interference from wifi or
    | microwaves or whatever else.
 
  | darkhelmet wrote:
  | First, there was X10. There was appetite for something better.
  | There were several candidate replacements, including:
  | 
  | * UPB - Universal Powerline Bus (powerline)
  | 
  | * Insteon (powerline + wireless)
  | 
  | * Z-Wave (wireless)
  | 
  | * Zigbee (wireless)
  | 
  | Of these, Zigbee seems to be in the best position these days.
  | 
  | Z-Wave is/was a closed system - you had to get compatibility
  | testing/certification in order to sell products using the tech.
  | It's fairly lightweight, reliable, and well respected by users.
 
| pzo wrote:
| The title is confusing and sounds like just PR. I thought they
| mean "Z-Wave project is Open Source now" but looks like source
| code is still in private github repository and you need to be a
| "member" to get access.
| 
| What "Source Code Project" supposed to even mean? Any source code
| is part of some project(s).
 
  | hedora wrote:
  | The article links to this:
  | 
  | > _The goal of the source code project is to provide a rich
  | development environment containing relevant source code and
  | sample applications under BSD 3 License. The Z-Wave source code
  | project will enable members to contribute code to the project
  | under the supervision of the new OS Work Group (OSWG)._
  | 
  | Which doesn't clarify at all. Is OS "open source" or "operating
  | system", or something?
  | 
  | Is the relevant source code also BSD licensed? What does it
  | include?
  | 
  | My guess is that this is a teaser article for an event that
  | happened last month, and the repo is open now (or they forgot
  | to open it).
  | 
  | Anyway, I came here to figure out what Z-Wave is, and why it is
  | better than other smart home networks. Any ideas?
 
    | synergy20 wrote:
    | z-wave is kind of competing with zigbee for low power mid-
    | range wireless standard for smart home or smart building
    | since like 20 years ago? then we have low power bluetooth and
    | low-power wifi joined the party.
    | 
    | z-wave was proprietary which did not help its deployments,
    | but still I recall it was the most deployed low power
    | wireless devices for IoT. I worked on zigbee and never liked
    | it. I wish z-wave was more open back in time.
    | 
    | Did not track what's going on these days for low power mid-
    | range wireless, general feeling is that zigbee did not take
    | off, zwave is used as before(you license it and put it to
    | your sensors), and more and more are using low-power wifi and
    | even bluetooth instead.
 
      | horsawlarway wrote:
      | Personally - I got kinda the other feel. Seems like Z-Wave
      | is slowly dying in favor of zigbee devices.
      | 
      | I can't really even find z-wave bulbs right now. And
      | basically any device I might want (curtains, alarms,
      | sensors, lights, motors, thermostats, etc) comes in a
      | zigbee form.
      | 
      | I agree that Z-Wave did the better standards enforcement,
      | but Zigbee went with the age old route to success: manage
      | to be cheaper.
      | 
      | Throw in that the two most common automation situations
      | tend to be either:
      | 
      | 1. Upstream cloud service
      | 
      | 2. Local management engine (ex: HomeAssistant, OpenHab,
      | etc)
      | 
      | And it just doesn't really matter all that much how
      | compatible devices are in terms of point to point control.
      | I can just route the message through HA and take the action
      | I want - mixing and matching as needed.
      | 
      | Plus - Alexa pro ships a directly integrated zigbee hub
      | now, which got a lot of devices moving that direction, and
      | Ikea makes some great super cheap zigbee devices.
      | 
      | Bluetooth and Wifi devices are the worst of both worlds, in
      | my opinion. Wifi usually needs integration with an upstream
      | service which is a non-starter for me, and bluetooth is
      | just really limited on total device count. Both also eat
      | through a lot of power compared to z-wave/zigbee.
      | 
      | It's pretty cool that several recent zigbee switches are
      | completely battery/wire free. They literally use the energy
      | you expend to push to the button to send the signal.
 
        | bioemerl wrote:
        | In my experience both are dying in favor of iot/wifi
        | stuff.
        | 
        | Zwave is still strong in the commercial space
        | 
        | ZigBee is strong in the consumer space, especially light
        | bulbs that commercial systems do not want to use.
        | 
        | I'm thinking it'll be longer before zwave dies for real
        | vs zigbee, but it will only live on the back of the big
        | slow commercial entities that back it.
 
        | horsawlarway wrote:
        | I don't really see Zigbee dying right now. Hell - I used
        | it before home automation was really a thing back in
        | college almost 15 years ago now, and it's going strong
        | today.
        | 
        | Hue has always been all-in on Zigbee. (incl the new 3.0
        | standard -
        | https://developers.meethue.com/zigbee-3-0-support-in-hue-
        | eco...)
        | 
        | Ikea has gone basically all-in on Zigbee
        | (https://www.wired.co.uk/article/ikea-smart-home-kit-
        | reviewed...)
        | 
        | Amazon is embedding it their devices (At least 4
        | different models include a zigbee hub:
        | https://developer.amazon.com/en-
        | US/docs/alexa/smarthome/zigb...)
        | 
        | Wifi is basically a non-starter for any real automation
        | since it takes a boat load of power, and requires a non-
        | local server (at least without some serious work on your
        | part). It's a great intro spot for consumers who want to
        | try a color changing bulb they can control with their
        | phone, since the initial buy in cost is lower with no hub
        | - but it's not really the same.
        | 
        | For z-wave on the other hand... I literally cannot find a
        | place to buy a-19 standard socket bulbs that support it
        | right now. Lots of "controller kits" but no bulbs.
        | 
        | Same for thermostats - there's like 3 z-wave thermostats
        | on amazon right now. There are _dozens_ of zigbee models.
        | 
        | Honestly - on Amazon at least, a lot of searches for
        | "z-wave [device]" end up returning mostly zigbee results.
        | 
        | Ex: Go search Amazon for "Z-wave plug": Row 3 starts to
        | return zigbee devices.
        | 
        | Go search again for "Zigbee plug": It's zigbee devices
        | all the way down the page (one early result does both
        | zigbee and z-wave, but otherwise you have scroll waaay
        | down to see any overlap)
        | 
        | Basically - Having both Ikea and Amazon go in on Zigbee
        | has radically shifted the market from where it was 3
        | years ago (when I would have probably agreed that z-wave
        | was the better pick).
 
