[HN Gopher] November 2022 Progress Report
___________________________________________________________________
 
November 2022 Progress Report
 
Author : Wowfunhappy
Score  : 197 points
Date   : 2022-11-22 15:56 UTC (7 hours ago)
 
web link (asahilinux.org)
w3m dump (asahilinux.org)
 
| Wowfunhappy wrote:
| > But what about the display brightness? [...] In order to
| support the display output properly, we need a driver for Apple's
| DCP coprocessor and its firmware. We've already talked about DCP
| in the past, and how cursed the interface is! Since then, Alyssa
| wrote a Linux kernel DRM KMS driver for DCP and Janne took over
| maintenance, and he's been steadily adding features, including
| brightness control support.
| 
| > However, it does come with some caveats: the driver [...] may
| also reduce performance on some setups, since it is really meant
| to be used together with GPU acceleration (the simpledrm
| framebuffer driver has some software rendering optimizations that
| DCP lacks) and clients using the modern atomic-modeset and swap
| APIs, like Wayland compositors. It also has some limitations when
| used with legacy clients such as Xorg - in particular, there is
| no support for true VBlank interrupts, and it is unclear whether
| the hardware/firmware supports this at all. This breaks XFCE4's
| window manager with compositing enabled. For these reasons, we
| are not enabling DCP by default for all users
| 
| Is there a reason they can't use the DCP driver to change display
| brightness without switching over to it entirely? It sounds like
| DCP and GPU acceleration probably ought to ship together--but
| IMO, changing display brightness is a must-have, in order to use
| a laptop comfortably in different ambient environments.
 
  | X-Cubed wrote:
  | They mentioned that the display output is currently using a
  | framebuffer provided by the boot loader. I suspect when the DCP
  | is initialized, the screen starts displaying a different
  | framebuffer provided by the DCP, so if it was just used for
  | brightness the screen would go blank.
 
    | Wowfunhappy wrote:
    | Could you switch it back afterwards though? Having it
    | temporarily blank to switch brightness doesn't seem so awful.
 
| gigatexal wrote:
| There should be case studies written by what this team of
| engineers has been able to accomplish. Everyone said why? Don't
| do it. It's not worth it. And yet. Here we are. What amazing
| work. I can't wait to get an M series chip powered Mac and limit
| Linux on it because of these folks.
 
| yewenjie wrote:
| How big is the Asahi Team? I wonder, since there is so much of
| community interest in the final product, why do we not see a lot
| more community participation in the development as well?
 
  | Wowfunhappy wrote:
  | What makes you say there isn't community participation? The
  | repo for m1n1, at least, has 42 contributors according to
  | Github[1]. There's plenty more reporting bugs and such, and
  | their IRC channel seems relatively active.
  | 
  | 1: https://github.com/AsahiLinux/m1n1
 
| hendersoon wrote:
| Work on Mx GPU drivers is particularly interesting as it could
| allow for performant MacOS virtualization on commodity PC
| hardware. Right now if you virtualize MacOS interactive desktop
| performance is unusably slow unless you pass through a PCIe GPU.
 
  | my123 wrote:
  | Nah, Apple has a very clean Metal paravirtualisation ABI. This
  | allows to decouple the VM from the underlying HW.
  | 
  | macOS 12 VMs will run on Mac hardware that doesn't even exist
  | yet, with GPU acceleration.
 
    | jamesfmilne wrote:
    | Only supports Metal though, no OpenGL apps (even through
    | their OpenGL implementation is written on top of Metal).
 
  | Wowfunhappy wrote:
  | I... don't think it will. There's a pretty big difference
  | between writing a driver for a GPU and actually emulating that
  | GPU, much less with reasonable performance.
  | 
  | And I do think that's what you'd have to do, because unlike on
  | Intel, macOS on Apple Silicon does not support software
  | rendering.
 
| bityard wrote:
| > Ah, but when people say "power management", what they usually
| mean is "suspend". See, ancient x86 platforms (where "ancient"
| means "everything prior to 2015 or so") don't have reasonable
| real idle power management like Apple Silicon Macs do.
| 
| Well, I've been perfectly happy with the "ancient" power
| management of my computers. It took a decade or two until
| suspend/resume actually _worked_ most of the time, and now all of
| that has been swapped out wholesale by a set of states that are
| at least an order of magnitude more complicated.
| 
| Apparently on newer chipsets, there is no such thing as "suspend
| to RAM" anymore. Instead, they rely on the OS to micro-manage the
| sleep states of all the various component that make up the
| system. I can see this being effective in smartphones where one
| vendor (Apple, Google) owns the whole stack of hardware,
| firmware, and software plus a large chunk of every third-party
| application by tightly controlling what code can run. They can
| actually run functional tests on the whole stack under varying
| conditions and have access to every part to debug issues.
| 
| Heck, it probably works great on Apple computers for the same
| reasons. But on general-purpose computers made up of components
| from dozens of manufacturers running dog-knows-what software and
| drivers, I don't think it can ever work well. There is already
| lots of evidence that these "modern" intermediate sleep states
| are causing real problems not only for Linux users (poor battery
| life while running, high battery drain while suspended) but also
| Windows users whose laptops bake themselves to death inside a
| backpack because a toolbar widget or something woke the system up
| at 3 a.m. and it then decided to run Windows Update.
| 
| When I suspend my laptop, I want to know, with _certainty_, that
| it will stay suspended until I physically open it. From
| everything I've been reading, newer laptops offer no such
| guarantee. The only way to know that your computer won't wake up
| on its own is by powering it completely down, like we did in the
| 1990s. Not looking forward to that.
| 
| I am all for more power-efficient computers but introducing these
| new sleep states while throwing out the old ones completely
| really feels like some backwards pageantry.
 
