[HN Gopher] When coal first arrived, Americans said 'no thanks'
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When coal first arrived, Americans said 'no thanks'
 
Author : WithinReason
Score  : 71 points
Date   : 2022-07-16 17:44 UTC (5 hours ago)
 
web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 
| mgraczyk wrote:
| > Steven Preister's house in Washington, D.C. is a piece of
| American history, a gorgeous 110-year-old colonial with wooden
| columns and a front porch, perfect for relaxing in the summer.
| 
| Unrelated to the article, but I thought this was an odd
| characterization. The building I live in in SF is at least 10
| years older than that. Most of the buildings around me were built
| before 1910. I think my building is ugly and sucks because of
| noise and draft and stuff falling apart. I wonder if they built
| better in DC because of the snow and comparably more rain?
 
  | dwater wrote:
  | This article appears to have a picture of the house in
  | question:
  | 
  | https://ggwash.org/view/74166/dc-preservation-hprb-denies-fr...
  | 
  | As someone who has lived nearby, I can say that this house is
  | not rare nor remarkable in that area. It's technically a piece
  | of American history but there are thousands of equally historic
  | homes within walking distance. The author was using a bit of
  | poetic license to add some flourish to the article.
 
    | jeffbee wrote:
    | Wow. I wouldn't be surprised if you told me that was one of
    | the plans out of the 1910 Sears catalog.
 
    | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
    | Ok, that's absurd. I live in a turn of the century
    | neighborhood and am surrounded by miles of very similar
    | houses. I bet I could find more than a dozen doppelgangers in
    | a 10 minute bike ride.
 
  | jeffbee wrote:
  | If you think that's bad, every structure in Berkeley over 40
  | years old is automatically considered a historic resource,
  | requiring the approval of the landmarks preservation commission
  | to change or demolish.
 
    | narag wrote:
    | That's bad, but having three milennia artifacts everywhere
    | you dig is somehow worse:
    | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1diz
 
  | aaronblohowiak wrote:
  | Your building may have been maintained differently and your
  | fast in aesthetics may be different
 
  | AlotOfReading wrote:
  | There was a devastating earthquake and subsequent fires in 1906
  | that burned down nearly the entire city. Since the entire
  | population of the city was displaced, they rebuilt as quickly
  | as possible to get out of the refugee cottages/camps.
  | 
  | It doesn't really matter how you build a home though, it's
  | eventually going to become creaky and drafty over time. The
  | only real way to mitigate it is regular maintenance and repair.
  | That's true of all infrastructure.
 
    | Gordonjcp wrote:
    | > It doesn't really matter how you build a home though, it's
    | eventually going to become creaky and drafty over time.
    | 
    | Why is that?
 
      | meheleventyone wrote:
      | The effects on the building materials of the weather, sun,
      | insects, fungus, bacteria, vegetation, mechanical wear and
      | so on.
 
        | Gordonjcp wrote:
        | I'm not really getting how brick or stone would creak or
        | become leaky like that.
 
  | exar0815 wrote:
  | This somehow just again sets into perspective what "old" means
  | in different countries. I live in a house older than the US at
  | the moment, and it's not even something special, compared to
  | churches which are closer to Caesar than the founding of the
  | US.
 
    | AlotOfReading wrote:
    | It's a cultural thing that most Americans simply don't
    | identify with or think about history prior to
    | British/American colonization. There are still people living
    | in medieval-era houses in the US and ruins that make Rome
    | look young, but they don't occupy anyone's mindspace when it
    | comes to how they think of age.
 
      | mgraczyk wrote:
      | Hopefully this is a joke? There are no structures in the US
      | built prior to 1000ad, and the oldest structures built by
      | indigenous people were abandoned long before European
      | contact, because of deforestation.
 
        | WillPostForFood wrote:
        | You have places like Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico. It's
        | construction date is disputes, but is at least 1000ad,
        | and it wasn't abandoned before European contact.
 
        | Rebelgecko wrote:
        | There are definitely structures in the US that were built
        | prior to 1000AD. For example the first 4 stories of
        | Pueblo Bonito were built around 850.
        | 
        | Some of the pueblos that were built around 1000 years ago
        | are still used (e.g. Taos Pueblo, although most of the
        | buildings have been retrofitted with modern conveniences
        | like doors)
 
        | mgraczyk wrote:
        | I would Pueblo Bonito a "ruin", not a "structure" that
        | somebody could live in.
        | 
        | The Taos Pueblo structures were built ~1400. Can you give
        | an example of a "medieval-era structure" that somebody is
        | living in today?
 
        | AlotOfReading wrote:
        | So for context, I've literally seen/worked on structures
        | older than that. I'll format this as a list to avoid a
        | giant wall of text.
        | 
        | * Plenty of structures were built prior to 1100CE. You
        | can't build a freeway in Tucson without digging up an
        | late archaic (~2300-1500 BCE) pithouse, as an example.
        | 
        | * Plenty of indigenous structures have centuries of
        | continuous inhabitation. Taos is a good example, having a
        | single structure that's been inhabited since the 13th
        | century. Other communities are older (e.g. Oraibi dates
        | from ~1150), but don't have extant usable structures from
        | those early days.
        | 
        | * Indigenous structures were not abandoned prior to
        | European contact, let alone because of deforestation. Did
        | you autocorrect from "disease" (which would also be
        | mistaken, but less so)? Very simplified statement here
        | because this is a topic that could fill a library. Happy
        | to talk more on it.
 