        | bioemerl wrote:
        | It's a very different experience if you go to Walmart and
        | try to find smart devices.
        | 
        | ZigBee devices are still available, but companies I've
        | seen that used to have them almost exclusively swapped to
        | WiFi over time.
        | 
        | Hue is still ZigBee for example, but the old generic
        | bulbs at home Depot? Gone. Liquidated. Nobody understands
        | smart hubs. Everyone understands their app.
        | 
        | Bulbs, plugs, sockets, even thermostats. What do you
        | think is the ratio of nest thermostats vs zigbee?
        | 
        | Big business buys thermostats from big retailers who sell
        | in batches of hundreds. My dad's home, built a year or
        | two ago, is wired up with zwave.
        | 
        | You don't see bulbs because the companies who set up
        | zwave almost exclusively stick the switches in the wall
        | and leave the lights dumb. Built to work for decades
        | without configuration sort of thing.
        | 
        | My thinking is that the wifi stuff is going to eat
        | ZigBees lunch, although your point about battery life is
        | a very good one.
        | 
        | Zwave, in the space it's in, seems more durable to me.
        | One day lights will go out and replaced with wifi bulbs
        | that everyone can use, but the companies using zwave are
        | way more picky and will not want to go wifi.
 
        | oceanplexian wrote:
        | > I can't really even find z-wave bulbs right now. And
        | 
        | Even though you can find a Z-Wave bulb, it defeats the
        | purpose of Z-Wave. Z-Wave isn't for consumables like
        | bulbs, it works best for hard-wiring electrical devices
        | into your home that will be permanently installed in a
        | professional installation. I wouldn't feel comfortable
        | putting a Zigbee switch in the wall since it's likely to
        | become obsolete, whereas I'd be confident Z-Wave will
        | still be around and supported in 10 or 15 years.
 
        | synergy20 wrote:
        | that's new to me, did not track this field for a few
        | years. zigbee protocol was too complex in the past for me
        | on resource restricted devices, while zwave is so much
        | light-weight, then that's just the technical side. maybe
        | that's why z-wave now opens up, it's forced to do so or
        | it dies.
 
        | Semaphor wrote:
        | Zigbee was bigger in Europe, Z-Wave in the US. Or at
        | least that was what I always read ;)
        | 
        | Philips Hue was always the big "Zigbee? Never heard of
        | that" Zigbee producer, nowadays, there are also good and
        | cost-effective things from Sonoff and Aqara, and cheap
        | but hit-or-miss devices by tuya (heavily white labeled)
 
      | zamalek wrote:
      | > general feeling is that zigbee did not take off
      | 
      | Z-Wave's primary advantage is, ironically, the openness of
      | the ecosystem. Due to the lack of a stringent certification
      | process Zigbee vendors can (and routinely do) lock devices
      | to their proprietary hub. I'm guessing that is one main
      | motivator for its failure. Though, keep in mind that Hue
      | (one of the most successful IoT vendors) is all open
      | Zigbee.
      | 
      | Zigbee's main advantage is that it's cheap.
      | 
      | Thread (the new standard to fix the old standards) is
      | apparently just "Zigbee, the good parts". We will see if
      | vendors drive it into uselessness like before.
 
        | synergy20 wrote:
        | thread is zigbee but more IPv6 friendly, they both run at
        | 2.4Ghz like wifi and bluetooth do, which could be crowded
        | and in short distance.
        | 
        | zwave by default is at 900Mhz so it goes much further
        | than 2.4Ghz and it even has a long-range version(for a
        | few km), that's another advantage of zwave.
        | 
        | all of them are low-power, all of them need a gateway or
        | hub to talk to wifi and the internet, other than zwave is
        | strictly co-operatable, zwave is also *much much*
        | simpler, if zwave truly opens up, it could take over the
        | competitors IMO.
 
        | mckeed wrote:
        | Yep, Z-Wave's advantage is that they enforce the
        | standards. They require that an end device from one
        | manufacturer can work with any other manufacturer's
        | controller.
        | 
        | That was a bigger deal when controllers were stand-alone
        | electronics products, though. Being in the cloud, a
        | controller like SmartThings can add one-off support for
        | non-standard end devices at any time, so there's less
        | need for everything to be on one standard.
 