  | bombcar wrote:
  | Powering them all the way down doesn't even work sometimes; you
  | have to physically open the case and disconnect the battery.
  | It's really annoying.
 
  | PartiallyTyped wrote:
  | I remember that an older machine, a core 2 duo laptop that I
  | had could stay in deep sleep for weeks and it'd function just
  | fine after.
  | 
  | Modern laptops don't seem to have this capability
  | unfortunately. Both my Mac and Linux machine (even with
  | windows) doesn't seem to last as long these days.
 
  | fnordpiglet wrote:
  | That's why I do all my computing on a Univac 1100/80. I've even
  | hacked a clamshell for it so I can port it around.
 
  | deaddodo wrote:
  | > Well, I've been perfectly happy with the "ancient" power
  | management of my computers. It took a decade or two until
  | suspend/resume actually _worked_ most of the time, and now all
  | of that has been swapped out wholesale by a set of states that
  | are at least an order of magnitude more complicated.
  | 
  | This. I _want_ suspend /deep sleep. I don't mind slow wake; and
  | I definitely don't want bluetooth, wifi, etc running while it's
  | supposed to be idle. 90% of the issues with Windows on Laptops
  | waking and causing them to overheat in backpacks is because of
  | this bullshit half-sleep/smart-sleep they've started adding
  | _and_ forcing users to live with.
  | 
  | At least let _me_ , as an informed person, choose to allow my
  | laptop to suspend still.
 
    | astrange wrote:
    | There's no cost to "bluetooth wifi etc" being on and not
    | doing anything unless you're operating an RF chamber or have
    | the security needs of a head of state.
    | 
    | It doesn't significantly affect battery life; any time in
    | your own life you've spent thinking about this would be
    | better spent playing with your dog, or getting a dog so you
    | can play with it.
 
      | wtallis wrote:
      | Keeping WiFi and BT on usually means you're keeping the
      | PCIe and USB links on (or at least waking up frequently),
      | which means you're also preventing the processor from
      | staying in a low-power state where all the IO is power-
      | gated. Once the display is powered off, getting the rest of
      | the components to be properly asleep can reduce idle power
      | by another order of magnitude.
 
  | kibwen wrote:
  | _> Heck, it probably works great on Apple computers for the
  | same reasons._
  | 
  | Nope, the very first (and last) time that I suspended my
  | Macbook and stuffed it in a backpack, it was hot to the touch
  | when I went to go take it out. I looked online and everyone was
  | just advising each other to power down every time they wanted
  | to take their laptop anywhere. So no, Apple can't get it right
  | either. FFS, will OS vendors please just let me hibernate to
  | disk like the old days?
 
    | rrdharan wrote:
    | You can hibernate to disk on macOS (even with modern M1
    | Macs). It's a pmset option.
 
      | astrange wrote:
      | It is there, but hibernation is a pain to implement since
      | it doesn't have much in common with other OS functions, so
      | eg device driver engineers don't enjoy
      | implementing/maintaining it much.
      | 
      | It is useful in laptops as a last ditch effort to avoid
      | losing data when the battery dies, but that's one reason
      | phones don't implement it even though their batteries die
      | much more often.
 
      | [deleted]
 
    | minusf wrote:
    | sorry to hear your bad experience. i close the lid multiple
    | times a day on 2 m1 macbooks and i really have to rake my
    | brains to remember when it failed. in 7 years i had the
    | "taking it out hot from a backpack" exactly 1x (with intel).
    | that's a track record i am super happy with.
    | 
    | on the other hand i got macos black screens of death for a
    | year as the last stage of every reboot... apple is by far not
    | flawless. but i cant imagine using windows as a daily driver.
    | the shit to put up with is just endless. and it makes my eyes
    | bleed
 
  | Const-me wrote:
  | > but also Windows users
  | 
  | I'm a Windows user, and I can confirm. My HP ProBook 445 G8
  | laptop doesn't support any of the proper S1-S3 sleep states.
  | 
  | Luckily, I discovered that before any hardware has failed due
  | to overheating, by reading the output of `powercfg
  | /availablesleepstates` console command. To workaround, I have
  | set up the OS to hibernate when the lid is closed, instead of
  | going to sleep.
 
  | est31 wrote:
  | The weird thing is, not even Mac OS is doing it on that
  | hardware: they just do proper S3 suspend. I think the advantage
  | of this "modern standby" feature is that you can sometimes wake
  | up and do some minor processing. But I'm not sure that linuxes
  | actually make use of that functionality.
 
    | smoldesu wrote:
    | > But I'm not sure that linuxes actually make use of that
    | functionality.
    | 
    | It's funny, the answer is both yes and no. I have a funky
    | Skylake CPU in my current travel laptop, and one of it's cool
    | party tricks is that Linux can drop the CPU into suspend
    | state just by limiting the CPU to it's lowest frequency. I've
    | seen it drop all the way down to 400mhz when leaving it
    | alone, which gives me a chuckle.
    | 
    | Totally useless for the "power nap" functionality you're
    | thinking of, but ironically useful for certain other use-
    | cases.
 
      | est31 wrote:
      | Can you expand on the use cases it's useful for?
 
        | smoldesu wrote:
        | If I'm watching video or editing text I'll often drop
        | into the lowest availible CPU power setting to save on
        | battery and keep the system below 30c.
 
        | mjg59 wrote:
        | Running the CPU constantly at 400MHz is likely to consume
        | more power than bursty workloads at full speed. There are
        | various linked clock domains, and if the CPU cores can't
        | get into low power states then neither can other bits of
        | hardware on the SoC.
 
  | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
  | In my experience, the macbook's sleep mode isn't very
  | effective. But if I turn the machine entirely off and turn it
  | back on later, it does a good job loading all my apps back the
  | way they were. Functionally, the experience is similar to the
  | old days of "hibernate".
 
    | mort96 wrote:
    | > But if I turn the machine entirely off and turn it back on
    | later, it does a good job loading all my apps back the way
    | they were.
    | 
    | ...If you don't really use the terminal at all, and don't
    | mind a really slow "resume".
 
| binkHN wrote:
| Wow. The effort here is amazing--sad Apple won't provide for more
| assistance. If it wasn't for this project, OpenBSD on Apple
| silicon (thank you kettenis@!) likely wouldn't exist.
 
  | jjtheblunt wrote:
  | > sad Apple won't provide for more assistance
  | 
  | I am missing why we think they are not doing so continuously,
  | perhaps behind the scenes
 
    | mhh__ wrote:
    | Apple really don't go in for that kind of thing.
    | 
    | Spiritually it's your device but their ego
 
    | Wowfunhappy wrote:
    | I _really_ don 't think marcan and co have some secret
    | backchannel with Apple. If nothing else, a lot of their
    | coding sessions are streamed live on Youtube, so you can see
    | them reverse engineering stuff in real time.
 
  | Wowfunhappy wrote:
  | I have to say, I don't entirely understand Apple's approach
  | here.
  | 
  | Apple spent significant engineering effort modifying their iOS
  | bootloader to support third-party OSs--then neglected to tell
  | anyone how to actually make a third-party OS. _Whoops! Have
  | fun!_
  | 
  | And to be clear, this is absolutely preferable to Apple selling
  | fully locked-down Macs. And, I realize that macOS will always
  | be Apple's first priority, and that writing documentation takes
  | effort.
  | 
  | But would it really kill Apple to connect Marcan to an
  | engineer, who could allocate 30 minutes a week to answering
  | questions? Is there some sort of legal liability involved?
  | Security concerns? Brand safety?
  | 
  | The Asahi team is comprised of people who clearly enjoy
  | reverse-engineering, and if everyone is having fun (and
  | creating an awesome Linux port in the process), perhaps that's
  | all that matters. But I still find Apple's choices confusing.
 
    | capableweb wrote:
    | > Apple spent significant engineering effort modifying their
    | iOS bootloader to support for third-party OSs--then neglected
    | to tell anyone how to actually make a third-party OS. Whoops!
    | Have fun!
    | 
    | This tend to be the usual practice for much of what Apple
    | does, release things with minimal documentation and let
    | others figure out how it works.
    | 
    | Maybe it's just a sadist corporation who wants to see how far
    | people are willing to go in order to get stuff working with
    | their own hardware/software? Sometimes it certainly seems
    | that way.
 
      | titzer wrote:
      | They certainly have a penchant for randomly crapping on
      | people that don't do things the Officially Supported
      | Way(TM). For example, one rev of MacOS changed the ABI for
      | the gettimeofday() kernel system call. That broke Golang
      | (and Virgil). Apple didn't care. They want you go through
      | libc for some reason. Uh, no, don't break userspace.
 
        | 0x0 wrote:
        | Microsoft also changes the kernel syscalls between
        | releases. It's not unusual for operating systems to
        | specify ABI at the libc level, in fact I believe Linux is
        | the odd one out to specify ABI at the syscall level.
        | 
        | https://j00ru.vexillium.org/syscalls/nt/64/
 
        | titzer wrote:
        | I know. Solaris has/had a stable ABI.
 
        | KerrAvon wrote:
        | Apple has been crystal clear since 1999 that syscalls are
        | not ABI on Darwin. Linus chose to draw that line
        | differently, which is fine; Linux is a different
        | environment.
 
      | smoldesu wrote:
      | It's mostly frustrating that this is _still_ the rhetoric
      | from Apple now that they are the largest company in modern
      | existence. They _have_ the faculties to release their Unix
      | drivers and even provide world-class Linux support while
      | still profiting heavily from their hardware sales. Yet,
      | they don 't. Every time they're given an opportunity to err
      | on the side of freedom or choice, they shrug.
      | 
      | This is an ongoing problem that has prevented me from
      | daily-driving MacOS since Catalina. Really a stance I wish
      | Apple would revert, even Microsoft does a better job here
      | than Apple.
 
        | tpush wrote:
        | > [...] even Microsoft does a better job here than Apple.
        | 
        | How so?
 
        | smoldesu wrote:
        | For one, they helped build Linux drivers for NTFS.
        | Despite Apple promising to document and open-source APFS,
        | they still have not gotten around to it (which makes
        | interop with Macs really frustrating). There are lots of
        | little things, too - Microsoft packages desktop apps for
        | Linux and made pretty great OSS contributions like the
        | Monaco editor. The list could go on, but this really
        | shouldn't be surprising. Apple doesn't even treat
        | upstream BSD with respect, it's insane to think that they
        | would respect Linux.
 
        | my123 wrote:
        | For APFS, they did release some docs at:
        | https://developer.apple.com/support/downloads/Apple-File-
        | Sys...
 
        | minusf wrote:
        | yes, microsoft is truly amazing, where is their patent
        | free exfat implementation?
        | 
        | that is the only true modern interop fs and they keep it
        | hostage.
 
