[HN Gopher] What is our hidden consumption of microplastics doin...
___________________________________________________________________
 
What is our hidden consumption of microplastics doing to our
health?
 
Author : dnetesn
Score  : 269 points
Date   : 2022-05-19 10:08 UTC (12 hours ago)
 
web link (nautil.us)
w3m dump (nautil.us)
 
| zerop wrote:
| If we all are against usage of plastic, what stops us from
| eliminating it completely around us.
 
  | PKop wrote:
  | Modern economy depends on it. Too much economic pressure
  | pushing against removing it.
 
  | Sebb767 wrote:
  | Probably most people don't have a strong opinion on eliminating
  | plastic and even in that subgroup, few would be willing to pay
  | the price (both in utility and literal price) to avoid plastic.
  | In fact, if you're willing to go to a shop offering unpackaged
  | goods, you can already eliminate a lot of plastic in your life.
 
  | JohnWhigham wrote:
  | I'm not against all usages of it. I think where one needs a
  | supremely robust material (like in the military) it's very
  | useful.
  | 
  | However I think it should be banned from any and all contact
  | with foodstuffs.
 
  | karaterobot wrote:
  | We aren't. We're against some of the predicted negative
  | consequences of plastic waste, but we like plastic. It's cheap,
  | and incredibly useful.
  | 
  | Plastic goods enable the world we live in. For example, it
  | would be interesting to see a mouse, and keyboard, and monitor
  | housing made out of bronze, or wood, or cast iron, but I bet
  | they would be worse in pretty much every other way -- heavier,
  | harder to shape, and very expensive not only because of the
  | cost of materials, but because they'd take so much more work to
  | make.
  | 
  | When I look around at all the plastic stuff around me, I think
  | that _some_ of it is unnecessary, but much of it isn 't. Some
  | of the necessary stuff could be made out of other materials,
  | but much of it couldn't. At least not very well, and not at a
  | price many people could afford.
  | 
  | Better for us if we can figure out a way to effectively recycle
  | plastic, and capture microplastic in the wild.
 
    | TheRealNGenius wrote:
    | I just want to clarify that the "we" in parent post does not
    | include me personally, and I was not consulted on this matter
    | prior by parent commenter. Thank you all for coming to my ted
    | talk.
 
  | pixl97 wrote:
  | #1 on the list would be the coca cola corporation. They fight
  | anything that would reduce plastic waste viciously.
  | 
  | #2 on the list is everybody else. Once you start looking at
  | what is made out of plastics you'll realise the modern world is
  | completely dependant on it. The use of plastics on food and
  | medical devices dramatically reduces bacterial contaminantes
  | saving millions of people a year from sickness. It's used on
  | structural components of all kinds of device to reduce weight,
  | thereby decreasing energy usage. It is a very difficult problem
  | to solve.
 
  | mdavis6890 wrote:
  | Nothing really, except our preferences. We could ban all
  | plastics tomorrow in the US, if we wanted to. But I don't think
  | we'd be happy with the quality of life trade-offs.
 
  | ehnto wrote:
  | As someone else said, we aren't. I am, but "we" aren't. But I'm
  | also complacent as many if not most people are, even though I
  | think I "do my part", I don't really do much. I can see
  | probably a hundred bits of plastic in this very study room.
 
| Joyfield wrote:
| The numerous spiders you swallow in your sleep will take care of
| that.
 
  | mnd999 wrote:
  | Then you have to swallow a bird to catch the spider and I've
  | heard it doesn't end well.
 
    | Arrath wrote:
    | You're supposed to let the spiders swallow flies, and the
    | bird swallow spiders, then you swallow the bird. Not swallow
    | them all in a row!
 
      | dhosek wrote:
      | But then you need to swallow a cat to eat the bird...
 
  | toto444 wrote:
  | Apparently it's a myth https://www.sleep.org/sleep-
  | questions/debunking-sleep-myths-...
 
    | andai wrote:
    | This article was sponsored by Big Spider.
 
      | alanek2007xD wrote:
      | Is it me or are the comments haha funny here, like reddit
      | 2.0.
 
        | jrootabega wrote:
        | This is the Purge. It's how the rest of the threads are
        | able to be kept so serious.
 
        | user_7832 wrote:
        | The comments here _are_ a bit funny. Much unlike most of
        | reddit comments, which are the same jokes overdone till
        | death.
 
      | dym_sh wrote:
      | ..to take care of all the small spiders who wish to become
      | big one day. no! there will be only one! BIG SPIDER
 
    | Jamie9912 wrote:
    | that was the joke
 
      | wccrawford wrote:
      | Unfortunately, not everyone knows it's a myth. Many people
      | still believe it.
 
  | bschne wrote:
  | Plastic Bertrand, who eats 500 credit cards daily, is an
  | outlier and should not have been counted
 
    | jcfrei wrote:
    | When asked why he does it Bertrand replied: Ca plane pour
    | moi.
 
| danShumway wrote:
| In a slightly different direction than consumption, if you're
| worried about inhaling plastic particles:
| 
| I haven't personally gotten the equipment to do actual
| measurements yet, but I keep pet rats and they have pretty
| fragile respiratory systems, and anecdotally when I put together
| a Corsi Rosenthal Box[0] and stuck it next to their cage their
| allergies/sneezing pretty much entirely vanished.
| 
| I still need to get air quality measuring equipment and more
| objectively confirm that it's working, but the research I have
| read suggests that spending ~$100 to put together a DYI box with
| good MERV13 filters or higher will solidly outperform the
| majority of commercial consumer-grade air purifiers out there.
| And subjectively, I do notice a difference in air quality,
| although that could be a placebo effect.
| 
| Regular vacuuming will also help a lot with dust and micro-
| particles, but that's a lot more work than just plugging in a box
| fan.
| 
| [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box
 
  | bryceacc wrote:
  | it's true that cube might outperform many commercial grade
  | purifiers but unfortunately it's only because fires/pandemic
  | have skyrocketed prices on purifiers and made a bunch of scammy
  | looking ones. As you see with that box, having a filter medium
  | and a fan is all you need. No plasma/uvc or charcoal filters
  | necessary. I only have a couple purifiers that are $100 each
  | and have a good centrifugal fan and a filter in front of it
  | that can be replaced for $30. A box fan as pictured doesn't
  | have as much static pressure to pull through the filter well,
  | but because you have four filters worth of surface area its
  | fine. All you could upgrade with a commercial solution is
  | having a smaller physical footprint.
 
  | sydthrowaway wrote:
  | Alternatively, whats a highly rated budget air purifier that
  | handles VOCs too ?
 
    | danShumway wrote:
    | I haven't done a ton of research into VOCs, but my
    | understanding is that most purifiers targeting them use
    | activated charcoal filters?
    | 
    | Those filters are pretty cheap, you can tape them to a Corsi-
    | Rosenthal Box without adding much cost at all. If there's
    | something more complicated going on then maybe that wouldn't
    | be effective, but in general air filtration is just a
    | combination of how much air your filter is moving and what
    | the surface area of the filter is. In theory (I haven't
    | confirmed) tying your own activated filters to a box fan will
    | probably be pretty effective.
    | 
    | A big reason why the Corsi-Rosenthal Box works so well is
    | because there's not a lot of innovation or complexity in how
    | good purifiers work. You just want a lot of air to go through
    | a good filter with a sizeable surface area, so it's hard to
    | compete with a 20 inch fan tied to 4 good filters. But again,
    | take that with a grain of salt, maybe VOC purifiers are doing
    | something more complicated that I'm not aware of.
 
      | flaviut wrote:
      | The cheap activated charcoal filters are bullshit.
      | 
      | You can't absorb things without absorbant mass. The black
      | plastic sponge has hardly any mass at all, period.
      | 
      | I however do not have a good solution. I've DIY'd my own
      | filter with charcoal pellets, but I've been unable to test
      | it, and I'm somewhat unhappy with the design anyway.
 
        | bryceacc wrote:
        | correct, i remember discussion a long time ago that
        | people would buy HVAC booster fans that look like inline
        | duct fans and then put a giant bucket of pellets on the
        | top of it to suck through
 
      | sydthrowaway wrote:
      | My gist was buying off the shelf equipment for people who
      | don't have time to build something.
 
        | danShumway wrote:
        | Sure, I think that's totally reasonable.
        | 
        | I will make one last pitch though that if you don't want
        | to spend the hour putting together a full box or
        | researching it, the most primitive filter you can build
        | that will (as far as I can tell, again take my opinions
        | on VOCs with a grain of salt) be decently competitive
        | with commercial filters and will require less time to
        | find the parts for and put together than you'll spend
        | researching commercial purifiers is:
        | 
        | - 1 20 inch box fan (any brand) from any store
        | 
        | - A 20x20 MERV13 filter or equivalent (FPR 10 if you're
        | buying from Home Depot), these will all be located right
        | next to the commercial filters/purifiers in any store
        | that sells them.
        | 
        | - An activated charcoal filter (optional if you care
        | about odor or VOCs, aprox 20x20 but it's likely okay if
        | you go a bit smaller). Will likely also be next to the
        | purifiers/filters in any store.
        | 
        | - Duck tape or string in a pinch if you don't have tape.
        | 
        | Tape them all together (make sure that arrows on the side
        | of the filter point in the same direction as the fan is
        | blowing) and run the fan at speed 2 or 3; don't worry
        | about building a fan shroud or perfectly aligning things.
        | 
        | ----
        | 
        | That comes at the cost of:
        | 
        | - Extra noise
        | 
        | - General ugliness
        | 
        | But it will still perform pretty decently well and takes
        | less time to set up than it will take to read the
        | instruction manual for a commercial purifier. The noise
        | from running the fan at full speed is a downside though,
        | so I'm not knocking anyone who wants to go commercial for
        | an out-of-the-box solution -- just saying that if what's
        | putting you off is the time/building requirements, you
        | can do a hacky version of this in 3-5 minutes that will
        | get the job done for an average small apartment, and
        | there's basically no way to mess it up as long as you
        | don't tape the filter on backwards.
        | 
        | Again though, nothing against people who want to just
        | order something, that's a totally reasonable ask. I just
        | don't want people to get scared away thinking this has to
        | be a full-fledged project, it's DIY but it doesn't have
        | to involve any measurements or tools or any particular
        | effort beyond slapping some duck tape around a single
        | fan.
 
  | x3iv130f wrote:
  | Consumer grade filters have nicer fans that let them push move
  | more air with less noise. I have multiple in my house and it's
  | amazing how quiet they are.
 
  | [deleted]
 
| tommek4077 wrote:
| How much glass do I consume? Or is glass, dust, whatever - any
| different from plastics?
 
  | Cthulhu_ wrote:
  | Plenty, same with pollen; the difference is that glass / silica
  | is pretty inert, whereas microplastics release chemicals that
  | according to some research mimic that of hormones. It's one
  | theory behind humans' fertility declining - not just that they
  | have less children, but they produce less sperm and the like.
 
