[HN Gopher] Wiring my home with fiber
___________________________________________________________________
 
Wiring my home with fiber
 
Author : sschueller
Score  : 405 points
Date   : 2022-10-30 11:39 UTC (11 hours ago)
 
web link (sschueller.github.io)
w3m dump (sschueller.github.io)
 
| [deleted]
 
| runjake wrote:
| This article is great overall, but there is some stuff you should
| do differently, if you're wanting to follow in the author's
| footsteps:
| 
| 1. Just use UPC connectors everywhere unless you have really good
| reasons not to.
| 
| 2. Use single mode fiber (SMF) everywhere, including internal
| wiring. SMF is infinitely scalable for future needs, multimode
| (MMF) is not. These days the cost differences for cabling and
| optics is negligible. In fact, SMF cabling is often cheaper than
| MMF. And no, you generally won't have to worry about attenuating
| signal.
| 
| Also, in my extensive experience, FS.com optics modules are
| typically better manufactured and more reliable than OEM modules.
| 
| I resisted the "cheap chinese" modules for a long, long time, but
| then discovered that most of my uplink carriers used them.
| 
| It's been years now. I've had many Cisco OEM, Dell OEM, and a
| couple from another 3rd party manufacturer go bad, but I have yet
| for one FS.com SFP to go bad. I've got several hundred deployed
| in a wide variety of environments, from great (cool, clean areas)
| to bad (hot, dirty areas).
 
  | voidwtf wrote:
  | Is there a best practice for which bidi direction to choose for
  | which device type?
  | 
  | i.e. I assume you don't want to just wing it for every link, so
  | do people typically choose to use all A/B on the switch side,
  | and all B/A on the desktop/server side? If I were walking into
  | a business, not having setup their network, what direction
  | would I expect to need on the desktop/server side?
 
    | coder543 wrote:
    | Aren't BiDi transceivers usually a good bit more expensive,
    | especially compared to how low the material cost of fiber is?
    | What's your use case for BiDi? I don't have a lot of first
    | hand experience with this stuff, though. I can easily imagine
    | BiDi being useful to retrofit/repurpose some existing fiber,
    | since labor costs can be a lot.
 
      | fifteenforty wrote:
      | I can see it being useful for running ultra thin bend
      | insensitive fibre around base boards; just like the FTTR
      | thing Huawei is trying to sell.
      | 
      | I wish the concept was more clearly legal in Australia. I'm
      | pretty sure once you glue the fiber in place it becomes
      | 'permanent' and thus has to be done by a licensed cabler
      | with a fiber endorsement.
 
    | hackmiester wrote:
    | I can't speak for anyone else, but we wing it for every link.
    | When we light up a new link, we grab a matched pair, randomly
    | select one to put in the switch, and then put the other one
    | downstream.
 
  | dijit wrote:
  | Had a really good experience with FS.com.
  | 
  | To the point that we even printed out a picture of their
  | warehouse from google maps and wrote "thank you" on it before
  | stapling it to the wall.
  | 
  | They were the best support we received.
 
    | secabeen wrote:
    | The new FS-Box is out, allowing reprogramming of most FS
    | transceivers for a one-time $500 cost.
 
    | dmd wrote:
    | Which is why I'm _so_ annoyed that my employer (which happens
    | to be the largest employer in my entire state) mandates a
    | vendor that costs 6x as much and whose products fail much
    | more often.
 
      | kevin_nisbet wrote:
      | I'm really out of the game these days so don't know the
      | state of different options, but to be fair, a decade ago I
      | had a team member try and cheap out on modules and it
      | caused a fairly decent mess. Lots of failures, but not just
      | outright failures, but problems where the link would mostly
      | work, but through a bunch of fiber taps and bypass modules
      | produced a high error rates when installed.
      | 
      | So I'm not saying it's right, but I can at least understand
      | where a mandate like that might come from, if perhaps
      | outdated compared to the current state of the industry.
 
  | sschueller wrote:
  | I had a hard time finding UPC wall outlets since most that are
  | available in the Swiss format are for FTTH use, so they all
  | have APC LC connectors on them. The keystone versions are
  | available as UPC but they lack any fiber routing in the back.
 
    | jagrsw wrote:
    | I use the Feller one -
    | https://www.feller.ch/de/Produktangebot/Kommunikations-
    | und-N... - and it's indeed LC/APC.
    | 
    | My setup is much simpler - I get 25Gbit/s from init7 to
    | Mikrotik CCR2004
    | https://mikrotik.com/product/ccr2004_1g_12s_2xs and then
    | distribute it to 2x1Gbit access points, and use the other
    | SFP28 port to power my PC (in another room) via the Intel
    | E810 card.
    | 
    | I use the Feller fiber extension cable (20m) and bought some
    | cable puller to pull the fiber via the plastic piping, and
    | then finished it with the Feller outlet. Looks rather clean
    | :) Photo: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FWhHwD0WAAIb3Dt?format=
    | jpg&name=...
    | 
    | PS: ccr2004_1g_12s_2xs is barely coping with 25Gb/s routing.
    | It can do it, but for multiple TCP sessions, a single one
    | chokes the router at something like 20Gbps (down), 15 Gbps
    | (up).
 
      | sschueller wrote:
      | Very nice, how much does one of those plates cost? I can't
      | find any prices easily.
 
        | jagrsw wrote:
        | IIRC ~70CHF for the outlet (which only works with the
        | Feller electrical wall outlets AFAIK) + 10CHF (RJ45
        | module) + 20 CHF (single-port LC/APC module).
        | 
        | The cable extension is expensive, 150CHF or so for 20m,
        | but you'd probably need it for this outlet because it's
        | specially designed so it can be attached to the LC/APC
        | module manually (no splicing). Something like Swisscom's
        | ClickLC, just a different system.
 
    | runjake wrote:
    | This is what I suspected. Great write-up. Thanks for putting
    | all that effort into it.
 
  | jbverschoor wrote:
  | What about bi-directional vs running two fibers? Will this
  | increase latency, even if negligible?
 
    | ilyt wrote:
    | It will increase cost and you need to remember which side
    | uses which module. Bi-directional just uses different
    | wavelength in each direction.
    | 
    | Generally not worth it unless you have existent
    | infrastructure and want some more density
 
    | sponaugle wrote:
    | And given some of the inexpensive single mode fiber spools
    | are two fibers, it is probably easier to just have two fibers
    | instead of trying to do 2 wavelengths.
 
  | Hikikomori wrote:
  | 3rd party and maybe 1-2 of each type from the vendor (used to
  | show their support that the 3rd party transceiver isn't the
  | problem) is what we usually buy, basically an open secret.
  | Though I've seen 97% off the price for vendor optics, still
  | more expensive than 3rd party
 
  | sponaugle wrote:
  | Fiber is, as runjake mentioned, very very cheap. The raw cost
  | is less than copper, and that is part of why I ran so much of
  | it in my build. (I am not the OP). I did however include some
  | multimode in that equation only because some AV equipment uses
  | is, and not all of them use replaceable optics modules.
  | 
  | I would strongly agree that if you are running fiber, run
  | single mode everywhere. It is amazing how far singlemode fiber
  | can go compared to copper if you are willing to spend money on
  | the endpoints.
 
    | yakak wrote:
    | What kind of equipment outlay was necessary if you don't mind
    | my asking? I.e. the splicer the OP bought seems a bit
    | expensive and impractical to own compared to an ethernet
    | crimper, etc.
 
  | anonymousiam wrote:
  | I agree there's a lot of useful information in the article. Two
  | things:
  | 
  | 1) I question his choice of OpnSense vs. OpenWRT. I've found
  | OpenWRT to be less demanding on the hypervisor/host, and quite
  | scalable.
  | 
  | 2) Not about the article, but about your comment on Chinese
  | modules. I've tried Chinese 10Gb SFP+ modules and I've returned
  | all that I tried. They would overheat, and they would not
  | operate up to the specified data rates. The name brands cost
  | twice as much, but they work.
 
| moogly wrote:
| I did this as a small-scale experiment/proof-of-concept earlier
| this year in my 2 br apartment, preparing for wiring for 10G (and
| possibly beyond as the years pass) when I move into my house
| later this.
| 
| I went with singlemode fiber. Don't really see the point of
| multimode. At all. After doing some research I am not sure who it
| is made for.
| 
| Sure, the BiDi SFP+ modules are a bit more expensive but not
| overly so.
| 
| The fiber is cheaper.
| 
| It's easier to splice/use field assembly connectors if needed.
| 
| Much easier to hide the cables. If you go with 0.9 mm you can
| even hide it in nooks and crannies under door trim etc.
| 
| It is future proof. SMF will always be supported.
| 
| Now the only problem is that the Mikrotik CRS routers I want to
| get are either out of stock or have insanely inflated prices.
| Seems to still be affected by component shortages. I already have
| a couple of CRS305 and some CCS610, but I'm going to need more of
| those now plus a CRS309 to scale it all up.
 