        | mgraczyk wrote:
        | Can you give me an example of a "structure" in the
        | present day US that was built prior to 1000 AD? I'm not
        | talking about a pit underground, which is not a
        | "structure".
        | 
        | Can you give me an example of a "medieval-era houses in
        | the US" that somebody lives in today? The ones you
        | mentioned were built after the middle ages, your dates
        | are not right and describe the time the settlement was
        | created, not the time the structures were built.
        | 
        | Which Taos structure has been inhabited since the 13th
        | century? The Taos pueblo structures standing today were
        | built around 1400, not the middle ages, not the 13th
        | century.
        | 
        | The Oraibi _settlement_ has been inhabited for centuries.
        | The structures were built in the 17th century, not the
        | middle ages, not 1150.
 
        | AlotOfReading wrote:
        | Generally the "medieval period" extends from sometime in
        | the first few centuries CE to as late as the end of the
        | 16th century. Obviously this is being used in the same
        | informal sense that I'd have talking with friends, rather
        | than a specific technical sense that would be more
        | regionally appropriate.
        | 
        | The 13th century when the earliest kivas and walls at
        | Taos Pueblo are well-agreed to be dated. Oral histories
        | date it rather earlier, but I'm being conservative. I
        | have pretty terrible internet access right now, so I
        | can't _link_ anything on those dates, but I 'm fairly
        | sure that's how the UN filings date it at least, though I
        | couldn't tell you whether those apply to the north or
        | south houses specifically.
        | 
        | Re: oraibi, I tried to make it clear that I was talking
        | about the town itself rather than specific structures
        | within it. The earliest structures are below the cliff,
        | not above where the modern town is. That move happened in
        | the 17th and 18th centuries to make it more defensible.
        | As far as I'm aware, most of the extant buildings are
        | 20th century at the earliest.
        | 
        | As for "structure", a pithouse _is_ a structure and a
        | primarily aboveground one at that. The name refers to the
        | fact that they 're dug into the ground for thermal and
        | flooring reasons. The late archaic ones in the Tucson
        | area along the Santa Cruz river were often built
        | alongside small irrigation canals and house groups often
        | had low walls around them. Again, can't link, but there
        | are experimental reconstructions of Pueblo I era
        | pithouses that you can look at pictures of. They're
        | "similar enough" to be worth looking at, even though
        | there are meaningful reasons they're part of different
        | archeological periods.
 
        | mgraczyk wrote:
        | Seems pretty tenuous, and I don't see any radiocarbon
        | dating or high quality archeology. It's not surprised
        | this doesn't "occupy anyone's mindspace".
        | 
        | I think the claim "There are still people living in
        | medieval-era houses in the US " is misleading and
        | possibly wrong. A more accurate claim would be "It is
        | possible but unconfirmed that there are a handful of
        | occupied houses in one location in the US with walls that
        | were originally built in the late medieval era. These are
        | extremely far from population centers, so it's
        | unsurprising most people don't think about them the way
        | Europeans think about older structures".
 
        | AlotOfReading wrote:
        | Well, there were some issues with genocide between then
        | and now that cut down on the number of example I can give
        | you and inherently limit them to places far from major
        | population centers. There are a lot of places all over
        | the country with fairly continuous habitation records
        | that abruptly terminate in the colonial period. The
        | Southwest broadly managed to retain a higher degree of
        | independence than most other parts of the continent until
        | the 20th century partly as a result of that remoteness
        | and more organized military responses.
 
  | raisin_churn wrote:
  | A significant percentage of single-family and rowhouses in DC
  | are older Preister's, the actually historic ones by about a
  | century. My own house is a couple years newer than his, 1919 I
  | think. I just put up solar panels without any NIMBY nonsense
  | like this. My only regret is that the south-facing roof is in
  | the rear, so it was not economical to plaster the north-facing
  | front roof with panels and thus trigger any passing
  | reactionaries.
 
| young_hopper wrote:
| My grandfather (born Philadelphia 1932) always told a story about
| how kids in his town would go to the train tracks in the winter
| and throw rocks at the engines. This would prompt the conductor
| to throw back pieces of coal from the engine to shoo them away.
| They would then pick up the coal and run away to use it to heat
| their homes. The conductors always knew what was going on, but it
| was the railway's coal, so they just always played along.
| 
| Anyway, always found that interesting.
 
  | awillen wrote:
  | Is this why Mac and Charlie throw rocks at trains at
  | Christmas?!
 
  | joecool1029 wrote:
  | I still find big chunks (like bigger than softball) of
  | anthracite coal around where the Morris Canal used to be in NJ.
  | Always assumed some just fell off as they were transporting it
  | from PA to NY for industrial use. I don't think trains normally
  | used chunks this large, when I was a kid we used the more
  | thumb-sized pieces of coal to heat the house when we weren't
  | using wood.
  | 
  | In coldest part of winter I think we'd go through roughly a 5
  | gallon pail per day of it. (stove would need charging every 12
  | hours)
 
    | nimbius wrote:
    | I apprenticed repairing coal cars and mining equipment and I
    | can confirm the industry is pretty wasteful. we used to get
    | cars that still had nearly a hundred pounds of coal in them.
    | we used to quietly shovel it out in the winter and use it to
    | run little shop stoves we called dumpers for heat.
 
      | bombcar wrote:
      | That's called gleaning and dates back to biblical times or
      | before.
      | 
      | If you look at in based on percentages, you see whilst the
      | amount may be large on a human scale, the time to 'get'
      | that last bit isn't worthwhile.
 