  | MauranKilom wrote:
  | Well, SiO2 is pretty different from plastic, chemically
  | speaking. And I would expect that we inhale several grams of
  | fine sand dust per week too.
  | 
  | In other words, the amount of "glass" entering your body
  | because you drank a beer is probably irrelevant compared to
  | e.g. Sahara dust (if you're in Europe) in the air around you.
 
    | Robotbeat wrote:
    | I suspect that inhaling silicate is probably pretty terrible
    | for you. Much worse than eating plastic.
 
    | GekkePrutser wrote:
    | Yes and silicate is an environmental component that's well
    | understood and our bodies have adapted to it because sand has
    | been a thing forever. And glass is chemically inert.
 
      | sivizius wrote:
      | Asbestos is a silicate...
 
        | GekkePrutser wrote:
        | I meant naturally occuring ones like sand. Even glass is
        | kind of related. Didn't want to elaborate too much. But
        | indeed it is.
 
        | ectopod wrote:
        | And, in quantity, even the "harmless" silicates aren't.
        | 
        | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicosis
 
      | BenoitEssiambre wrote:
      | Dust or soil has thousands of components, metals, bacteria,
      | fungi, molds, organic matter, feces etc. It can give you
      | farmer's lung and other illnesses. Plastic is comparatively
      | inert. Weird that there is not environmental movement to
      | reduce soil from the environment.
 
        | ciphol wrote:
        | We evolved to survive breathing in soil.
 
      | refurb wrote:
      | Silicon dioxide (sand) causes silicosis if inhaled. I
      | wouldn't be so quick to dismiss the risk.
 
        | mrguyorama wrote:
        | Isn't the damage caused physically, not chemically? I
        | think that's the main point
 
| [deleted]
 
| NoblePublius wrote:
| Neither this story nor the source for the credit card claim cite
| the formula for calculating this claim.
 
| twofornone wrote:
| >bisphenol A mimics the hormone estrogen and can lead to damage
| in sperm development.19 Further research has shown that
| microplastics, and not just those with bisphenol A, can cause
| damage to the testes and lead to the production of deformed sperm
| cells that have a harder time reaching eggs.
| 
| I'd more interested in hearing what microdosing xenestrogens on a
| large scale does to our collective psychology. I think this is an
| extremely important but understudied effect. Much like birth
| control, which is known to influence decision making and
| behavior, and probably affects collective behaviors like vote
| outcomes and such.
| 
| I have a haunch that a number of modern western ills are
| influenced by or rooted in the psychological influence of BC
| hormones. We know [0] that fertile women have different
| preferences in men, different risk tolerance, and different
| social behavior (increased mate seeking)...imagine what dosing
| tens of millions of women does to a country's politics? Now
| imagine dosing the entire population with chemicals that mimic
| estrogen...
| 
| 0. https://magazine.tcu.edu/fall-2020/hormonal-birth-control-
| br...
 
  | stuckinhell wrote:
  | It could explain the rise of trans women too. It's honestly
  | quite frightening to think we are unknowingly modifying
  | ourselves at such a scale.
 
    | unix_fan wrote:
    | I have to question that claim. Poor countries eat plastic
    | two, yet we don't see the same cultural phenomenon's here.
 
      | twofornone wrote:
      | The magnitude and duration of exposure is probably lower,
      | since plastic is a western and relatively recent invention.
      | 
      | Moreover, it is precisely because transgenderism is
      | primarily a cultural (rather than biological) phenomenon,
      | that rates between two otherwise identical populations are
      | going to differ based on the culture's attitude toward
      | transgenderism and the likelihood that a doctor is to
      | diagnose someone with gender dysphoria.
      | 
      | That latter point is severely understudied because
      | transgenderism is one of the wests many recent sacred cows
      | which are beyond criticism. But overdiagnosis should be a
      | much greater concern than it is. Especially since puberty
      | blockers and hormones given to adolescent boys will
      | undoubtedly exacerbate any feelings of dysphoria and I am
      | astounded that no one is talking about the reinforcing
      | effects of these "treatments".
      | 
      | But I digress. Point being comparing rates of
      | transgenderism between first and third worlds is like
      | comparing apples to oranges because transgenderism is a
      | cultural phenomenon.
 
    | itsafetish wrote:
    | Maybe, though I think it's better explained by the widespread
    | availability of pornography, and the power of the internet in
    | reinforcing cult-like behaviour.
    | 
    | There's a huge amount of "forced feminization" pornography
    | out there now, accessible by children at a very young age. As
    | well as "lesbian" pornography designed for the male gaze.
    | It's no wonder some males end up feeling they should be like
    | the characters in the pornography they consume.
    | 
    | It's controversial to say this these days, but old school
    | transwomen such as Anne Lawrence were very open about the
    | sexually-charged nature of their dysphoria. (And she
    | published extensively on this topic.)
    | 
    | On top of that, there are many trans-encouraging echo
    | chambers in the form of online forums, subreddits, and
    | Twitter - ready to help anyone even vaguely curious to "crack
    | their egg", as they say.
    | 
    | Maybe environmental estrogens play some part in this rise,
    | but I suspect it would only be a small piece of the larger
    | puzzle.
 
  | JohnWhigham wrote:
  | Read Dr. Shanna Swan's new book, it's all about this. Very
  | scary shit
 
  | alexsundance wrote:
  | Obviously prevention is better than treatment, but my
  | suggestion for men would be to get tested to check their
  | hormone levels and do Enclomiphene to address their deficiency
  | https://www.maximustribe.com/science
 
| pcthrowaway wrote:
| In another 30 years perhaps we'll find out that the damage on the
| population wearing masks for years was actually worse than COVID.
| 
| I don't actually think this, and support wearing masks when
| required, or around vulnerable people. But it's a bizarre
| thought.
 
  | swayvil wrote:
  | Be a good person, support the current thing.
 
  | mr-wendel wrote:
  | My concern is with all the infants. Being able to gawk out and
  | stare at all the many faces you see, and how they respond to
  | you has got to be foundational to your discovery of the world.
  | If had to place a bet on a major "net negative" I'm going all
  | in on this.
  | 
  | I have one friend who absolutely swears that "covid babies" are
  | a thing, and that you can spot them from across the room. I
  | haven't yet figured out what that means, but I tend to believe
  | her.
  | 
  | So not sure I can really quality/quantify it, but just like
  | this article, maybe someone will try and an article with a
  | catchy title will be written about it.
 
    | snowwrestler wrote:
    | Infants basically ignore strangers or have mild interest in
    | them.
    | 
    | Infant eyesight is not good for distance; their perception is
    | also in its infancy (their eyes detect photons but their
    | brains are still learning to interpret the signals); their
    | attention is correlated more strongly to sound than vision
    | because sound is what they get in the womb.
    | 
    | I mention strangers because the immediate caregivers of
    | infants were generally not wearing masks around them most of
    | the time even during the depths of the pandemic.
    | 
    | Your friend is most likely engaged in motivated reasoning via
    | confirmation bias; they are seeing what they expect and want
    | to see. Infants in general often look spaced out or alarmed.
    | Their facial expressions should not be taken to infer
    | internal emotional state comparable to what an adult feels.
    | Infant brains don't yet work like adult brains.
    | 
    | In addition, it's not like COVID-19 is the first time human
    | babies have been exposed to masks. Mask-wearing in public has
    | been normal in some Asian cultures for decades, and of course
    | some Muslim women cover their faces at all times outside the
    | home.
 
      | mr-wendel wrote:
      | Cheers, thanks for the extra points to consider. It's not
      | an idea I'm committed to -- just concerned about it, so
      | that helps!
 
    | escalt wrote:
    | Every baby right now is a "covid baby", so of course they're
    | easy to spot
 
    | px43 wrote:
    | I've got a covid baby, born June 2020. We're lucky enough
    | that she was able to start school at 3 months old, and since
    | then basically every adult she's interacted with (excluding
    | us parents, but including grandparents) has been masked.
    | These days her and her classmates are starting to wear their
    | masks more often, but it's not fully required until she's 2.
    | She seems well adjusted, social, super playful, and loves
    | exploring the world as much as any kid I've ever known.
    | 
    | I also grew up in the era where you were never ever supposed
    | to use your real name or upload pictures of your face to the
    | internet, and have absolute disdain for this weird webcam
    | culture where people insist on seeing each-other's faces
    | while interacting with them.I think the rise in racism and
    | other forms of hatred on the internet ties directly to the
    | increase in people making photographs of themselves central
    | to their identity. I'm actually kind of hoping her generation
    | grows up with less emphasis on appearance. Maybe we have a
    | couple years here with a few less narcissists. Only good
    | things can come out of such developments IMO.
 
      | verisimi wrote:
      | > We're lucky enough that she was able to start school at 3
      | months old
      | 
      | Lucky for who?
 
    | the_sleaze9 wrote:
    | As a parent in the thick of babies exactly at this age and
    | surrounded by other parents in the same situation, I cannot
    | tell the difference between a "covid" baby and any other.
    | 
    | What I can tell you is how much time and effort the parents
    | are putting into the baby, and whether is home-schooled or
    | goes to school/daycare.
    | 
    | First child? They're probably walking early. Third kid?
    | They'll be pushing a year and a half old with barely 5 words
    | in their repertoire and I'll consider them lucky if they can
    | hold themselves upright using a chair for support.
    | 
    | The parents with 3 young kids just don't have the bandwidth
    | to provide the kind of attention that the baby needs.
    | 
    | I essentially think about it this way - consider how much
    | information AlphaGo has to learn with. Now consider how much
    | information your brain processes with only your vision. You
    | think there's gonna be a statistically relevant causation
    | because there's a piece of fabric on the adult's face?
    | 
    | I can't say for certain, but from my daily sampling it's much
    | less than you intuitively would think. Kids are resilient and
    | motivated to learn.
 
      | mr-wendel wrote:
      | Also good points to consider. The parental investment
      | factor probably is a much more dominant factor in the
      | equation too. Curiosity and resilience too.
      | 
      | And thanks for a charitable understanding of the "covid
      | baby" idea: obviously "all babies right now are covid
      | babies" so this is a comparison of "pre-covid" vs "now"
      | (and that early on, that line was much blurrier).
 
    | danShumway wrote:
    | > I have one friend who absolutely swears that "covid babies"
    | are a thing, and that you can spot them from across the room.
    | 
    | I don't dismiss this out of hand, it is at least somewhat
    | plausible to me that less facial exposure might impact infant
    | development. However, I can also probably spot a covid baby
    | at least somewhat reliably across the room, because I'd just
    | look for any baby that's seems like they're less than 2-3
    | years old, so I'm not certain that being able to do so
    | reveals very much.
 
      | the_sleaze9 wrote:
      | Totally agreed.
      | 
      | I can also spot a Trump baby across the room, which is
      | obviously totally different than a Biden baby. I'll take
      | the liberty of not revealing my meaning either, of course.
 
  | mkr-hn wrote:
  | It seems like one of the countries where masking while sick and
  | during flu/cold season is common would have some studies on
  | this.
 
