[HN Gopher] Whatever happened to the bee apocalypse?
___________________________________________________________________
 
Whatever happened to the bee apocalypse?
 
Author : nsoonhui
Score  : 218 points
Date   : 2022-06-25 13:09 UTC (9 hours ago)
 
web link (backreaction.blogspot.com)
w3m dump (backreaction.blogspot.com)
 
| rob_c wrote:
| Simply put.
| 
| Please America stop using more and more artificial modern
| chemicals in your farming and go back to tried and tested
| agricultural methods.
| 
| Your soil is getting destroyed through mega tractors. Your buying
| everything glaxo can sell and your harming your own wasteland
| that for some reason you grow copious amounts of corn on.
| 
| The problem is still there and making an article suggesting that
| it's not for a (surprise twist...), "the problem is worst than
| you think" ending, is just turning a topic into a discussion that
| should be settled fact.
 
  | jl6 wrote:
  | Artificial modern chemicals increase yield, which reduces food
  | price. Yes, we should use less of those chemicals. Yes, that
  | will hit the poorest hardest.
  | 
  | Is this problem solvable? Maybe. But let's not pretend it's
  | simple.
 
  | Turing_Machine wrote:
  | > go back to tried and tested agricultural methods
  | 
  | https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/images/US...
  | 
  | "Tried and tested" agricultural methods produced about 20
  | bushels of corn per acre.
  | 
  | Current "artificial modern chemicals" methods produce about
  | 160. Eight times as much.
  | 
  | > your harming your own wasteland that for some reason you grow
  | copious amounts of corn on
  | 
  | The reason is that it feeds a substantial portion of the
  | planet.
 
    | haspok wrote:
    | Long live High Fructose Corn Syrup!
 
      | Turing_Machine wrote:
      | The same is true for wheat, rice, and virtually every other
      | staple crop.
      | 
      | Not to mention that going back to the "traditional" methods
      | would require that 90% of the population be dedicated to
      | performing manual agricultural labor, the bulk of which has
      | historically been performed by unfree people (i.e., slaves
      | and serfs).
 
      | stjohnswarts wrote:
      | It's no worse than sugar. Both are unnecessary for humans
      | and can be extracted as needed from fats and proteins by
      | the human body.
 
        | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
        | Agreed, but we didn't used to shove sugar in literally
        | everything. Corn syrup mixes well into solution, it's
        | pretty damn stable, cheap, easy to store and measure,
        | won't clump... and yea people used to like x product
        | fine, but really prefer it sweeter.
        | 
        | It's not that corn syrup is bad, it's too good which is
        | bad.
 
        | ephbit wrote:
        | According to Dr. Robert Lustig of University of
        | California fructose is indeed worse than sugar. [1]
        | 
        | It's been a good while since I've watched this video. As
        | far as I remember, he argues that fructose is to the
        | human body strikingly similar to alcohol. Since (unlike
        | glucose) fructose can neither be utilized by muscles nor
        | by the brain, it gets treated more or less like a toxic
        | substance in the liver. In the video Lustig claims that
        | fructose might even be harder on the liver than alcohol.
        | 
        | So I'd conclude: more fructose --> less healthy. Thus
        | High Fructose Corn Sirup HFCS = far from healthy.
        | 
        | [1] https://www.uctv.tv/shows/Fat-Chance-
        | Fructose-2-0-25641
 
| LightG wrote:
| Well, this year in the UK I've seen practically none when
| normally I'd see hundreds.
| 
| n=1
 
  | jspash wrote:
  | n++
  | 
  | (sorry if this comment doesn't abide by the HN rules. i just
  | thought it would be appreciated around here)
 
| peteradio wrote:
| > However, the numbers may sound more alarming than they really
| are because honey bees are efficiently bred and managed by
| humans.
| 
| Could that be part of the problem, they mention diversity loss in
| habitat, how about diversity of honeybee genetics. At the same
| time, HoneyBees are basically barnyard animals, we don't monitor
| the collapse of pig populations as they head to the
| slaughterhouse. I understand its not quite an apt analogy because
| that is the known causative agent and nobody is trying to
| slaughter their HoneyBees. All the same, they are not natural, I
| wonder if the public realizes that.
 
  | solardev wrote:
  | Honeybees are basically an invasive species that humans brought
  | to the Americas in order to pollinate old-world crops (and also
  | harvest honey). The thing is, we've replaced a lot of native
  | new-world ecosystems and foods with old-world crops that depend
  | on old-world bees.
  | 
  | There are a few separate problems that the media often mixes
  | up:
  | 
  | One is that our old-world crops aren't getting enough old-world
  | bees to meet their pollination needs.
  | 
  | Separately, new-world bees (what the article calls "wild bees")
  | are also being replaced by old-world bees, losing out in
  | competition, and not being cared for by professional
  | beekeepers. They're more vulnerable, less protected, and less
  | monitored.
  | 
  | To top it all off, many kinds of bees, old-world or new, are
  | also suffering from the cumulative (and unfortunately complex)
  | domino effects of habitat loss, pesticides, climate change,
  | etc.
  | 
  | I think what's happening in the media is that journalists,
  | knowingly or not, are using #2 and #3 to amplify the concern of
  | #1 even though they're not always aligned (e.g., old-world bees
  | are often one of the reasons contributing to the decline of
  | native new-world bees).
  | 
  | It's relatively harder to get the public to care about an
  | industrial economics problem (#1, where farmers have to resort
  | to expensive human manual pollination instead of cheap bees),
  | so trying to sell that as environmental crisis a la Silent
  | Spring gets more eyeballs.
 
    | peteradio wrote:
    | To which old-world crops do you refer?
 
      | solardev wrote:
      | (Not my knowledge, just repeating sources): almonds, some
      | apples, melons, alfafa, plums, avocado, blueberry, cherry,
      | pear, cucumber, sunflower, cranberry, kiwi, etc.
      | 
      | Source: PDF page 4: https://www.beyondpesticides.org/assets
      | /media/documents/poll...
      | 
      | Background, in order from "most readable" to "scholarly":
      | 
      | https://www.museumoftheearth.org/bees/agriculture
      | 
      | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crop_plants_pollinate
      | d...
      | 
      | https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.262413599
      | 
      | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8396518/
 
        | tacocataco wrote:
        | Corn beans and squash?
        | 
        | https://www.reneesgarden.com/blogs/gardening-
        | resources/celeb...
 