      | joecool1029 wrote:
      | Nowadays we have waste oil burners to heat shops around
      | here. We used to give all our used engine oil to a mechanic
      | neighbor with a big shop.
 
      | xyzzyz wrote:
      | For 100 pounds of coal, the bulk buyers paid less than $5,
      | typically $2-3. That's hardly worth the hassle for them.
 
  | refurb wrote:
  | Long ago I worked at a massive plant that had its own power
  | station (electricity and steam), fired by coal.
  | 
  | It had its own rail line to bring in coal. When you drove in
  | you'd drive by a pile of coal about 50 ft high.
  | 
  | We got a tour of the power plant and it had recently been
  | upgraded in terms of efficiency and emissions.
  | 
  | Pretty sure it's been shutdown now.
 
| tamaharbor wrote:
| The coal to wind/solar analogy would be more appropriate if coal
| only burned about half of the time.
 
| tablespoon wrote:
| > But as cities grew rapidly and demanded ever more fuel,
| choppers quickly deforested surrounding areas. Firewood became
| scarce and expensive. By 1744, Benjamin Franklin was bemoaning
| the plight of his fellow Philadelphians: "Wood, our common Fewel,
| which within these 100 Years might be had at every Man's Door,
| must now be fetch'd near 100 Miles to some towns, and makes a
| very considerable Article in the Expence of Families," he wrote.
| Johann David Schoepf, a German physician and botanist who
| traveled through America during and after the Revolutionary War,
| fretted that all this wood-burning would not "leave for
| [American] grandchildren a bit of wood over which to hang the
| tea-kettle."
| 
| It's interesting to note that coal was the solution to a prior
| generation's ecological problem, and now it's the source of our
| generation's problems.
 
  | carapace wrote:
  | Woodland management was a solved problem for centuries, we just
  | didn't practice it. E.g.: coppicing and pollarding
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollarding
 
    | renox wrote:
    | You're the one saying that they didn't manage properly the
    | forests, I don't know if they did or not but what I know is
    | that when the population increase at some point forests
    | cannot provide enough wood for everybody..
    | 
    | Especially since, as stated in the article, the fireplace of
    | the time were inefficient..
 
      | carapace wrote:
      | > You're the one saying that they didn't manage properly
      | the forests, I don't know if they did or not...
      | 
      | It's literally a quote from Ben Franklin? They cut down all
      | the firewood for "near 100 Miles to some towns".
      | 
      | > when the population increase at some point forests cannot
      | provide enough wood for everybody
      | 
      | Yes, of course, but not by 1744.
 
| mattnewton wrote:
| > "I applaud your greenness," Chris Landis, an architect and
| board member, told Preister at a meeting in October 2019, "but I
| just have this vision of a row of houses with solar panels on the
| front of them and it just--it upsets me."
| 
| My blood boils, of all the things to be a busybody about what
| someone builds on the roof of their own property, you want to
| have them throw away free energy and keep burning fossil fuels
| because you are used to the current aesthetics of the roof..
 
  | catgary wrote:
  | I honestly wonder whether or not they should have named Landis
  | in this article, because he could easily end up the target of a
  | lot of abuse due to this article (and how it demonstrates that
  | he is a complete knuckle dragging moron).
 
  | pishpash wrote:
  | This is the incorrect response to this. A better response is
  | how can you make architecture with solar panels more
  | aesthetically pleasing. The half covered roof is objectively
  | ugly. Leaf-like, self-standing panels look much better.
  | 
  | I bet early stoves were ugly too but kitchen appliances do have
  | styles and they've gotten better with updates.
 
    | RealityVoid wrote:
    | I don't buy this. Tasteses are informed by what is common and
    | what is common is so because of technical reasons, most of
    | the time. Getting stuck in what is the current taste is
    | myopic, we should focus on function.
 
    | laumars wrote:
    | A better response would be: "let's use the tech we have now
    | _while_ we design a more aesthetically pleasing solution"
    | 
    | Aesthetics can be important but pragmatically they're far
    | less important than the health of our planet.
 
  | iasay wrote:
  | Yep. The decline of humanity will be at the hands of greater
  | spotted fucking moron, of which Chris Landis is clearly a prime
  | example of the species.
  | 
  | You can have both. But really the entire planet works on making
  | negative side effects of solving a problem someone else's
  | problem and this spans from globalisation of supply chains to
  | energy supply. This attitude just enables it.
  | 
  | People needs to start looking at local self-sufficiency of
  | energy and materials to some degree.
 
    | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
    | > People needs to start looking at local self-sufficiency of
    | energy and materials to some degree.
    | 
    | This is a complete, unrealistic pipe dream. Yes, we've
    | obviously seen a "deglobalization" occurring, and many
    | countries are feeling the pain of being completely dependent
    | on critical fuel and materials from one or a few other
    | countries with shaky political systems.
    | 
    | But the idea that "local self sufficiency" is possible on a
    | wide scale, without sending us all back to the stone age, is
    | quite frankly nonsense. I remember reading an article a while
    | back about how something as ubiquitous as a cheeseburger is
    | only possible with wide, nation-crossing supply chains.
    | 
    | Saying "we should look at local self sufficiency" makes
    | people think of planting a garden in their back yard, when in
    | reality it would mean virtually all of the advances in human
    | comfort, health and convenience over the past couple hundred
    | years or so would have to be given up.
 