    | BoxOfRain wrote:
    | It didn't seem to make a difference at all when Scotland and
    | Wales had mask mandates but England didn't, although I've not
    | seen a rigorous analysis of why this was.
 
    | swayvil wrote:
    | Given the current hubub, you'd think that such studies are
    | the _first_ thing we 'd hear about.
 
    | saalweachter wrote:
    | You'd notice it in professional populations, I'd wager.
    | 
    | I also assume it would be a confounding factor in any study
    | that involved masks, if it was a significant effect. "Weird,
    | the group that breathed in asbestos for 20 years without
    | wearing a mask had 90% more lung cancer than the masked
    | group, but 20% less XYZ. Does asbestos exposure prevent XYZ?"
 
      | mauvehaus wrote:
      | Dental hygienists might be another group that could be
      | studied, and hopefully one with fewer confounding factors.
      | 
      | As an added bonus they're usually (in the Before Times)
      | wearing surgical masks as opposed to a [K]N-95, which is
      | anecdotally a lot more reflective of what the general
      | population is wearing (if they're wearing anything at all).
      | 
      | Edited to add:
      | 
      | As an added, added bonus, dental hygienist skews heavily
      | female, whereas construction and remediation skews heavily
      | male. Female populations also wouldn't have the confounding
      | factor of facial hair, which interferes with the seal of a
      | respirator.
      | 
      | Full disclosure: I type all this while I'm wearing a half-
      | face respirator with P-100 cartridges on it because I'm
      | doing a bunch of sanding today. I also have a goatee. Read
      | into that what you will.
 
  | andai wrote:
  | I've seen memes showing a news headline "doctors baffled by
  | microplastic in human lungs", juxtaposed with an unrelated
  | headline that mentions face masks are made of the same plastic.
 
    | Robotbeat wrote:
    | The form matters. The plastic in masks is not inhalable, and
    | in all likelihood wearing a mask reduces inhaled plastics
    | like it reduces inhaling of any other solid.
 
      | toss1 wrote:
      | The article specified that all masks tested _other than
      | KN95 masks_ produced more microplastics than they filtered
      | out (it didn 't mention if they tested surgical masks).
      | 
      | This is not a bad result, since if you want to filter out
      | viruses to protect the wearer (vs minimize general
      | transmission), the N95/KN95 masks are the only ones worth
      | wearing.
      | 
      | Quality matters, all items in a category are not the same.
 
        | Robotbeat wrote:
        | Oh, agreed, there. KN-95 masks are the only types I've
        | been using for over a year, so I just kind of assumed
        | that. Many cloth masks do very little so I wouldn't be
        | surprised if they actually make it worse.
 
        | [deleted]
 
      | refurb wrote:
      | Micro plastics mostly come from synthetic fibers, like the
      | fabric in masks.
 
        | Robotbeat wrote:
        | More like from woven fabrics or non-woven felts, which
        | shed fibers.
 
        | JTbane wrote:
        | Oh no, your shirt is made from polyester, panic! (/s)
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | dukeofdoom wrote:
  | Fibers embedded in lung tissue is how asbestos causes lung
  | cancer, so wouldn't surprise me. Wearing a mask for an entire
  | work day, than inevitably some of those mask fibers will get to
  | your lungs. Its only a question if your lung tissue is not able
  | to clear out some of them, that will cause inflammation, that
  | long term can lead to cancer.
 
    | goodpoint wrote:
    | Turns out masks are not made of asbestos.
    | 
    | Unsurprisingly, masks safety and effectiveness has been
    | studied extremely extensively.
 
      | LeanderK wrote:
      | certain groups (nurses, doctors or certain workers) have to
      | wear a masks all of the time for years. It would have
      | definitely been noticed if it would cause such
      | effects...the control group exists, just compare it to the
      | rest. It would have been obvious.
 
        | GekkePrutser wrote:
        | But those groups are particular ones that are also
        | exposed to other environments that affect health so any
        | discrepancy will be hard to attribute.
        | 
        | Also, doctors did not wear masks to the extend we did
        | during Corona. They'd only wear them during some surgery,
        | not the whole day including even outside.
 
        | goodpoint wrote:
        | On the contrary, there's been plenty of doctors and lab
        | technicians wearing masks full time and for decades!
        | 
        | Not to mention semiconductor workers.
        | 
        | And industrial worker dealing with hazardous materials.
 
        | GekkePrutser wrote:
        | Like hanoz says above, what professionals wear is not
        | really comparable to what people wear on the subway these
        | days. It's the cheapest of the cheap Chinese crap, and
        | usually used so long and mishandled that it is becoming
        | really fluffy. Especially now that nobody really cares
        | anymore and the use of them is incidental they end up
        | being lugged around more than worn and not frequently
        | replaced.
        | 
        | A fresh mask doesn't shed a lot but I've seen ones that
        | are all hairy and stringy from being rubbed around in
        | pockets with other stuff. I'm sure they shed a lot more
        | material than a fresh mask.
        | 
        | And a lot of the types you mention would not wear masks
        | like this but powered respirators (e.g. people working in
        | clean rooms)
        | 
        | Personally I have major issues the masks for past medical
        | trauma reasons but I really don't think they are healthy
        | to keep around forever.
 
        | hanoz wrote:
        | Indeed. Nor were they wearing the same one again and
        | again for months on end, and stuffing it in their jeans
        | pocket in between.
 
        | GekkePrutser wrote:
        | True, I used a fresh one every day during the worst of
        | it, but I have to say I've gone back to doing exactly
        | what you describe. The only place I still need one is
        | public transport and now that it's getting hot (Spain) I
        | often go outside without a coat, so my pocket is the only
        | place to leave it. And it seems like a waste to replace
        | it after one 15 minute ride on the subway.
        | 
        | And I'm not the only one, I've seen a lot of people
        | wearing ones that are all fluffy from long use and
        | sometimes washing (some people really wash disposable
        | masks). I'm sure that will increase shedding a lot.
 
        | ejb999 wrote:
        | >>certain groups (nurses, doctors or certain workers)
        | have to wear a masks all of the time for years
        | 
        | Not really - doctors/nurses etc have for a very long time
        | worn masks for short periods of times, for certain
        | procedures, for certain hours of the day for some days in
        | the week- very few HC professionals have _ever_ had to
        | wear masks continually all day long, day after day and
        | then also for additional chunks of time as they go about
        | their non-work life.
 
      | ejb999 wrote:
      | >>Turns out masks are not made of asbestos.
      | 
      | Neither are cigarettes, but getting enough cigarette smoke
      | in your lung does causes cancer.
 
        | moistly wrote:
        | "Fun" fact: cigarette filters were made with asbestos.
        | 
        | > From 1952 to 1956, Lorillard Tobacco Company's Kent
        | Micronite cigarettes were made with asbestos filters. The
        | filters were advertised as increasing the experience and
        | safety of smoking
        | 
        | https://www.mesothelioma.com/asbestos-
        | exposure/products/asbe...
 
        | simondw wrote:
        | It also turns out masks are not made of burning
        | cigarettes. How many more of these do we have to do?
 
        | goodpoint wrote:
        | At this point I can expect anything from this thread.
        | Some conspiracy theory claiming that masks are
        | manufactured by aliens.
 
      | joshspankit wrote:
      | Agreed.
      | 
      | However on the other side: there were some rather poor
      | quality masks produced during the pandemic, so I would not
      | be surprised to see future data about _those_ being linked
      | to health problems.
 
  | Karawebnetwork wrote:
  | We had at least one such situation here:
  | 
  | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/masks-early-pulmonar...
  | 
  | https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/recalled-masks-were-worn-by-thou...
  | 
  | "coated in a substance called graphene oxide that's linked to
  | lung disease and is now banned in Canada, at least
  | temporarily."
 
  | goodpoint wrote:
  | If anything, it's the very opposite.
  | 
  | Wearing a mask has additional benefits of filtering out
  | pollution, microplastics in the air and blocking common flu,
  | pollen etc.
 
    | walterbell wrote:
    | Based on what particle size?
 
      | cypress66 wrote:
      | N95 masks filter 95% of 0.3 micron particles.
 
        | varenc wrote:
        | Fun fact: 0.3 micron particles are the most penetrating
        | particles of any size, _including smaller particles_.
        | It's counterintuitive, but 0.1 micron particles will be
        | filtered out more easily than 0.3 micron particles. [0]
        | That's in fact why all masks are rated this way, since it
        | gives you the absolute worst case. It's fair to say that
        | an N95 would filter out at least 95% of all particles.
        | 
        | [0] Wikipedia graph showing this: https://en.wikipedia.or
        | g/wiki/HEPA#/media/File:Filteration_C...
 
        | cypress66 wrote:
        | Nice, I didn't know that.
 
| jtdev wrote:
 
| donthellbanme wrote:
| I was thinking about this tonight on my walk.
| 
| I've been noticing some funny looks at my mask wearing.
| 
| I usually walk with my mask on. I have done this way before
| Covid.
| 
| I used to wear it for allergies. My allergies just felt better
| when I wore a mask.
| 
| Tonight I could smell burn't tires on my walk. A older guy
| happened to be doing a burn out in his Tesla. Yea--I know, not
| the typical burnout guy. A few Japanese beers might have
| something to do with the stunt.
| 
| I left, and thought about why I like to wear a mask. We have so
| much pollution in the air, it just seems prudent? I'm not even
| that worried about Covid right now.
| 
| (I do believe we consume way to much plastic, and other chemicals
| (Dawn Dish soap has 13 chemicals. Why? It cleans well. I am not a
| great dishwasher though.)
| 
| So if you see a "jerk" wearing a mask on Sir Francis Drake look
| away. I know it bothers some folks.
 
  | swayvil wrote:
  | Mask-wearing is like foot-binding and leeching.
  | 
  | Pathological and perverse, perhaps. But also totally cool and
  | in agreement with the experts.
  | 
  | It's a window into our psychology. Anthropologists of the
  | future will reap much research papers.
 