        | bch wrote:
        | > Apple doesn't even treat upstream BSD with respect,
        | it's insane to think that they would respect Linux.
        | 
        | Meanwhile from Microsoft:
        | 
        | * https://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/emips/
        | 
        | * https://www.netbsd.org/ports/emips/index.html
 
        | 411111111111111 wrote:
        | > " _it 's mostly frustrating that this is still the
        | rhetoric from Apple now that they are the largest company
        | in modern existence._"
        | 
        | But _why should it change_? They 've become the most
        | profitable for sure, but they became that while ignoring
        | docs etc. Why should they now change, considering it's
        | been unquestionable proven that it doesn't matter for
        | their financial success?
        | 
        | PS: i still don't understand how people some people call
        | it _largest_ , doesn't that adjective describe _size_...?
        | It doesn 't have the most employees, it doesn't have the
        | most locations etc. It definitely has the largest pile of
        | money, but that's still a very unfitting description for
        | that, at least in my opinion, as that's usually called
        | richest.
 
        | smoldesu wrote:
        | > But why should it change?
        | 
        | Because I'm not buying Macbooks anymore. In fact, over
        | the past 5 years I've increasingly seen people develop on
        | a dedicated Linux box or Linux VM. Apple's appeal is
        | shrinking to developers, and it has been on a steady
        | decline for the past 10 years. For all of MacOS' POSIX
        | certification, it hasn't stopped people from trying to
        | implement Linux just so they can run privacy-respecting
        | software and benign GPU libraries that Apple refuses to
        | officially support.
        | 
        | Their plan here isn't working. It might placate the 80%
        | of users who don't care about this stuff, but the
        | technical sentiment towards Apple's technologies is
        | waning. I'm frustrated with WebKit, I'm frustrated with
        | Swift, and _everyone_ is frustrated with their 30% tax.
        | Something has to give, and it 's probably going to be
        | Apple's facade of benevolence.
        | 
        | > It definitely has the largest pile of money, but that's
        | still a very unfitting description for that, at least in
        | my opinion.
        | 
        | All businesses are constrained by a set of limiting
        | factors. The most important factor will always be
        | capital, since you can trade it for any one of the lesser
        | factors. Apple uses their 200 billion USD cash reserve to
        | buy goodwill in the form of advertising, first-in-line
        | tickets to TSMC and the finest lobbyists in the nation.
        | They have every protection that lesser companies do not,
        | which is why their valuation supersedes any other
        | publicly or privately traded organization.
        | 
        | I'll stop calling them the biggest company when business
        | stops revolving around money.
 
        | pertymcpert wrote:
        | Lol Apple doesn't care about users like you. You and your
        | like not buying MacBooks has virtually zero impact on
        | them.
 
        | satvikpendem wrote:
        | > _Because I 'm not buying Macbooks anymore._
        | 
        | You're not but many people still are [0]. Many people
        | started to see Apple's developer experience wane in
        | previous years, true, but their Apple Silicon changed
        | that. Their price/performance/battery life ratio is
        | simply unbeatable for devs and anecdotally many people I
        | know bought AS Macs where before they would've bought or
        | used a Windows or Linux computer, including me.
        | 
        | There are some things I will agree with you on though,
        | such as their 30% tax, as a mobile developer myself.
        | 
        | [0] 2021 Mac shipments grew twice as fast as overall PC
        | shipments - https://9to5mac.com/2022/01/12/2021-mac-
        | shipments-growth/
 
        | smoldesu wrote:
        | With all due respect, if you're a mobile developer you
        | don't get much of a choice which laptop you buy. A
        | Macbook is the only machine that lets you meaningfully
        | deploy to iOS, so I'm not sure if I agree that
        | Windows/Linux machines were competing products.
        | 
        | Apple Silicon only reverses their hardware quality (which
        | was truly awful 2015-2018). Their software quality has
        | still been in rapid decline since Mojave, and it's
        | developer experience out-of-the-box is still marred with
        | coreutils older than dinosaurs and increased restrictions
        | around running software. I know a lot of developers that
        | are happy with Apple Silicon, but I know exactly 0
        | developers that don't complain MacOS.
 
        | satvikpendem wrote:
        | You're right, I do complain about macOS. I guess the
        | stuff I'm doing isn't as dependent on the OS itself (web,
        | mobile dev) so I don't see the same problems as others
        | might who are working on lower level stuff.
        | 
        | I used to use tools like Codemagic which ran macOS in the
        | cloud for deploying mobile apps, so buying a MacBook
        | wasn't necessarily a blocker for me.
 
        | 411111111111111 wrote:
        | > _Something has to give, and it 's probably going to be
        | Apple's facade of benevolence._
        | 
        | Honestly speaking, Apples main success vector has always
        | been it's marketing. It's never been benevolent, and if
        | you ever thought it was... I'm afraid you've only
        | witnessed first hand how effective they are at their job.
        | 
        | > _I 'll stop calling them the biggest company when
        | business stops revolving around money. _
        | 
        | I admit that I'm not a native speaker, but that's exactly
        | the reason why that adjective confuses me so much.
        | 
        | Bigger/largest directly translates over but nobody would
        | consider bigger to be _better_ in a financial context.
        | Profitability is the thing that 's interesting, and to a
        | lesser extend how rich is is.
        | 
        | Calling it biggest/largest doesn't (to me) say anything
        | particularly interesting about it
 
      | nemothekid wrote:
      | I think we are ascribing too much to this as some corporate
      | apple policy when the reality is closer to a single
      | engineer or engineering lead believes the hardware would be
      | open, but _Apple_ is not going to spend any resources
      | behind that.
      | 
      | So you have engineering teams with hacker ethos building
      | "open" hardware, but Apple the company doesn't really give
      | a shit and is not going to spend money on documentation for
      | a feature the company doesn't care about.
 