      | mmmpop wrote:
      | > I remember reading an article a while back about how
      | something as ubiquitous as a cheeseburger is only possible
      | with wide, nation-crossing supply chains.
      | 
      | I'm the article was informative but I know where a few cows
      | are and I know how to at least field dress a carcass, so I
      | bet I can wrangle me some hamburger.
 
        | smackeyacky wrote:
        | I'm sure you can, but it doesn't scale. The only way we
        | eat is industrialised agriculture.
        | 
        | You will be fighting your neighbours for that cow and
        | wasting most of it.
        | 
        | Similarly with "backyard plots" and that other great
        | modern stupidity, the vertical indoor garden. Like
        | anybody will be lazily reaching over to pick a tomato
        | from their indoor vertical garden instead of the
        | monstrous greenhouses that most tomatoes come from these
        | days.
 
        | Retric wrote:
        | In WWII home gardens roughly doubled fresh vegetable
        | production.
        | 
        | The degree to which they're a good idea personally varies
        | quite a bit, but backyards represent a lot of viable
        | farmland on a national scale.
 
        | lovich wrote:
        | I agree with you that we rely on industrial agriculture
        | and the amount of space someone needs to fully feed
        | themselves is larger than most peoples available space,
        | but I and others totally reach for the shit we grow
        | before resorting to buying in a store, I don't know why
        | you think that can't subsidize some need for shipping
        | food
 
      | iasay wrote:
      | I'm not suggesting that we send ourselves back to the stone
      | age. I'm suggesting that we stop shipping resources half
      | way around the planet and then send the trash back because
      | it's cheaper. The last 50-80 years at least has been a race
      | to the lowest cost with no consideration for any
      | consequences such as the environment, security and
      | stability.
      | 
      | UK is a fine example. We had a great steel industry here.
      | But it's cheaper to buy it from China and India and it
      | helps us hit our pollution targets not processing it here.
      | But we just pushed the problem to where the side effects
      | aren't immediately visible. The real issue is our
      | consumption and use of materials.
      | 
      | This is the reality:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iy63PEgmm8w
 
        | [deleted]
 
    | vasco wrote:
    | That dude's quote is definitely moronic but you making the
    | leap that globalization is somehow the root of all of
    | society's problems is pretty close.
 
  | js2 wrote:
  | We should have Federal solar access laws. It's especially
  | pathetic this is in D.C. It sounds like they bowed to pressure
  | though:
  | 
  | https://positivechangepc.com/uncategorized/dc-will-now-allow...
 
    | phpisthebest wrote:
    | >>We should have Federal solar access laws
    | 
    | Why Federal? Under which Constitutional Authority would such
    | a Federal law be placed?
    | 
    | Frankly a HUGE part of the problem we have today, including
    | the ever increasing division is the federal government
    | expansion in areas (like property use) never envisioned or
    | authorized by the US Constitution
    | 
    | So no we do not need a federal solar access law.
 
      | james4k wrote:
      | stepping in to protect on issues of liberty and property
      | are of course under constitutional authority
 
| karaterobot wrote:
| I think the point of making this comparison is to say "See,
| Americans have resisted changes in their energy sources before,
| just like they're resisting it today."
| 
| If so, I have a few issues with it:
| 
| 1. Everyone who resisted the transition to coal in the
| 1800s-1860s has been dead for over a hundred years. A different
| set of people are resisting it now. They don't know each other,
| or coordinate. They don't draw inspiration from each other. Much
| has happened in the interim. So, this feels like a meaningless
| historical anecdote, and not an enlightening framing device.
| 
| 2. The vast majority of Americans support solar and wind energy
| as power sources. Around 80% support for increasing both solar
| and wind energy[1].
| 
| 3. Coal isn't sustainable and it's a huge source of air
| pollution. That's how we phrase it today, whereas in the 19th
| century they complained about not being able to grow coal
| themselves, and about it being a "secret poisoner". But the
| complaints amount to the same thing. On what basis do we imply
| their concerns were ignorant and short-sighted when it seems like
| they turned out to be essentially correct?
| 
| [1] https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/06/08/most-
| americ...
 
  | lemmsjid wrote:
  | To your first point, what is interesting, and often
  | frustrating, is exactly what you're saying: people resisting
  | change now did not learn from people then. Quite the opposite.
  | The point is that people often defend their status quo ignorant
  | of the fact that it itself is the result of many historical
  | transformations. The institution of marriage is a good example.
  | Another is behavior that is considered gender normative.
  | 
  | It's quite interesting how even the wording echoes over time.
  | Hawthorne's belief that firelight is essential to discourse
  | reminds me of the critiques of mass newspaper reading (that
  | modern society would be ruined because everyone would have
  | their face in a newspaper), or how novel reading would bring
  | ruin to women.
  | 
  | The point being that the status quo today, or the status quo in
  | the 1950's, is itself the result of many changes that people at
  | the time thought were ruinous, from mass reading, to bibles
  | written in colloquial speech, to voluntary marriage.
  | 
  | This does not mean resistance to change is bad: it certainly
  | seems like a useful reflex to keep chaos at bay. Your third
  | point is quite apropos. A good example of that as well was the
  | popular resistance to the automobile. People at the time saw
  | the mounting fatalities, the congestion and pollution, all of
  | which is so normalized today.
 
  | Spooky23 wrote:
  | People definitely knew that coal soot was a health issue - the
  | town I grew in exists because those who could fled NYC in the
  | summer.
  | 
  | But a lot of the reaction was like today economic. If you owned
  | mills or real estate around steams, the notion of some upstart
  | putting you out of business with a steam powered facility was
  | not well received. Lots of people rag on electric cars, because
  | they are one of the millions of people making a living based on
  | ICE cars who will find themselves redundant.
 