        | [deleted]
 
      | Lendal wrote:
      | My house is standardized on Z-wave because I can afford a
      | bit extra $ for each device in exchange for reliability. I
      | can also add Zigbee if I need to, since my hub can do both.
      | I just haven't needed to yet. Everything is available in
      | both Zigbee and Z-wave versions, so I choose to pay the
      | extra for added reliability.
      | 
      | I haven't had much luck with Bluetooth and Wifi IoT
      | devices. They tend to last a couple of years and then die.
      | They also are more hassle to set up, and use more power. I
      | don't need more hassle in my life. Z-wave and Zigbee are
      | both more reliable, with Z-wave taking the slight edge over
      | Zigbee.
      | 
      | What's happening now is Thread (Matter) is coming. Thread
      | is basically Zigbee Mark II. Thread is on par with Z-wave,
      | but it supposed will retain its edge in cost benefit. I may
      | start buying Thread stuff as it becomes available, but the
      | problem is my mesh is solidly Z-wave. It doesn't seem
      | worthwhile to start replacing stuff that works perfectly
      | fine.
 
        | oceanplexian wrote:
        | Z-Wave also supports device associations which Zigbee
        | doesn't. You can permanently associate devices together
        | (i.e. switches) to create a virtual 3-way switch that
        | will work even if the "smart home hub" is down. Which,
        | from a reliability perspective is a much better design if
        | you're installing something commercially.
 
    | cptskippy wrote:
    | Z-Wave differentiates itself from other IoT networks in that
    | it's a closed proprietary network that you access by
    | purchasing their proprietary hardware. This offers network
    | stability and complete interoperability between devices
    | because it's all controlled by a single vendor. Z-Wave device
    | manufacturers interface with the proprietary hardware to
    | provide state and receive command.
    | 
    | Many vendors make USB dongles with Z-Wave Controller
    | interfaces hanging off of them that you can interface using a
    | terminal. These dongles allow anyone to make their own
    | Gateway for controlling other Z-Wave devices.
    | 
    | Because the interface is completely controlled and locked
    | down, it means vendors can't embrace/extend Z-Wave or lock
    | their devices down to their own proprietary controller.
    | 
    | There are some downsides to this setup, like distributing
    | updated firmware for devices is challenging. No one wants to
    | hand their blobs over to opensource projects to allow them to
    | push updates.
 
    | bluSCALE4 wrote:
    | Z-Wave stands out because many of this devices can act as
    | repeaters and extend your range. They also offer security
    | which others do not. They also work really well but can get
    | really expensive.
    | 
    | You're looking at 2-5x the cost of a Zigbee device. Zigbee is
    | not without it's problems but I've been able to solve mine
    | with $14 repeaters while my Z-Wave problems have complicated
    | solutions and still might be solvable.
 
  | gorbachev wrote:
  | The title is truncated. The full title is:
  | 
  | "Z-Wave Alliance Announces Z-Wave Source Code Project is
  | Complete, Now Open and Widely Available to Members"
  | 
  | The three last words are the key.
  | 
  | I was getting excited as well, but looks like Z-Wave is still
  | going to a closed group thing.
 
    | petre wrote:
    | At least it's under a BSD 3-clause license.
    | 
    | "The goal of the source code project is to provide a rich
    | development environment containing relevant source code and
    | sample applications under BSD 3 License."
    | 
    | https://z-wavealliance.org/z-wave-alliance-completes-z-
    | wave-...
 
    | infogulch wrote:
    | "Z-Wave Alliance: Source Code Now Open and Widely Available
    | to Members"
 
| coreyp_1 wrote:
| Everybody here keeps talking about how reliable Z-Wave is, and I
| absolutely HATE mine, and was telling someone last week that I
| would never recommend them to anyone. Have I just had a bad
| experience? I have 3 Z-wave switches, and once a month at least
| one of them needs to be reset. They just stop responding until
| the air gap switch is pulled. I hate them and I can't rely on
| them at all.
| 
| Conversely, I have 30+ Zigbee switches, and they are quite
| reliable.
| 
| The only reason that I have the 3 Z-wave switches is that I
| needed paddle switch fan controllers with an almond color, and I
| could only find them in Z-wave by Enbrighten. (Side note: why are
| almost ALL the smart switches only available in white?)
| 
| Of course, as I type this, my RPi with HomeAssistant got bricked
| with the latest update, so now my SmartHouse is not merely dumb,
| it's stubborn!
 
  | ugh123 wrote:
  | I had a regular resetting problem with a switch once. Bugged me
  | for months. Turned out the button switch would occasionally get
  | stuck in the pressed position and cause the reset. Bad design,
  | but wasn't the protocol/firmware's fault.
 
| solarkraft wrote:
| Sounds like a last resort for popularity. The market for IoT RF
| standards is consolidating and Z-Wave doesn't seem to be among
| the winners.
 
  | bluSCALE4 wrote:
  | The problem with Z-Wave is the price and consistency. I bought
  | an extender so it worked in the garage but it never worked.
  | I've spent hours/days trying to get them to work by closely
  | following instructions and buying dongles to better manage
  | nodes. Still, I never got my lock and switch to work. I'll
  | likely just end up replacing them with wifi devices at a
  | fraction of the cost.
 
  | Izkata wrote:
  | Some years ago when I was getting into this it looked to me
  | like Z-Wave was winning. Did something happen?
 
    | ars wrote:
    | Z-Wave is definitely the better protocol (vs Zigbee), but
    | Matter is partially based on Zigbee so everyone expects
    | Z-Wave to lose.
    | 
    | I don't agree, I think Z-wave will work with Matter using
    | bridging.
 
      | [deleted]
 
      | vardump wrote:
      | Any reasoning why? My home automation is 95%+ Zigbee, and I
      | don't see any issues. Mesh networking works very nicely,
      | reaching far corners of the house.
 