    | danShumway wrote:
    | > Pathological and perverse, perhaps. But also totally cool
    | and in agreement with the experts.
    | 
    | Um... "perverse"?
    | 
    | I have a lot less patience for these takes than I used to
    | because at least early on in the pandemic people could
    | convincingly claim that wearing a mask was "cool". There was
    | at least truth to the idea that you would be shamed for not
    | wearing a mask. But that's not the situation anymore -- GP
    | wrote a comment about how they're getting a lot of weird
    | looks in public for wearing a mask to help with pollution. If
    | the response to that is, "what's up with this mask fad?",
    | then I'm not sure you understand how fads or popularity work.
    | 
    | Anecdotally, even in a majority Democrat area the majority of
    | people I see in just about every single social situation are
    | not wearing masks, even in enclosed environments and at
    | offices. The majority of retail workers I see don't wear
    | masks. There are maybe 3-6 people total that I've seen in my
    | entire church that wear a mask. And it's not exclusive to
    | Republicans, most Democrats I know are not wearing masks --
    | to the point where people are far more likely to give funny
    | looks or scowl at others for having one on.
    | 
    | As far as I can tell people wearing masks in public are
    | pretty squarely the minority at this point, but the rhetoric
    | against masking never really got updated since the early
    | pandemic so people are still pretending like if they go to an
    | average grocery store without a mask everyone there will
    | judge them over it.
    | 
    | GP wears a mask to help with allergies and reduce road
    | pollution -- this is pretty reasonable and would have been
    | reasonable pre-pandemic. I don't understand why anyone would
    | care about someone else making that decision in the first
    | place, let alone why they would care so much that they'd call
    | GP a pervert over it. :)
 
      | swayvil wrote:
      | In a hundred million years of biological history, I doubt
      | that there is anything as perverse as voluntarily blocking
      | your own breathing hole. It's right up there with crowds
      | throwing themselves off cliffs and maniacs walking down the
      | sidewalk chattering at their plastic rat.
 
        | CyanBird wrote:
        | > I doubt that there is anything as perverse as
        | voluntarily blocking your own breathing hole.
        | 
        | Well, then I would recommend you to look more around you,
        | very few to no animals intake air directly through their
        | trachea, we evolved noses to both filter the small
        | particulate with nose hairs, change the temperature of
        | the air and later evolved the use of smell
        | 
        | So yeah, next time you go out I would recommend you to
        | carefully review the faces of the beings you see around
        | you and realize the existence and plurality of noses and
        | "noseholes", and yes, noses themselves also inhibit
        | oxygen flow vs "open trachea holes"
        | 
        | Lastly, you are welcome to give yourself a tracheotomy if
        | you'd like too, just be careful, or maybe not
 
        | GabrielMtn wrote:
        | "Blocking your own breathing hole"
        | 
        | Ok. Well thanks for removing all doubt here at least.
 
        | danShumway wrote:
        | > In a hundred million years of biological history, I
        | doubt that there is anything as perverse as voluntarily
        | blocking your own breathing hole
        | 
        | Really? You genuinely can't think of anything in the
        | entire history of humanity more perverse that someone
        | could do than wear a mask? Have you spent much time on
        | the Internet? And historically -- I mean, I'm just
        | throwing out one idea off the top of my head, but how
        | about public executions in the Colosseum for
        | entertainment purposes?
        | 
        | This is pretty silly. :)
        | 
        | Even if you do somehow think that mask-wearers are all
        | perversely deriving some pleasure from suffocating
        | themselves and that they're walking around unable to
        | breathe, there's still no way you genuinely believe that
        | auto-erotic asphyxiation is the most perverse thing that
        | society has ever invented.
 
        | TomSwirly wrote:
        | If you think any of this is sane, you have another think
        | coming.
 
    | GabrielMtn wrote:
    | Do you have any evidence of these claims or is this just more
    | reactionary politicizing of masks?
 
      | swayvil wrote:
      | Experts agree that there is such a thing as
      | anthropologists.
 
    | TomSwirly wrote:
    | One of the sad things about the Internet these days is that
    | into every conversation descends the Screaming Loonie(tm).
    | 
    | The Screaming Loonie doesn't waste any time but immediately
    | dives into some world-class conspiracy theory - in this case,
    | "Almost all the world's doctors, medical researchers and
    | public health officials are in a century-long conspiracy to
    | present a false theory, that masks help prevent infectious
    | respiratory diseases."
    | 
    | I used to find this sad, but now the Screaming Loonies have
    | killed a lot of people by hampering our response to COVID,
    | and it's not sad or funny any more, it's enraging.
    | 
    | If we can jail people who call in prank bomb threats, we can
    | should certainly jail the gloating and arrogant medical liars
    | who have caused such carnage.
    | 
    | In a just world, medical liars would be given the same sort
    | of sentence that we give today to
 
      | swayvil wrote:
      | That is a carefully roundabout argument for something, no
      | doubt. And I'm sure that the experts all agree.
 
| PhoenixDavidson wrote:
| Relevant: https://www.gq.com/story/how-testosterone-therapies-
| are-tran...
| 
| "While Devgon was wondering what was wrong, he started reading
| about the increasingly prominent theory that toxins in pesticides
| and plastics are throwing off men's endocrine systems--and he
| started to wonder about his own testosterone levels."
| 
| Discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31435864
 
| verisimi wrote:
| > You Eat a Credit's Card Worth of Plastic Every Week
| 
| I'm pretty sure I don't. I'm not a subscriber (I can't read the
| article), but I take it that these plastics are so small we can't
| see them...
| 
| How do I even test this claim? Do I get my microscope and look at
| salt? Cos I have.. and I don't see fibres or anything.
 
| dhosek wrote:
| Two simple things that you can do are to (a) don't wash plastics
| in the dishwasher and (2) don't microwave stuff in plastic
| containers. This last will require taking stuff out of the
| disposable container that many frozen meals come in to cook it.
| Some brands have a cardboard/waxpaper tray instead of a plastic
| one although there might be identical looking packaging that has
| different internals based on the store (I remember being
| surprised to discover that a frozen meal I bought at Whole Foods
| had the cardboard bowl while the same meal from a regular
| supermarket had a plastic bowl).
 
| mckirk wrote:
| A startup selling probiotics containing plastic-eating bacteria,
| anyone?
 
  | moffkalast wrote:
  | As long as you don't spill any and wake up tomorrow with all
  | the plastic in your house eaten.
 
    | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
    | Interestingly a friend of mine was discussing this with me
    | yesterday and proposed that such a bacteria, if prolific,
    | would be one of the more appealing causes of the end of
    | modern civilization.
 
      | ephbit wrote:
      | Not gonna happen. Why? Because AFAIK all life on earth uses
      | water as a solvent. Unless your plastic is
      | constantly/regularly exposed to water, bacteria will have
      | almost no chance of catabolizing it.
 
    | yetihehe wrote:
    | 1. Make plastic baby potties.
    | 
    | 2. Sell baby food with "probiotic bacteria guarding babies
    | internally against plastic pollution".
    | 
    | 3. Profit.
 
    | fsflover wrote:
    | Who cares about externalities of your business today? /s
 
  | thejackgoode wrote:
  | I wonder how much evolution pressure you must exert onto a
  | living thing for it to start consuming something as complex as
  | plastic. And how many generations past time they are not in the
  | lab anymore they figure out there's simpler solutions to
  | nutrition, especially in the gut.
 
    | ben-schaaf wrote:
    | Not having any competition for a food source is a very strong
    | pressure, so much so that multiple plastic eating bacteria
    | have already been discovered.
 
    | Qem wrote:
    | If we consider lignin as the first plastic (not man-made), it
    | took about 60 million years. See
    | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-
    | fanta...
 
    | andai wrote:
    | There was a story on HN today about a plastic-eating enzyme:
    | 
    | >Researchers at the Cockrell School of Engineering and
    | College of Natural Sciences used a machine learning model to
    | generate novel mutations to a natural enzyme called PETase
    | that allows bacteria to degrade PET plastics. The model
    | predicts which mutations in these enzymes would accomplish
    | the goal of quickly depolymerizing post-consumer waste
    | plastic at low temperatures.
    | 
    | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31427011
    | 
    | Maybe one of the human gut bacteria could be modified to also
    | produce this enzyme? Though presumably it would be
    | outcompeted by the natural variant (assuming dissolving
    | plastic confers it no advantage).
    | 
    | Also, I have to wonder if the monomers are more harmful than
    | the plastic? Being smaller particles they might perhaps end
    | up in the bloodstream?
 
      | joshspankit wrote:
      | We'd have to have a huge array of enzymes to deal with the
      | dizzying array of chemicals we group in under "plastic".
      | 
      | For example, the linked article specifically targets
      | polyethylene terephthalate which they say is a huge target
      | because it accounts for 12% of all plastic waste.
 
      | moffkalast wrote:
      | > Maybe one of the human gut bacteria could be modified to
      | also produce this enzyme?
      | 
      | Fantastic, now I can not only eat the food, but also the
      | packaging!
      | 
      | Can we get one for cellulose too? Then we can eat pizza
      | while it's still in the box.
 
        | sp332 wrote:
        | You can, there are cellulase enzymes sold for human
        | consumption. I don't know how much cellulose you'd be
        | able to eat in one sitting, though. Cellulase is pretty
        | slow.
 
        | krageon wrote:
        | And for keratin, so nail biting becomes a type of
        | recycling.
 
| Robotbeat wrote:
| I actually suspect the plastics are not a big health problem. The
| exception is inhalation. Inhaling basically anything solid is bad
| for you. Silicate, dust, smoke, fine plastic particles, flour,
| pollen, it's probably all bad for you.
| 
| https://oem.bmj.com/content/61/2/157
 
| post_break wrote:
| I saw a neat video which I cant find where a guy buys Himalayan
| salt, puts it under a microscope, and pulls out plastic. It's
| disturbing how plastic is in the salt and almost impossible to
| remove.
 
  | TomSwirly wrote:
  | How, exactly, would plastic be appearing in rock salt that was
  | laid down millions of years ago?
 
    | PKop wrote:
    | From the processing that puts it into a package that people
    | can buy, among possible other sources of contamination (ocean
    | water itself).
 
    | adamsmith143 wrote:
    | It's not as if they are bottling it right at the source,
    | presumably it goes through an industrial process to clean the
    | stuff and get it into containers.
 
    | pixl97 wrote:
    | I would assume it's being added in the supply chain
    | unintentionally on its way to you. You would think that the
    | Himalayas would be presitine, but because of no solid waste
    | systems plastics trash builds up very fast in the
    | environment.
 
    | ehnto wrote:
    | My assumption is that because salt is mined and stored in
    | open air, plastic particles from the ocean's non-trivial
    | cache of microplastics being brought up into the atmosphere
    | by evaporation and weather, and from ashes/plastics from
    | trash incineration are potentially finding their way onto the
    | piles.
    | 
    | If water is used during the processing of the salts it could
    | be that as well.
 
| dwighttk wrote:
| But my credit card is titanium
 
  | zivkovicp wrote:
  | then you really have your work cut out for you!
 
  | dym_sh wrote:
  | upscale on iron intake instead
 
    | PKop wrote:
    | that would be bad
    | 
    | https://raypeat.com/articles/articles/iron-dangers.shtml
 
| AstralStorm wrote:
| The plastics themselves are only part of the story - they are
| relatively inert. However chemicals used to plasticize them and
| prevent fire are not, and some of them are already banned, but we
| have insufficient days on the replacements used.
| 
| (Phenolics such as Bisphenol A - have hormonal effects causing
| direct cancer risk. And other effects too.)
 
  | usrn wrote:
  | I think it depends on the plastic. "Plastic" just refers to a
  | mechanical property that _a lot_ of different polymers have.
 