| y04nn wrote:
| 10 Gbps is really a game changer if you have large quantity of
| data to transfer (multiple terabytes), but 10G cards and
| equipment are power hungry so I only put out a dangling fiber one
| in a while to make a backup but the speed is appreciable.
| 
| Also I'm still looking for a solution setup a ~200m link,
| Ethernet and WLAN are not an option, so I'm only left with fiber,
| 1Gbps would be sufficient, but I won't be able to do it myself
| because of the price of a splicer. I thought about asking an
| installer to do the splicing for me, it shouldn't be that
| expensive, maybe on day.
 
  | yuvadam wrote:
  | Any reason you can't use pre-terminated fiber?
 
    | y04nn wrote:
    | I have to pass the fiber cable through conduits that are not
    | very large and they are not straight. So I will need to use a
    | pull line. Using pre-terminated fiber will either bock or
    | destroy the connector.
 
  | namibj wrote:
  | There are toolless mechanical splices for about a buck each.
  | Pre-terminated cable also exists, and a single fiber with an LC
  | plug for bidi is small enough to fit through typical conduit.
 
| Klasiaster wrote:
| Meanwhile the wifi router I got from my provider maxes out at ~5
| MB/s for local transfer between two devices...
 
  | ezfe wrote:
  | Well that's stupid - don't pay to rent those shitty boxes
  | (unless it's free, I suppose)
 
| orliesaurus wrote:
| For those wondering, as the OP didn't mention it super-clearly
| imho - but his internet provider is able to do 25gbit [1] for CHF
| 69 a month (+ CHF ~340 set up cost)
| 
| CHF 1 ~= USD 1 these days
| 
| Question for OP:
| 
| Why did you build such an expensive "router" - you justify it by
| saying you also want to run PiHole, but you probably could have
| done this whole setup much cheaply
| 
| [1] https://www.init7.net/en/internet/fiber7/
 
  | sschueller wrote:
  | The router is more of a server. Pihole is just an example (and
  | yes a $35 pi would be plenty for it) but I have many old
  | servers running all kinds of other things so I decided to
  | update and consolidate some of this.
 
    | minus7 wrote:
    | Good joke, there are no $35 pis
 
      | ComputerGuru wrote:
      | Meh. It's (supposedly) a transient situation that'll
      | resolve in due time.
      | 
      | More importantly, I and many geeks I know but/bought
      | several when a new model first comes out because they are
      | (were) cheap but electronics wholesalers don't offer free
      | shipping so it makes sense to buy as many as you think
      | you'll use (until the next one comes out) in one go to
      | minimize the amortized cost.
      | 
      | I miscalculated and ended up using all of mine, but I have
      | friends that still have some of their stock.
 
      | sschueller wrote:
      | I made this telegram bot[1] a while back that uses
      | rpilocator.com and will notify you as soon as one is
      | available from an official reseller. Those resellers should
      | be selling them at the regular price. But yes, if you want
      | to buy one right now, it won't be $35.
      | 
      | [1] https://github.com/sschueller/rpilocatorbot
 
| runjake wrote:
| Although this stuff is all mundane to me (network engineer), it
| was a long, fun read about a layman dipping his toe^W entire leg
| up to the armpits in networking.
 
| Makobado1 wrote:
 
| mschuster91 wrote:
| > My ISP plans on proving 100gbits in about 2 years so I don't
| need pull new fiber if I decide to upgrade.
| 
| Jesus. Meanwhile, here in Germany, right in the center of Munich
| the best I can get is 100/40, because while there _is_ FTTB
| buildout, the last 20m in the building go through the telephone
| wiring from the late 80s.
 
  | bombcar wrote:
  | If you really want it, and are willing to pay, you can often
  | negotiate with the building owner to get the last 20m run (up
  | to and including conduit hidden on the outside of the building,
  | etc).
  | 
  | If enough people in the building care, it might even be
  | relatively cheap.
 
    | mschuster91 wrote:
    | The latter is the problem. Half the people in the building
    | are old, the other half of them are happy with the way it is
    | - I'm the only IT guy. _Might_ be possible to pull fiber
    | through the conduits, but not sure if the Mnet FTTB box can
    | actually give me fiber - I think it 's a miniature DSLAM
    | only.
 
      | namibj wrote:
      | Mnet should be able to CWDM (of they don't just have a
      | fiber to spare for it) you a link on the DSLAM's fiber
      | uplink. Provided the building owner allows the fiber from
      | the DSLAM to you. They could also put an Ethernet switch
      | needy to the DSLAM so more people could share one uplink
      | connection.
 
| vegasbrianc wrote:
| Great article. Amazing the publishers first blog post and front
| page of HN. Well done ;)
 
  | sschueller wrote:
  | Thank you and the others who also submitted it as originally
  | this post was flagged. Probably because I changed the title
  | after submitting it to "Show HN" but I am unsure.
  | 
  | I am glad now that I spent the time to put it on github.io and
  | not on some old server of mine that would have been hugged to
  | death.
 
| sponaugle wrote:
| Nice read, and great work on the terminations.
| 
| I did an extensive amount of both fiber and CAT6A in my recent
| house build, totally about 21 miles together. I did a mixture of
| single mode and multimode only because of some AV device support
| for multimode, and because all of it was so cheap compared to the
| labor and time.
| 
| I ended up with significant fiber runs between the MDF and IDF
| closets, the server room, and all of the AV endpoints which is a
| typical layout. I did run single mode fiber to all 18 wireless AP
| access-point locations, but I suspect those will not get used
| much given I also have 2 CAT6A shielded wires to each AP that can
| support 10G AND provided power. I do use a direct fiber
| connection in my office to provide 10G to my network core from
| that desktop, but that could have been done over copper as well.
| 
| Perhaps the biggest gain over copper is my switch interconnects
| which are 40G from the upstairs closet to the server room. If
| needed it would be easy to upgrade those to 100G, and since there
| are 24 strands available you really could expand as far as you
| are every going to need to go with WDM and the like.
| 
| The one really good use case for only fiber was running it down
| my driveway to our gate, which is about a 1/4 mile in distance.
| That is something that would be more challenging to do with
| copper. [although I do have copper installed].
| 
| From my perspective the cost of running fiber was almost 0
| compared to the entire project because so much more cost is
| involved in path finding and clearing ( cutting holes, etc), and
| the actual pulling. I was very fortunate to have a large group of
| friends who spent a couple of days working with me to do the
| large pulls, combined with many weeks of evenings and weekends
| doing the rest myself. Many hands makes that task much much
| easier.
| 
| My particular build is documented in a build thread:
| https://www.garagejournal.com/forum/threads/jeffs-mountain-s...
 
  | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
  | I can't wait to digest this later on a desktop. Thanks for
  | sharing it and documenting it. 21 miles! Reminds me of the
  | guy's house in Ex Machina.
 
  | spockz wrote:
  | What kind of house needs 18 AP? Was this in an existing house
  | or an house being constructed?
 
    | sponaugle wrote:
    | It was a new house. The 18 AP locations serve a couple of
    | different long run purposes and reasons:
    | 
    | The first is to have direct nearly-line of sight locations
    | for the majority of the house which is primarily to support
    | higher frequency(60GHz) and beyond which have poor wall
    | penetration.
    | 
    | The second is to provide good wifi coverage due to signal
    | attenuation from the construction techniques. I did many of
    | the walls in double 5/8s drywall, some in green wall, all
    | insulated, and all solid hard doors. Steel cross structures
    | as well. As a result wifi propagation is surprisingly bad
    | across rooms.
    | 
    | The third is to provide lots of locations to aid in
    | flexibility of having the best locations. I do not use all 18
    | locations right now, but I may use more in the future.
    | 
    | It is also a somewhat large (>10,000 sq ft, ~ 1000 sq meters)
    | house, so that facilitates a need for a bit more coverage.
 
      | bombcar wrote:
      | 10k sq ft as "somewhat large" ha! ;)
      | 
      | With 18 APs are you using campus wifi style things, or just
      | a bunch with the same SID?
 
        | sponaugle wrote:
        | I'm using Ubiquity Unifi 6 Pros right now, but am going
        | to switch to the Enterprise ones (with 6Ghz) at some
        | point soon. They are all integrated to the same
        | controller (a UDM Pro), so all SSIDs I use are available
        | everywhere. I even have a couple of them down the
        | driveway all the way to the gate so I have wifi coverage
        | all the way out.
 
        | _zoltan_ wrote:
        | Why switch?
 
        | bombcar wrote:
        | Probably for the sweet, sweet 6GHz.
 
        | sponaugle wrote:
        | Yes, the sweet 6Ghz!
 