        | Jochim wrote:
        | AFAIK the majority of Zigbee products only act as end
        | device nodes and don't act as routers. So they won't
        | actually be doing anything to extend the mesh.
        | 
        | The main benefits of ZWave over Zigbee is superior
        | penetration, improved interoperability, and reduced
        | interference with WiFi devices.
        | 
        | One of the biggest issues with Zigbee is vendors selling
        | devices that only work with their gateway. As a consumer
        | it sucks because it's rare for a single vendor to excel
        | or even offer devices in every product category.
 
        | vardump wrote:
        | Majority (80%+) of my Zigbee devices act as routers,
        | light bulbs, sockets, switches, etc. Only sensors and
        | controllers are end device nodes.
        | 
        | > One of the biggest issues with Zigbee is vendors
        | selling devices that only work with their gateway.
        | 
        | Sold as such, but work as generic devices just fine, no
        | issues. You just need a Zigbee dongle and ZHA,
        | Zigbee2MQTT or deCONZ.
 
        | X-Istence wrote:
        | Z-Wave's mesh networking was a giant pain to get
        | functioning correctly, and good luck if devices were
        | multiple hops away... things would just randomly fall off
        | the network.
        | 
        | With Zigbee (IKEA TRADFRI and Philips Hue) I haven' had
        | any of those issues, nor with any of my Thread devices.
 
        | thewataccount wrote:
        | I have nordic dev chips, esp8266's, esp32's, etc.
        | 
        | I have some zigbee stuff with HA, and I have made some
        | custom sensors with esphome. I'd like to try some thread
        | stuff.
        | 
        | How are you currently using thread/what are you using it
        | with? Do you have any recommendations for how to get
        | started with it now - I've been rather confused as it
        | feels like its in limbo right now.
        | 
        | How do you like it compared to zigbee and wifi?
 
        | X-Istence wrote:
        | My Thread devices are all HomeKit devices, and they work
        | incredibly well. Once they are joined to the Thread
        | network they show up as IPv6 devices in mDNS and just
        | work.
        | 
        | I have a ton of Thread enabled lightbulbs, smart outlets,
        | and sensors on Thread, and I haven't had any issues.
        | 
        | They seem to mesh really well, store and forward for
        | devices that are sleepy just works, but sleepy devices
        | waking up and sending traffic is almost instant.
        | 
        | I do not own any devices that use WiFi, other than my
        | Ecobee thermostat. So I can't compare against that. I
        | would put the Thread devices up there alongside the
        | Zigbee devices in terms of reliability, if not more
        | resilient since I have multiple thread border router
        | capable devices (multiple HomePod mini's and Apple TV's
        | with Thread) so a device getting restarted (unlike a
        | Zigbee hub like Hue/IKEA TRADFRI) won't affect the
        | network/ability for the devices to trigger responses.
 
        | vineyardmike wrote:
        | > Once they are joined to the Thread network they show up
        | as IPv6 devices in mDNS and just work.
        | 
        | I don't have any thread devices but I've been eyeing
        | them.
        | 
        | Do they show up _to your router /networking gear_ as IP6
        | devices? I know that this is the underlying tech, and use
        | mDNS, and thread routers are IP routers, but I always
        | assumed they wouldn't integrate with existing IP home
        | networks.
 
      | Izkata wrote:
      | > so everyone expects
      | 
      | Hmm..
      | 
      | > Matter started life in 2019 as Project CHIP (Connected
      | Home over IP), a collaboration between some of the biggest
      | players in tech; Apple, Google, Amazon, Samsung, the Zigbee
      | Alliance, and various other tech brands, which aimed to
      | create a unified smart home standard. [0]
      | 
      | Ahh, that explains it. I bought most of my devices a few
      | years before this existed, and having those companies
      | involved pretty much guarantees people expecting this to
      | succeed over anything else.
      | 
      | Honestly though, Google and Amazon being involved make me
      | less interested in it. It pretty much guarantees requiring
      | a cloud connection.
      | 
      | [0] https://www.the-ambient.com/guides/matter-smart-home-
      | explain...
 
        | vineyardmike wrote:
        | > Honestly though, Google and Amazon being involved make
        | me less interested in it. It pretty much guarantees
        | requiring a cloud connection.
        | 
        | 1. Except the spec says otherwise...
        | 
        | Matter is basically a reworked Zigbee-over-IP with a
        | special "we think you should use Thread" push. The spec
        | (which is public), requires devices to work over LAN, but
        | provides an escape for devices to have extra proprietary
        | functionalities that aren't in spec. It doesn't require
        | LAN-only, but it is "at least LAN".
        | 
        | The spec is based off HomeKit's networking model (IP
        | based + mDNS discovery) with a data model closer to
        | Zigbee's (binary format, device node/trait/tree). Its
        | design-by-committee so you have lots of features, some of
        | which expect a cloud (ability for _devices_ to upload
        | logs) and some which don 't (general device control).
        | Almost none should require a specific cloud (eg. OTAs can
        | come from any hub, signed by manufacturer, logs can be
        | uploaded to any hub's cloud).
        | 
        | You should be able to run any hub/voice-
        | assistant/controller you want. Apple HomePods should
        | allow most cloud-free control for a major company's
        | product, while something like HomeAssistant will allow
        | complete OS self-hosted control.
        | 
        | 2. Google and Amazon obviously have cloud interfaces, but
        | both also already allow LAN-control of smarthome devices
        | already, and that will accelerate as they push into
        | matter.
        | 
        | This will help them lower cloud hosting costs themselves
        | (which is a major expense, see Alexa layoffs). Amazon
        | seems less committed to Matter, but Google was one of the
        | major matter contributors (along with Apple), and
        | "donated" a bunch of IP to get it working (eg thread).
        | Most companies will probably push for LAN control due to
        | latency/UX impacts, especially since the can still gather
        | out-of-band performance metrics via hubs.
        | 
        | Alexa and Google Assistant are starting to move to on-
        | device NLU and processing, so cloud-phobia or aversion is
        | likely not going to be a major problem in a few years.
 