| acqbu wrote:
| dupe https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32051914
 
  | smegsicle wrote:
  | there's nothing there
 
| ratsmack wrote:
| I don't have a problem with wind and solar, but I do have a
| problem with the enormous amounts of toxic waste produced making
| solar panels and wind mills. Then there is the problem of what to
| do with the huge amount of waste material once the wind mills and
| solar panels need to be replaced. It seems that no one is
| addressing these issues.
| 
| On a side note, eWaste is becoming a biger issue every day as we
| produce ever increasing "things" to make our life easier.
 
  | hourago wrote:
  | Ummmm... the machines to mine coal produce even more waste. The
  | same for drilling equipment for oil.
  | 
  | So, what's your argument?
 
    | ratsmack wrote:
    | The argument being that when you just replace one type of
    | pollution with another, I'm not sure you're benefiting as
    | much as many people believe. I worry that some of the toxins
    | produced with modern technologies may be worse than what we
    | already have.
 
      | Spooky23 wrote:
      | The millions of people who have suffered and died as a
      | result of inhaling stuff like uranium from coal soot would
      | probably disagree.
      | 
      | Electronics manufacturing has its risks and concerns, but
      | is an easier problem to address as manufacturing is a
      | centralized activity, easy to regulate.
 
        | pessimizer wrote:
        | > easy to regulate.
        | 
        | Theoretically.
 
      | lemmsjid wrote:
      | Even if alternate energy sources were in equal footing with
      | fossil fuels it would still be worth it to pursue them
      | because of diversification. Fossil fuel extraction has been
      | a driving force behind geopolitics for the last century.
      | While the elements behind solar and batteries are similarly
      | becoming strategic resources, at least the list of
      | exploitable resources is growing rather than shrinking.
 
      | kortex wrote:
      | > I worry that some of the toxins produced with modern
      | technologies may be worse than what we already have.
      | 
      | Well worry not, as coal is known to be the greatest
      | contributor of radioactive elements and mercury in our
      | environment at the moment.
 
    | kQq9oHeAz6wLLS wrote:
    | I don't see them making the argument _for_ coal, just
    | pointing out some concerns over solar and wind. And that 's
    | fine.
 
| fny wrote:
| I'm going to posit the closest modern analogue to coal is not
| wind and solar but rather nuclear. People hear nuclear and
| immediately think "no thanks" despite it solving energy scarcity
| and cleanliness in one shot.
 
  | edent wrote:
  | Where do you get the uranium from? It doesn't magically fall
  | out of the sky. It comes from heavy extractive of industry.
  | 
  | What's the reasonable worst case scenario with a nuclear plant
  | failing? Is that particularly clean?
  | 
  | What happens to the waste? Does it have to be stored and
  | protected long term?
  | 
  | Nuclear can be great at eliminating scarcity. And it can be
  | clean in use (if you ignore extracting and refining the fuel.
  | And ignore contamination. And ignore waste storage. And ignore
  | decommissioning).
 
    | orangecat wrote:
    | _Where do you get the uranium from? It doesn 't magically
    | fall out of the sky. It comes from heavy extractive of
    | industry._
    | 
    | As opposed to the Windmill Fairy?
    | 
    |  _What 's the reasonable worst case scenario with a nuclear
    | plant failing?_
    | 
    | Using Fukushima as an example, the worst case is that fewer
    | people died as a result of the meltdown than died from the
    | hasty reaction of shutting down all of Japan's other nuclear
    | plants (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2019/10/31/sh
    | utting-...).
    | 
    |  _What happens to the waste?_
    | 
    | It's contained, which is a large improvement over spewing it
    | into the atmosphere.
    | 
    | These clever questions you're asking have been studied
    | extensively, and nuclear comes out far ahead of fossil fuels
    | on every conceivable metric. You can try to make the argument
    | that we don't need to build any more nuclear plants because
    | wind and solar will provide everything we need in 10 years,
    | although you'll need to explain why this is true now when
    | people have been incorrectly claiming it for 40+ years. But
    | if you're shutting down nuclear plants and burning more coal
    | as a result (hello Germany), you've taken a very wrong turn.
 
      | grey-area wrote:
      | At this point the cost of Fukushima in yen and in lives
      | blighted by evacuations will be far far above any positive
      | contribution from the plant.
 
        | arcticbull wrote:
        | Literally zero people died in the immediate aftermath,
        | and in the years since one person who worked at the plant
        | has died.
        | 
        | The data is clear, in terms of deaths per TWh of
        | generated power, nuclear is the safest, cleanest form of
        | power we have. [1]
        | 
        | Coal power kills between 24 and 100 people per TWh
        | generated (100 for brown coal). Nuclear is 0.03 - between
        | industrial solar and wind, and significantly lower than
        | rooftop solar. It also has a lower carbon impact than
        | both wind and solar.
        | 
        | Yes people were evacuated. But they'd have been evacuated
        | anyways whatever kind of plant was there.
        | 
        | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy
 
    | arcticbull wrote:
    | There's four billion tons dissolved in the ocean. But even if
    | you weren't interested, switching to breeder reactors would
    | make the terrestrial supply last 100x longer. And of course
    | there's thorium cycle which dramatically expands the supply
    | too. Supply is not an issue.
 
    | nix0n wrote:
    | It's not perfect, but it's a lot more clean than fossil
    | fuels.
 