  | Unklejoe wrote:
  | Not surprised to see you on here. I was the guy who got into
  | the discussion about the merits of single mode vs multi mode
  | with a few of your friends on Facebook a while ago. I was in
  | the multi mode camp mainly due to cost reasons whereas they
  | were in the single mode camp for future proofing reasons.
  | 
  | That said, the cost gap between MM and SM optics today is much
  | smaller especially for 10G (and for the fiber itself it seems
  | to have even reversed), so single mode definitely makes more
  | sense. For some reason, MM fiber is still widely deployed in
  | certain niche use-cases though. Not quite sure why.
  | 
  | For example, I know that it's used on modern military jets for
  | their 10GBASE-SR networks. I wonder if it has something to do
  | with being able to repair terminations in the field? I know MM
  | is pretty forgiving that way. Or maybe it's just another case
  | of them adopting whatever was popular at that exact moment.
 
    | sponaugle wrote:
    | It was surprising the amount of AV related gear that was
    | multimode specific! The cost differential has dropped so much
    | now you can run either at low cost so if you have the space
    | you can run both.
    | 
    | MM is easier to do mechanical splices on, and does seem to be
    | overall less sensitive to damage. If your need is 10G and
    | less than 300m it works well.
    | 
    | As an aside I ran a USB over fiber repeater that was
    | multimode specific by accident I used a single mode fiber
    | (same LC connector), and it worked perfectly.
 
| yrgulation wrote:
| This is likely not useful in most west european homes (even
| gigabit connections are unheard of in the uk, 10 megs being
| advertised as "superfast", let alone tens of gigs). But still a
| fun project!
 
  | eertami wrote:
  | That's because the UK is way behind mainland Europe in this
  | regard. My previous house in a very busy area of London had
  | 80mbps max...
  | 
  | However in a small town in Switzerland we have 25Gbps
  | available. The UK could be in this position, but Thatcher
  | happened unfortunately, and the project was canned.
 
  | Jabbles wrote:
  | Here's some actual data that contradicts your hyperbole:
  | 
  |  _In March 2021 the median download speed of UK home broadband
  | connections was 50.4 Mbit /s_
  | 
  | https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/224192/...
  | 
  | "Superfast" is not used to describe 10mbs, it is 30-300mbs.
 
    | yrgulation wrote:
    | Thanks for correcting, still extremely slow.
 
  | zajio1am wrote:
  | Fast local network is useful even without fast uplink, e.g. for
  | accessing data on local server. 1 Gbps is still several times
  | slower than disk speeds, so going to 10 Gbps seems like
  | reasonable future-proof config.
 
  | themoonisachees wrote:
  | The uk is behind most of europe. Even east eu countries have
  | fiber to a significant chunk of the population now, and west is
  | doing great. In france i get 5Gb/1.2Gb for 49 euros.
  | Switzerland is even better. When i sold routers to businesses
  | they would always be gigabit fiber available, so much that i
  | had stopped checking.
  | 
  | That said 25Gb is a lot outside of switzerland.
 
    | yrgulation wrote:
    | > Even east eu countries have fiber to a significant chunk of
    | the population now
    | 
    | Yes, "even" the barbarians of east europe have it. In romania
    | you get around 10 gbps per second for roughly 10 euros a
    | month from what i hear, and pretty much everyone has fiber. I
    | believe Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia are doing great as
    | well.
 
  | matthewmacleod wrote:
  | About 70% of UK homes have access to a gigabit connection
  | through either fibre or the Virgin Media HFC network. FTTP
  | coverage is about 40% nationwide. It's not that rare.
 
    | yrgulation wrote:
    | Well i clearly couldnt find such homes and believe me i
    | looked. I was happy to have found homes with proper
    | structural integrity let alone high speed internet.
 
    | aix1 wrote:
    | Respectfully, I find the 70% figure for access to a _gigabit_
    | line extremely hard to believe.
    | 
    | When I lived in central London (tube zone 2), all that was
    | available at my address was a wet-noodle quality 20 Mbps DSL
    | connection. No BT FTTP, no Virgin, no Hyperoptic, no
    | G.Network. This was in early 2022.
    | 
    | I now live in Switzerland and have a 25 Gbps FTTP connection,
    | paying about 30% more than I paid in London for the DSL line.
    | 
    | It's a completely different world connectivity-wise.
 
      | cr3ative wrote:
      | The 70% figure is very recent and largely due to Virgin
      | Media doing a massive upgrade. It surprised me too.
 
  | voidwtf wrote:
  | They'll eventually be dragged into the future by requirement,
  | 1GbE is already standard on most equipment, with 2.5GbE and
  | 1+gbit wifi becoming more common on consumer equipment. The
  | increasing reliance of on-demand delivery of various forms of
  | content, from multimedia to gaming, is already pushing 100Mbps
  | connections to where 10Mbps connections were less than 5 years
  | ago.
  | 
  | I think its worth choosing fiber in a new deployment, at least
  | at the distribution level (between floors, or zones of the
  | home). Most new computers come with ultra fast solid state
  | storage, so even between systems on a local network, 10GbE
  | speeds could be useful.
  | 
  | With the way the price of copper is going, and how much less
  | efficient rj45/copper chipsets are compared to optical, I
  | wouldn't be surprised if we see a shift to optical as a
  | replacement to rj45 in the next decade.
 
    | yrgulation wrote:
    | At a time when more internet developed countries are moving
    | towards 10gb connections, the uk is moving towards 1gb.
    | Instead of playing catch it should lead. Now if only there
    | were competent people in power.
 
| joelhaasnoot wrote:
| I learnt a lot of these things the hard way - this is a good
| resource describing the different connectors and what they mean
 
| DeathArrow wrote:
| Is there a cheap as in < $1000 router with 10GbE (for fiber or
| copper) ports?
 
  | avidiax wrote:
  | https://mikrotik.com/product/ccr2004_1g_12s_2xs
  | 
  | You pay the SFP module tax on every port for that model, and
  | also have a loud fan. You also probably can't put a copper SFP
  | module in every cage without overheating.
  | 
  | https://mikrotik.com/product/rb5009upr_s_in
  | 
  | That will let you receive 10Gbps fiber, and maybe route 3Gbps
  | or so. No fans. No SFP module tax. And PoE on every port.
  | 
  | Mikrotik is definitely missing a product that has maybe 1 SFP28
  | port, 1 SFP+ port, 4 10GBps ports and 5 2.5Gbps ports. That
  | would let you take in 25Gbps fiber, have a 10Gbps fiber run to
  | a switch someplace, and run 10Gbps ethernet as needed.
 
  | nullify88 wrote:
  | Mikrotik has some very affordable & capable routers under $1000
  | with SPF or SPF+. Depends on how many ports, but they'd start
  | with RB5009UG+S+IN which has a suggested retail price of $219.
 
| jonatron wrote:
| You'd think simplex short boot LC would be able to get through
| small conduit. Although you can always stick the fusion splicer
| on eBay, it's not like it's worthless now.
 
  | sponaugle wrote:
  | Yes, I did some pulls with pre-termed LCs since the LCs are so
  | small. They were easy to pull and worked fantastic.
 
| Faaak wrote:
| 3M sells fusion-less APC and UPC connectors that you can insert
| into any (well cut) fiber. I used them to fiber my home too
| without using a fusion machine.
| 
| I was really dubious at first but they work really well
 
| edude03 wrote:
| I'm in the middle of running fiber in my house as well but much
| less elaborate than OP. I bought a few 100m MPO terminated cables
| off eBay, a few MPO to LC splitters from FS.com and a few 100m
| capable optics from eBay and fs.com. All my switches have sfp
| ports so it was pretty straight forward
 
| fifteenforty wrote:
| Does anyone have any more info on Huawei's FTTR concept?
| https://www.huawei.com/en/technology-insights/inspiration-la...
| 
| To me it looks like just standard, modern bend insensitive single
| mode fibre but in a clear jacket.
 
| uri4 wrote:
| I wonder what is use case for this network. At my home I only use
| optics for long run, more for galvanic isolation, as electric
| charge could destroy electronics. All servers are concentrated in
| single room. Clients use miniPCs. Rest of the house is wired with
| 2.5Gb ethernet and wifi6, anything faster and expenses grow
| exponentially.
 
  | bombcar wrote:
  | 10Gb normal CAT whatever Ethernet works but the SPF adapters
  | get quite hot.
  | 
  | I have a 10Gb backbone for my "servers" and then a single 10Gb
  | Ethernet cable to my main Mac- works well enough for now and
  | probably not worth upgrading until I have internet beyond 10Gb.
 
  | heffer wrote:
  | I think one major use case in this particular scenario is that
  | the author has one 25 Gbit/s and one 10 Gbit/s internet
  | service. If you want to make the most use of this fibre is the
  | only way to go.
 
    | uri4 wrote:
    | I do data processing and can saturate similar bandwidth. But
    | 10Gbps goes to my home server room.
    | 
    | There is no need to have 10Gb in bedroom, such tech produces
    | a lot of noise and heat. Maybe Stadia or similar video
    | streaming could use such bandwidth. But this looks more like
    | wiring for residential building with multiple flats, or
    | office building. Or like some sort of tech flex.
 
