[HN Gopher] RNA Takes Over
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RNA Takes Over
 
Author : _Microft
Score  : 70 points
Date   : 2021-12-07 17:17 UTC (5 hours ago)
 
web link (www.science.org)
w3m dump (www.science.org)
 
| divbzero wrote:
| Don't we have an advantage in studying RNA (or "junk" DNA) over
| proteins in that sequencing of nucleic acids is far easier than
| sequencing of proteins? Seems fortuitous for our research efforts
| that these nucleic acids play a bigger role in biology than we
| initially thought.
 
  | uplifter wrote:
  | Sequencing nucleic acids (RNA, DNA) is more straightforward,
  | though protein sequencing tech is fairly functional too, if
  | more expensive and complicated, machinery wise.
 
    | amacbride wrote:
    | There are some recent startups (Glyphic Bio out of MIT, and
    | Jonathan Rothberg's Quantum-Si) that are tackling next-gen
    | protein sequencing. I'm eager to see what they can do once
    | they're widely available.
 
| uplifter wrote:
| The trend of discovering biological purposes for what were once
| termed 'junk' DNA (which these RNA are transcribed from)
| continues.
| 
| In addition to the improved understanding of our physical nature,
| it will be exciting to see what applications are developed for
| targeting or tricking-out these novel cellular components for
| pharmaceutical and biotechnological purposes. They are sure to be
| significant, if our experience with the RNA tech employed in the
| modeRNA and Pfizer vaccines are any indication.
| 
| Personally, as someone who finished his biochemistry degree 2
| decades ago (and has mostly worked on the software side of things
| since), I'm excited for what we'll be able to do with fuller
| understanding of this molecular machinery, and plan to pivot back
| into biotech over the next decade.
 
  | UncleOxidant wrote:
  | It seems that we find more and more 'junk' DNA to not be junk.
  | Whoever was quick to label it 'junk DNA' did so in haste. It
  | would have been a lot more humble to label it 'DNA of unknown
  | function'.
 
    | 1cvmask wrote:
    | Well we did rename swamps to wetlands.
 
      | J5892 wrote:
      | A swamp is a type of wetland. They weren't renamed.
 
    | uplifter wrote:
    | You made me curious and some quick duckduckgo-ing led me to a
    | biologists involved-if-not-comprehensive investigation of the
    | origins of the term [0].
    | 
    | Long story short, it _probably_ dates to late 1950s Cambridge
    | and _may_ have originated with Francis Crick, co-discoverer
    | of the structure of DNA. Of relevance is that it preceded the
    | discovery of mRNA, dating to a time when all RNA was thought
    | to be ribosomal DNA. At that time the prevailing theory was
    | that DNA codes for RNA that is incorporated into the ribosome
    | (which then makes proteins). Because the amount of RNA code
    | in the ribosome was clearly much less than the amount of DNA
    | code in the genome, the implication was that much of the
    | genome did not code anything, simply as a matter of
    | mathematical difference. The term was controversial early on,
    | and it might even have been coined to be so, though that 's
    | less clear.
    | 
    | [0] https://judgestarling.tumblr.com/post/667709690372849664/
    | the...
 
    | smegsicle wrote:
    | "dark dna"
 
    | bigodbiel wrote:
    | IIRC it was in jest, and then taken as "serious" by
    | mainstream audience, like "god paricle" or "al gore invented
    | the internet".
 
  | ampdepolymerase wrote:
  | Molecular biology education needs more funding. Teaching it at
  | scale (and more importantly, communicating new discoveries
  | outside of textbooks) still remains a challenge. Keeping up
  | with the field without reading papers is much harder compared
  | to CS/ML where almost every ML engineer maintains a blog.
 
  | shigawire wrote:
  | I'm in a similar situation but a decade removed. I'm not sure I
  | even remember what I learned previously - how have you retained
  | anything after 2 decades?
 
    | uplifter wrote:
    | I try to read journal papers every now and then, usually when
    | investigating the source of some news story, or when digging
    | down into the molecular details of a personal health
    | interest. Somewhat contrary to the theme of TFA, I've found
    | that my 20 year old training has provided good mileage in
    | terms of understanding current research. Much of the
    | overarching theory of molecular biology hasn't changed in
    | that time, and a lot of the same techniques are still used,
    | if often miniaturized and scaled, e.g. microarray methods for
    | things I learned to do using blots. For when I find a gap in
    | my knowledge, modern literature search tech facilitates
    | digging down to find related papers that describe newer
    | theories or ones that describe new methods. Often I'll find
    | references to review papers which are essentially designed to
    | get one up to speed on a topic. If anything papers are easier
    | to access now than back when I was in university, _wink_
    | _wink_.
    | 
    | Oh, and there are definitely quite a few bored biochemists
    | contributing serious detail to select wikipedia articles.
    | With grain of salt in hand, I've found some pretty high
    | quality descriptions (in terms of detail and ease of
    | understanding) of molecular pathways peppered throughout
    | articles on various topics, which can serve as decent
    | starting points for diving into the literature on those
    | topics.
    | 
    | I'm a far cry from considering myself current on the latest
    | research, but I feel not too far behind and that I can catch
    | up quickly when needed.
 
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