  | CyanBird wrote:
  | Also, note that while bisphemol A is largely banned from
  | certain food-contact plastics, it has been replaced with other
  | "plasticising" chemicals which are largely "the same" such as
  | bisphemol E, F, S, or AF
  | 
  | For the interested https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol
  | 
  | Also note n2, variations of vinyl or pvc plastic makes strong
  | use of bisphemols for flexibility, pvc is being used to replace
  | ageing copper or lead piping across the world, it is also
  | largely unexplored the degree to which there is legislation
  | regarding the sourcing and chemical composition of said water
  | pipes over most of the world (as in, if there is a new
  | international hotel building being built in, let's say brazil,
  | what type of water pipe will the construction company use? You
  | honestly think they would use copper everywhere and pay a 5x
  | premium on it, or just use some random pvc pipe embedded on the
  | walls? And then, if it proves to be that the pvc had bisphemol
  | X on it, how would you even fix it? Rip it all up? We are
  | talking of literal concrete bricks. Or just hide it from the
  | public? )
 
| throw8383833jj wrote:
| >> When it comes to eating microplastics, scientists have
| documented plastic particles in about 40 percent of the human
| diet, including beer, honey, salt, and seafood
| 
| I was surprised about the honey. Geezz.
| 
| Anyways, i've got about 35 fruit trees, and 90 berry bushes in
| the backyard and I plan to eat primarily from that as soon as
| they generate enough food..
 
  | glenneroo wrote:
  | AFAIK that probably won't help you much as rain also contains
  | plastic particles, which is also why all bodies of water tested
  | (so far), even underground, contain plastic.
 
    | throw8383833jj wrote:
    | we don't get rain 10 months of the year. Irrigate from city
    | water.
    | 
    | do the fruit contain plastic?
 
| beeforpork wrote:
| This article conflates particles of any size, and often does not
| even mention sizes, e.g., '28 particles' in a serving of beer?
| That is imprecise (doesn't mention size) and wrong: probably way
| to little, as nano particles are used in filtering (clarifying)
| beer.
| 
| The articles also doesn't really tell me how to avoid all that
| plastic. If 40 percent of human diet contains plastic, then
| there's hope, so which 60 percent do not contain plastic? This
| would be really helpful to check my own diet for surprises. E.g.,
| I drink only craft beer and make my own ketchup, in order to
| avoid nano plastics -- but what elephant do I miss?
| 
| The problem is really serious, so articles about this should take
| more care to be helpful.
 
  | kingnothing wrote:
  | Carbonated beverage cans are lined with plastic. It should not
  | be a surprise that microplastics are found in beer.
 
  | joshspankit wrote:
  | Personally, I think that in answer to the question of "how to
  | avoid all that plastic?", the article is leaning more towards
  | "take action to stop the plastic from being produced and added
  | to food in the first place".
  | 
  | While it makes the problem larger from an individual
  | perspective, the alternative of simply trying to avoid it in
  | our own foods would mean that our available foods shrink over
  | time as plastics continue to seep in to more and more places.
 
    | pc86 wrote:
    | > _the article is leaning more towards "take action to stop
    | the plastic from being produced and added to food in the
    | first place"_
    | 
    | Which is kind of nonsense unless someone happens to be CEO of
    | Molson Coors or something. It seems obvious that if you want
    | to avoid ingesting plastic, the clearest path to that is to
    | know what foods are less likely to contain plastic in the
    | first place.
 
    | refurb wrote:
    | Micro plastics are mostly fibers shed from fabric. So stop
    | buying synthetic or semi-synthetic clothing and only buy
    | cotton or other organic materials.
 
    | bonniemuffin wrote:
    | If consumers know which products have more microplastics and
    | are able to avoid them, it'll produce market forces that
    | encourage businesses to reduce the microplastics in their
    | products. The free market doesn't always move in the right
    | direction, but in this case aligning the incentives could
    | really help -- if we don't even know which products to avoid,
    | there's no chance of market forces helping to push businesses
    | in the right direction.
 
  | moffkalast wrote:
  | > but what elephant do I miss?
  | 
  | Probably the plastic that was in those tomatoes to start with.
  | 
  | I doubt there's a practical way to avoid it, it's probably
  | fairly random depending on where the food is from. Especially
  | if I recall right it's often found in the water supply which
  | you then drink directly or is used to water plants which you
  | then eat.
 
    | jacquesm wrote:
    | Plants are reasonably good at filtering the water they ingest
    | through their roots, if they weren't your tomatoes would be
    | full of sand and mud (clay).
 
      | wil421 wrote:
      | Plants uptake chemicals and other smaller molecules through
      | their roots. Oftentimes they will store pollutants in their
      | fruit or stems because they don't know what to do with it.
      | 
      | Here's an article from Nature that specifically studied
      | plastic uptake by plant roots.[1]
      | 
      | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0567-9
 
        | jacquesm wrote:
        | Yes, at the um scale and below it does happen, and such
        | concentrating effects can really change it from a non-
        | issue to a serious problem, depending on how chemically
        | active the contaminant is.
        | 
        | TFA: "Yet despite all the new knowledge about
        | microplastics and the even tinier nanoplastics, smaller
        | than a millimeter, that enter the human body through
        | ingestion or inhalation"
        | 
        | Microplastics are apparently taken as being a mm or
        | larger, and 'nanoplastics' are anything smaller than a mm
        | which is still very large. The ones you are talking about
        | would be very much smaller than those by another 3 orders
        | of decimal magnitude.
 
        | wil421 wrote:
        | The article specifically says micrometer so it would be
        | right between millimeter and nano sized plastics. They
        | will only get smaller as they degrade.
        | 
        | > Our results provide evidence in support of
        | submicrometre- and micrometre-sized polystyrene and
        | polymethylmethacrylate particles penetrating the stele of
        | both species using the crack-entry mode at sites of
        | lateral root emergence.
 
| GekkePrutser wrote:
| Startup idea: flavoured credit cards!
 
| blastonico wrote:
| Yesterday I shit an American Express
 
| titzer wrote:
| Libertarian me, age 20, is screaming "I'm so glad we let the free
| market produce whatever they see fit, with little regulation!"
| 
| Now me, age 42, has eaten an untold amount of everyone else's
| garbage and can now literally no longer avoid eating the chewed-
| up-and-spit-out refuse of our bad choices that now cannot be
| reversed.
 
| barbegal wrote:
| The actual study is here
| https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438942...
| 
| The study presents three scenarios assuming different assumptions
| about the mass of plastic particles. In the worst case scenario,
| where I think the assumptions are bad, they estimate 5g of
| plastic per week. In the other two scenarios which used more
| complex but more realistic modelling they estimate 0.15 and 0.3g
| of plastic consumed per week so only a credit card sized amount
| per year.
| 
| In these scenarios (0.15g and 0.3g) about 90% they estimate comes
| from salt.
 
  | matthewdgreen wrote:
  | What's worrying about this is that we're about 50 years into an
  | unexplained epidemic of obesity and metabolic disease that
  | nobody has a clear explanation for, and is also affecting lab
  | animals fed controlled diets. It would be fascinating if this
  | was all correlated with a common environmental contaminant, and
  | the increasing use of various plastics could line up well.
 
    | moistly wrote:
    | And don't forget that sperm counts have dropped a frightening
    | amount, and that plastics leech hormone analogues.
 
    | zamfi wrote:
    | You may find this exposition interesting:
    | http://achemicalhunger.com/
 
      | rajin444 wrote:
      | Even they admit that in the end CICO is correct. You cannot
      | escape physics.
      | 
      | That being said, the real question is: if somebody stopped
      | eating, would their body die instead of using their fat for
      | energy? There could definitely be cases where that happens
      | (likely caused by modern tech / science), but given things
      | like this happen:
      | 
      | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Barbieri%27s_fast
      | 
      | It's likely just a willpower/intellect issue once cico is
      | handled. How long can you keep it up, are you able to make
      | effective modifications, etc until you reach your goal
      | weight.
      | 
      | I'd wager that it's much more likely society lacks
      | willpower & intelligence (when presented with excess
      | resources) instead of we introduced something that makes
      | our bodies unable to lose weight.
      | 
      | Anecdotally, as a former obese person and with many family
      | members who have dealt with/are dealing with obesity cico +
      | willpower was always the answer. It's very likely the
      | willpower needed to lose weight is something a large
      | portion of the population fundamentally can't achieve
      | without cultural enforcement.
 
        | zamfi wrote:
        | Sure, CICO definitely applies, but so what? The first
        | derivative of stored calories doesn't tell you anything
        | interesting about _causes_.
        | 
        | Your bank balance is a sum of money coming and and money
        | going out, but _what causes money coming in_ and _what
        | causes money going out_ are much more useful to anyone
        | trying to earn wealth or avoid debt than the _mere fact_
        | that your bank balance is their sum.
        | 
        | Like you, many people are convinced that the issue is
        | "willpower / intellect". But this doesn't share a causal
        | relationship with CICO! The willpower argument is like
        | saying "oh yeah, to become rich, just earn more than you
        | spend!" -- sure, that's true, and then someone says "ok,
        | how do I do that?"; if your answer is "willpower!" I
        | doubt they'll find that very satisfying.
        | 
        | Since I suspect you didn't read the post either, I'll
        | excerpt two questions here:
        | 
        | (1) Rates of obesity in lab rats -- whose diets haven't
        | changed -- have also increased over the last 50 years. Do
        | they lack willpower too?
        | 
        | (2) Average calorie consumption hasn't changed much over
        | the last 50 years, and nor has calorie expenditure.
        | Average weight gain is in fact _super slow_ , on the
        | order of a few pounds per year, for most obese
        | individuals. That's the equivalent of overeating by ~7000
        | calories each year -- only 1% of typical annual
        | consumption. It's hard to imagine that people don't have
        | the willpower to reduce their food consumption by 20
        | calories per day. Losing weight by keeping up a caloric
        | deficit requires a ton of willpower because your body
        | _super fights_ against starvation. But why would a lack
        | of willpower be the reason people perpetually eat 1% too
        | many calories? And why did they only start doing that 50
        | years ago?
        | 
        | CICO is not a useful causal explanation for the obesity
        | epidemic. Obesity at the societal level is a more
        | interesting problem than merely CICO, despite how many
        | people think the reason is some variant of willpower.
 
      | john567 wrote:
      | This must be part of some disinformation effort to streer
      | people away from the simple answer.
      | 
      | Their conclusion is that you're helpless if your fat and
      | that's just not true. The idea that this is not in your
      | hands is ridiculous. If you are fat and you don't want to
      | be fat you simply change your eating habits. This can be
      | very difficult to do because you have formed these habits
      | throughout your life but it isn't complicated and you
      | should just do it anyway.
 