      | culturestate wrote:
      | _> There is no need to have 10Gb in bedroom_
      | 
      | ...until later in the home's life when that bedroom is no
      | longer a bedroom, for whatever reason. If you're gonna do a
      | project like this you might as well take it to its logical
      | conclusion.
      | 
      | It's the same kind of advice I'd give to anyone who buys
      | e.g. an iPad Pro - you might not think you need a cellular
      | model right now, but that one time you _do_ need it two
      | years from now you're gonna be _very_ glad that you paid
      | the extra ~$100.
 
        | ComputerGuru wrote:
        | That's some very hypothetical talk. The master bedroom in
        | a typical home is likely and forever going to remain a
        | bedroom, at least if there is sufficient other space
        | available in the home. If you buy a couple of iPads (you
        | and your spouse or kids or whatever) and upgrade them
        | every x years, springing for an extra $100 on each one
        | every time adds up. You never _need_ the cellular module,
        | though it might be _nice_ to have since there are always
        | other, less convenient options (hotspot on phone,
        | standalone hotspot, public Wi-Fi, etc).
        | 
        | You cannot take your mantra to its logical conclusion and
        | apply it to everything, everywhere, at least not unless
        | cost is absolutely a non-issue for you.
 
        | culturestate wrote:
        | _> there are always other, less convenient options
        | (hotspot on phone, standalone hotspot, public Wi-Fi..._
        | 
        | Until you're driving, _hypothetically,_ through rural
        | Arkansas, where there 's no Starbucks and your iPhone has
        | _juuuuuust_ enough signal strength to receive the
        | WhatsApp telling you that you need to turn around a
        | couple of slides but not enough bandwidth to download the
        | deck.
        | 
        | Your iPad, though, for reasons known only to the black
        | magic gods of RF design _does_ have a stable-enough LTE
        | connection and it saves your bacon with the large
        | corporate client that dragged you to razorback country in
        | the first place.
        | 
        | Hypothetically.
        | 
        |  _> You cannot take your mantra to its logical conclusion
        | and apply it to everything, everywhere_
        | 
        | There's a reason I wrote _iPad Pro._ It's not my mantra -
        | it's advice that applies to specific kinds of people in
        | specific kinds of situations. The kind of people who have
        | the means and motivation to run fiber throughout their
        | house, for example.
 
  | avidiax wrote:
  | It's very likely "because he can".
  | 
  | 25Gbps would be hard to saturate with an NVME SSD. Even if you
  | like to mirror hard disks to remote locations all the time, you
  | can just RSYNC, and then your needs are limited to the rate of
  | change.
  | 
  | I'm getting a 10Gbps from the same provider, and even that is
  | not likely to saturate, and I'll only have 1Gbps CAT6 links.
  | The main benefit is that the clients are absolutely
  | independent, i.e. downloading a Linux image can't affect
  | someone's video conference, since each client can only pull
  | 1Gbps of 10Gbps total.
 
  | jeroenhd wrote:
  | The author's ISP delivers up to 25/25Gbps connections (and
  | 10gbps connections for the same price as 1gbps connections,
  | about $65 dollars per month converted) so if he is planning on
  | using such a high bandwidth uplink, I don't think ethernet
  | makes a lot of sense.
  | 
  | If I had a 10gbps uplink for that price, I'd certainly look
  | into getting more out of my network than just standard
  | ethernet. 10gbit ethernet at least, though fiber may be easier
  | to install depending on the size and layout of the house.
 
    | Salgat wrote:
    | I have 1gbps fiber and it's extremely rare for me to come
    | across a server that supports anything close to that
    | bandwidth. At 10gbps you're able to upload 500GB/hour. For
    | home use this seems extremely unlikely, even if you're using
    | this as part of your job. Even my 4K surveillence cameras
    | only require 20mbps each, that's 50 4k cameras to saturate a
    | 1gbps line.
 
      | dale_glass wrote:
      | I think of >1 GBps speeds as something that serves burst
      | rather than streaming needs.
      | 
      | The use case isn't "I need it to watch youtube", but "I
      | want to be able to restore from backup in hours rather than
      | days", or "I want to play the latest Doom today and not
      | tomorrow".
      | 
      | Eg, say you're backing up your data to a remote site. Great
      | idea, but what if you need a restore, how long will that
      | take? Downloading say, 100 TB on a 1 Gbps connection will
      | take you more than a week.
 
        | neurostimulant wrote:
        | That would only works if the other end can push 25gbps as
        | well. I wonder what's the maximum throughput of various
        | cloud storage services commonly used for off site backups
        | (S3, B2, etc). Would they artificially limit the max
        | bandwidth or allow you to go as fast as possible?
 
        | filleokus wrote:
        | I've had trouble saturating my 1 Gbps connection in
        | Sweden. I did tests with B2 and Wasabi roughly every
        | quarter for a couple of years trying to see if it was
        | feasible to move some data hoarding activities there, and
        | never got more than [?]100 Mbps when downloading from
        | them.
        | 
        | Don't know if it's still the case, or if my ISP was to
        | blame (or just being in EU/Sweden).
        | 
        | On the other hand, I don't have a problem maxing out 1
        | Gbps when downloading both metaphorical and actual linux
        | iso's. A lot of the microsoft stuff is really fast as
        | well, wouldn't be surprised if they could saturate [?] 10
        | Gbps.
 
      | spaceywilly wrote:
      | Have to think about the future though when you're dealing
      | with running stuff in walls. Think about what would've been
      | acceptable throughput 10 years ago. If you built your home
      | network around that, you'd probably be kicking yourself
      | today.
 
        | Salgat wrote:
        | Even CAT5e supports 10gbps in your typical house (you'll
        | want CAT6 for longer distances though), and 10gbps is
        | likely future proof for the next 25 years (which is crazy
        | because CAT5e came out in 1999).
 
        | popcalc wrote:
        | And ipv6 came out a year before that.
 
  | screamingninja wrote:
  | I second this. ~$1375 vs under $200 for an Ethernet run.
  | Expensive project just to be able to say "I did it".
 
    | SamuelAdams wrote:
    | Not every hobby has to be cost optimized. I've spent
    | thousands on climbing equipment that I never took full
    | advantage of.
    | 
    | Sometimes people have money to burn and want to do something
    | for the fun of it.
 
      | sponaugle wrote:
      | Hobbies are almost by definition not cost optimized!
 
        | Symbiote wrote:
        | Some are, like growing your own food or backpacking.
 
        | RealStickman_ wrote:
        | You'd earn more money by working overtime and buying food
        | from the supermarket instead of spending time growing it
        | yourself.
 
        | Symbiote wrote:
        | That depends on the food. My parents mostly grew fruit,
        | and berries especially are very expensive at the
        | supermarket.
        | 
        | The other things they grew were also equal or better to
        | the most expensive produce at the most luxury
        | supermarket, like tomatoes that tasted of tomato rather
        | than the watery, red golf balls they sell in Asda.
 
    | megous wrote:
    | > "Ability to utilize 25gbit internet connection"
 
    | bmitc wrote:
    | There are other benefits of fiber, such as transmitting non-
    | Ethernet signals such as USB, DisplayPort, HDMI, etc. You can
    | run these things over Ethernet, but they are really shoddy
    | and unreliable.
    | 
    | It allows you to centralize more things. For example, you
    | could just have a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and a hub in a
    | room for a computer, where the computer is actually somewhere
    | else (such as a server room).
 
| minus7 wrote:
| I also installed fiber a while ago after being told "this isn't
| hard" by Michael Stapelberg's post [1]. Luckily I managed to get
| by with patch cables; a 30m cables really goes a long way! I even
| managed to get a duplex LC through a 16mm conduit with a pretty
| tight 90deg bend, but just with lube, quite some force and luck.
| 
| I can just recommend going for it if you're curious. Cables and
| tranceivers really aren't expensive from fs.com (though their
| sales people may start bothering you).
| 
| Edit: And old, used network cards from ebay, of course.
| 
| [1]: https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2020-08-09-fiber-link-
| ho...
 
  | archi42 wrote:
  | Kudos for pulling those through these small conduits :)
  | 
  | For anyone trying to emulate this: I would very much NOT
  | recommend using 16mm conduits for LC duplex patch cables. It's
  | doable for some short/straight runs, but the connectors like to
  | get stuck in bends. For me it was the final r=3cm bend in a
  | ~20m conduit. I ended up pulling Cat7 into that conduit and
  | routed the fiber through a tree-like network of wider backup
  | conduits.
  | 
  | Since the backup conduit ends up in the wrong corner of the
  | room, I might one day 1. cut the 30m fiber patch cable, 2. pull
  | it into the original 16mm conduit (w/o connectors), replacing
  | the Cat7 and 3. splice the fiber again. Using a "mechanical
  | splice" that should be doable quite cheaply, but I didn't yet
  | get around to learning/practicing that.
 
| kube-system wrote:
| Is the equipment used for termination more expensive than the
| splicing equipment?
| 
| I just use premade MMF in my house.
 