        | Wowfunhappy wrote:
        | I take your point, but I have to imagine Tim Cook (or
        | someone just under him) signed off on opening the
        | bootloader. It's not like the executive team doesn't know
        | about it.
        | 
        | Allowing an engineer to answer questions for half an hour
        | a week would be practically a rounding error in terms of
        | resources, and certainly less of a commitment than
        | rewriting iBoot policy, which they already did.
 
        | bombcar wrote:
        | We're not really privy to how it got through (I could
        | imagine some engineer/manager somewhere arguing that
        | allowing it open would change some obscure tax/import
        | filing somewhere).
 
    | imiric wrote:
    | Apple's entire business model heavily depends on vertical
    | integration. They use their software to attract customers to
    | their hardware, and viceversa. Users running alternative OSs
    | on their hardware doesn't tie them into their software
    | ecosystem.
    | 
    | That, and they don't give a crap about the open source
    | community, unless it directly benefits them. They have zero
    | incentive to help a group of hackers run Linux on their
    | hardware that will only benefit a niche of a niche of users.
    | Allocating any of their engineers' time to this project would
    | ultimately result in a negative ROI.
    | 
    | TBH I'm surprised Asahi Linux hasn't received a C&D notice
    | yet. Apple hasn't been this tolerant of hackintosh projects
    | before, so at least they're turning a blind eye to this.
    | 
    | Why anyone would want to spend their free time working in
    | such a hostile environment is beyond me, but hats off to the
    | Asahi team for the dedication. The patience and talent
    | required must be extraordinary.
 
      | minusf wrote:
      | i'm not saying this can't be true, but why leave the boot
      | loader open then?
 
      | colonwqbang wrote:
      | This is exactly the opposite of hackintosh. A hackintosh is
      | "pirated" Apple software running on non-Apple hardware.
      | 
      | These are people who have bought genuine Apple hardware -
      | putting money in Apple's pocket. Then they want to write
      | some custom software for their computer.
      | 
      | I don't see how this threatens Apple in any way. The
      | intersection between general Apple users and those who want
      | to run "a remix of Arch Linux ARM" on their $1000 hardware
      | has to be pretty small anyway.
      | 
      | Actually it could open up a new market for Apple. I for one
      | am quite impressed by Apple hardware, but have minimal
      | interest in running their software. If Asahi becomes stable
      | enough, I would seriously consider buying Apple.
      | 
      | Your second point is a good one, however.
 
    | throwaway19318 wrote:
    | > And, I also realize that writing documentation requires
    | effort.
    | 
    | For Apple's hardware, the documentation exists. It's
    | comprehensive. It's just not being released. (This is not the
    | case for software.)
    | 
    | Source: Apple employee.
    | 
    | But this attitude is common in the hardware industry. This
    | particular situation is a bit unusual because most of the
    | time, Linux drivers either are developed with _no_ support
    | from the hardware vendor (something which wouldn 't have been
    | possible here due to secure boot) or are developed by the
    | hardware vendor itself. But in the second case, it's common
    | for no documentation to be released along with the driver,
    | leaving independent parties to glean what they can from
    | register names and other definitions in the source code. Or
    | if documentation is released, it only covers the parts that
    | drivers are supposed to access, excluding what would be
    | needed to, say, write a custom firmware to replace the
    | included blob.
 
    | jmull wrote:
    | > I don't entirely understand Apple's approach here.
    | 
    | They've just decided they don't want to be in the business of
    | supporting Linux on Apple hardware.
    | 
    | Short of fully supporting Linux, the "Whoops! Have fun!" part
    | would happen somewhere, no matter where the line was drawn.
    | 
    | Of course they could do more. But you and I shouldn't really
    | expect to be able to tell Apple how to spend their money.
 
      | [deleted]
 
      | Wowfunhappy wrote:
      | > You and I shouldn't really expect to be able to tell
      | Apple how to spend their money.
      | 
      | I don't, I just think Apple chose to draw the line in a
      | perplexing location. I'd love to know what they were
      | thinking.
 
        | IntelMiner wrote:
        | Pure speculation on my part
        | 
        | Perhaps it was "targeted" for some internal skunkworks
        | project to get _Windows_ running on ARM Macs? Linux /BSD
        | obviously got there first (at least in the open) and
        | Microsoft is under a Qualcomm only contract _for now_
        | 
        | Microsoft can't directly request that Apple allow booting
        | their OS, or work with them directly. But "leaving a
        | spare key under the doormat" is a bit more innocent
        | looking
 
      | kitsunesoba wrote:
      | I think it's precisely this. Even just providing specs or
      | engineering time can be seen as "support" on some level and
      | Apple doesn't want any responsibility whatsoever associated
      | with that. They're avoiding external dependency at all
      | costs.
 
    | belfalas wrote:
    | This is my slightly-conspiracy guess: Apple has oodles of old
    | hardware lying around that they would like to keep using but
    | is either too old for macOS or they want to use it for
    | backend services (prod or non-prod, doesn't matter). Think
    | capital expense budget. So if Apple can run Linux on all that
    | hardware, that's a lot of computing power still available for
    | years to come. And if you can get the OSS community to do it
    | for you for free - even better!
 
    | moistly wrote:
    | Maybe the approach is to do the minimum to avoid being
    | successfully prosecuted as a monopoly. "It's not locked down;
    | there are alternatives freely available!"
 
  | rs_rs_rs_rs_rs wrote:
  | Apple already provided way more than anyone expected(making it
  | very easy to dual boot).
 
    | capableweb wrote:
    | Did people really expect Apple to prevent dual booting? Not
    | only have they never prevented it before, but also they would
    | for sure be getting into hot water legally if they start
    | selling computers where there wasn't the possibility.
 
