[HN Gopher] Bar-tailed Godwits regularly travel more than 7,000 ...
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Bar-tailed Godwits regularly travel more than 7,000 miles non-stop
 
Author : mcenedella
Score  : 426 points
Date   : 2021-11-15 10:13 UTC (12 hours ago)
 
web link (www.audubon.org)
w3m dump (www.audubon.org)
 
| DeathArrow wrote:
| Animal equivalent of ultramarathons. Only difference between
| animals and human athletes being that animals are doing it on
| daily basis without trying to beat records or win something.
 
| rudian wrote:
| The surprising part is that we have a battery that lasts that
| long for tracking "in real time" and doesn't weigh the bird down.
| How's that possible?
| 
| The article mentions that is solar-powered, but even then how
| much power could it generate?
 
  | F00Fbug wrote:
  | Not much, but the design of these things is incredible. I spent
  | 20 years managing the operations for the ground processing of
  | this data in North America. We worked closely with the
  | transmitter manufacturers to certify them for use with the
  | system (https://www.argos-system.org).
  | 
  | Microwave Telemetry builds the smallest ones:
  | https://www.microwavetelemetry.com/solar_ptts The design and
  | manufacture of these devices is incredible. The guy behind the
  | company is an incredible engineer (and a nice guy)!
 
  | Reason077 wrote:
  | The tracking device is solar powered so presumably can get away
  | with a very small battery. They mention in the article that it
  | goes offline at times while the bird is resting because it can
  | be covered by feathers which prevent it from getting enough
  | sunlight.
  | 
  | That said, as if it wasn't impressive enough that Godwits can
  | fly over 8000 miles non-stop, it's even more amazing that they
  | can do it while burdened with a tracking device!
 
    | joe__f wrote:
    | I don't know how much this type of bird weighs, but I imagine
    | 5g for the tracker is a small percentage of its overall
    | weight
 
      | jacquesm wrote:
      | 4 Kg is only about 5% of the weight of an average adult
      | male. Now imagine that weight tied to different places on
      | your body. On your back it might not be a big issue, but
      | glued to the tip of one finger or maybe tied to one of your
      | toes it could effectively disable or immobilize you.
      | 
      | The weight isn't the whole story, it's how it is placed
      | that matters as well.
 
        | nickpeterson wrote:
        | It's a matter of weight ratios, how can a 5oz bird carry
        | a 1lb coconut?
 
        | bregma wrote:
        | It grasps it by the husk.
 
        | kijin wrote:
        | Distance of 70 feet or 7,000 miles?
 
      | OJFord wrote:
      | An African or a European bird?
 
      | gbil wrote:
      | from the link
      | 
      | >The transmission technology will continue to be of great
      | importance, as sensors weighing five grams are still too
      | heavy for many animal species: 70 percent of bird species
      | and 65 percent of mammal species, not to mention amphibians
      | or insects, cannot be equipped with sensors using the
      | current technology. The next generation of Icarus sensors
      | will therefore weigh just one gram.
      | 
      | This is just amazing
 
        | onychomys wrote:
        | And the really bonkers thing about many birds is that the
        | single gram will _still_ be a sizeable fraction of their
        | total body weight. Chickadees and nuthatches (and other
        | birds of that size) weigh somewhere between 10 and 15
        | grams, usually. Zebra finches are about the same. It 'll
        | be a really long time before we can put sensors on those!
 
      | jfk13 wrote:
      | According to https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-
      | wildlife/wildlife-guides/b..., the bar-tailed godwit weighs
      | around 230-450g. So the tracker would add somewhere around
      | 1-2% of its weight.
 
      | kwhitefoot wrote:
      | Between 200 and 600 g according to
      | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-tailed_godwit#Description
 
  | danw1979 wrote:
  | Article mentions a solar panel on the tracker, which seems
  | positioned to receive charge when the bird is on the wing,
  | because when the bird landed it's feathers covered it up.
 
  | tda wrote:
  | > Since landing in New South Wales, 4BBRW's tracker has
  | intermittently gone offline, which is common as birds rest
  | because their feathers can cover the solar charging panel.
  | 
  | So surprising you can run a GPS on a solar panel of about 1cm2
  | (my estimate), see picture in article
 
    | foxfluff wrote:
    | There are solar powered wristwatches with GPS.
 
  | shellfishgene wrote:
  | The Icarus trackers weigh 5 grams.
  | https://www.icarus.mpg.de/28874/sensor-animals-tracking See the
  | 'technolgy' sub headings in the menu for more info.
 
| georgekollias wrote:
| What do they eat and drink during that time?
 
  | Jensson wrote:
  | They don't, they burn fat and muscles during the flight and
  | lose a lot of body mass.
 
  | hypertele-Xii wrote:
  | Birds don't sweat, so they needn't drink as much as us.
 
| culopatin wrote:
| Am I the only one trying to wrap my head around the energy
| storage and sleep patterns of this bird?
 
  | _puk wrote:
  | Frigate birds power nap [0] so they can stay aloft for weeks,
  | and other birds have been seen to sleep with half their brain
  | at a time [1].
  | 
  | Pretty cool stuff! Have to wonder when this evolved, and
  | whether it could be mimicked.
  | 
  | 0: https://www.audubon.org/news/scientists-finally-have-
  | evidenc...
  | 
  | 1: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unihemispheric_slow-
  | wave_sle...
 