    | Lendal wrote:
    | The new Thread protocol (part of Matter) is basically Zigbee
    | on steroids which gets it up to parity with Z-wave. The
    | reason to choose Z-wave over Thread is that Z-wave works now
    | and has many devices available to buy, while Thread works in
    | theory and the devices are very few in number. Thread devices
    | are due out in force next year. So this actually is perfect
    | timing for Z-wave to make this move now, right as the first
    | wave of Thread devices are approaching.
 
      | xattt wrote:
      | There were a bunch of missed opportunities for Zigbee to
      | become enshrined in the home.
      | 
      | For example, the first and second-gen Nest thermostats had
      | a Zigbee radio built-in. At acquisition by Google, Nest
      | heavily leaned into the wifi/cloud side for control and the
      | Zigbee radio was squandered, other than for some esoteric
      | "Works with Nest" protocol that maybe 2 other third-party
      | devices supported.
      | 
      | Edit: I stand corrected by the comment below.
 
        | oflannabhra wrote:
        | That is an inaccurate history. Nest has always been IP-
        | based and drove much of the initial Thread standard.
        | Their radio was 802.15.4, but not Zigbee.
 
  | ars wrote:
  | The owner of Z-Wave is also a major contribute to Matter. I
  | think they can work together.
  | 
  | See: https://z-wavealliance.org/matter-1-0-is-here-and-z-wave-
  | is-...
  | 
  | Also: https://www.silabs.com/blog/bridging-non-matter-devices-
  | to-a...
 
  | culi wrote:
  | as someone out of the loop on IoT standards in general, are
  | there any central orgs pushing these standards? Are open
  | standards winning at least?
 
    | sigspec wrote:
    | "Matter" has basically everyone:
    | 
    | https://csa-iot.org/members/
 
      | Jochim wrote:
      | You've got to love a $7k/year fee for the privilege of
      | paying $3k per product to say you support their standard.
 
| cherioo wrote:
| One thing i have read but not seen brought up here yet is that
| zwave has so far only have one hardware soc vendor (silicon
| labs). This would seem like how they have been able to enforce
| certification compliance. And it's probably leads to higher cost
| (hardware and software?) and thus lower adoption.
| 
| This open source project reportedly will start allowing more chip
| vendor as well, so it will be interesting how that affects the
| ecosystem.
 
| slimginz wrote:
| Now that Matter and Thread are finally starting to roll out, is
| there really any good reason for new products to still use
| Z-Wave? Or am I just crazy to see this as Z-Wave trying to
| continue a format war (first started with Zigbee) that they're
| almost certainly going to lose?
 
  | ars wrote:
  | Z-Wave has a much better range, and uses a less congested radio
  | band.
  | 
  | Matter and Thread can work with Z-Wave devices with the help of
  | a bridge, so it's not as bad as you might think.
  | 
  | But yes, this is an attempt to compete with Zigbee.
 
  | ihattendorf wrote:
  | Z-Wave devices are almost universally better (longer battery
  | life, longer range, more reliable, etc.) than Zigbee (I have
  | both). Not sure if this is based on price (Z-Wave devices being
  | more expensive), certification, different radio frequency, or
  | something else.
  | 
  | With the investment into Thread (still sharing frequency with
  | 2.4 GHz WiFi) I could see this changing.
 
    | vineyardmike wrote:
    | I don't own ZWave devices, but comments here seem to question
    | their superiority.
    | 
    | The range and battery life is likely due to the lower-
    | frequency it uses, which is less congested and longer range.
    | Typically, this will translate to a lower power usage (better
    | battery life).
 
  | rlpb wrote:
  | AIUI, Z-Wave means interoperability at device level, without
  | even a controller or a compatibility shim, across a variety of
  | manufacturers. Niche devices can exist because it's easy for a
  | niche manufacturer to integrate. And if my Internet connection
  | is down, or even the controller is down, the system still
  | functions with graceful degradation only.
  | 
  | With Zigbee, AIUI you get a mostly closed system locked in to
  | whichever Zigbee vendor you chose. Interoperability only occurs
  | at a higher level in a much more error-prone and lowest common
  | denominator fashion.
 
  | worldmerge wrote:
  | Do Matter and Thread use wifi or are they a different radio
  | freq?
 
    | dwaite wrote:
    | Thread is a mesh protocol on 6LoWPAN, which in turn is based
    | on the same underlying 802.11.4 as Zigbee in the 2.4 Ghz
    | spectrum.
    | 
    | Its claims to fame is having reasonable response
    | times/batteru life and being based on IPv6. Being based on IP
    | allows devices to talk to one another, and for bridging those
    | devices to the broader network and potentially to the
    | internet with clear layer separation.
    | 
    | Matter is a IP-based IoT discovery and use standard. Devices
    | advertise Thread and/or Wifi support for wireless support. It
    | also standardizes onboarding (I know BLE is an option there)
    | and the underlying security, and mandates certain
    | capabilities such as supporting multiple 'admin' software at
    | once.
    | 
    | Devices using other wireless tech can also theoretically work
    | with Matter with a gateway that does protocol translation,
    | supports device onboarding, and then exposes them onto the
    | network.
 