        | zamfi wrote:
        | Obviously you [0] didn't read the article, but that is
        | not their conclusion.
        | 
        | There seems to be some kind of unfortunate "shame
        | brigade" out on the Internet that comes out of the
        | woodwork to overrun any conversation around obesity that
        | even _hints_ that there might be reasons for the obesity
        | epidemic other than individual people 's poor choices.
        | 
        | The lab rats whose rate of obesity has increased over the
        | last 30 years, despite consuming the exact same
        | controlled diets, are certainly not "changing their
        | eating habits" -- there must be more to the picture than
        | merely eating habits.
        | 
        | This set of articles explores that. We don't have answers
        | yet, but these folks make a strong argument that the
        | question is worth asking.
        | 
        | [0] It's an unfortunate fact of scientific progress that
        | ideologues have, in other fields, at other times, held
        | back that scientific progress for decades through their
        | inability to consider disconfirming evidence against a
        | favored theory. This kind of comment should be ignored by
        | anyone who values truth over consensus.
 
        | gilmore606 wrote:
        | When I was obese and I thought about my own obesity, I
        | decided it was under my control and I changed my habits
        | (this was hard!) and I lost 110lbs. There was no more to
        | the picture than my eating habits. Perhaps I was a
        | strange outlier; lucky for me.
        | 
        | But when I think about other people's obesity, I am not
        | allowed to think that, because I would be part of a shame
        | brigade.
        | 
        | I wish the shame brigade had gotten to me years earlier.
 
        | antisthenes wrote:
        | > This kind of comment should be ignored by anyone who
        | values truth over consensus.
        | 
        | I hope you're talking about your own comment, because
        | consensus is truth, for all practical purposes.
        | 
        | What's _really_ toxic is taking a fringe theory and
        | pretending it has equivalence and /or equal weight with
        | scientific consensus, when it doesn't have even 1% of the
        | rigor and reproducible evidence behind it. That kind of
        | attitude is absolutely glorifying ignorance and is
        | utterly toxic to actual progress.
 
        | zamfi wrote:
        | > consensus is truth, for all practical purposes
        | 
        | Oof, you are definitely right about this. Very few people
        | are able to distinguish truth where it deviates from
        | consensus, and basically no one can do it in domains
        | where they lack expertise.
        | 
        | That said, there _is no scientific consensus_ about the
        | causes of the obesity epidemic, so I 'm not sure what
        | criticism you're directing at me, exactly -- though I
        | deduce from your tone that I triggered you in some way.
        | 
        | I'm not putting forth any fringe theory about the causes
        | of the obesity epidemic; the link I posted examines
        | common explanations for the epidemic and tries to figure
        | out whether they're valid, and if not, what other causes
        | there might be. They don't claim anything definitive, in
        | the end, because it would take actual studies to prove
        | any real connection. They're pretty clear about what they
        | can and can't claim.
        | 
        | I have no idea what this is supposed to mean:
        | 
        | > it doesn't have even 1% of the rigor and reproducible
        | evidence behind it. That kind of attitude is absolutely
        | glorifying ignorance and is utterly toxic to actual
        | progress.
 
    | CuriouslyC wrote:
    | Highly unlikely. The obesity epidemic is very well explained
    | by diet and lifestyle choices, and regional variations in
    | average body mass correlate with these explanatory variable
    | pretty well.
 
      | mitchdoogle wrote:
      | So people just started making different choices the last
      | fifty years?
 
        | throwawayboise wrote:
        | Yes. People and jobs are more sedentary. Kids sit in
        | front of screens instead of riding bikes to the park and
        | playing ball or just running around. Fat in prepared
        | foods has been reduced, replaced with corn syrup. Portion
        | sizes for food and drink at restaurants have probably
        | close to doubled since the 1970s.
        | 
        | We are less active and we're eating more. Thus we got
        | fat.
 
        | higgsbozo wrote:
        | Exactly. Fats were deemed the enemy #1 and the problem
        | with corn syrup has relatively only recently been brought
        | to public's attention. A friend of mine from Europe spent
        | the summer in Florida riding bike all day long under a
        | swelling sun, selling encyclopedias. He should have lost
        | weight, but he came back with puffy cheeks and belly. I
        | blame corn syrup for that :)
 
        | meowzero wrote:
        | Not corn syrup. He probably ate well while he was
        | vacationing in Europe. Exercise doesn't really burn as
        | much calories as people think.
        | 
        | I did similar things where I probably had 10k steps a day
        | in Europe because we walked everywhere all the time. We
        | also ate a lot and often. So my weight didn't change.
        | Heck, I thinks some people gained.
 
        | appletrotter wrote:
        | Yes! People eat differently now than in the 70s!
 
        | aaaaaaaaata wrote:
        | It's a feedback loop.
 
        | Melatonic wrote:
        | Plot the rise of computer related desk jobs on a graph
        | and then overlay that with the same graph for obesity.
        | Obviously not the sole cause but they line up pretty
        | nicely
 
        | mcguire wrote:
        | You might try adding the number of McDonald's locations
        | and their revenue. I have a hypothesis.
 
        | olyjohn wrote:
        | God, now I want a Big Mac.
 
        | pbhjpbhj wrote:
        | Advertising, it's an insidious evil.
 
      | jnwatson wrote:
      | This is largely debunked by a paper posted on HN a while
      | back I can't seem to find right now.
      | 
      | Even our pets are getting fat.
      | 
      | Previous experiments both natural and manmade indicate that
      | homeostasis prevents long term weight gain in situations of
      | high caloric availability.
      | 
      | The conclusion of the paper was that something was
      | introduced into the environment in the 70s that is
      | disrupting humans' and nearby mammals' homeostasis
      | mechanisms.
 
        | titzer wrote:
        | Lazy people have lazy pets.
 
        | spywaregorilla wrote:
        | You mean the dogs eating corn based diets?
 
    | logicchains wrote:
    | It's got an incredibly simple explanation, if you look at a
    | graph of average daily calorie intake by year.
 
    | ellopoppit wrote:
    | It's pretty clear the epidemic of obesity and metabolic
    | disease is largely caused by sugar
    | 
    | https://youtu.be/dBnniua6-oM
 
      | wbsss4412 wrote:
      | It's not at all clear that the current epidemic is caused
      | by sugar.
      | 
      | Lustig is a great speaker, and I'll admit that when I first
      | watched that I was quite convinced.
      | 
      | His position, however, is still not representative of a
      | consensus within the field, and for good reason. While
      | sugar consumption is likely detrimental to one's overall
      | health. Simply cutting out sugar is not necessarily going
      | to lead to better weight management outcomes.
      | 
      | While sugar consumption has increased over time, so have
      | added fats and oils [0]. Which are much more calorically
      | dense. It's unlikely that any one food source is leading to
      | the increases in obesity that we are seeing.
      | 
      | [0] https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/82220/eib
      | -166....
 
        | krasotkin wrote:
        | Consensus is not a necessary condition for truth. An idea
        | can have no one believing it and be correct, and another
        | idea can have everyone believing it and be wrong.
 
        | wbsss4412 wrote:
        | Absolutely.
        | 
        | That said, it does beg the question: why, 12 years after
        | that video was published, has the field not come to an
        | agreement, if it is "pretty clearly" the truth?
        | 
        | One could come up with various explanations, including
        | lobbying by big sugar, but it falls flat when you
        | consider that the sugar industry is only a small fraction
        | of the industrialized food industry, there's plenty of
        | lobbying and influence to go around.
        | 
        | At the end of the day, there are only a few things that
        | are clear: junk food is bad, Americans eat too many
        | calories, and could stand to eat more fruits and
        | vegetables.
 
        | teawrecks wrote:
        | The first person to suggest fossil fuels would leaf to
        | global warming was in 1896. How long until the field came
        | to an agreement?
 
        | gaze wrote:
        | are you making the argument that BECAUSE his ideas are
        | not widely accepted they must be true? Come on.
 
        | admax88qqq wrote:
        | No they are making the argument that people have been
        | right in the past and it took forever for the community
        | to find "consensus" on that position if ever.
        | 
        | So to doubt something is true just because "it's been 12
        | years and there's no consensus" is not necessarily a good
        | rebuttal to something being true or not.
 
        | wbsss4412 wrote:
        | I don't think I ever disputed that it can take a long
        | time to reach consensus.
        | 
        | It's quite clear that there isn't a consensus on what the
        | truth is, ergo the truth is out there on what causes
        | obesity and it isn't to be found within the current
        | consensus.
        | 
        | However, do we take that to mean that sugar is the cause
        | of obesity? I don't see overwhelming evidence to that
        | fact, so I personally don't.
        | 
        | What we can take is that whatever the truth is, it is not
        | "clear" nor obvious at this point.
 
        | teawrecks wrote:
        | I don't understand this statement:
        | 
        | > One could come up with various explanations, including
        | lobbying by big sugar, but it falls flat when you
        | consider that the sugar industry is only a small fraction
        | of the industrialized food industry, there's plenty of
        | lobbying and influence to go around.
        | 
        | Are you saying that the sugar industry would be lobbying
        | against larger industries with opposing goals? Or are you
        | saying the sugar industry is just one of several
        | industries who would like to use their money to push the
        | blame around?
        | 
        | I am not well versed in the agricultural industry, but
        | doesn't the majority of our mass produced sugar come from
        | the corn industry which is absolutely massive and will
        | obviously do anything it can to protect its sources of
        | income (sugar, ethanol, alcohol, oil, etc.)?
 
        | wbsss4412 wrote:
        | I can't say I have any special insider knowledge of food
        | industry lobby.
        | 
        | My statement was to preempt the common argument that
        | somehow the sugar industry is so powerful that it was and
        | is able to divert all of our collective attention from
        | it, when it is the real culprit.
        | 
        | The corn industry is a large industry, but so is the meat
        | industry, dairy industry, processed food manufacturers,
        | soy beans, etc. many of them, possibly even including
        | corn, benefit from diverting attention away from their
        | products towards sugar as the main villain. Even if sugar
        | is a revenue source for corn, it pales in comparison for
        | its main product: animal feed.
        | 
        | None of that is to say that I think any of the above
        | industries I listed is "the culprit" I only list them to
        | illustrate my point. Big sugar has lobbying power, but it
        | is all too common that the simplest story gets repeated,
        | "it's all because of powerful lobbying group X"
 
        | svachalek wrote:
        | How many things did one guy say in 1896 that turned out
        | to be wrong?
 
        | uoaei wrote:
        | I learned a while back but don't have time to dig up
        | sources now that eating simple carbs and fats together
        | encourages your body to take the fast calories and store
        | them as fat, moreso than eating simple carbs alone (fast
        | energy, relatively clean-burning) or fats alone. These
        | kinds of interactions are historically very important for
        | explaining particular quirks of the effects of diets and
        | I wouldn't be surprised at all if microplastics had some
        | sort of catalytic effect, e.g. by being nucleation points
        | for buildup of something (arterial plaque or whatever
        | else).
 
        | sgtnoodle wrote:
        | Sure, simply cutting out sugar but otherwise making poor
        | dietary choices isn't going to lead to weight loss.
        | Cutting out sugar tends to make it easier to eat healthy,
        | though. Long term weight loss requires lifestyle changes.
        | 
        | In my personal anecdotal experience, my weight gain and
        | loss correlates to my caloric intake. When I've
        | explicitly calorie counted, foods with refined
        | carbohydrates are typically what blows up my count. When
        | I've done low carb high fat and protein diets, I've found
        | it difficult to eat too much, to the point of coming up
        | several hundred calories short per day.
 