  | h2odragon wrote:
  | Remember "Killer Bees"? People killed a lot of wild honeybee
  | hives from _fear_ they 'd hybridize and introduce new genes
  | into the domestic population.
  | 
  | There's a few people who will talk about the lack of diversity
  | in domestic bee genetics. AFAIK they're not popular, everybody
  | wants to blame anyone but regulators.
 
| dontbenebby wrote:
| The bees are very much alive, the only decent beam* for parkour
| near me has a hive inside it now.
| 
| * the key is do it next to a bike lane, they're easier to look
| out for and rarely in the lane at all in cyberpunk appalachia
 
| jb1991 wrote:
| I thought this was going to be about the impending doom of the
| Mexican killer bees we were all warned about in the 80s but that
| never came. It was in the news for months about a cloud of killer
| bees.
 
  | artmageddon wrote:
  | I thought they were the Africanized ones? Those were the ones I
  | read about as a kid in my school library, and the way they
  | depicted their projected spread across the USA made it look
  | like a pestilence worthy of Revelation. I honestly thought I
  | wasn't going to live to become an adult because we'd all be
  | over taken by super aggressive bees.
 
  | TaylorAlexander wrote:
  | One problem with the news is that every issue of concern gets
  | blown way out of proportion in the news until it sounds like
  | some kind of existential disaster, and then when total disaster
  | does not come, people think the issue wasn't nonsense. But in
  | reality many of these things are a real problem, just not quite
  | at the scale the news has made it out to be. But what I see
  | time and time again is people dismissing issues of concern
  | because of how the media treated the issue, when what we should
  | really be doing is trying to read through the media's
  | sensationalism to the underlying facts. But I don't think
  | enough people have really internalized how much of the media is
  | sensationalism and lies. People know it when you ask them, but
  | then they go on and believe it all anyway.
 
| BurningFrog wrote:
| People will always click on apocalypse stories, so the market
| will keep supplying them.
 
  | systemvoltage wrote:
  | Succint and accurate.
  | 
  | Massive rebound of the coral growth? No one wants to report
  | that:
  | https://twitter.com/alexepstein/status/1440696877079433220
 
    | throwaway5752 wrote:
    | Alex Epstein? The one that is a self-professed Fossil Fuels
    | advocate and is starting a lobbying group with Thiel's
    | backing?
    | https://twitter.com/alexepstein/status/1516091577227255810
    | 
    | Anyway, I went to his source material he and it said
    | 
    |  _" The last couple of years have revealed that recovery is
    | underway across much of the GBR, a promising sign
    | illustrating that the GBR still has the capacity and
    | necessary ecological functions to recover from disturbances.
    | 
    | The Central and Southern GBR had periods of recovery within
    | the last decade which have been curtailed by disturbances,
    | arresting recovery, and causing further coral declines.
    | Sustained recovery of the GBR back to historical high coral
    | cover requires the next few years to be disturbance free to
    | allow corals to continue to grow and increase their
    | populations.
    | 
    | While there have been hard coral cover increases across all
    | three regions over recent years, the Northern and Southern
    | GBR are still below the highest recorded coral cover in the
    | 1980s, and preliminary analyses have documented shifts in the
    | dominant corals on some reefs.
    | 
    | 2021 has been a low disturbance year, while the period from
    | 2014 to 2020 was an intense period of widespread
    | disturbances. There were numerous severe tropical cyclones
    | and three mass coral bleaching events in five years. The
    | fourth wave of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks began
    | around 2010 between Lizard Island and Cairns, and by 2020 had
    | progressed south to reefs offshore from Townsville."_
 
      | systemvoltage wrote:
      | I read his book, Fossil Future, and found it quite
      | convincing. Also agree with Peter Thiel's political stance
      | which is horribly smeared and mischaracterized by media as
      | Fascist.
      | 
      | So if your rebuttal starts out with smearing of the
      | character instead of refuting the points, it just further's
      | the credibility of Alex Epstein.
      | 
      | Climate alarmicism leaves no option to engage in criticism.
      | There is no room left. It just shows how deranged it has
      | gotten. There are a lot of lunatics that deny climate
      | change, but Alex takes a data-based approach and advocates
      | that we improve human flourishing, and solve the problem of
      | CC.
      | 
      | Highly recommend his Google Talk to anyone that wants to
      | see how sloppy some of the Climate alarmicism has gotten:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6b7K1hjZk4
 
        | throwaway5752 wrote:
        | No, I am contextualizing what Epstein is saying. It is
        | from an industry advocate/lobbyist, not a scientist.
        | Epstein has a bias, and is being up front about it, and I
        | am repeating his own words. He may be right, and he may
        | be wrong, but his goal is to persuade not to find the
        | truth. I hope they overlap more often than not for all
        | our sakes.
        | 
        | I note that you didn't address the scientific portion of
        | my response - that while everyone is happy for the GBR
        | recovery, that there was an element of luck in it vs they
        | other years 2014-2020 and isn't a trend.
        | 
        | Look at your repeating the phrases "deranged",
        | "lunatics". How can I be expected to have a good faith
        | conversation with you when you are saying that I'm
        | mentally ill and illogical. I didn't do the same to you,
        | and I'm disappointed.
 