      | kps wrote:
      | > _Devices using other wireless tech can also theoretically
      | work with Matter with a gateway_
      | 
      | Signify (nee Philips Lighting) has got Matter certification
      | for their Hue hub.
 
    | ihattendorf wrote:
    | Thread is a mesh IPv6 based network that operates over the
    | 2.4 GHz ISM band but is not WiFi. Matter is a communication
    | protocol built on top of Thread, WiFi, and BLE (and
    | potentially others in the future).
 
      | vineyardmike wrote:
      | > Matter is a communication protocol built on top of...
      | 
      | Matter is a communication protocol built on top of IP, with
      | a special blessing to Ethernet, Wifi, BLE, and Thread.
 
    | petre wrote:
    | Thread and ZigBee operate in the 2.4 Ghz and also 833/915 Mhz
    | although in practice I've never seen any devices that
    | explicitly claim to be using the sub Ghz bands. It's not
    | WiFi, it's IEEE 802.15.4. Matter supports devices connected
    | through WiFi, Thread and Ethernet with BT provisioning.
 
  | ocdtrekkie wrote:
  | Z-Wave is a better technology. I want home automation hardware
  | to be simple, reliable, and not Internet connected.
 
    | vardump wrote:
    | I'm using no cloud Zigbee home automation. Seems to be very
    | reliable and has really great range thanks to the mesh
    | networking. It's also really simple.
    | 
    | Zigbee allows using multiple vendors with ease, not tied to
    | just one manufacturer.
    | 
    | Again, no internet connection required.
 
      | ocdtrekkie wrote:
      | I'm using Insteon personally, which is mesh networked but
      | relatively similar to Z-Wave. (And it's entirely
      | proprietary still.)
      | 
      | It's not just about cloud connectivity though: I don't want
      | my home automation hardware speaking IP or anything like
      | it. Nor do I want them to need a complicated enough
      | protocol to justify requirements like firmware updates. All
      | of this introduces opportunities for security flaws and the
      | ability to create botnets.
      | 
      | Home automation hardware should be simple, take simple
      | instructions over local communication bands, and then a
      | single central controller should bring the greater
      | intelligence and access.
      | 
      | I think my Insteon thermostat is nearly the ideal smarthome
      | product: It's a thermostat, and can work entirely
      | standalone as just that. It cannot be updated or
      | reprogrammed. But it will accept commands (no different
      | than button presses on the front of it) over the RF
      | protocol, and of course, send its sensor data and operating
      | status.
      | 
      | Things like incidents where Nests had software updates that
      | let everyone freeze or whatever in the winter just... isn't
      | really a concern with a good design like this.
 
| X-Istence wrote:
| I installed Z-Wave all over my house. Replaced all the switches,
| got the sensors, light bulbs where necessary, everything was
| Z-Wave... and it was a nightmare.
| 
| I ended up selling the house with everything Z-Wave still in it,
| and the new owners were happy to have a "Smart Home" capable
| home, but I will never again touch Z-Wave.
| 
| Once your Z-Wave network grows past a certain number of devices
| it becomes too chatty and devices will be unable to communicate
| data. That led to motion sensors being incredibly slow and or not
| triggering when needed. Light bulbs wouldn't change colors until
| seconds or sometimes minutes later when the network was freed up
| enough to send the commands.
| 
| These days I have three systems: Zigbee (through Ikea TRADFRI and
| Philips Hue), Lutron (Caseta wireless), and Thread (through
| HomeKit).
| 
| I have a bunch of sensors on both Zigbee and Thread and they fire
| in HomeKit and HomeKit takes actions to turn on/off lights as
| necessary.
| 
| Lights turn on/off almost instantly, motion sensors just work
| (the Thread ones especially are incredibly fast), I've got
| temperature sensors/lightbulbs on Thread as well.
| 
| I am looking forward to seeing what Matter/Thread bring next as
| that is definitely where I will be concentrating my purchases.
| Z-Wave had a chance, and unfortunately it did not seem
| architected/high bandwidth enough for the amount of devices I
| ended up having on my Z-Wave network (~200 devices)...
 
  | specto wrote:
  | Agreed! Messes with Wifi too.
 
  | wesapien wrote:
  | Did you consider separate VLANs for each type of Z-Wave
  | hardware to reduce the broadcasts?
 
    | dljsjr wrote:
    | As the other commenter said it's not a LAN issue. Z-Wave is a
    | mesh radio protocol totally independent of the LAN. There are
    | in fact issues with older Z-Wave specs and versions bogging
    | down due to congestion.
 
    | resonanttoe wrote:
    | Zwave talks on 800-900MhZ and doesn't share medium with
    | ethernet frames, so there isn't a concept of VLANs. Each
    | Device meshes with anything and everything in its immediate
    | broadcast range to provide some elasticity to the network. I
    | can imagine at some high point of devices that the medium
    | could become saturated
 
    | burnte wrote:
    | The problem isn't the network, it's the number of devices.
 
      | enobrev wrote:
      | My (likely incorrect) assumption has been that my zwave
      | stick is handling everything serially and falls behind when
      | traffic spikes.
 