    | jvanderbot wrote:
    | I suppose these hypothetical, rhetorical questions are
    | convincing to some, but the data on Nuclear power is pretty
    | good.
    | 
    | How do you define "Clean"?
    | 
    | Deaths per watt? https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-
    | of-energy
    | 
    | Maybe there's no where to store waste? https://en.wikipedia.o
    | rg/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_r...
    | 
    | Radiation from the waste though? "The current analysis
    | indicates that the repository will cause less than 1
    | mrem/year public dose for 1,000,000 years"
    | 
    | Or maybe we're worried about a meltdown? Perhaps we could
    | read up on Fukushima?
    | 
    | Well there, one person died from radiation, and 2000 from the
    | evacuation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_n
    | uclear_disa...
    | 
    | The most at-risk individuals experienced a lifetime 1%
    | increase chance of cancer. The rest were less that 0.5%.
    | COVID had a bigger fatality rate initially.
    | 
    | let's compare that to the 20,000 people the wave killed. (The
    | one that caused the meltdown).
    | 
    | These are good questions to ask, but there are, what, three
    | total nuclear disasters to consider in modern history? And of
    | those, only the one in Russia caused deaths (plural) and true
    | disaster. And of the horrific conditions, incompetent design,
    | and complete mismanagement and deliberate lying, 30 people
    | died total.
    | 
    | Fossil fuel pollution is responsible for (by some figures) 1
    | in 5 deaths worldwide. Enough.
 
      | jvanderbot wrote:
      | Oh I forgot. Let's talk about transport danger.
      | 
      | Uranium is 16,000 as energy dense as Coal (and coal is the
      | densest) . That means you'd need ONE tanker sized craft to
      | transport way, way more fuel than all the tankers of the
      | world.
      | 
      | https://www.statista.com/statistics/468405/global-oil-
      | tanker...
 
        | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
        | And just imagine how many miles nuclear powered Aircraft
        | Carriers have traversed without significant incident
        | since the 1960's.
 
        | ok_dad wrote:
        | Navy nuclear safety is the result of planning and
        | engineering and obscene amounts of money. There is no way
        | commercial energy plants could profit if they spent the
        | resources the navy does.
 
        | jvanderbot wrote:
        | ok. how about France? They get 70% of their power from
        | Nuclear, starting in 1962.
 
    | lordnacho wrote:
    | The mining and waste are much smaller scale due to the
    | incredible energy density of nuclear.
    | 
    | Look at how ugly coal gets, for the same amount of energy.
    | Kids down in the mines, miner's strikes when it ended, people
    | dying of smog. All sorts of terrible things derived from coal
    | need to be included in this comparison.
    | 
    | The only thing nuclear really has against it is that when it
    | goes wrong it can go really wrong. And people have thought
    | about those modes of failure quite a bit, so why don't we see
    | if they've come up with something?
    | 
    | We should try nuclear and see where it goes.
 
      | salty_biscuits wrote:
      | There is also the nuclear weapons proliferation bit. I'm
      | honestly more concerned about that than accidents.
 
        | smackeyacky wrote:
        | It doesn't have to be that way. I'm no great fan of
        | Nuclear power (although mostly because we know it will be
        | privatised and the private company running it will
        | suddenly be bankrupt when it comes to the clean up) but
        | the US and Russia hid a lot of their weapons development
        | behind "too cheap to meter" nuclear power stations.
        | 
        | I wouldn't guarantee they would not do that again, but
        | the incentives are very different this time around, so
        | the design of the power stations shouldn't produce
        | material suitable for modern nuclear weapons as a side
        | effect.
 
| ricardobeat wrote:
| A bit odd to compare the blight of solar panels to the
| introduction of coal.
| 
| There's no reason to not densely pack solar panels atop
| commercial buildings or any other large pieces of land, then
| "transport" the energy to the homes. The constraints are
| completely different.
 
  | jillesvangurp wrote:
  | Indeed, the main concern with solar is just cost and
  | availability. Getting electricity for free from the sun is a
  | great value proposition for most people. Spending tens of
  | thousands on your roof, not so much. The upfront investment is
  | a bit of a hurdle. And you get some push-back from Nimby's
  | complaining about what things look like. Of course nothing
  | compared to if you were to cause a lot of smog by burning coal.
  | 
  | With coal the concern is the sooth, dust, pollution, and smell.
  | It's just nasty, toxic stuff. Smog from coal is unpleasant.
  | It's not like a wood fire which at least smells nice. Coal is
  | what you used to burn if you could not afford wood or gas.
  | Throwing a lump of coal on the fire is nobody's idea of a
  | romantic thing to do. Making a nice wood fire, completely
  | different thing.
  | 
  | Here in Berlin, people were burning coal in some parts of the
  | city until gentrification caused most of the remaining DDR
  | construction to get renovated. As recent as ten years ago, you
  | could smell coal in the winter in e.g. Prenzlauer Berg, which
  | is now a properly gentrified area full of hipsters, coffee
  | shops, etc. One of my colleagues at the time rented an attic
  | with only a coal furnace. He had to carry the stuff upstairs if
  | he wanted heating. But he payed very little in rent so he was
  | OK with that. It's the most run down, poor areas that got rid
  | of coal last.
 