        | wbsss4412 wrote:
        | I mean yes, that's something of a tautology though.
        | 
        | Cutting down on calories necessarily means cutting down
        | on fat, carbs, or both (technically protein as well, but
        | protein doesn't generally seem to be the issue.)
        | 
        | If you were to follow an explicitly low fat diet, it
        | would be very difficult to eat junk food as well. Almost
        | all junk foods are high in both fat and carbs at the same
        | time.
        | 
        | You are right about refined carbs. Most public health
        | organizations advise limiting one's consumption of those.
 
        | eslaught wrote:
        | I really, really recommend watching this lecture:
        | 
        | The Human Microbiome: A New Frontier in Health by Susan
        | Lynch
        | 
        | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCaTQzjX2rQ
        | 
        | What food you eat certainly influences conditions in your
        | gut, which influences your gut microbiome. On the other
        | hand, your gut microbiome is highly persistent and even
        | efforts to diet may not have the direct impact you'd
        | think it would. Also, other factors (like conditions at
        | birth) have strong effects that are highly persistent.
        | 
        | If you're not familiar with this research you really owe
        | it to yourself to learn about it.
 
        | k0k0r0 wrote:
        | Indeed, this was very interesting. However, I missed a
        | bit what changes to my diet I could do to improve
        | myicrobiome. I would be glad to hear a scientist like her
        | discussing this.
 
        | eslaught wrote:
        | This may not directly answer your question, but the
        | Huberman Lab podcast [1] is done by a Stanford professor
        | and generally includes very high quality summaries of
        | recent research. He also provides actionable suggestions
        | (though sometimes, the research is so new that they're
        | still in the process of figuring this out). You can
        | scroll through the home page and see the variety of
        | topics he covers, there are a number on gut health.
        | 
        | [1]: https://hubermanlab.com
 
      | zamfi wrote:
      | Sugar consumption peaked in 1997 [0] in the US. Obesity
      | continues to rise.
      | 
      | In Australia, sugar consumption dropped 23% (and other
      | sweeteners dropped 16%) from 1980 to 2003, while obesity
      | tripled. [1]
      | 
      | There is more to the picture.
      | 
      | [0] https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/07/11/a-chemical-
      | hunger-p...
      | 
      | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257688/
 
      | philjohn wrote:
      | And HFCS?
 
    | bb123 wrote:
    | I don't think it's unexplained at all. People just don't like
    | the explanation. People simply eat too much and don't move
    | enough. The secondary reasons behind that are many but again
    | pretty easy to see (more desk jobs, cheap high calorie foods,
    | automobile ownership etc)
 
      | zamfi wrote:
      | Most folks who respond like this are not looking for
      | reasons to believe they might be wrong, but just in case
      | you are, please take a look at A Chemical Hunger [0], which
      | explores these questions in some depth.
      | 
      | It turns out, the simple explanations (people eat more &
      | move less! too much sugar! etc.) are in fact insufficient.
      | 
      | [0] https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/07/11/a-chemical-
      | hunger-p...
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | Obviously there are a large number of factors which
        | affect the weight of a specific individual, and food
        | intake and exercise are only two of them, but that blog's
        | attempts to deny the causation behind the correlation
        | looks far more highly motivated than anybody pointing out
        | that trends in obesity mirror trends in diets and
        | lifestyle changes.
        | 
        | I mean, he handwaves away the statistic that suggests the
        | mean US citizen's calorie intake increased by nearly a
        | quarter over the period that obesity rose simply by
        | saying "that's not a jaw dropping increase". He thinks a
        | study in which people's food intake was increased by 50%
        | showed a significant average weight gain in just three
        | weeks _undermines_ the argument that feeding a population
        | an average 25% more per day for the rest of their lives
        | could increase obesity! I 'm actually _less_ suspicious
        | that calorie counts are an oversimplification after
        | reading what he citates as evidence against them; you
        | could make a pretty good case for diet being the _sole_
        | cause of increased obesity in the US from the references
        | he makes to argue it 's unrelated!
        | 
        | (Nothing wrong with the "lipostat" hypothesis he proposes
        | as the alternative per se, but moving the cause of
        | obesity onto "changes in how many individuals' bodies
        | identify satiation points and metabolise food intake"
        | doesn't result in a hypothesis which is independent from
        | how diet has changed, it just complicates the causation a
        | bit)
 
        | kaezon wrote:
        | Thank you for this citation! I've at least heard that
        | CICO was nonsense, but the author has done a fantastic
        | job researching the subject, breaking down common
        | approaches to weight loss, and studies which have
        | examined them.
 
        | gloryjulio wrote:
        | How is CICO nonsense...? Unless you are breaking the law
        | of thermodynamics, there is no way you could gain more
        | from what you eat. The best you can do is utilize 100% of
        | the calorie intake. It's physically impossible to gain
        | weight if you are burning for example 150% of the total
        | calories intake! The fuel has to come from somewhere.
        | 
        | The variation lies in different utilization rate, the
        | burn rate, and all other variables, but within the limit
        | of PHYSICS.
 
        | spywaregorilla wrote:
        | I don't buy it.
        | 
        | > 2.1 Calories in calories out is a bad model
        | 
        | True. It's insufficient. But it's not nothing. The
        | article later claims that calorie consumption has "only"
        | risen by about 20%. I find this take to be ridiculous.
        | 20% is a lot. If I eat 20% more, I'll put on weight.
        | 
        | Article also claims sugar consumption is down and carb
        | consumption is down so therefore they can't be the cause.
        | Yet in prior years we see an extremely strong correlation
        | between carbs and sugar consumed per person and %
        | obesity. Corn vs. actual sugar. Artificial zero calorie
        | sweeteners. It all adds up.
 
        | bb123 wrote:
        | Exactly! That's 400 calories a day for the average
        | person. Combine that with less physical activity and
        | you've just found the source of your problem.
        | 
        | We can even work it out: 1lb of human fat has ~4000
        | calories in it. If we assume that only 10% of those
        | excess calories actually end up as fat thats still 70lbs
        | of additional weight by the time you're in your mid 20s.
 
      | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
      | There's the beginnings of research that artificial
      | flavorings are short-circuiting our satiation response,
      | too. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8479585/
 
      | tartoran wrote:
      | That but also junk food and the industry pushing it.
 
      | Karawebnetwork wrote:
      | How does your theory explains
      | 
      | > and is also affecting lab animals fed controlled diets
      | 
      | ?
 
        | formerly_proven wrote:
        | How does a lab animal with a controlled diet get obese?
        | Thermodynamics suddenly not a thing?
 
        | paulmd wrote:
        | an increase in the effectiveness of absorbing calories,
        | or something in the food affecting their metabolic rate.
        | 
        | you aren't a blast calorimeter, the food you eat
        | obviously is not reduced to actual ash, so it's certainly
        | possible that there are changes in either the inflow of
        | calories _that your body is able to actually absorb_ or
        | that something in the food is changing the rate at which
        | you burn it. There are also various diseases and
        | syndromes that could affect either of those processes.
        | 
        | "calories in, calories out" is the only useful advice you
        | can really give to people trying to lose weight, but that
        | is not a scientifically rigorous position as far as the
        | sum total of hormonal and microbiome processes involved
        | in digestion and metabolism. Again, the food you eat is
        | not reduced to ash, and there can definitely be changes
        | in the processes involved.
        | 
        | And indeed that is what the facts show - lab animals
        | being fed controlled diets are now getting fat, as are
        | feral animal colonies, so it doesn't make sense to make
        | reductive and antagonistic remarks like "thermodynamics
        | suddenly not a thing!?". The scientific process has
        | showed you that your hypothesis is wrong, and it's now
        | your duty to re-examine your hypothesis and account for
        | the discrepancy. Maybe it's the study, maybe not.
        | 
        | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.
        | 201...
        | 
        | But to be similarly reductive - "what, do you think feral
        | cats are suddenly spending too much time at their desk
        | job?"
        | 
        | Feral cats aren't getting sugar in their diets, they
        | haven't reduced their activity levels, and any increase
        | in food supply should result in an increase in feral cats
        | until the population can no longer be sustained, the
        | predator-prey population cycle is as immutable as
        | thermodynamics. Why are they getting fat, if calories in
        | = calories out? Thermodynamics still works, right? So
        | what's your alternative explanation? Maybe it's... not
        | quite that simple?
        | 
        | The most worrying potential answer is that we've created
        | a variety of endocrine disruptors and those have
        | permeated our environments. They get picked up by
        | scavengers like mice and birds from our food and its
        | packaging, they get picked up by cats who eat the mice
        | and birds, etc. Potentially, they could end up even in
        | things like fertilizer or pesticides that get turned into
        | animal feed and fed to lab animals.
        | 
        | This is also potentially backed by other effects, such as
        | the continuing decrease in the age of menarche. Nobody
        | really knows whether it's tied to changing patterns of
        | exercise/weight, or whether those are _comorbid_ effects
        | from exposure to endocrine disruptors /pseudo-hormones.
        | It is definitely decreasing in societies where not
        | everybody is working a desk job and eating 3000 calories
        | a day but people _would_ be exposed to the chemicals
        | endemic to modern society.
        | 
        | Things like bisphenol compounds in receipts that we
        | handle daily worry me greatly. 100 years ago people still
        | had desk jobs, but they weren't handling thermopaper
        | receipts and then throwing them in the trash where rats
        | get them in the dumpster/etc. They weren't getting all
        | their food in plastics and BPA-lined cans (or whatever
        | the new compound they've moved onto since then). Food
        | wasn't packaged in wrappers lined with BPA, they used wax
        | paper. Etc etc.
 
        | Karawebnetwork wrote:
        | A lot of variables can make an animal or person obese.
        | Hypothyroidism for example will cause weight increase
        | even with a limited diet. Cushing's syndrome is another
        | that comes to mind. Growth hormone deficiency can also
        | cause increased body fat. The list goes on.
 
      | IanDrake wrote:
 
    | Terry_Roll wrote:
    | > 50 years into an unexplained epidemic of obesity and
    | metabolic disease that nobody has a clear explanation for,
    | 
    | I think you need to look at how the food has changed in this
    | time. For example, here in the UK supermarkets dont want pigs
    | with 1 1/2" of back fat so the farmer get the nutritionist to
    | make up a diet low in vitamin B5 because it helps to shift
    | the fat under the skin. Nett result, you have fatty organs
    | and marbleized meat as the fat remains else where in the
    | body. We can grow chickens in half the time it took to grow
    | them in the 70's, chemicals in the environment remain in the
    | body for years even lifetimes, pollution levels are at their
    | highest in a generation, people dont exercise like they used
    | to.
 
      | jnwatson wrote:
      | Right but it happens to our pets too.
 