        | systemvoltage wrote:
        | > his goal is to persuade not to find the truth.
        | 
        | I found it to be exactly the opposite. The current CC
        | movement leaves no room for dissent. Just like the first
        | year of COVID where we left no room to listen to credible
        | scientists, CC movement is singularly focused often
        | ignoring inconvenient truths.
        | 
        | > Look at your repeating the phrases "deranged",
        | "lunatics"
        | 
        | I mean, I wasn't calling you mentally ill, but there are
        | people that with close approximation resemble precisely
        | someone that has no logical basis and has taken on a
        | religious pro or anti CC agenda. Watch Fox news sometimes
        | and you'll get what I mean. Alex is quite the opposite,
        | but your first instinct was to smear his character by
        | aligning it with Peter Thiel. Bad faith arguments start
        | with ad-hominem attacks on the person's motives instead
        | of the content of the argument. You kind of did the same
        | thing with me by criticizing my language instead of
        | engaging in arguments, just one step shy of a false moral
        | superiority card (you're insulting mentally ill people).
        | 
        | Most NYT reporters that invest in propelling Climate
        | catastrophe agenda are not scientists either.
 
  | agumonkey wrote:
  | If there's one bubble that should burst it's the media. There's
  | too much noise nowadays. And yeah it taps onto lazy human
  | reflexes.
 
  | throwaway5752 wrote:
  | You didn't read the article, did you? The author did not
  | diminish CCD. Let me spoil it for you, this is the summary
  | 
  |  _" It's really just a matter of time until there'll be too few
  | bees to pollinate some of the flowers or too few insects to
  | support some of the birds, or too few birds to spread seeds and
  | so on. And we may be able to fix a few of these problems with
  | technology, but not all of them. So, while it is important to
  | talk to your kids about the birds and the bees, it really is
  | important to talk to your kids about the birds and the bees.
  | 
  | We simply don't know what's going to happen in response to what
  | we do, and I'm afraid we're not paying attention which is why
  | I'm standing here recording this video. Because if we don't pay
  | attention, one day we'll be surprised to be remembered that in
  | the end we, too, are just part of the ecosystem."_
  | 
  | Our situation is still really bad and we don't even know the
  | extent of how bad it is. Everyone just reflexively has to
  | believe it's not really the end of the world as we've known it
  | for most of human history, and that we can't really be bringing
  | about an extinction cycle that will end a significant
  | percentage of species. We are, though, every scientist in the
  | field knows it. We are inducing a hot earth out of the
  | planetary cycle because of carbon dioxide at the same time
  | we're weakening ecosystem. It's going to end badly, and
  | instinctively we all know it.
 
| hammock wrote:
| The bee apocalypse is still here. The bees haven't come back.
| 
| Other fauna have declined as well, without us noticing.
| 
| I go to northern Maine a few times a year and I'm always looking
| for moose. I used to be able to find them. Now I only see them
| when I'm in the air (from a plane).
| 
| My friend showed me a study the state did tracking 60 newborn
| moose calves. Due to overwhelming winter tick population, 90%(!)
| did not survive the first year, and therefore could not
| reproduce. This problem has led to a massive decline of moose.
 
  | mulmen wrote:
  | Do you have a link to the study? I'm curious how that survival
  | rate compares to the past.
 
    | scruple wrote:
    | I found an article about it because I was also curious.
    | 
    | https://www.mainepublic.org/environment-and-
    | outdoors/2022-05...
 
| Jedd wrote:
| I thought that Varroa destructor (a mite that attacks bees) had
| been determined to be a big causal factor? Improving tools for
| beekeepers, mostly chemical treatments, have ameliorated the
| situation.
| 
| Here in Australia we're _V. destructor_ free. Well mostly. We 've
| had 3 incursions, two of which were controlled, and the third is
| happening now with some fierce responses (colony and equipment
| destruction within a wide radius).
| 
| It's understood that this pest would destroy remaining feral
| colonies of honeybees (probably a good thing), but also have a
| huge cost for beekeepers and other susceptible (native) species.
 
| tehchromic wrote:
| Humans are wiping out the planetary biome as predicted
 
  | tacocataco wrote:
  | Do you think industrialization led to atrophy of our ability to
  | adapt to our environments? (The reason we're apex predator)
  | 
  | Or maybe modern civilization requires more long term planning
  | then our brains are wired for?
 
| excalibur wrote:
| > Whatever happened to the Bee Apocalypse?
| 
| The same thing that happened to the regular apocalypse. It's
| still moving closer every day, it's just taking longer than
| anticipated and causing some to lose patience.
 
  | epgui wrote:
  | These things tend to happen slowly and then very, very quickly.
 
| vr46 wrote:
| It probably helps that millions of people are helping insect and
| bird populations by planting stacks of wildflowers, doing No Mow
| May, and being a bit nicer to local wildlife which all adds up.
 
  | hinkley wrote:
  | If you're trying to help bumble bees, they tend to like to
  | build their nests in the ground under/around rocks, or
  | occasionally in dense duff like straw bales/wattles.
  | 
  | Last year I had a plant to move a flat stone behind a masonry
  | retaining wall on my property to be a hat on a low stone wall
  | that extended off of the end of it, hoping to create some bee
  | habitat. The rock turned out to be too heavy to move, and as
  | soon as I started jostling it, bumble bees came out from under
  | it to see what the ruckus was. So apparently that rock was
  | working just fine where it was. Instead I bought some new
  | stone, but I haven't observed any bees so far this year.
  | 
  | Some people use old pots for this task, but I know people, and
  | an upturned pot is going to be inspected, potentially
  | destroying the hive. Kids in particular would be both more
  | prone to this, and more traumatized to learn what they'd done.
  | A big ol' rock is less of an attractive hazard.
 
    | peteradio wrote:
    | I unwittingly disturbed a solo bumblebee who made his winter
    | home in my compost pile. I wasn't quite sure what I came
    | across, I'd unearthed a wildly vibrating ball of fine fluff,
    | once I teased it apart out flew a big ol' bumblebee. I've got
    | dozens of bumblebees around my yard this part of the summer
    | as our comfrey goes to flower. I believe they winter among my
    | raspberries where its basically an undisturbed hugelkultur
    | mound. Besides bumblebees and carpenter bees I'm pretty much
    | unaware if I'm looking at a wild bee or some type of fly.
    | There are at least a dozen probably closer to two dozen
    | different bee/fly species on the raspberries alone this time
    | of year. I also see honeybees but they stick to the clover, I
    | will see more of them when sunflowers and stonecrop flower. I
    | feel very fortunate to see that kind of variety, we even get
    | monarch butterflies enough to cause the branches to move
    | under their collective weight, I wasn't aware that happened
    | outside of Mexico.
 