        | X-Istence wrote:
        | It's not that the Z-Wave stick falls behind, when a
        | Z-Wave device is broadcasting everything else has to go
        | quiet (nature of RF), but the transmission speed is just
        | very low, so when chatty devices (think sensors that
        | report multiple bits of information such as humidity,
        | temperature, light level, UV level, and more) are sending
        | data you can't also turn on a light.
        | 
        | When you have a lot of those devices on the Z-Wave
        | network (multiple motion sensors in a room to do more
        | accurate presence detection and the like) those chatty
        | devices slow down the network tremendously.
 
  | StreamBright wrote:
  | What was the problem you solved with Z-Wave?
 
  | enobrev wrote:
  | I have ~65 Z-Wave devices around my house, and I definitely
  | notice lag from time to time. Recent versions of Z-Wave seem to
  | be significantly faster and I've noticed it less.
  | 
  | I can't say I _love_ dealing with Z-Wave. But I do like having
  | a single protocol throughout my house. At the very least, any
  | issues I have tend to be consistent. I'd say in this past
  | 6-months, I've practically had zero problems. I blame that
  | overall improvement on ZwaveJs, because some of these devices
  | are at least 5 years old and they're just cranking away without
  | issue right along side my more recent Zooz and Inovelli
  | devices.
  | 
  | That said, I've been strongly considering multiple Z-wave hubs,
  | each running zwave2mqtt with a central mqtt server just to keep
  | everything as fast as possible.
 
    | X-Istence wrote:
    | The single protocol throughout my house was my primary goal
    | too, just to reduce complexity of having to deal with
    | multiple hubs and integrations... but with my new house I did
    | away with that.
    | 
    | Lutron Caseta for physical in-wall switches, IKEA Tradfri for
    | cheap motion sensors/lighs, Philips Hue for more expensive
    | motion sensors/lights, and a whole slew of Thread enabled
    | devices, all controlled from HomeKit.
    | 
    | I don't really notice that its a bunch of different
    | protocols/wireless standards underneath. I can control it
    | from a single location which also makes it easier for
    | guests/people visiting. Hand them an iPad with the Home app
    | and they can control the house, or add them a Guest to my
    | home on their own iOS devices.
    | 
    | I do miss some of the more advanced Home Assistant stuff I
    | was doing, but overall the experience has been much cleaner,
    | and with almost 0 lag.
 
  | montjoy wrote:
  | Sounds like you had some non-zwave+ devices or you were using a
  | lot of s0 encryption. Both are known to slow down the network.
  | Like everything it's gotten better over time. The 700 series
  | stuff is pretty quick.
 
    | WXLCKNO wrote:
    | Encryption was insanely slow when I first tried it on my
    | Inovelli Red Series switches. Without encryption it was an
    | instant (feeling) response time.
 
    | oceanplexian wrote:
    | I'm also running a Zwave network and it's highly responsive
    | with around 50 devices. A friend of mine is running a few
    | hundred devices and I haven't heard him complain much about
    | it, all of his actions/triggers/etc seem to execute pretty
    | much instantly. I'm going to guess that his network topology
    | has a lot devices that are only accessible by repeaters, or
    | aren't using Zwave+. Zwave is pretty much _the standard_ for
    | large professional smart home installations and scales pretty
    | well if implemented properly.
 
      | X-Istence wrote:
      | All the devices were Z-Wave+, it was the one thing I was
      | buying for. Not all of them supported the new encryption
      | standard which started rolling out after I deployed most of
      | my switches.
      | 
      | This was in a ~1400 sq ft house, with a little over 200
      | devices (motion sensors/lights/switches/smart
      | plugs/humidity sensors/weather sensors). The network had a
      | few repeaters the longest hop was 2 hops from the
      | controller to the end device.
 
        | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
        | > humidity sensors/weather sensors/motion sensors
        | 
        | This was your problem. I've been using Z-Wave in my house
        | since, I think, around 2010. I had major major issues
        | with it at first exactly like what you describe. I
        | "fixed" them by doing two things.
        | 
        | A) Banished all battery powered devices from the network.
        | Seriously. I have one in a hall closest I haven't gotten
        | around to getting rid of, yet. The network seems fine-ish
        | with only that sensor but large volumes of battery
        | powered mostly asleep devices, it falls over.
        | 
        | B) Abolished any notion of using my Z-Wave network for
        | sensor reporting. No tracking humidity or weather or
        | power with my Z-Wave network because, as you mention, the
        | Z-Wave network completely falls over when you have
        | volumes of sensor traffic on it.
        | 
        | Want to have one humidity sensor which reports hourly?
        | Sure that's fine.
        | 
        | Want to have a humidity sensor in every room which
        | reports every time there is a 1% change in humidity? lol
        | no, your network will fall over.
        | 
        | My Z-Wave networks are quite large at this point, 200-300
        | devices, and consist of Jasco/GE switches, Jasco/GE fan
        | controls, Jasco/GE smart outlets.
        | 
        | Removing sensor traffic and battery powered devices from
        | my Z-Wave network has made it extremely reliable for me.
        | Unscientifically I would say 99% of Z-Wave control
        | commands execute in <1s.
 
      | jzawodn wrote:
      | Yeah, I used virtually all Z-Wave switches and dimmers in
      | our new house (and motion sensors, temp sensors, etc) and
      | haven't had an issue. The one time things seemed a bit
      | laggy I had to "optimize" the network, which I realized I
      | had NEVER done until that point. All issues went away.
      | 
      | We have well over 100 Z-Wave devices spread over 4000 sqft.
 