  | rgrieselhuber wrote:
  | Eating a credit card full of plastic per year sounds totally
  | natural. Nothing to worry about!
 
    | kbelder wrote:
    | I'm sure we eat that much silica powder.. what makes a
    | granule of plastic worse? I'm not discounting the potential
    | problem of microplastics, but I'm not seeing a clear
    | description of what it actually does to a person. Embed and
    | raise cancer risk?
 
      | rgrieselhuber wrote:
      | For me it's about baseline assumptions. When I'm eating
      | food, I should assume that I'm not eating anything my
      | great-grandmother would not recognize as food.
 
        | rgrieselhuber wrote:
        | Amazing that this is objectionable.
 
      | filoeleven wrote:
      | Silica powder is basically inert. Plastics don't have that
      | same guarantee. Some of them are endocrine disrupters, like
      | BPA.
 
  | carlmr wrote:
  | >In these scenarios (0.15g and 0.3g) about 90% they estimate
  | comes from salt.
  | 
  | I tried to find this, but all I could see was that it would
  | mostly come from bottled water, shellfish, and plastic packaged
  | food.
 
  | tomthe wrote:
  | I can't take anyone seriously who publishes a pie-chart like
  | this: https://ars.els-
  | cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S03043894203199...
 
    | [deleted]
 
    | dredmorbius wrote:
    | You might care to state _why_ the chart is problematic.
 
      | chrisma0 wrote:
      | "Total number identified" is one of the pie slices, the
      | other slices are subsets of this slice.
 
        | dredmorbius wrote:
        | Fair enough, thanks.
        | 
        | The charts themselves would be better expressed as a
        | Sankey flow, perhaps.
 
    | palijer wrote:
    | That seems a rather arbitrary trait to dismiss a researcher
    | for. It is possible to be correct with flawed design choices.
 
      | tomthe wrote:
      | Yes, you are of course right. One shouldn't dismiss good
      | work because of some flaws. But anyway... this is a rather
      | silly pie chart and I wonder how this was able to pass
      | through multiple authors and peer-review.
 
        | kylebenzle wrote:
        | Can ANYONE actually say what is wrong with it? I see no
        | issue other than ascetically it could be better but it
        | shows the data correctly.
 
        | civilized wrote:
        | The popular conception of science is really outdated in
        | this respect. Peer review still matters, but most
        | meaningful peer review happens post-publication, not pre-
        | publication. People should not take published papers as
        | reliable statements of "what the science says".
        | 
        | Scientists are not going to expend a lot of effort on the
        | thankless work of peer review, taking time away from
        | their own careers, purely out of professional integrity
        | and the goodness of their hearts. And their competency to
        | do so is uneven at best anyway. What happens when the
        | people who wrote this paper review other people's data?
 
      | slim wrote:
      | that pie chart to the left is not poor design choice. it
      | demonstrates actual incompetency.
 
        | hex4def6 wrote:
        | Oh man. I was annoyed by the breakout of the second pie
        | chart which seemed needlessly confusing. But the left one
        | is worse for double counting everything.
        | 
        |  _And_ it has a typo! ( "Analys"[sic]). That doesn't
        | really bode well for how much rigor the rest of paper
        | had, either in its creation or review(s).
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | trzy wrote:
        | Why? The labels are given in absolute units but they are
        | correct.
 
        | wmeredith wrote:
        | One of the labels has a typo.
 
        | zamfi wrote:
        | The issue is that the pie chart included a slice for the
        | _total_ and then two slices for each of the two
        | components that sum to the total.
 
        | civilized wrote:
        | I didn't get it at first but you're right, it's
        | horrifying. They put the total and the breakdown into the
        | same pie chart.
 
        | svachalek wrote:
        | Yup. Something I wouldn't consider adequate work from a
        | 6th grader.
 
      | User23 wrote:
      | Honestly communicating your results is just as important as
      | getting good ones, and a junk chart like that is at best
      | gratuitously confusing.
      | 
      | I'd say everyone should have to read Edward Tufte, but
      | everyone has and it didn't much help. 90% of the Q&A at his
      | seminars is people asking questions that are variants of
      | "but I'm used to doing it the old bad way, so isn't that
      | really just as good?"[1] It was mildly amusing watching Mr.
      | Tufte grow increasingly exasperated realizing just how few
      | of his students had learned anything from the experience. I
      | imagine that was a big part of why he retired to become a
      | sculptor.
      | 
      | [1] My personal pet peeve is the obsession designers appear
      | to have with ensuring that there are no visible indications
      | of which part of their design is meant to be clicked on.
 
    | Agentlien wrote:
    | Is that because the "Consumables ingested" on the right side
    | looks like Pac-Man eating the other two categories?
 
      | Calavar wrote:
      | The pie chart on the left double counts everything. The
      | total is represented as a slice in the pie chart.
 
        | Agentlien wrote:
        | I didn't think anything of it at first but that is indeed
        | a strange design. Especially since the right part is a
        | breakdown of one of the pieces.
 
        | amelius wrote:
        | Probably a case of automatically converting an Excel
        | column into a pie chart.
 
        | hombre_fatal wrote:
        | That's what came to mind. And they simply selected a pie
        | chart instead of a bar chart, and it wasn't super wrong
        | because they were trying to show subcomponents of a
        | larger value.
        | 
        | Meh. Not worth the HN thread. It's like picking apart why
        | someone wrote code in a suboptimal/messy way when in
        | reality they just wanted to get something done under a
        | constraint, and the author would totally agree if they
        | were here to defend themselves.
        | 
        | Yet here are people saying the author can never be taken
        | seriously because of it.
 
    | throwaway4220 wrote:
    | You would probably never go to a doctor if you go to a
    | medical conference. The number of red spelling lines from
    | word you see on graphs would make you throw up lol
 
  | thrwy_918 wrote:
  | >In these scenarios (0.15g and 0.3g) about 90% they estimate
  | comes from salt.
  | 
  | I know nothing about anything, but could salt be heat-treated
  | to burn off plastic?
 
    | busterarm wrote:
    | This is one of the biggest claims ("no microplastics") made
    | about Korean bamboo salt...
 
    | jpindar wrote:
    | I think salt is heat-treated to dry it, but I don't know how
    | hot it gets.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
  | nice. >In these scenarios (0.15g and 0.3g) about 90% they
  | estimate comes from salt.
  | 
  | for a few years now we have switched to rock salt completely at
  | home. it's like 20-40% more expensive and we have to use a
  | hammer/grinder every month or so but we are doing that.
  | 
  | by reducing say 90% of the microplastics, is that.. good?
 
    | azinman2 wrote:
    | What makes you think that'll reduce it?
 
      | simmanian wrote:
      | In a lot of regions, "farming" sea salt basically means
      | pouring sea water on top of plastic tarps and evaporating
      | water. Over time, the plastic degrades and you get
      | microplastic particles in your salt. You also need to rake
      | these salt fields pretty heavily, which also generates
      | microplastic particles.
 
        | DoingIsLearning wrote:
        | Which is sad because salt "farming" used to be done on
        | clay soil near river deltas, which was a perfectly good
        | medium for this job.
 
      | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
      | i am thinking, most of the salt consumed comes from sea
      | salt that has those microplastics. if we use rocksalt, well
      | that microplastics wont come from seasalt.
 
        | [deleted]
 
      | PeterisP wrote:
      | Sea salt made from current seawater would include
      | microplastics from that water, but rock salt would not as
      | it was formed before these plastics existed. On the other
      | hand, various mines of rock salt may have all kinds of
      | other mineral additions that may be harmful for human
      | consumption, so most rock salt is used for e.g. deicing
      | roads.
 
        | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
        | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h23rF0xrhTE
        | 
        | historically this mine for example has been used to
        | extract salt for generations........
 
    | sva_ wrote:
    | I also switched to "Himalaya" (Pakistani) salt, hoping that
    | is low in microplastics.
 
      | lostcolony wrote:
      | A thing to note there is that there are plenty of other
      | contaminants possible (and found in studies) in brands of
      | pink salt (basically all pink salt is branded Himalayan
      | salt), at much higher concentrations than sea salt,
      | including lead. It also has no added iodine, which
      | depending on your diet and region and such may be a
      | concern.
 
      | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
      | yep. the exact same thing. i get to buy them in huge 5 Kg
      | rocks because its just a few hundred km away but that is
      | the reason.
 
        | Arrath wrote:
        | Honestly that's kinda cool. And I refuse to imagine
        | anything but a melon sized hunk 'o salt on the dinner
        | table, with a small hammer and chisel for those who want
        | to salt their meal.
 
        | sva_ wrote:
        | I think if you keep the salt exposed at the atmosphere,
        | you'll quickly run into the problem of it absorbing a lot
        | of water.
 
        | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
        | nah. we arent those kinds of brutes. we simply buy a big
        | hunk, every other month on a sunday spend time with a
        | hammer and break it down to small pieces. then use a food
        | processor to powder it
 
  | throw8383833jj wrote:
  | i knew salt was bad for you but this is nuts. Normally salt
  | isn't bad for you if you consume it in the right quantities <
  | 1500g/day. but, knowing it's got plastic in it, is troubling.
 
  | hammock wrote:
  | Why is there so much in salt?
 
    | Enginerrrd wrote:
    | Likely because it is derived from seawater which is swimming
    | in tiny plastic particles.
 
      | mrguyorama wrote:
      | My understanding that a significant amount of salt that is
      | not advertised as "Sea Salt" is still mined out of the
      | ground.
 
      | [deleted]
 
  | maxerickson wrote:
  | Yeah, If I remember right it is pretty much that if you can't
  | see plastic in the water you drink the assumptions that the
  | credit card/week is based on are wrong.
 
| devoutsalsa wrote:
| When I die, just throw me in the recycle bin.
 
  | asdffdsa wrote:
  | Your body has too much plastic; off to the landfill you go!
 
| macinjosh wrote:
| Nah, I have Apple Card so mine is titanium.
 
| 0atman wrote:
 
  | jacquesm wrote:
  | There is this 'caps lock' key on your keyboard, please press
  | it, once.
 
    | kuroguro wrote:
    | OH THANKS, IT'S SO MUCH EASIER TO TYPE NOW!
 
    | user_7832 wrote:
    | Do You Know That On Android (Using Gboard) You Can Select
    | Your Text And Tap Shift To Switch Between Lower Case, Upper
    | Case And Camelcase? Though Apparently It Only Works For A
    | Single Line At Maximum.
 
  | karaterobot wrote:
  | What you're yelling about is true: fishing nets, car tires, and
  | carpets are the major sources of microplastics, rather than
  | plastic bags and drinking straws, but you wouldn't know that
  | based on the public discourse.
  | 
  | I suppose the reason we focus on the wrong sources is that most
  | people can't brag to their friends about switching their
  | commercial fishing fleet away from plastic gillnets. Most of us
  | don't even have commercial fishing fleets. But, we can buy a
  | metal drinking straw and be seen using it, demonstrating
  | virtuous behavior in a conspicuous way.
 
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