      | hinkley wrote:
      | Sometimes I just stand at arm's length and lean over an
      | stare for a bit. The bees in such cases are too busy to
      | bother with you (and indeed I've used this exercise as
      | exposure therapy for myself and two kids who were all
      | previously nervous around bees) and seeing three or four
      | species in a five minute span, you can start to tell them
      | apart in a way you won't get if you spread that duration
      | out over a month.
      | 
      | Lavender and rosemary are very good stages in this regard,
      | roses and the whole rose family (including blackberries,
      | apples, cherries) are also good. If you're on the west
      | coast the ceanothus bush is pollinator paradise.
 
  | bmitc wrote:
  | Just as a note, it is important that people plant native
  | wildflowers and not just any wildflowers.
 
| unity1001 wrote:
| Eu banned neonicotinoids on 1 September 2020. That's what
| happened. Which caused the US to pressure the Eu to dump
| Monsantanto on Bayer as a retaliation. Bayer bought Monsanto.
| Thats it.
 
| cainxinth wrote:
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations
| 
| > "Some of the insects most affected include bees, butterflies,
| moths, beetles, dragonflies and damselflies."
| 
| Great. It's gonna be nothing but roaches, mosquitos, and ants
| eventually.
 
  | hinkley wrote:
  | Don't forget house flies.
 
| akrod1 wrote:
| Honeybees are dying en masse from diseases. Yet they are being
| neglected by the animal health industry. We need safe and
| sustainable solutions to help protect the world's honeybees.
| Dalan Animal health is developing the worlds first honeybee
| vaccine. To learn more go to: https://www.dalan.com/
 
| BirAdam wrote:
| What happened is that the apocalypse did happen, is still
| happening, and will continue to happen until such time as people
| quit using tons of pesticides.
| 
| Worse is that warmer air usually means more oxygen is available
| which should make insect and arachnid populations explode, and
| should result in physically larger insects and arachnids. That we
| do not see this speaks to the health of these populations.
 
| zahma wrote:
| I appreciate that she draws the link between monoculture crops,
| land use, and the health of ecosystems upon which agriculture
| depends.
| 
| Organics are important not because GMOs are the enemy but rather
| because the land use change is inherently bad for all life in
| that area. GMOs don't have to lead to monoculture crops that span
| acres or rampant neonicotinoid insecticides, but they often do,
| and it's precisely at that point we can see drastic changes in a
| biome's stability and therefore the health of bees among many
| other pollinators. That's why we need to be talking about insect
| numbers at large and not only bees.
| 
| The study of biodiversity has an extremely difficult time
| modeling these kinds of changes, and that's probably why many
| scientists won't go to bat against this kind of land use change.
| A self-respecting scientist won't say that converting croplands
| to monocultures ready for insecticide use lead to biodiversity
| die-off because it's hard to actually track the fluctuations
| between species. It takes so much time to collect data to analyze
| before we even get an inkling of the interplay. We understand so
| little about the microscale interactions and how it fits into our
| larger understanding of agriculture and land development.
| 
| For those who think this is all overblown and alarmist, go sit on
| the grass -- if you can find a patch -- and stare at a spot until
| it comes alive. Things are moving around and teeming with a
| multitude of species of plants and insects. The reality you see
| escapes unnoticed until you stop to think about the ecological
| systems that underpin our fragile existence. Our health depends
| on a functional biosphere. If we cannot figure out how to share
| the earth with its other inhabitants, what the fuck are we doing
| going to Mars?
 
  | veddox wrote:
  | While I heartily agree with most of your comment, I must
  | strongly disagree with the third paragraph (this is exactly
  | what I'm doing my PhD on):
  | 
  | > many scientists won't go to bat against this kind of land use
  | change. A self-respecting scientist won't say that converting
  | croplands to monocultures ready for insecticide use lead to
  | biodiversity die-off because it's hard to actually track the
  | fluctuations between species
  | 
  | Although you are correct that the details are complicated and
  | different species respond in different ways, the overall
  | picture is abundantly clear. Intensive agriculture with large
  | monocultures, simplified landscapes, and heavy
  | fertiliser/pesticide input is wreaking havoc on biodiversity
  | around the world. The scientific literature has been very
  | explicit about this for over twenty years [e.g. 1-5], and lots
  | of scientists (including my colleagues and I) are actively
  | engaging with farmers, NGOs, and policy-makers to find workable
  | solutions to ameliorate the problem.
  | 
  | [1] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x [2]
  | https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253425 [3]
  | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.03.002 [4]
  | https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14606 [5]
  | https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg6995
 
| 40four wrote:
| Great article! One of the first I've ever seen that breaks down
| the complexities of the bee problem in a thoughtful, reasonable
| way. The slew of articles we've seen is the last 5-10 years about
| the 'Bee Apocalypse' were largely either highly misleading,
| poorly researched, or just plain biased by one agenda or another.
| It used to make me really angry. I'm sure I could dig up past
| rants I've made about it here on HN. Very nice to finally see a
| detailed objective explanation of the situation.
 
  | epgui wrote:
  | What's on the agenda, please?
 
  | bergenty wrote:
  | Is the agenda to save bees?
 
  | MrYellowP wrote:
  | > or just plain biased by one agenda or another.
  | 
  | When it reaches mainstream news, there's always an agenda.
 
    | synu wrote:
    | So just insinuations and "do your own research?" I'm
    | intrigued as to who the nefarious entity is with their
    | shadowy plan to protect pollinators that the media is
    | conspiring to hide.
 
    | [deleted]
 
| tcmart14 wrote:
| Still happening, it's just now maintaining bee colonies and
| taking them on the road to pollinate is now an industry.
 
  | mistrial9 wrote:
  | there is a single man who was/is credited with starting this
  | so-called industry -- it was on the cover of a New York Times
  | sunday supplement, long ago.. not everyone was thrilled by
  | this, as you can imagine. When big trucked-bee death event
  | happened contemporaneously with documented colony collapse, I
  | bet that he had his name scrubbed from more than one website.
 