  | sschueller wrote:
  | I have no experience with terminating connectors directly.
  | There appear to be all kinds available, even ones with gel
  | inside them but they suffer a lot more loss than if I splice a
  | fiber.
  | 
  | Using the splicer gave me the flexibility to splice pig-tail
  | ends or just two fibers together with a small loss.
 
    | archi42 wrote:
    | From what I read (never tried and not my area of expertise)
    | for our short runs at home loss isn't that big of an issue,
    | especially for 10km transceivers.
 
| shmerl wrote:
| _> In order to use the SFP+ modules you need the correct PCIe
| cards on your PC_
| 
| Are there good SFP+ USB 4 adapters that work on Linux?
| 
| One of the bad trends in recent motherboards is minimal number of
| PCIe slots, which are very clearly focused on GPUs only. So
| basically there is no room for any extra devices. Their idea
| seems to be pushing everyone to USB 4 for use cases like that
| (which supposedly should be able to route even PCIe?).
 
  | sschueller wrote:
  | I only know of this thunderbolt version but I do not know how
  | the linux support is.
  | https://www.sonnettech.com/product/solo10g-sfp-tb3/overview....
  | . For SFP28 there seems to be nothing available at this time
  | that would work via USB.
 
    | shmerl wrote:
    | Thanks! They seem to be listing Linux. Would it work with USB
    | 4? Whole Thunderbolt / USB situation is somewhat confusing.
 
| blinded wrote:
| nice article, fun project. I did cat 6e. Was gonna do fiber but
| my telco and modem dont support above 1 gig. but on the lan its
| 10g.
 
| yuvadam wrote:
| Awesome project, I did something very similar at home, but used
| fiber only to connect switches and routers around the house.
| 
| PoE is still a must for powering wireless access point and
| perimeter security cameras.
 
  | alberth wrote:
  | PoE is a huge reason why CAT-x cabling will be around for a
  | long time.
 
| kkfx wrote:
| While I like the idea I do not like much fiber or to be more
| precise their live stuff, since they degrade far faster than
| copper. A copper switch might work well for 10+ years, and since
| at home we normally not need such extreme performances and these
| days 2.5GBE on cat 8.1 copper are relatively cheap and common...
| 
| Sure, it's very "blinkenlichten" but...
 
  | detaro wrote:
  | What exactly degrades in a fiber setup?
 
  | awestroke wrote:
  | Fiber degradation is a problem after 30-40 years, not really
  | something to take into consideration
 
| mr_sturd wrote:
| I always end up green with envy that people seem to have pre-
| existing conduits in their walls for running new cables. There's
| no way, in my old house, of doing this without some invasive
| smashing in to walls.
 
  | latchkey wrote:
  | I'm currently in the process of literally tearing down walls in
  | my old house (built in the 40's). I used to fear smashing into
  | walls. Once you do a bit of drywall and mud yourself, you
  | realize it isn't that big of a deal. Everything I've learned
  | has been off YT videos and there are some excellent channels
  | with all of the professional tips and tricks. It isn't rocket
  | science by a long shot.
 
    | akvadrako wrote:
    | I agree it isn't rocket science, but plastering if one of
    | those things best left to professionals, much more so than
    | plumbing or electrical for instance. They usually make near
    | minimum wage, are just so much faster and produce a better
    | result.
    | 
    | I've started plastering a few of my walls and after wasting a
    | couple days doing a few square meters ended up hiring a
    | couple guys to do the rest of the house. There is just no
    | comparison in value.
 
      | _zoltan_ wrote:
      | Here in Switzerland it's 10 CHF / square meter for white
      | and 15-20 CHF / square meter for colour walls plus
      | transport plus recycling plus material.
      | 
      | I wouldn't call this cheap :-)
 
        | dfc wrote:
        | Surely you could save some money by doing the painting
        | yourself? Is it all or nothing there? In the States
        | drywall and paint are two separate crews.
 
        | _zoltan_ wrote:
        | you could. most people rent (60+%) and they don't paint
        | their walls.
 
      | latchkey wrote:
      | I'm sorry, but it isn't that hard, really. Also, awkward to
      | talk about how you pay someone a barely living wage as an
      | excuse to not do it yourself.
 
        | lazide wrote:
        | If your time is billed out at a large multiple of x, it's
        | pretty relevant.
 
        | kortilla wrote:
        | > Also, awkward to talk about how you pay someone a
        | barely living wage as an excuse to not do it yourself.
        | 
        | Guess how much they make if you don't pay them?
        | 
        | It's better for everyone if someone who can make more
        | money per hour uses that higher earning power to offload
        | lower income tasks to people in those jobs.
 
        | sokoloff wrote:
        | It's not like those laborers would be made any better off
        | if you did the work yourself.
 
      | y04nn wrote:
      | It just take practice, my first try was not perfect but
      | acceptable, the second time was much better and the third
      | on a larger wall with lots of defects looks good, but I
      | probably spent too much time on it, although I am confident
      | that I can now do it much faster.
 
    | RHSeeger wrote:
    | While it's not rocket science, I always find it to be super
    | annoying to do. Getting things smooth/flat when you're done
    | (generally, I think I wind up doing 4-5 layers of mud) takes
    | a fair amount of time. Plus sanding it down without getting
    | the powder everywhere is difficult; I use a wet sander / sand
    | "sponge", but even then I wind up with some of it spreading
    | around.
 
      | bombcar wrote:
      | Drywall is one of those things I've found it is highly
      | worth hiring out. Even if you hang the drywall, hiring
      | someone to tape and mud and sand can be entirely worth it -
      | they do it day in, day out, can use five minute mud, and
      | can get done in a few hours what would take you days or
      | even a week.
      | 
      | Doing small repairs is easy enough that everyone should at
      | least know the concepts involved.
 
        | lazide wrote:
        | Concrete finishing is another, IMO.
        | 
        | It takes a lot of practice to be smooth enough at doing
        | it to have a nice result over any large area before the
        | concrete sets. It's not the type of thing that benefits
        | from going 'hmm, maybe I should do it this way' after
        | you've started.
        | 
        | Also, it's much, much easier to do as a small crew -
        | easily 3-5x more productivity per person. Same as
        | drywall. It's not easy to do as a solo worker, even if
        | you know the tricks.
 
      | latchkey wrote:
      | My house already has the "Santa Fe" texture on the walls...
      | it is supposed to be not perfect. Going with smooth, seems
      | like a mistake to me.
 
        | robocat wrote:
        | I'm guessing what people are saying is that they have
        | seen plenty of home jobs where the surface is left with
        | an obvious bulge, hollow, or an hideous line. Some people
        | are very sensitive to surface unevenness, and really
        | notice slight surface imperfections, and some people
        | don't notice gross errors.
        | 
        | In my very limited experience, many textures are often
        | _harder_ to make look right than flat surfaces. I think I
        | am sensitive to texture variation, because with textures
        | I notice mistakes and I often notice where alterations
        | have been made.
        | 
        | Either way, your Santa Fe look is irrelevant to the topic
        | of fixing problems in walls when they are not textured
        | like yours.
 
    | PragmaticPulp wrote:
    | I've done a lot of drywall work and I still avoid it whenever
    | possible.
    | 
    | Doing basic drywall and paint isn't rocket science, but
    | getting a professional level fit and finish actually takes a
    | lot of practice and experience. It's also a completely
    | different experience when you're trying to match old
    | specialty paints from a previous homeowner, blending repairs
    | to match the wall texture, and other complexities that don't
    | show up in those basic YT videos. If you're in a situation
    | with untextured walls, known paint colors, simple repairs,
    | and a forgiving eye, then it's really not bad, but the
    | complexities can add up quickly.
    | 
    | Even in the best cases, cutting into drywall all across the
    | house to pull wire would be a project I'd try to avoid at all
    | costs in an occupied home. The fast path still requires
    | multiple days to go through all of the drying and re-
    | application cycles to build up all the right layers, not to
    | mention dust control to keep that fine dust out of everything
    | you own.
 
      | latchkey wrote:
      | I just redid my whole kitchen to the studs. You're making
      | it out to be a bigger deal than it is. Now I'm onto a
      | bedroom where I removed two whole walls that had been
      | weirdly built to cut the room into a smaller room. This is
      | going to require a bunch of repair work, all the way to the
      | ceilings.
      | 
      | Certainly, if you're looking for perfectly smooth walls,
      | then you're never going to be happy regardless. My place is
      | Santa Fe, which is perfect... it is supposed to be messy.
      | But this is a place built in the 40's... nothing is
      | perfect. Doing something perfectly would stand out even
      | more.
      | 
      | If you want old paints to match, then just paint the whole
      | wall. That's easier and probably the right solution anyway.
 
        | lazide wrote:
        | Pretty much impossible to do without major strain on a
        | relationship if you live with someone else, and god help
        | you if you have kids. FYI.
        | 
        | Doing it down to the studs and all at once is definitely
        | the easier way to do it. Small patches and piecework
        | suck, but if you're living in it, especially with others,
        | you don't always get a say in the matter.
 