    | throwaway28934 wrote:
    | My family burned coal when I was a child, and eventually
    | switched to wood. Cost aside, coal still seemed a lot more
    | practical for seriously heating a house because it stays lit
    | much longer, wood constantly demands attention and
    | refuelling. But it's harder to light and the ash is useless.
    | Nostalgic though :)
 
  | bobthepanda wrote:
  | Not familiar with installation as I don't own a home, but do
  | most roofs have the load capacity to handle all the solar
  | panels?
  | 
  | One of the deadliest building disasters happened because of not
  | respecting weight limits of the roof.
  | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampoong_Department_Store_co...
 
    | edent wrote:
    | The large panels I recently had installed weighed less than
    | 20Kg each. Much less than the weight of the slate tiles they
    | replaced.
 
    | BolexNOLA wrote:
    | Solar shingles are a relatively new consumer option I've seen
    | deployed very effectively. Looks slick if done right and
    | helps reduce/solve the problem you're mentioning.
 
      | joecool1029 wrote:
      | >if done right
      | 
      | My gut reaction is that it probably costs a ton more to
      | install and wire solar shingles and is less efficient?
      | Unless we're talking new commercial installs and not
      | residential?
 
    | Spooky23 wrote:
    | Generally speaking, yes. But as with all things, it depends.
 
| LAC-Tech wrote:
| It's winter here New Zealand. Something like 30% of people in my
| region still burn coal in the winter to keep their houses warm.
| Most of the rest burn firewood.
 
| kvetching wrote:
| "Green Energy" (The production of solar panels and windmills are
| FAR from green) propaganda.
 
  | inb4_cancelled wrote:
  | Please provide numbers.
 
    | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
    | At present the turbines are not recyclable.
    | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-02-05/wind-
    | turb...
    | 
    | EVs are probably really worse than hybrids.
    | https://youtu.be/S1E8SQde5rk
    | 
    | Solar panels are pretty toxic. Present recycling produces all
    | sorts of toxic waste that might be poorly handled.
    | https://www.cfact.org/2019/09/15/the-solar-panel-toxic-
    | waste...
    | 
    | Batteries are often sourced from slave labor.
    | https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/green-
    | battery-r...
    | 
    | Lithium miners often continue exploration of indigenous
    | peoples. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/business/bat
    | teries/t...
    | 
    | Lithium mining often poisons the environment.
    | https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/renewable/the-
    | env...
    | 
    | The list goes on.
 
| Shorel wrote:
| To me, this is the epitome, the Magnum opus of propaganda.
| 
| Corporations convinced the public to vote against green energy,
| and the public does!
| 
| Democracy would be much better if our brains were equipped
| against such practices.
 
  | roamerz wrote:
  | Corporations? That hardly the case. People make up their own
  | minds about green energy and make decisions about about voting
  | themselves. People are seeing the affects right now of what
  | happens when they vote for politicians that are doing their
  | best to shut down oil - $6 a gallon gas.
 
  | labster wrote:
  | I have seen it in action, though. PG&E bought enough propaganda
  | to convince Yolo County not to switch to a public utility. They
  | convinced everyone to take a worse deal that would cost more
  | money, by repeating the lie so many times that the other side
  | cost more. Most human brains are not equipped to make rational
  | decisions, but simply make social decisions based on perception
  | of group opinion.
 
  | woodruffw wrote:
  | See also: the invention of "jaywalking" to criminalize
  | pedestrians and elevate car traffic over foot traffic[1], and
  | the successful effort to dismantle the US's streetcar
  | systems[2].
  | 
  | [1]: https://www.vox.com/2015/1/15/7551873/jaywalking-history
  | 
  | [2]:
  | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_con...
 
    | jimmaswell wrote:
    | Jaywalking is an example of this power being used for good.
    | Traffic flow is more important than being able to cross
    | anywhere you want when we have crosswalks.
 
      | woodruffw wrote:
      | Nobody thinks that traffic flow isn't important. What's
      | striking is the _prioritization_ of one form of traffic
      | over another, largely at the expensive of neighborhoods and
      | the people who live in them.
 
      | ahipple wrote:
      | One could just as easily say that "[foot] traffic flow is
      | more important than being able to [drive] anywhere you
      | want", and in some locales that attitude may serve to
      | benefit more people than the inverse. It's not a given that
      | cars must be the default mode of transportation, but the
      | idea that this _is_ a given is ingrained in the public
      | conversation about infrastructure due to precisely the sort
      | of propaganda the original commenter in this thread was
      | talking about.
 
      | carapace wrote:
      | FWIW, check out "A Trip Down Market Street", filmed in 1906
      | in SF just before the earthquake.
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oubsaFBUcTc
      | 
      | Upscaled and colorized:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO_1AdYRGW8
      | 
      | You can see pedestrians, horse-drawn carriages, and early
      | automobiles all "flowing" together.
 
      | thebradbain wrote:
      | In what context?
      | 
      | In New York and many other pedestrian-oriented cities
      | around the world, more people get around via walking than
      | driving for intra-city trips -- the cars are the ones
      | blocking traffic flow there.
      | 
      | Nevertheless, I'm of the persuasion that people who live in
      | a neighborhood/city/region should be prioritized more for
      | quality of life purposes than those merely passing through
      | on a commute. Thus I would argue a pedestrian-hostile six
      | lane road has no purpose going through a residential area,
      | and in the same way I think there's as many places where
      | pedestrians should be prioritized highly above cars, such
      | as neighborhoods, school zones, and dense commercial
      | corridors.
      | 
      | It's all contextual.
 
        | jimmaswell wrote:
        | There's a crosswalk at every intersection in New York. It
        | would be unecessary and inefficient for the streets to be
        | constantly crowded by pedestrians. The pedestrian's trip
        | would be marginally faster while traffic would be backed
        | up considerably.
 