| ck2 wrote:
| Horizontal well fracking was perfected/took-off in 2006
| 
| https://ballotpedia.org/File:EIA_fracked_wells_2015.png
| 
| Wells are burnt off for months, the more wells the more burnoff.
| 
| People get sick up to 60 miles away from the burnoff, I wonder
| how that affects wildlife.
 
  | erulabs wrote:
  | If fracking was related, we'd see a dramatically higher die-off
  | around the permian basin and more or less no die-off whatsoever
  | in the north-west and north-east. This isn't quite what we see:
  | https://fractracker.org and
  | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-map-highlights...
  | 
  | Now, as for fracking and air pollution, I am not an expert, but
  | I did have a very interesting set of discussions with a
  | fracking engineer who made a good argument that fracking shale
  | in particular has _dramatically decreased_ air pollution from
  | oil extraction. Here is an article about it
  | https://www.energyindepth.org/report-data-indicate-that-mass...
  | (should be noted that this website is run by the oil industry,
  | so take this line of argument with some salt).
 
    | jamal-kumar wrote:
    | Thanks for the information. What about water table pollution?
    | Those videos of people's tap water lighting on fire certainly
    | stuck with me [1]
    | 
    | [1] https://youtu.be/1zagvo75RJo
 
| Overtonwindow wrote:
| Tangentially related, I wonder if anyone has done a meta-analysis
| about media reported calamities, like Zika, the bee population
| dying off, etc., and doing a follow up. Then comparing it to what
| the media reported initially. Was this accurate, blown out of
| proportion, understated, or simply sensational reporting?
 
  | jamal-kumar wrote:
  | Endemic zika virus is horrible if you're in a region that has
  | it like me. As if we didn't have enough with dengue,
  | chikungunya, yellow fever and malaria... Any of these diseases
  | feel like getting run over by a bus to get and only two of
  | those have effective preventative vaccines (Yellow fever and
  | now thankfully malaria), but if I get dengue again I could
  | possibly die. The fact that herd immunity kicked in is
  | definitely why you haven't heard as much about it but trust us,
  | this isn't a fun thing to get used to and many, many lives are
  | affected daily by neglected tropical diseases. Maybe you will
  | notice when these diseases make it north of Florida.
 
  | at_a_remove wrote:
  | I am very fond of the Summer of the Shark.
 
  | kevinmchugh wrote:
  | It might be hard to tell whether a foretold disaster never
  | materializes because a) it was sensationalized or b) because
  | the attention spurred action (which is good!).
 
    | kergonath wrote:
    | Also sometimes things just don't happen for some unforeseen
    | or unknown reason. It does not mean that initial reporting
    | was sensationalised.
 
  | lkbm wrote:
  | SSC did a blog post about the various environmental panics of
  | the 1990s. Some were real, some weren't; some were solved, some
  | weren't[0].
  | 
  | [0] https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/01/01/what-happened-
  | to-90s-e...
 
    | ZeroGravitas wrote:
    | This article is notable in that it contained this sentence:
    | 
    | > Recycling remained inefficient and of dubious benefit, and
    | never really caught on.
    | 
    | Which made me realise, the first time I read it, that he
    | didn't know what he was talking about and was just repeating
    | what he heard in his weird echo chamber with unwarranted
    | confidence. If you're in that bubble that will apparently
    | seem like a totally normal thing to say, if you're not then
    | it will seem like utter insanity.
    | 
    | Even more so when you follow the link, and realise he's
    | linking to a New York Times op-ed, which doesn't even agree
    | with the claim (though it's trying pretty hard to give the
    | impression it is).
    | 
    | > THE environmental benefits of recycling come chiefly from
    | reducing the need to manufacture new products -- less mining,
    | drilling and logging. But that's not so appealing to the
    | workers in those industries and to the communities that have
    | accepted the environmental trade-offs that come with those
    | jobs.
    | 
    | Oh so recycling actually works, but we need fake jobs for
    | people who don't care about economic efficiency? I'm glad we
    | got some clear eyed realists in to explain this all to us.
 
      | Dylan16807 wrote:
      | > Oh so recycling actually works, but we need fake jobs for
      | people who don't care about economic efficiency? I'm glad
      | we got some clear eyed realists in to explain this all to
      | us.
      | 
      | That's not what the op-ed is saying. The existence of
      | benefits does not mean the benefits are bigger than the
      | costs. In context, that sentence is part of an argument
      | against the idea that landfills are filling up.
      | 
      | So how big are the benefits relative to the costs?
      | 
      | Well, it cites some data to say that recycling paper and
      | metal does a good job, and that everything else combined is
      | pretty useless. That doesn't strike me as wrong in any
      | obvious way.
      | 
      | Combine that with "That money could buy far more valuable
      | benefits, including more significant reductions in
      | greenhouse emissions." and "He concludes that the social
      | good would be optimized by subsidizing the recycling of
      | some metals, and by imposing a $15 tax on each ton of trash
      | that goes to the landfill." and this doesn't sound like an
      | argument for fake jobs or ignoring economic efficiency to
      | me.
 
        | ZeroGravitas wrote:
        | So the quote:
        | 
        | > Recycling remained inefficient and of dubious benefit,
        | and never really caught on.
        | 
        | Linking to an article that, in your words:
        | 
        | > cites some data to say that recycling paper and metal
        | does a good job
        | 
        | and
        | 
        | > the social good would be optimized by subsidizing the
        | recycling of some metals
        | 
        | But also says metal mining and logging communities are
        | against it because they 'have accepted the environmental
        | trade-offs'.
        | 
        | Again, from within a certain bubble that may not seem
        | contradictory and illogical, but it is.
        | 
        | Nor is cheaper ways of reducing CO2 a sensible argument.
        | Every method of reducing CO2, except for one, has cheaper
        | options. We should do all the ones that are a net
        | positive, and so save us money, not only the very best
        | one.
        | 
        | The whole article is weak sophistry of this kind. As I
        | said, it doesn't support the argument, just does its best
        | to pretend it does.
 