        | jdgoesmarching wrote:
        | Sure, it's easy when you have the wall texture that is
        | designed to look like a bad drywall job. If you're trying
        | to match the wall type found in 90% of American homes,
        | there's a huge difference in efficiency and quality
        | between a DIYer and a professional mudder.
        | 
        | A good feathering job saves a ton of wasted sanding
        | effort and drywall dust. When I ask GCs and tradespeople
        | which job they would would never do themselves, drywall
        | is far and away the most common answer. It's the only job
        | I regret doing myself.
 
        | whiddershins wrote:
        | How about flooring?
 
        | latchkey wrote:
        | From what I've learned on YT, using quick drying mud and
        | mixing it yourself (not using the premixed stuff in
        | plastic containers), is the key to smooth finishes.
        | Mostly because it hardens quickly and doesn't shrink. I
        | used the 40m quick dry and it was quite easy to work
        | with. You're right, feathering correctly... no sanding
        | needed.
 
        | orangepurple wrote:
        | Sheetrock 45 is the way
 
        | latchkey wrote:
        | I'm just using 18lbs bags of westpac 40... it's what they
        | had at home depot. cheap and easy.
 
        | devonkim wrote:
        | Picking the correct timing for the cure time with the job
        | size is almost an art in itself. It's unlikely one can
        | figure it out without a lot of experience doing it and
        | most folks that don't do it for a living won't do it
        | often enough to acquire that experience. It's a lot of
        | hot mud waste and back and forth trips to the hardware
        | store that's exhausting for busy folks that have another
        | full time job.
 
        | latchkey wrote:
        | I used a drill with a mixer from a hand blender plugged
        | into it. Made it really easy to make a batch that filled
        | the stainless steel mud box I am using. Even being
        | totally untrained, getting that onto the wall in under 40
        | minutes was easy. Took a bit more mixing and batches than
        | a pro would take, but all in all... it wasn't nearly as
        | hard as you're making it out to be.
 
        | zippergz wrote:
        | By removing and replacing entire walls, you are missing
        | out on most of the difficult parts of texture and paint
        | matching (and "just paint the whole wall" quickly turns
        | into "paint the whole room" in some cases). I suppose you
        | could make the argument that we should then just rip out
        | the entire wall to run a single cable, but I personally
        | think that's extreme both in cost and disruption.
        | 
        | I'm glad you had such an easy time of it, but cutting,
        | patching, and matching is a pain in most homes I've done
        | it in. And don't even get me started on lath and plaster.
 
        | latchkey wrote:
        | I didn't say it was easy... it just isn't so overblown
        | "hire a professional" as people make it out to be. I was
        | terrified before I started, but once I watched a bunch of
        | YT videos and then got to work... it ended up being a lot
        | less stressful than I imagined.
 
      | tchaffee wrote:
      | Use an abrasive sponge instead of sandpaper. No dust.
 
    | dekhn wrote:
    | Yep, this was one of my great enlightenments: no matter how
    | good or professional a wall looks, it's really just drywall
    | mounted on wood, some cracks sealed, and then painted over.
    | 
    | When the walls are off in the house is the best time to get
    | _anything_ done. Sometimes I don 't even want to put the
    | walls back on- for example, an unfinished garage with exposed
    | studs is very convenient.
 
      | _zoltan_ wrote:
      | Maybe where you live. All of our walls (and I mean all) are
      | solid concrete.
 
        | lazide wrote:
        | Hence one reason why DIY is nearly unheard of in most of
        | Europe and Asia (that and lack of space for tools).
 
        | Aeolun wrote:
        | Europeans are the most inclined to modify stuff around
        | their homes in my experience. In Asia I don't see it at
        | all.
 
        | thatfrenchguy wrote:
        | Come on most Americans are completely clueless DIY wise
        | compared to most French people.
 
        | lazide wrote:
        | Cite?
 
        | sokoloff wrote:
        | Cette Vieille Maison is one of my favorite shows.
 
      | bombcar wrote:
      | I may someday use shiplap instead of drywall in specific
      | rooms, simply because you can make it so you can take it
      | off and put it back on relatively easily.
 
        | NegativeLatency wrote:
        | I have a couple of large plywood sheets in closets for
        | this purpose. Paint it the same color and nobody knows
 
    | mr_sturd wrote:
    | We had our loft converted last year, and after watching the
    | builders construct the partitioning walls, I think I would
    | probably manage that. We also had to have some walls removed
    | and re-built and made the house too dusty for the kids to be
    | around. This house is an _old_ English terraced house, and
    | lots of the non-retaining walls are wooden lath and plaster,
    | with horse hair mixed in for good measure!
 
    | thatfrenchguy wrote:
    | Drywall, sure, it's easy enough (although hard to make look
    | perfect)
    | 
    | Plaster walls on wood studs is a lot harder, and plaster over
    | brick or concrete is impossible.
 
    | whiddershins wrote:
    | Unless your walls are plaster on lathe. Hah we took 150 large
    | bags of rubble out of the apartment last week. No, it wasn't
    | a gut reno, just 2 walls and 2 closets.
 
  | pmontra wrote:
  | I just spent a couple of weeks putting conduits in my brick
  | walls. I couldn't reuse conduits in place for power
  | (regulations, EU) and they are too small anyway. I used Cat6A,
  | not fiber. I don't think an ISP will ever bring fiber to my
  | home. Cat6A is 10 Gb/s so it should be OK for a NAS for a long
  | time. I only have 1 Gb/s network cards now.
 
  | yakubin wrote:
  | I've watched the video and I still don't understand how you get
  | the wire through the conduit though. Part of the video seemed
  | to happen through telekinesis: the part where a wire magically
  | came out of the wall, allowing you to pull from the other side.
 
    | js2 wrote:
    | I'm not sure which video you mean, but you use either a fish
    | tape or a pull line.
    | 
    | I know that Verizon also has fiber with a stiffer jacket that
    | they can push through conduit a pretty good distance. I know
    | this because I helped the Verizon installer run FIOS at my
    | daughter's apartment in a building that was over 100 years
    | old. The conduit had a crimp in it so it took the two of us a
    | while to get past that.
 
      | sschueller wrote:
      | Probably referring to this demonstration video regarding
      | the FTTH Squeeze plate where the pull line comes flying
      | through the conduit:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARSpp4B9-X4
 
        | js2 wrote:
        | That's a fish tape being pushed through from the other
        | end.
 
    | thefounder wrote:
    | You have to have a wire installed in the first place(i.e coax
    | or just a simple thin but strong wire). That wire is
    | installed when you install the walls/gypsum. Then you use it
    | to pull whatever you need(hdmi etc). When you pull the new
    | wire(hdmi) you attach an additional wire at the tip so that
    | you can pull back your initial wire once your new HDMI is in
    | place.
    | 
    | If you don't have an initial wire installed you can use a
    | magnet kit with a specific wire to pull it through the
    | conduit.(e.g youtube "magnepull"). A camera small comes in
    | handy as well.
    | 
    | If you need to pull wires through the ceiling and you already
    | have recessed lights you can use their wires to pull your new
    | wire.
 
      | lotsofpulp wrote:
      | > You have to have a wire installed in the first place(i.e
      | coax or just a simple thin but strong wire). That wire is
      | installed when you install the walls/gypsum.
      | 
      | Unfortunately, in my experience of 6 or 7 new builds in the
      | last 15 years or so, coaxial cables are usually staples to
      | the studs and useless for this purpose.
 
        | dfc wrote:
        | Coax stapled to the studs is different than coax running
        | inside of a conduit.
 
        | ComputerGuru wrote:
        | I have never seen coax running in a conduit in a
        | residential setting in the USA.
 
        | thefounder wrote:
        | >> Unfortunately, in my experience of 6 or 7 new builds
        | in the last 15 years or so, coaxial cables are usually
        | staples to the studs and useless for this purpose.
        | 
        | Well, that's part of the fun/job. Usually you end-up with
        | a few holes as well so you try to get hold of anything
        | that helps you, "one inch" at a time.
        | 
        | As always, the easy way to deal with this is to let
        | someone else do the job(hire a pro/custom installer).
 
      | yakubin wrote:
      | That explains it. Thanks.
 
    | Unklejoe wrote:
    | You can attach a string to a foam ball/plunger type thing and
    | then suck it through with a vacuum from the other side. Then,
    | fix your wire to the string and pull it back in the other
    | direction.
 
      | uncanneyvalley wrote:
      | A plastic bag tied to pulling twine works really well and
      | is less likely to get stuck than a ball or plunger. I
      | always leave a length of twine in my conduits so I only
      | have to use the vacuum method once.
 
        | sponaugle wrote:
        | Indeed the plastic bag trick works very very well in a
        | lot of different use cases. I was able to pull twine over
        | 500 feet with this technique while doing my driveway
        | conduits.
 