      | kitsunesoba wrote:
      | Leading up to and for a short time after the M-series
      | announcement, the resulting "locking down" of the Mac was a
      | commonly voiced suspicion/concern, to the point that to
      | this day, many tech-adjacent online discussion participants
      | who don't follow Apple think that M-series Macs have the
      | same boot restrictions as iOS devices.
 
      | [deleted]
 
      | dijit wrote:
      | > Did people really expect Apple to prevent dual booting?
      | 
      | Yes, iPhones and iPad's don't allow it and Microsoft
      | doesn't allow it on it's ARM based OS. (enforced
      | secureboot; detailed slightly here:
      | https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/SurfaceRT#Secure_Boot )
      | 
      | There was no expectation on my side that they would support
      | it.
 
        | capableweb wrote:
        | On their computers they have never prevented it before,
        | sorry if the previous comment was unclear about that we
        | were talking about computers/laptops, not mobile devices.
 
        | supreme_berry wrote:
 
        | Wowfunhappy wrote:
        | > On their computers they have never prevented it before
        | 
        |  _" What's a computer?"_
        | 
        | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3S5BLs51yDQ
        | 
        | I really don't know what to call iOS devices other than
        | computers. Unless one of your requirements for "computer"
        | is "ability to boot third party OSs"; I don't entirely
        | disagree with that but it's a bit circulatory in this
        | context.
 
        | smoldesu wrote:
        | An iPhone is a computer. An iPad is a computer. A Macbook
        | is a computer.
        | 
        | Any questions?
 
        | capableweb wrote:
        | iPhone is a phone, iPad is a tablet, Mac are computers.
        | This is generally what people understand when you talk
        | about the different product segment Apple divides their
        | products in. I'd probably call of them "computing
        | devices", but I think in general it is pretty clear what
        | I'm referring to when I say "Apple's computers", at least
        | to people outside of Hacker News. I think pretty much 0%
        | of the people I spend time with AFK would think "Ah, he
        | must be talking about the iPhone" if I said something
        | like that.
 
        | Wowfunhappy wrote:
        | Anecdote: I teach coding to children, including
        | occasional private lessons in client homes. For the
        | latter, families need to supply computers, which one
        | client didn't realize. I managed on the first day by
        | having the two girls pass my personal laptop back and
        | fourth, but I made it clear they'd need to each bring a
        | computer next week.
        | 
        | So I was a bit surprised the following week when one of
        | them showed up with an iPad! But, it had that attachable
        | keyboard and trackpad Apple sells, and it really did work
        | fine in the web-based environments we use.
        | 
        | Broadly speaking, I agree that _most_ people think of
        | Macs as computers and iPads as iPads, but I don 't think
        | that distinction is meaningful. Macs and iPads are
        | marketed for most of the same things, and Apple has even
        | begun touting how they have the same chips inside!
 
        | dijit wrote:
        | But they also never went to great lengths to allow it,
        | culminating in a terrible experience with the T2 chip:
        | https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/apple-t2-chip-linux-
        | mac-...
        | 
        | So, again, it was not looking positive.
 
        | capableweb wrote:
        | That was never the case, seems the article you linked is
        | based on a misunderstanding. See
        | https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/11/apple-t2-chip-cant-
        | boot-...
        | 
        | Even with the T2 chip, it was possible to turn off Secure
        | Boot 100% so you could boot whatever operating system you
        | wanted.
        | 
        | Just as a disclaimer, I'm no Apple fanboy, I stopped
        | using their software/OS even before I got rid of my last
        | MacBook, and since 2018 or something haven't been using
        | the hardware neither and only use a Mac for testing
        | various software I develop. So I don't normally defend
        | anything they are doing.
        | 
        | But right should be right; they have never previously
        | tried to stop people from running whatever OS they want
        | on their computer hardware so guessing they suddenly
        | would start, feels like a pretty far-out guess.
 
        | dijit wrote:
        | I tried to do this myself, I was greeted with a fan that
        | was on 100%, a non-functioning keyboard and trackpad and
        | USB ports that were roughly half functional.
        | 
        | It's a falsehood to say it was allowed.
        | 
        | It was possible but very much not how you seem to imply.
 
        | galad87 wrote:
        | That was because of missing drivers, or drivers that
        | needed to be modified a bit (like the nvme driver), it
        | had nothing to do with a locked down boot loader.
 
        | dijit wrote:
        | Not sure where you got that I said it was a boot loader
        | problem.
        | 
        | I'm not sure if you're deliberately missing the point
        | either.
        | 
        | The point was that the trend seemed to be locked down
        | devices more and more, not that it was impossible before;
        | just that it was getting more and more difficult- and
        | that it was already difficult on arm platforms.
 
        | galad87 wrote:
        | The article you linked said so.
 
        | nemothekid wrote:
        | If your keyboard and trackpad is non-functional that
        | means you are missing drivers. Apple is not preventing
        | you from dual booting, but Apple is also not going to
        | write drivers for their trackpad for linux. Apple is not
        | locking the system down, but they are saying if you want
        | it to work on Linux, write the drivers yourself.
        | 
        | This is exactly what is happening with Asahi linux. The
        | ARM bootloader to install Linux, but they aren't helping
        | the Asahi linux developers write a GPU driver. They are
        | not locking the platform down, they are simply saying you
        | can do what you want, but don't expect any help from us.
 
        | capableweb wrote:
        | That sounds like the kernel/distro you were using didn't
        | quite support the hardware you were trying to use, rather
        | than a problem of a company trying to prevent you from
        | booting a OS on said device.
 