    | lisper wrote:
    | These historical successes are encouraging, but it is very
    | important not to extrapolate any of them to anthropogenic
    | climate change. The processes underlying every single one of
    | the examples in the SSC article operate on time scales of
    | years or decades. CO2 causes effects over centuries and
    | persists for millennia. It is a completely different beast.
 
      | whatshisface wrote:
      | The atmospheric chemistry one was Ozone which turned out to
      | be real, and was solved through regulation.
 
        | lisper wrote:
        | Yes, but you've missed the point: the problem with ozone
        | was depletion in the upper atmosphere by CFCs. But CFCs
        | do not persist for millennia and ozone is continually
        | produced by natural processes. So if you stop emitting
        | CFCs the problem naturally fixes itself in a short period
        | of time (a few decades).
        | 
        | But even if we reduced CO2 emissions to zero tomorrow
        | that would not solve the problem because we are _already_
        | at 150% of pre-industrial CO2, and CO2 persists for
        | thousands of years. We 've taken carbon that was
        | sequestered by natural processes over a period of
        | hundreds of millions of years and released it back into
        | the atmosphere in a period of a few hundred years. That
        | genie will not go quietly or quickly back into its
        | bottle.
 
  | eru wrote:
  | Doing this for back-issues of Zero Hedge would be particularly
  | entertaining.
 
    | foobiekr wrote:
    | ZH is a great example of the asymmetric warfare of fighting
    | bullshit. They report a mix of truth, distorted
    | interpretations and wholly made up nonsense simultaneously.
    | It costs them almost nothing to generate this trash, and
    | efforts to inspect it would be stymied by the level of effort
    | in tracking citations (if they exist, which is almost never)
    | or even just reporting on whether some predicted topic
    | occurred. Another problem is that many of the predictions are
    | premised on a non-reality that in and of itself makes
    | addressing the content difficult.
    | 
    | disclaimer: I love reading ZH and have for at least a decade
    | because it is entertaining in a gross way. They are basically
    | consistently wrong but like crypto people, everything is
    | positive signs that they are right.
 
| photochemsyn wrote:
| (1) Stop using neonicotinoid pesticides. There are plenty of
| alternatives for protecting food crops from insect infestations,
| such as neem oil applied as a foliar spray or a soil soak in
| response to infestations. Neonictoninoides are based on the
| tobacco nicotine molecule structure, but are typically
| chlorinated and modified to make them more persistent and toxic
| to insects relative to animals. There's a good argument for
| banning the entire class due to their persistent ecological
| effects on beneficial native insect populations.
| 
| https://organic-center.org/research/neonicotinoid-pesticides...
| 
| (2) Have undisturbed habitat set aside for wild bee populations.
| This can be something as simple as maintaining undisturbed
| hedgerows on the sides of agricultural fields, but in general
| means maintaining a fair amount of undisturbed native habitat.
| 
| https://www.planetbee.org/planet-bee-blog//native-bee-series...
 
  | chrisan wrote:
  | Is neem realistic for large scale farms?
  | 
  | We use it in our personal garden, but you need to continually
  | re-apply every 4-5 days with really good coverage for a period
  | of time for it to be effective. It has been hit or miss for us.
  | If neem doesn't work then its oh well, plant something else,
  | but we aren't selling a crop.
 
    | photochemsyn wrote:
    | It seems to have worked without many problems in France, they
    | had a ban in 2018:
    | 
    | https://cen.acs.org/environment/pesticides/France-bans-
    | uses-...
    | 
    | but there has been a recent exception made for the sugar beet
    | crop:
    | 
    | https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-sees-no-easy-
    | fix...
 
    | 0des wrote:
    | neem in my experience is most effective when applied to both
    | sides of the leaf as well, since most critters like clinging
    | under the leaf.
 
  | seltzered_ wrote:
  | There was the documentary 'nicotine bees' (2010) too:
  | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnAoOPiimfw
  | 
  | Colony collapse to some degree is also supposedly normal, see
  | 'beepocalypse nah' (sarah taber) https://soundcloud.com/farm-
  | to-taber-podcast/farm-to-taber-0...
 
  | 42e6e8c8-f7b8-4 wrote:
  | Demonization of neonics is misplaced. You can spray at night
  | when bees aren't active. You can spray when your plants aren't
  | in bloom and attracting bees. Oh well, the 2 minutes hate have
  | emerged against neonics and farmers pivot like they ways do.
 
    | DiggyJohnson wrote:
    | > Demonization
    | 
    | This is a dramatic overstatement. You're disagreeing about
    | _neonics_ , I'm sorry if that's hard not to take personally
    | but it seems like something than could be discussed without
    | the vitriol.
 
      | 42e6e8c8-f7b8-4 wrote:
      | I don't understand how you can parse my sentence and think
      | that the object being demonized is either me or farmers.
      | Yes, neonics are being demonized.
 
        | anigbrowl wrote:
        | They don't think that. They're saying that your use of
        | the term 'demonization' is over-dramatic and unhelpful.
 
    | jamal-kumar wrote:
    | If we're talking about trying to stem the destruction of wild
    | species here (The problem really isn't about domesticated
    | honeybees), then you should definitely consider the fact that
    | spraying at night won't help those wild bees which are
    | nocturnal [1], nor does your point of view on these address
    | the fact that these pesticides have a degree of environmental
    | persistence. [2] This isn't demonization, it's just straight
    | facts when there's plenty of alternatives out there which
    | aren't feeding the giant agri-industrial complex behemoth.
    | 
    | [1] https://www.buzzaboutbees.net/do-bees-fly-at-night.html
    | 
    | [2] https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b06388
 
      | 42e6e8c8-f7b8-4 wrote:
      | You're mistaken. _only_ big ag can pivot. The smaller your
      | are, the harder it is to keep up with all the regulation.
      | Notice also the phenomenon of regulatory capture.
 