        | X-Istence wrote:
        | That's less devices over a larger area than I had.
        | 
        | My house was 1200 sq ft, with a little over 200 devices.
 
        | kansface wrote:
        | What does optimize mean in this case?
 
        | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
        | The Z-Wave network, while being a mesh network, is not a
        | dynamic mesh. Nodes follow a precomputed path from
        | themselves to the controller (with backup paths -- it's
        | based on a node having a predefined list of adjacencies).
        | You need to regularly poll each node in the system and
        | determine it's optimal path from controller->node and
        | node->controller and redefine it's adjacency list.
        | 
        | This process is entirely automated but does take some
        | time. It's absolutely critical to do this when adding a
        | new device (both for the new device, as well as the
        | overall network) but I found that just doing it regularly
        | works great. I have all my networks configured to do this
        | at 4AM daily since the network is unusable for the few
        | minutes it takes.
 
    | X-Istence wrote:
    | I was an early adopter for sure. This was back in 2016ish
    | when I installed all of the devices. All of the devices were
    | Z-Wave+ (specifically bought for that) but many of them did
    | not support the newer encryption, and it ended up being a
    | mixed network of devices for sure. Only the last few devices
    | I bought supported the new encryption standard that was being
    | rolled out at the time. I ended up getting a new Z-Wave hub
    | that supported it to be able to securely enroll my new
    | devices... but all it did was destabilize the network
    | further.
    | 
    | It just left a horrible taste in my mouth, and once bitten,
    | twice shy is definitely the case here.
    | 
    | The other thing that made things slow was sleepy devices that
    | would wake up to report status. Things like motion sensors
    | that also reported humidity, light levels, temperature and
    | more (I do wish I could find a sensor like that for
    | Zigbee/Thread... the multiple things in one was kinda nice).
    | Every time they would wake up to report it would flood the
    | network with traffic. And with each additional sensor I would
    | have to tweak how often that would happen (and thus how
    | accurate the data was over time) to reduce the amount of
    | chatter on the network.
 
  | willio58 wrote:
  | What you described is exactly why I'm waiting to install more
  | automation in my home. I think Matter + Homekit (assuming Apple
  | continues to work on Homekit as it's still pretty clunky for me
  | UX-wise) will eventually be the solution for me as I'm already
  | so deep in that Apple ecosystem.
  | 
  | If you've watched Linus Tech Tips videos recently, there's
  | hours of content covering his Z-Wave woes. It's funny, his
  | house is supposed to be automated but it ends up eating
  | significantly more of his time in debugging than a manual house
  | would.
 
    | chime wrote:
    | If you have good wifi, you don't need to wait. I have a two
    | story house and the floor plan looks like a T-shape, so I
    | basically have 6 different zones. I pulled Cat6 everywhere
    | for decent AP coverage. Right now I have about 80 Meross
    | light switches and dimmers, 6 wifi blinds, wifi garage
    | openers, Ecobee thermostats, multiple Apple TVs, ton of
    | personal devices - easily over 200 devices on the LAN, most
    | of them connected to HomeAssistant. Instant status updates
    | with no problems except for the occasional need to reboot a
    | wall switch due to power issues. Meross has a tiny hidden
    | button at the bottom of each switch that instantly reboots
    | the switch.
    | 
    | I bought Meross products off Amazon in bulk and absolutely
    | love them. I have single pole switches, 3 way switches,
    | single pole dimmers, 3 way dimmers, and a few smart plugs,
    | power strips, and RGB bulbs.
    | 
    | PS: I even have a few Z-Wave devices and bought Zooz Hub
    | ZST10-700 to work with HomeAssistant. I use these to measure
    | power consumption on a garage freezer and a space heater. As
    | long as the Z-Wave devices are close to the hub, there's no
    | issue. But oddly enough they sometimes send negative power
    | usage data which HA complains about.
 
    | tomkaos wrote:
    | The funniest part is he have to use two smart thermostat in
    | each room and he realize that one smart thermostat heat up
    | the other one and fucked up the temperature reading.
 
| oflannabhra wrote:
| I see a lot of confusion in the thread regarding IoT, and to
| clear up some of that, IoT operates across multiple different
| layers of the OSI model: PHY, Network, Application. PHY is how
| data is modulated (think radios, etc), Network is how data is
| shared / routed (think WiFi), Application is the contents of the
| data across the network (ie, Light: Off)
| 
| IEEE 802.15.4 - a PHY standard, equivalent to 802.11 standards
| that WiFi is built on top of.
| 
| Z-Wave - a recently acquired technology that vertically slices
| the entire OSI model, defining PHY interaction, network
| communication, and application. SiLabs recently acquired it, but
| it has always only offered chips from a single company.
| 
| Zigbee - multiple versions of several standards: the most popular
| used the 802.15.4 standard for the PHY, but used custom
| networking and custom application layers.
| 
| Thread - a 6LoWPan mesh network protocol, built on top of
| 802.15.4. It provides the Networking layer, but does not define
| application layers. Allows for IPv6 traffic. It also defines some
| security and BLE interop. Lots of companies make Thread chips and
| offer their own Thread stacks
| 
| Matter - an Application layer standard that defines the shape and
| behavior of messages sent across a variety of different
| networking technologies: Thread, WiFi, etc. Requires IPv6, and
| potentially border routers to translate the PHY differences.
 
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