        | sokoloff wrote:
        | I had about 50 feet and 270deg of bends in some PVC
        | conduits I'd buried under a section of yard. I'd gotten
        | everything done and asked my wife to come help me get the
        | poly string and then mule tape into the conduits. The
        | poly line practically leapt into the conduit chasing the
        | plastic bag. It was one of the greatest ratios between
        | how hard I thought something might be and how hard it
        | actually was.
 
        | rootusrootus wrote:
        | Pulling a bit of twine through from my pool over to where
        | I had installed my equipment pad went much the same way,
        | and I was too dumb to think about using a plastic bag ;).
        | Just stuffed a bit of twine in one and and left it loose,
        | walked over to the other and and put a shop vac on it,
        | and -whoosh- here came the string. Felt like cheating. It
        | was only a small conduit, though, 3/4 inch, so it had
        | pretty good airflow.
 
  | philjohn wrote:
  | Agree with this.
  | 
  | I had my house wired up with 30 Cat 6 drops (3 being in-ceiling
  | for AP's) and in the end it was simpler to go up to the loft (2
  | story house) and come down that way, with all of the cables
  | then being bundled up and coming down through a built-in-
  | wardrobe into the garage below.
  | 
  | It required a bit of patching here and there where a small
  | chase had to be chisseled out to get around a cable going
  | through a patch of plaster used for dot and dab (technique to
  | quickly plasterboard/drywall onto brick), but with conduit it
  | would have been a much simpler job.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | jonatron wrote:
  | I'm guessing you're in the UK. Even in my relatively new house
  | (80's), almost all cables are chased in, no conduit anywhere.
  | Standard construction in the UK could be improved by just doing
  | basic obvious things that other countries do.
 
    | KerrAvon wrote:
    | Likely the US. Unless it's a very new high-end house or you
    | got lucky and bought the house a contractor built for
    | themselves to a high standard, they did the cheapest thing
    | the electrical code allows them to get away with, which
    | certainly wasn't conduit in the 80's, unless that was local
    | code somewhere. Certainly not in CA or FL.
 
      | js2 wrote:
      | No conduit in NC in my 2004 built house, with the exception
      | of specific chase pipes I asked them to install from the
      | basement to the attic. The drywall was already up to get
      | them to do much more than that. I'm guessing all the cat5
      | is stapled into place behind the drywall. Fortunately
      | between the attic and the ceiling-tile basement I can get
      | to where I need, it's just a PITA because of fireblocks. So
      | many fireblocks.
 
      | yummypaint wrote:
      | Renting a place built a few years ago in NC. It has only
      | one conduit, it runs from the networking panel to the
      | outside where fiber comes in. Unfortunately there was
      | nothing left in the empty conduit to pull things through
      | with and the installer didn't want to spend half a day with
      | a fishtape, so it didn't even get used. Companies really
      | couldn't care less about doing things right w/ regards to
      | people's homes unless there is some direct monetary
      | consequence for them.
 
  | Someone1234 wrote:
  | Agreed. In most US homes, by code, there needs to be a fire-
  | stop between floors but also for practical reasons there are
  | often cross-bracing mid way up each wall, therefore going from
  | one place to another often involves multiple holes in drywall
  | (which is relatively inexpensive, but also a dusty/annoying
  | nightmare to patch).
  | 
  | If I built a home I'd add conduit, but that's an extremely
  | niche idea.
 
    | uncanneyvalley wrote:
    | A flexible drill bit[1] can be used to pass a horizontal
    | member within a wall. You can enter the wall through an
    | outlet hole or use the length of the bit to drill straight up
    | through bottom of the wall, if you're able to access it from
    | a basement. They usually have a hole in the tip to pull twine
    | along with the head of the bit.
    | 
    | [1] similar to https://www.kleintools.com/catalog/flex-bit-
    | accessories/flex...
 
      | bombcar wrote:
      | If you have high baseboards/ceiling trim, you can have
      | drywall that ends _way_ above the sill plates which makes
      | it incredibly easy to route cable with the baseboards off.
      | 
      | Similar to: https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-
      | guides/wiring/runni...
      | 
      | There are some considerations if it's a firewall or an
      | insulated wall, but it can be really nice.
 
  | throwaway09223 wrote:
  | I was able to run two conduits to key areas during a remodel of
  | my older home. Take advantage of open walls when you can!
 
  | shagie wrote:
  | This is one of the things that my father did when he did the
  | wiring for the house ~50 years ago - conduit everywhere. It
  | means things like drilling into the wall is safer (you hit
  | metal rather than wire) and when you want to, you just pull
  | more wire through it.
  | 
  | There are so many parts of it that were "over engineered" for a
  | house 50 years ago that are "oh, that's convenient" now.
 
  | Aeolun wrote:
  | Yeah, all my walls are filled with loose cables taped together.
  | I wish I had nice things like conduits.
 
  | bombcar wrote:
  | Many parts of the world use concrete or brick and those almost
  | always have conduit.
  | 
  | The US can add it but it's an extra cost and so rarely done.
 
  | pooper wrote:
  | > I always end up green with envy that people seem to have pre-
  | existing conduits in their walls for running new cables.
  | There's no way, in my old house, of doing this without some
  | invasive smashing in to walls.
  | 
  | I don't own a house and have never owned a house. This will
  | probably sound stupid and I am sorry if this is something
  | obvious.
  | 
  | Is it that my spouse will leave me or my parents will disown me
  | if I run a conduit just hanging on a wall? What is this
  | obsession with hiding all wiring within the drywall? What am I
  | missing here?
  | 
  | It could be something as simple as a conduit like
  | https://i.imgur.com/6X5of8Y.png
  | 
  | Not that I have a leg to stand on because I still can't afford
  | to buy a home outright (and at current rate, never will). I
  | live in an apartment and I don't make any changes to it. I
  | cannot even imagine doing something simple like drill a hole on
  | the door for a doorbell. So, I am definitely hypocritical when
  | I say this. Maybe I am just being salty as a non-home owner. I
  | feel like all of this comes from treating our homes as some
  | kind of liquid asset that we must keep in pristine condition at
  | all times so we can stage it and sell it at a moment's notice.
  | 
  | If you own your own home, why not live in your home like you
  | own your home? Run that conduit across all the walls (and
  | through inside door frames or something like that if you must).
  | If not, do you really own your own home? Why not just live with
  | housing insecurity like I do?
  | 
  | Edit: spelling
 
    | z3t4 wrote:
    | Having fiber cables hanging around is a sure sign you're a
    | hacker.
 
    | _zoltan_ wrote:
    | Because what you propose is fugly and you don't want to live
    | in a mess.
 
    | kelnos wrote:
    | I wouldn't run conduit on my walls and around doors because I
    | would think it looks awful. People's aesthetics are
    | different. If yours (and those of anyone else who might live
    | with you) allow for such a thing, then sure, go for it.
 
    | quickthrowman wrote:
    | 3/8" flex isn't surface raceway, it's used for connecting a
    | rigid (EMT/IMC/RMC) conduit system to a vibrating piece of
    | equipment like a motor or transformer, among other things.
    | 
    | Wiremold 500 surface raceway is what I would recommend, it's
    | a basic surface raceway for electrical conductors or cables:
    | https://www.legrand.us/wire-and-cable-management/raceway-
    | and...
    | 
    | There are probably residential raceways that blend in better,
    | but I'm not familiar with residential construction.
    | 
    | There are plenty of ways to get a cable from point A to point
    | B inside of a wall, particularly if you have a single story
    | home with an unfinished attic and basement. A spade drill
    | bit, a fish tape, and a multitool/rotozip can get a cable
    | pretty much anywhere if you can drill a hole into the wall
    | cavity from above or below.
 
    | dazc wrote:
    | A friend of mine lives in a building with concrete floors
    | above and below, all his wiring runs through plastic,
    | surface-mounted, trunking and it is aesthetically disgusting.
 
    | mr_sturd wrote:
    | We do have _some_ conduit in place to run cables. One running
    | up to a wall-mounted TV, and another running Ethernet up in
    | to the loft. I don 't mind the one under the TV, but I
    | wouldn't like to use it for everything.
 
    | sokoloff wrote:
    | I'm an avid DIYer and have no problem buying others' high-
    | standards DIY work, inspection/permits or no.
    | 
    | If I walked into a listing and saw surface raceway
    | everywhere, I'd only bid what I was comfortable paying
    | leaving room for a gut rehab. It's evidence of a high level
    | of DGAF at a minimum and likely isn't the only place that
    | corners were cut.
 
    | bombcar wrote:
    | Many people who own homes use them with an eye to selling and
    | so they don't bother with things that they're afraid would
    | reduce resale value.
    | 
    | Or they just run cable along the walls.
    | 
    | Many garages will be as you describe.
 