        | jamal-kumar wrote:
        | If you want to stop getting downvoted try refuting my
        | central points directly, I'm not really sold
 
| kibwen wrote:
| This article buries its lede, which is about how honey bees get
| all the attention but are at less risk than wild bees:
| 
|  _> And that brings us to the actual problem. The honey bee (Apis
| mellifera) is only one of about 20 thousand different bee
| species. The non-honey bees are usually referred to as wild bees,
| and each location has its native species. According to an
| estimate from researchers at Cornell University in 2006, wild
| bees contribute to the pollination of 85 percent of crops in
| agriculture. "_
| 
|  _> [...]_
| 
|  _> But last year the magazine Cell published the results of a
| study with a global estimate for the situation of wild bees. The
| authors looked at the numbers of bee species that were collected
| or observed over time using data publicly available at the Global
| Biodiversity Information Facility. They found that even though
| the number of records has been increasing, the number of
| different species in the records has been sharply decreasing in
| the past decades._
| 
|  _> The decline rates differ between the continents, but the
| species numbers are dropping steeply everywhere except for
| Oceania. The researchers say there's a number of factors in play
| here, such as the expansion of monocultures, loss of native
| habitat, pesticides, climate change, and bee trade that also
| trades around pathogens._
| 
|  _> So the problems that wild bees face are similar to those of
| honey bees, but they have an additional problem which is...
| honeybees. Honey bees compete with wild bees for food and habitat
| and they also pass on viruses. Now, a big honey bee colony can
| deal with viruses by throwing out the infected bees. But this
| doesn't work for wild bees because they don't live in large
| colonies. And worse, when honey bees and wild bees fight for food
| they seem to both lose out._
 
  | henearkr wrote:
  | The whole point of being alarmed of the Bee Apocalypse is that
  | you look at the honey bees as an indicator, just like the
  | lichens on trees are an indicator of air pollution (few lichens
  | mean a bad air quality).
  | 
  | When honey bees are dwindling, pretty much all the insects are
  | too.
  | 
  | The Bee Apocalypse has not gone anywhere, it's just still here,
  | and it is in fact an Insect Apocalypse, which is many orders of
  | magnitude worse.
 
    | oblak wrote:
    | I don't know what's driving it but I've been observing sharp
    | changes in insect populations that visit our balcony which
    | has been completely taken over by some kind of huge black
    | wasp/hornet monsters.
    | 
    | These bastards seem to hunt baby grasshoppers all day long
    | and butcher all kinds of other wasps and bees, too. I used to
    | find piles of chopped bodies but until competition got the
    | message and show no more. I even found a stash of dead
    | spiders they've managed to build inside a cupboard.
    | 
    | I am starting to get worried.
    | 
    | I do observe other changes in different species but this one
    | is the wildest I've got. Haven't seen a big grasshopper in a
    | decade. My cat used to hunt them all night. What changed? I
    | don't know. Firebugs used to cover some trees in red 3
    | summers ago. Haven't seen one in months.
    | 
    | Edit: as to why I am replying to your post? I liked it so
    | much, I decided to share my extremely limited experience.
 
      | henearkr wrote:
      | The decline of insects has brought an unbalance that may
      | make some species over-represented as a consequence.
      | 
      | But what you are seeing can also be a case of climate
      | change moving the habitats of species around, and make them
      | live where they did not live before (because also prevent
      | them from living anymore where they had always been
      | living).
      | 
      | Edit: thanks for the compliment :D
      | 
      | Just for the record, I'm an insects lover (also more
      | generally a lover of Nature). And the situation is making
      | me very, very sad.
 
        | sshine wrote:
        | Also, and I'm not saying this to deny climate change:
        | variations between the coldness of a given winter and
        | when spring onsets will, in general, greatly affect
        | insect populations. Climate affects both how many survive
        | the winter and how they migrate. Add oscillating patterns
        | to that as predatory animals react delayed to that.
        | 
        | Some years you will see huge winged ants, other years
        | will be heavy with mosquitoes, other years will have
        | giant hornets.
 
      | jamal-kumar wrote:
      | That sounds really alarming to have to be around (no pun
      | intended). What part of the world is this in, I was hearing
      | something about the pacific northwest experiencing invasive
      | Japanese giant 'killer' hornets at some point in the past
      | couple of years, I thought the course of action in that
      | case was calling the wildlife authorities to try and stem
      | the spread?
 
        | oblak wrote:
        | Densely populated city in Bulgaria. I tried searching for
        | the thing but aside from "$some_kind_of_asian_wasp taking
        | over easter Europe", I've got nothing. I don't think it
        | was the same species.
 
        | riffraff wrote:
        | Not the Japanese one, but there is an invasive Asian
        | hornet in Europe since 15 years ago or so
        | 
        | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_hornet
 
        | henearkr wrote:
        | I have seen an other wasp (I'm in Japan) than the 'giant
        | killer hornets' killing (decapitating) what looked like
        | either another wasp/bee either a bee-looking fly.
        | 
        | It was quite a small-scale wasp, a black one with narrow
        | white stripes, but its technique was very good. It just
        | dropped next to where I was sitting holding its prey
        | which was trying to escape.
 
    | WhitneyLand wrote:
    | _> honey bees are dwindling_
    | 
    | It seems they are not dwindling.
    | 
    | That was one of the clarifications of the piece. The bigger
    | concern is the number of species rather than the number of
    | honeybees.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | jamal-kumar wrote:
  | I think the colloquial term for (edit; the most commonly well-
  | known) many wild bees in English is "bumblebees". They're often
  | burrowing species that don't have honey producing hives (They
  | do stuff like make little caves in moss, dirt, and underbrush),
  | and are often crucial pollinators of certain species of plants
  | which are specifically attractive to certain wild bees (Orchids
  | are a good example here) but which domesticated honeybees might
  | not even touch.
  | 
  | I was once dreaming how cool it would be to get into beekeeping
  | but after realizing it might be at a greater detriment to wild
  | species in my area those dreams have become somewhat faded.
 