        | Vogtinator wrote:
        | AFAIK the enforced SB without allowing "3rd-party" keys
        | is specific to (32bit ARM!) RT devices, which are
        | obsolete. The current line of "Windows on Arm" devices
        | (various Laptops and their "Volterra" dev kit) allow
        | turning off secure boot.
 
| goethes_kind wrote:
| Kind of ridiculous that with so many of the top latent using
| Linux in 2022, we still have to resort to this to have it as our
| main OS on our preferred hardware.
 
  | smoldesu wrote:
  | Sounds like the sort of problem your preferred hardware vendor
  | can fix.
 
  | tbrock wrote:
  | Isn't it more absurd that no vendors who support Linux make
  | acceptable/comparable hardware?
 
    | snvzz wrote:
    | There's hope in RISC-V.
 
    | Firmwarrior wrote:
    | Man, I'm surprised to hear that's the case
    | 
    | I assumed that Macs were mostly preferred because of their UX
    | and relatively high-quality drivers/OS working well with
    | sleep/wake. But if you put linux on there, you're giving all
    | that up
    | 
    | Are there not any linux laptops out there with decent build
    | quality and comparable perf/battery life?
 
      | foobarian wrote:
      | > of their UX and relatively high-quality drivers/OS
      | working well with sleep/wake.
      | 
      | The hardware integration UX is the good part of Macs. The
      | UI UX is inferior to Linux IMO. I'm not referring to any
      | one DE in particular, just the fact that they are so
      | customizable. I wish I could have Windowmaker again on
      | hardware as rock solid as my MBP (and all the integration
      | bits solved, i.e. audio, wi-fi, plug-n-play, multiple
      | monitors, etc.).
 
      | ZiiS wrote:
      | The are not any Windows laptops with comparable
      | perf/battery life either.
 
      | jm4 wrote:
      | Agreed.
      | 
      | Aside from the processor, there really isn't anything
      | particularly compelling to me about the hardware. Apple's
      | forte is how they integrate the whole hardware package with
      | good software. The build quality is better than most but
      | not especially great. That's not really saying much when
      | you consider the low quality of so many others out there.
      | The keyboards are terrible and I had serious reliability
      | issues with the last couple Macs I used. The battery life
      | probably comes as much from the OS as it does from the
      | hardware. Support is generally acceptable if you pay for
      | AppleCare, although you can sometimes end up waiting a
      | couple weeks for certain repairs.
      | 
      | The Asahi team is doing great work, but I can't help but
      | feel like Linux will always be a second class citizen on
      | Apple hardware. I understand it still appeals to some
      | people. It's not for me, though.
      | 
      | I'm using a ThinkPad now. It's ok. It's well supported in
      | Linux and Lenovo still provides good support. I think the
      | plan I paid for includes next day repairs. I like that it
      | actually has a variety of ports unlike some of the others
      | that cheap out. It's more repairable than most laptops out
      | there. I will probably get a Framework next time or maybe
      | System76. If I was into MacOS, I'd get a MacBook without a
      | doubt, but I just don't like the OS very much anymore.
 
        | Wowfunhappy wrote:
        | > Aside from the processor, there really isn't anything
        | particularly compelling to me about the hardware.
        | 
        | Yeah, but I find the processor pretty damn compelling.
        | 
        | And then the rest of the hardware is--if not remarkable--
        | very solid, so the computer is an enticing package.
 
        | cesarb wrote:
        | > And then the rest of the hardware is--if not remarkable
        | --very solid, so the computer is an enticing package.
        | 
        | A bit offtopic, but I've been a bit annoyed lately that
        | we have to treat the computer as a _package_. Why should
        | my choice of keyboard (Brazilian ABNT2) and trackpad (I
        | want three physical buttons) restrict my choices of CPU
        | or screen?
 
        | Wowfunhappy wrote:
        | Has this ever not been the case for small form factor
        | laptops? I think it's mostly just a practical reality of
        | manufacturing. Although I have been really impressed with
        | what Framework is doing!
 
      | tpush wrote:
      | > Are there not any linux laptops out there with decent
      | build quality and comparable perf/battery life?
      | 
      | None that I've ever seen, especially now compared to M1
      | Macs.
 
    | goethes_kind wrote:
    | My lamentation goes well beyond Apple's business practices
    | and I agree with you wholeheartedly. I am hoping Framework +
    | AMD might get close sometime in the next couple of years.
 
    | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
    | There is plenty of other hardware that is comparable. In
    | fact- numerous laptops exceed them in a number of specs.
    | 
    | "Isn't it absurd that no vendors who support Linux are making
    | Apple laptops?"
 
      | pas wrote:
      | Please recommend one (or more)! I want to buy a new laptop
      | for years. Last time I got so fed up with the available
      | ones I just bought two second hand laptops for cheap. A
      | small XPS and a big Lenovo (as a backup and for compile
      | heavy development work).
 
        | purerandomness wrote:
        | Dell XPS 13 with an UHD screen is the closest you can
        | get.
        | 
        | Again, the problem is that the hardware and the software
        | are not optimized to work well with each other as much as
        | Mac hardware and MacOS. Dell's fingerprint sensors do not
        | work on Linux due to undocumented specs, and
        | sleep/suspend doesn't work (the laptop will overheat in
        | your backpack)
 
      | halostatue wrote:
      | No one else makes a laptop that has the power / thermal /
      | battery / weight spec combination that Apple does, and none
      | of them are ARM laptops, either.
      | 
      | To exceed the Apple M1 / M2 specs with anyone else's
      | hardware, you need to give up on other specs that matter
      | greatly to those of us who care about things like that.
 
        | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
        | Oh. I forgot that power/thermal/weight is the only spec
        | that matters.
        | 
        | The point is that not everyone cares as much about
        | perf/watt and there are plenty of comparable computers
        | which surpass Apple laptops in different areas.
 
        | Jcowell wrote:
        | > power/thermal/weight is the only spec that matters.
        | 
        | For a _laptop_ these specs hold considerable weight.
 
        | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
        | https://openbenchmarking.org/test/pts/build-linux-kernel
 
        | formerly_proven wrote:
        | The M1 Air is almost three pounds, not that a lightweight
        | laptop.
 
    | spookie wrote:
    | They do make good laptops though? Look, let's not dive into
    | the whole ARM vs x86 thing, it's not their fault.
 
| ericol wrote:
| One thing I observe in the latest OS update (Ventura) is that
| they made HUGE improvements in memory management (MacBook M1, 8
| GB).
| 
| Before, Firefox would bring the laptop to a crawl with ~200 tabs
| (Yeah, I know). Having PHPStorm open at the same time was a sure
| machine killer.
| 
| Just today I found myself casually with close to 350 tabs, while
| at the same time working in PHPStorm with no issues.
| 
| In my experience (My previous box was a Thinkpad T430 with 16 GB
| of RAM running Debian) linux is far from this good handling
| memory.
| 
| Also, the state management in MacOS is equal to no one. I have a
| Lenovo Thinkbook 15 (I7), and having to wait for it to restart
| when I open the lid is excruciating. I should put a "This is my
| pos laptop" on it.
 
  | tomcam wrote:
  | This is not criticism, more like wonderment and curiosity. At
  | 200-300 tabs, isn't it just faster to do a web search or
  | organized bookmarks? Or do you just Ctrl-Tab at light speed
  | through them when you need to find something?
 
    | belfalas wrote:
    | I am one of the 200 tab people but it's not all in one
    | browser window. I use a Firefox extension called 'Simple Tab
    | Groups' that let me categorize the tabs to get back to them
    | later. I use it as a mini-knowledge base (I'm not that
    | attached to my tabs if I lose them, I use Yojimbo for my real
    | KB).
    | 
    | But just to say it: I also freak out when I see someone with
    | so many tabs open that it's like a little Joy Division cover
    | on the top of their browser.
 
      | ethbr0 wrote:
      | But to parent's question, what does having them open allow
      | you to do?
      | 
      | I understand the existential dread of closing a useful-or-
      | interesting-but-unread tab. But isn't this what bookmarks
      | were created to solve?
 
    | hewlett wrote:
    | You can search tabs on firefox if you add % to the address
    | bar
 
      | tomcam wrote:
      | TIL! That is slick
 
    | kitsunesoba wrote:
    | > isn't it just faster to do a web search or organized
    | bookmarks
    | 
    | As someone who has a lot of browser tabs, unfortunately no.
    | It's often near impossible to remember the magic query that
    | yielded a particular site as a result and the problem with
    | bookmarks is the overhead that comes with organizing them --
    | most tabs sit in an uncanny valley between long-term
    | usefulness and disposability which would require frequent
    | clean up passes through bookmarks to keep one's bookmarks in
    | a reasonable state.
    | 
    | And as noted by others, these tabs are typically organized by
    | both windows (e.g. one window for apple platform dev stuff,
    | one for android dev, one for shopping, etc) as well as tab
    | groups within those windows.
 
  | bombcar wrote:
  | Many things in memory management are stuck in the late 90s,
  | where assumptions are made about disk vs memory vs cache that
  | are no longer true.
  | 
  | Memory is still much faster than SSD but it is not as insanely
  | faster as it was compared to spinning rust. And compression is
  | a huge thing now, too.
 
  | Vinnl wrote:
  | That might also be related to Firefox improvements:
  | https://hacks.mozilla.org/2022/10/improving-firefox-responsi...
 
  | jorvi wrote:
  | Didn't Firefox just ship a big RAM improvement update (105)?
 
| zamadatix wrote:
| I wonder if if there is a safe value we could clamp audio to now
| and recompile that the speakers may not be loud but would at
| least be usable without being unsafe (I know there is an option
| to just enable them outright and recompile right now).
 
| cbm-vic-20 wrote:
| The pace of work that's being done, with a lack of documentation,
| has been very impressive.
 
| Thaxll wrote:
| My dream, using Apple hardware with Linux will finaly happen some
| day.
 
  | willio58 wrote:
  | I mean I ran ubuntu on my mac natively back 5 years ago. Ran
  | pretty well!
 
  | lynx23 wrote:
  | I was very happy with Debian on my MacBook Air roughly 10 years
  | ago. I am a non-GUI type of guy, so I might have missed
  | quibbles that other people had around that.
 
  | kjsthree wrote:
  | Also very excited about the progress Asahi is making. I did
  | technically live your dream though in 2003 with YDL on my G3
  | iBook. It was... ok.
 
  | kijiki wrote:
  | I ran Debian on my Pismo PowerBook from 2000-2008, because it
  | was the only thing that could reliably suspend/resume. Switched
  | to ThinkPads because Linux suspend/resume on x86 had gotten
  | pretty reliable by then.
 
| tomcam wrote:
| The whole passage on speaker support on laptops blew me away. I
| knew I was vaguely impressed that you can get such
| (comparatively) good sound on ultralight laptops, but didn't know
| what was happening under the hood. Quick sample:
| 
| > Modern micro-speakers require sophisticated software EQ to
| sound good, but they also require sophisticated safety models!
| The most critical safety parameter for micro-speakers is the
| temperature of the voice coil: you don't want to melt the thing
| 
| They destroyed their own tweeter while testing!
 
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