    | [deleted]
 
    | monitron wrote:
    | It sounds like you just have different priorities or a
    | different aesthetic sense than folks like me who go to great
    | lengths to hide cables.
    | 
    | To me it just feels good to wake up in a visually simple
    | environment with things out of sight. It feels like magic, in
    | a good way, to be surrounded by performant, reliable and
    | useful technology but to be able to see almost none of it.
    | And I have an automatic negative reaction to visual clutter
    | or conspicuous machinery in my house.
    | 
    | I don't see anything wrong with your way of thinking. I can't
    | easily change how I feel about it and I see no reason why
    | either of us should have to.
    | 
    | Edit: this makes me think about sci-fi spaceships. Battlestar
    | Galactica vs. the Heart of Gold from Hitchhiker's Guide. One
    | has its conduits and controls run every which way and the
    | other is minimalist to a fault. I like them both but would
    | definitely prefer to wake up every morning in the latter!
 
    | lucb1e wrote:
    | Do I understand correctly you're proposing to just run it on
    | the outside of walls/ceilings? How would you ever again close
    | doors that it needs to go through?
    | 
    | My aesthetic requirements are basically zero (to the dismay
    | of my partner indeed; we meet in the middle) but I do want to
    | be able to practically use the apartment still.
 
      | wrycoder wrote:
      | Do it like the real high class cable installers do: run the
      | wires on the outside of the house and just drill through
      | the walls where you want the drops. Looks fine from the
      | inside!
 
      | toast0 wrote:
      | > How would you ever again close doors that it needs to go
      | through?
      | 
      | Most interior doors have a gap between the bottom of the
      | door and the top of the floor, and you can cable in the gap
      | if you don't mind the look. If the threshold is carpetted,
      | you can often squish the wire into the seam where the
      | carpet meets the door frame.
      | 
      | You can get one, maybe two, runs into a room that way, so
      | don't put your central switch in a room like that, and if
      | you need more than one drop in a room, put a switch in the
      | room.
 
        | tass wrote:
        | I'm picturing this as a tripping hazard, unless there's
        | some kind of well to shove the cable into (like your
        | carpet example).
 
        | toast0 wrote:
        | Even without carpet, you'd tack it so it stays pretty
        | close to the side of the threshold. 'Nobody' uses the
        | outside inch or so of the threshold, so it's not going to
        | be a tripping hazard. If you are going across the
        | threshold that's different, but in that case, it's better
        | to go over the top of the door frame.
 
      | adrian_b wrote:
      | The interior doors in most houses that I have seen have
      | wooden frames in which it is very easy to make holes for
      | passing cables. Some newer houses might have door frames
      | made of plastic or metal, instead of wood, but even in such
      | cases it is much easier to make a clean hole through the
      | door frame, instead of through a wall.
      | 
      | I have made many such holes in door frames for passing
      | Ethernet cables or TV coaxial cables.
      | 
      | When you do not want to touch the walls, such cables can be
      | routed on the edges between walls and floor and they can be
      | masked by a cover having the wall color, to be invisible,
      | except where passing through a door frame.
 
        | jjeaff wrote:
        | Why would you prefer to make a hole in your doorframe
        | rather than the wall? Sheetrock is so much easier to deal
        | with. But perhaps you are referring to a concrete
        | construction, which is uncommon in the US.
 
    | jonatron wrote:
    | That conduit would look terrible. Most people care about how
    | their houses look. Decorative trunking exists:
    | https://www.d-line-it.com/wp-
    | content/uploads/2021/02/1240-x-... , I've used it, and it
    | blends in well enough.
 
      | jimmaswell wrote:
      | That's a pretty good idea. I'd consider this more if I
      | wasn't just putting some keystone wall plates through the
      | floor into my basement. I'd also have to put trim around a
      | door frame.
 
      | RHSeeger wrote:
      | To be fair, it looks terrible to you (and to me), but there
      | are plenty of people who have no issue with it. Just like
      | there's people who get agida when there's things like
      | toasters that sit out on the kitchen counter, but a lot of
      | people think it's fine.
 
        | _zoltan_ wrote:
        | Just like there are people who don't care about how good
        | or bad code they write as long as it works. Doesn't mean
        | we should accept or promote this as 'good'.
 
        | RHSeeger wrote:
        | I've seen many places that were designed "industrial"
        | with various metal parts (conduit, vents, etc) showing;
        | and the people that owned them were very happy with the
        | look.
        | 
        | Good code also doesn't need to "look pretty", it needs to
        | be correct, and maintainable. Preferably maintainable by
        | a less skilled developer with less domain knowledge.
        | Following that logic, the code that follows the pattern
        | of "highly visible and obvious", like the conduit, is
        | probably the better code.
        | 
        | All that being said, I prefer simple walls, with conduit
        | hidden inside it. I'm just happy to admit that what I
        | like it not universal, and that other have their own
        | styles.
 
        | BlueDingo wrote:
        | Aesthetics aren't the same as quality, right?
        | 
        | Also, I would say writing bad code makes the code very
        | inaccessible...just like burying important infrastructure
        | in a wall.
        | 
        | Did that water leak last year cause mild growth in the
        | wall? Don't know without some demolition! Want to upgrade
        | your piping or electrical? Gotta destroy some wall,
        | hooray, and then do more work to hide it again. Lunacy.
 
        | ericmay wrote:
        | They aren't the same but are highly correlated. You can
        | have wrong opinions or poor taste.
 
        | KennyBlanken wrote:
        | It looks terrible to the _vast_ majority of the
        | population in most developed countries and it will
        | severely impact your home 's resale price if you have
        | spiral conduit all over the walls. I can't remember the
        | last time I saw spiral conduit in a home anywhere outside
        | of the garage or basement...maybe a utility closet.
 
    | Aeolun wrote:
    | > I feel like all of this comes from treating our homes as
    | some kind of liquid asset that we must keep in pristine
    | condition at all times so we can stage it and sell it at a
    | moment's notice.
    | 
    | Well, you aren't wrong. This is exactly the thinking behind
    | that.
    | 
    | The other response is correct that it's nicer to have it all
    | covered up though. I guess it comes down to a bit of
    | perfectionism. If I stick everything on the walls I will
    | always feel like there is work left to do.
    | 
    | That said, our living room is still (3 years in) a mess of
    | (nice, not industrial) on-wall conduits.
 
  | petepete wrote:
  | I'm moving into my new home (which was built in 1962) in the
  | next month or two. My plan is to run cat 6 throughout, before I
  | get the bulk of my stuff/furniture in. Hopefully I won't need
  | to smash into too many walls but there will be a few.
  | Definitely worth it in the long run though.
 
  | blinded wrote:
  | Youd be surprised what you can do with a 40in drill bit and a
  | wire snake. did my whole house and only had to repair 1 piece
  | of dry wall.
 
    | kuschku wrote:
    | With that drill bit you won't be able to get far with
    | concrete brick walls...
    | 
    | I hired an electrician to drill the holes for me earlier this
    | year and it took him over 10 minutes per hole to get through
    | the 60cm (2ft) reinforced concrete slab for running cables
    | between two floors.
 
      | rootusrootus wrote:
      | Honestly, 10 minutes to go through 2 feet of concrete is
      | damn impressive. I had to put a couple 50A electric
      | circuits through my foundation a few months back and I'm
      | pretty sure we spent more like 45 minutes getting through.
      | And we didn't even hit any rebar, which is a minor miracle
      | itself.
 
  | NegativeLatency wrote:
  | An attic or unfinished basement can make this much easier
 
  | sponaugle wrote:
  | One interesting technique I have seen with fiber is running it
  | along/behind baseboards in old houses. Since it is very small
  | (and you can get even smaller single mode fiber) it can in some
  | cases run along side. Some people remove the baseboard and put
  | it behind it. It creates some routing issues, but might also
  | solve some.
 
    | Aloha wrote:
    | Bend radius?
 
      | sponaugle wrote:
      | Yea, that can be an issue, although for shorter runs it is
      | surprising how much loss you can have and still work
      | fantastic. There are some very cool bend insensitive
      | multimode fibers that would work well in that case.
      | 
      | I saw a video where someone was doing this and they used
      | little plastic bend guides that were painted trim color..
      | not perfect but also not as noticeable as I would have
      | thought.
 
| [deleted]
 
| rr808 wrote:
| Wiring for me has been a waste of time. I spent a good amount of
| time wiring the house with cat 6 cabling. I had our TV on a hard
| wired network which felt great, no drop outs, no wifi noise. I
| then bought a roku box and left on wifi for a while. Its still on
| wifi, works great and kept it there. Family mostly uses wifi now,
| no PCs using the hard-won ethernet jacks.
 
  | seanmcdirmid wrote:
  | Ya, my house is wired for cat5 but no point to use it. It just
  | isn't necessary.
 
    | Symbiote wrote:
    | To my surprise, my parents use the Cat5 cables I installed in
    | their house 20+ years go.
    | 
    | In a brick house, wireless isn't a good choice for desktop
    | computers and smart TVs.
 
| dekhn wrote:
| Thanks- I rarely consider upgrading my home systems until I think
| I have a good understanding of all the details and I see that
| fiber is still a mess (have to choose single mode versus multi
| mode and a number of other details).
 
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