    | cmrdporcupine wrote:
    | Same here on our tiny farm. I don't need any more hobbies,
    | but I often entertain keeping bees. But I also have a bias
    | towards native plants and native insects. So I cultivate lots
    | of flowering plants, and leave areas wild, but have never
    | done anything with honeybees.
    | 
    | I kinda wish there was a native Northeastern American bee
    | that had some of the utility of honeybees for sugar and/or
    | wax production.
    | 
    | TIL that bumblebees actually have a history of domestication
    | but that international movement of bees led to serious health
    | issues and transmission of pests that decimated both wild and
    | domestic populations:
    | https://www.sare.org/publications/managing-alternative-
    | polli...
 
      | LurkerAtTheGate wrote:
      | Consider caring for some other solitary bees. Personally, I
      | like leafcutter and mason bees, which mostly just means
      | providing homes (hollow tubes), construction materials
      | (leaves & mud respectively), and flowering plants. In late
      | winter, you harvest the cocoons to remove parasite-ridden
      | or diseased (fungal, usually). They are aggressive
      | pollinators and if you grow fruit & vegetables you will see
      | increased yield that makes up for the lack of wax & honey.
 
    | hinkley wrote:
    | Other bees include mason bees, leafcutter bees, carpenter
    | bees. Other pollinators include green flies, hoverflies, and
    | some beetles and wasps.
 
    | m-i-l wrote:
    | Random trivia I learned from a visit to a fruit farm a few
    | weeks back: Fruit farmers much prefer bumble bees to honey
    | bees because they're much better fruit tree pollinators -
    | bumble bees start much earlier in the day than honey bees
    | (e.g. 07.30 vs 12.30), will work at much lower temperatures,
    | and will pollinate 6 flowers in the time a honey bee takes to
    | do 1 (because the honey bees tend to stick around longer on a
    | flower to get more nectar out).
 
      | mark_h wrote:
      | They're loved by crop farmers where I live too (I also
      | learnt recently), but they're illegal to cultivate because
      | they're an introduced species.
      | 
      | (Now that I write that, I assume honeybees are too, but
      | perhaps the honey industry is well entrenched)
 
    | mandelbrotwurst wrote:
    | Hi, why would beekeeping harm wild species please?
 
      | henearkr wrote:
      | This is a problem very specific to North America.
      | 
      | In Europe, the honey bee has always been there, and is no
      | threat to anything else.
 
      | jessaustin wrote:
      | Domesticated bees might eat the same food that wild species
      | eat.
 
      | jamal-kumar wrote:
      | They spread diseases like mites to the wild bee species
      | chiefly, as well as out-competing them for food.
      | 
      | Details are in the parent comment and in the article but if
      | watching a video is more captive of your attention here's a
      | report on Deutsche Welle which I found pretty good and more
      | to the point. [1]
      | 
      | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSYgDssQUtA
 
      | Hemospectrum wrote:
      | GGP contains a quote from the article explaining why. To
      | summarize, honeybees compete with wild bees for food, and
      | can spread illnesses that they can't defend against.
 
      | michael1999 wrote:
      | For the same reasons that domesticating any animal leads to
      | the extinction of the wild variant                 -
      | habitat displacement         - competition for food
      | - disease
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | synu wrote:
        | Aren't there still some wild dogs, cats, horses, sheep,
        | goats, and everything else humans have domesticated? Or
        | are you being very specific about what went extinct, or
        | maybe predicting future extinctions (in which case I'm
        | curious more about what you mean?)
        | 
        | Edit: sorry if the question came off as rude and that's
        | why it was downvoted, I was sincerely curious what you
        | meant.
 
        | User23 wrote:
        | The aurochs[1] has sadly been hunted to extinction. The
        | last one was killed in Poland during the 17th century.
        | 
        | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurochs
 
        | Maursault wrote:
        | If there weren't hunters around to hunt them to
        | extinction, they would have depleted natural resources
        | and starved and been a lethal danger to people on future
        | roads and highways. Hunters are entitled to our eternal
        | gratitude for providing these services.
 
        | tcmb wrote:
        | I don't know, maybe one day we will see that we are part
        | of a balanced ecosystem, and that this balance is
        | ultimately more important than having good roads.
 
        | jfk13 wrote:
        | > balance is ultimately more important than having good
        | roads
        | 
        | ...or ever-increasing numbers of humans living an ever-
        | more-consumerist life.
 
        | JoBrad wrote:
        | I did some light searching, and it would seem that your
        | examples don't support your viewpoint. I didn't look into
        | all of them, but there is only 1 truly wild horse
        | species, which was actually extinct in the wild at one
        | point. The rest are feral horses. Canis familiaris is the
        | descendent of an extinct species. Many (most?) wolves and
        | other wild dog species that do not live well among humans
        | are either currently or were until recently endangered.
 
        | synu wrote:
        | Thanks for the explanation, I was definitely including
        | animals like bighorn sheep, bobcats, mountain goats,
        | wolves, and so on which wouldn't really qualify.
 
    | throwaway1777 wrote:
    | Not really true, bumble bees are the furry fat ones, but
    | there are lots of other types of wild bees.
 
      | nend wrote:
      | Worth noting that carpenter bees are also furry fat bees,
      | and often confused for bumble bees.
      | 
      | Carpenter bees tend to be a bit shinier, and at least
      | around me, bigger. Which is how I can tell them apart.
 
      | jamal-kumar wrote:
      | Yeah you're correct, I'm just making clear the example of
      | wild bees that most people know. There's a ton of really
      | interesting species that don't even really look like bees
      | (Different coloration like iridescent and black) for sure.
 
        | iratewizard wrote:
        | It's a very useful example. I didn't know that bumblebees
        | were separate from honeybees or that they didn't produce
        | honey
 
    | BbzzbB wrote:
    | Bumblebees are a genus[1] (_Bombus_) of (wild) bees. There
    | are many more genera of bees (taxonomic superfamily
    | _Apoidea_) out there. They are, however, adorable chubby
    | fluffs.
    | 
    | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank
 
      | multjoy wrote:
      | I believe they prefer to be referred to as fluffy chonks.
 
        | Teknoman117 wrote:
        | I always called them flying cotton balls. They're also
        | not aggressive, so working around them isn't likely to
        | get you a sting, as opposed to those damn yellow jackets.
        | I get all species are important but I hate those things.
 
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