        | woodruffw wrote:
        | This is the sort of language we're talking about:
        | pedestrians aren't (and rightfully wouldn't be)
        | "crowding" anyone. Pedestrians have been crowded onto
        | sidewalks, to the advantage of a relatively small (and
        | substantially less dense) class of drivers.
        | 
        | Driving in NYC should be a matter of necessity, not pure
        | expedience. If and when our policies match that fact,
        | those drivers that _need_ to drive will find that they're
        | stuck in less traffic as a result.
 
        | eropple wrote:
        | "Traffic" has no inherent right to not be backed up.
        | 
        | If you are able to walk and you aren't carrying cargo,
        | you should be walking. The overwhelming majority of a
        | city's residents fit into this category and the
        | ridiculous amount of square footage allocated to car-
        | asphalt is in defiance of this. And every able-bodied
        | person who drives into the city for an office job should
        | be dissuaded by geometrically increasing parking costs
        | for increasing that unnecessary traffic load.
        | 
        | I live in on the edge of the suburbs and my car's gotten
        | sixteen thousand miles on it in the last five years.
        | Almost all of which is going to Home Depot and back or
        | visiting people significantly outside of the city.
 
      | eropple wrote:
      | Nah. Cars can slow down and cars can wait. And, preferably,
      | be removed from populous areas during human-active hours
      | (modulo assistive vehicles).
      | 
      | Massachusetts has a thunderous $1 fine for your first,
      | second, and third jaywalking offense ($2 for those
      | subsequent), and the world has not ended.
 
        | fooker wrote:
        | > Cars can slow down and cars can wait.
        | 
        | How about emergency response vehicles of any kind?
 
        | jimmaswell wrote:
        | In Tokyo it's uncommon to jaywalk and it's still
        | considered the #4 most pedestrian friendly city. It's
        | more efficient and safe for everyone this way.
 
        | woodruffw wrote:
        | Jaywalking has been exported to the rest of the world,
        | but Tokyo is not a great example: they've successfully
        | applied just about every urban design technique that
        | allows cars and other traffic to coexist, _to the uniform
        | detriment of cars._ [1]
        | 
        | In other words: the restrictions that Tokyo places on
        | urban car traffic would make the average American driver
        | scream bloody murder.
        | 
        | [1]:
        | https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2019/10/1/lessons-
        | from-t...
 
  | avgcorrection wrote:
  | You call a system a democracy where corporations can spend tens
  | of billions on propaganda. And conclude that our brains are the
  | problem.
 
    | warning26 wrote:
    | Sure, so how do you stop that?
    | 
    | As long as it's possible for individuals to decide things via
    | voting, there will be an incentive to convince those
    | individuals to vote in particular ways.
 
      | avgcorrection wrote:
      | I don't get why this is hard to understand^W communicate.
      | 
      | Corporations have tens of billions to spend on marketing.
      | To put things in perspective: what do _regular people_ have
      | in terms of a propaganda budget in order to target
      | corporations?
      | 
      | The very fact that corporations have these kinds of budgets
      | to just point at regular people--and regular people have no
      | recourse other than "don't be stupid"--betrays the fact
      | that ours are democracies in name only.
      | 
      | If a nation had a population of millions and a handful of
      | billionaires who just bought off the politicians then the
      | real fundamental problem would be the massive wealth
      | disparity, _not_ the fact that the billionaires could _de
      | jure_ buy off politicians (they could have done that _de
      | facto_ if there was no such explicit law).
 
        | refurb wrote:
        | Bloomberg spent $1B of his own money to become US
        | President and never even had a good showing in the
        | primary.
        | 
        | I think you over estimate the power of money on people's
        | thoughts and opinions.
 
        | avgcorrection wrote:
        | Am I supposed to respond to the collective opinion drift
        | caused by a new person responding to me in this thread at
        | every sub-level?
        | 
        | The original claim was that our brains are broken because
        | we respond to propaganda. I don't have the inclination to
        | address the opposite claim as well.
 
      | pessimizer wrote:
      | Through governance and civilization? There will always be
      | an incentive to bribe public officials, too. Or for that
      | matter, to rob, rape, and kill.
 
    | patrickthebold wrote:
    | Of course people's brains are the problem. Who do you think
    | is deciding things?
 
      | avgcorrection wrote:
      | Going by the amount of money spent: the corporations,
      | obviously.
 
        | actually_a_dog wrote:
        | Corporations don't just run themselves.
 
        | avgcorrection wrote:
        | Corporations are run as command economies by a small
        | handful of people. Corporations indirectly run society.
        | Hence a small number of people run society. Which means
        | that democracies are not run by the people. Hence
        | democracy in name only.
 
| hourago wrote:
| > Besides contributing to climate change, pollution from coal
| kills half a million people globally each year.
| 
| That is an externality. My company gets there profit, other
| people die, but I do not need to pay for it. How is this legal?
 
  | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
  | Because people make money. How many of us own Apple products?
  | We know they have near slave labor and high suicide rates in
  | Foxconn. The US doesn't even attach tariffs to them.
 
    | Gordonjcp wrote:
    | > high suicide rates in Foxconn
    | 
    | Didn't that turn out to be considerably lower than the
    | average suicide rate in China?
 
      | fooker wrote:
      | Yes, after they put nets on the walls to catch would-be-
      | suiciders and threatened families employees who would
      | consider that option.
 
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