  | Markoff wrote:
  | they are just switching between parts of brain, essentially
  | running autopilot, sharks do same, soe it's not really THAT
  | impressive for bird to stay in flight for extended periods, 10
  | days is nothing spectacular
 
| standardUser wrote:
| I immediately smelled bullshit in the headline because surely
| they don't mean non-stop in the literal sense. An animal has to
| eat! But no, I was wrong, these birds fly 8+ days in a row
| without sleep or food (or a complete mental breakdown,
| presumably). Though I do find it odd the article doesn't discuss
| the food and sleep issue more.
 
  | jychang wrote:
  | The bird isn't flapping for 8+ days straight, burning calories.
  | They're soaring with their wings locked, more akin to a glider.
  | 
  | With lower energy use, lower food consumption is needed. No
  | animal can actively move their muscles 8+ days straight without
  | refueling.*
  | 
  | *[Citation needed], because nature loves to prove me wrong
 
    | dr_orpheus wrote:
    | "Unlike albatross or other long-flying seabirds, godwits are
    | active flyers, not gliders--their wings are moving the whole
    | time."
    | 
    | The article seems to indicate that they are, in fact,
    | flapping their wings the whole time.
 
      | adamrezich wrote:
      | how in the world do their bodies store so much energy?
 
        | dr_orpheus wrote:
        | Yeah, that part I'm not clear on. Some birds do rely
        | mostly on airborne insects for food. Another article I
        | linked in this thread had a note that swifts primarily
        | eat airborne insects and can stay aloft for 10 months at
        | a time.
 
    | [deleted]
 
| davide_benato wrote:
| mcenedella from TheLadders?
 
| omosubi wrote:
| There's an excellent episode of In Our Time from the BBC about
| bird migrations - absolutely fascinating stuff -
| https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08wmk5j
 
| streamofdigits wrote:
| Incredible navigation skills too, though not quite "perfect" the
| paths seem to have occasionally some fairly large deviations
| 
| Nature's benchmarks for economy of resources are still so very
| far ahead from anything human made
 
  | kvgr wrote:
  | Looks like after to Fiji it wanted to go to New Zealand and
  | decided mid flight to go to Australia :)
 
    | PedroBatista wrote:
    | Probably because of New Zealand closing airspace due to
    | COVID.
 
  | boudin wrote:
  | Could deviations be weather driven as well?
 
    | streamofdigits wrote:
    | could be, but it seems the correction signal only kicks in
    | once there is a threshold discrepancy. I guess studying many
    | such tracks could give some hints and correlated with what is
    | known about the physiology of how these birds orient.
 
      | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
      | The waves down there didn't look familiar, so the bird
      | decided to go back a little.
 
        | streamofdigits wrote:
        | or maybe there was something in the air that didn't quite
        | feel right :-)
 
| lordnacho wrote:
| > setting the world record for the longest continual flight by
| any __land bird__ by distance
| 
| What do they mean by land bird?
 
  | diroussel wrote:
  | Sea birds can fly for longer. For instance an albatross.
 
  | sva_ wrote:
  | I imagine compared to water birds, such as seagulls.
 
  | goodcanadian wrote:
  | One that does not land on water.
 
  | WithinReason wrote:
  | As opposed to air birds
 
| callesgg wrote:
| What type of tracking tech would they be using? Satellite uplink?
 
  | F00Fbug wrote:
  | https://www.argos-system.org
 
| chrisweekly wrote:
| Tangent: monarch butterflies routinely fly across the Atlantic
| Ocean, which (given their relatively tiny size and fragility)
| strikes me as an equivalent feat.
 
  | BrandoElFollito wrote:
  | I wonder if their size is not an advantage: if they start high
  | enough they can basically be pushed by the winds with a very
  | limited effort.
  | 
  | Nothing scientific here, just a casual comment.
 
  | q1w2 wrote:
  | They have a different extreme low-density advantage that they
  | only need to stay up, and the wind blows them over.
 
  | bedobi wrote:
  | wtf
  | 
  | I know this isn't an insightful comment, but
  | 
  | wtf
 
| noneeeed wrote:
| I'm constantly astonished by birds. They seem to be the ultimate
| evolutionary optimisers, which makes sense given their
| requirements. They seem to be incredibly efficeient with energy,
| weight and space.
| 
| It's not just physical feats like this, but the way some of the
| the corvids pack incredible brains in a volume and mass
| significantly less than other non-flying animals with roughly
| similar levels of intellegence (although I appreciate that cross-
| species intelligence comparisons are always difficult).
 
  | hawk_ wrote:
  | indeed
  | 
  | > males weigh 190-400 g (6.7-14.1 oz), while females weigh
  | 260-630 g (9.2-22.2 oz);
  | 
  | quite efficient, sentient automaton. on the other hand the
  | tracker we built keeps going offline because it needs constant
  | recharging :-)
 
    | richardw wrote:
    | And the bird has to carry the tracker around. Put a tracker
    | on me for 9000 miles and you'll get some complaints.
 
  | damagednoob wrote:
  | And these are the evolutionary traits that won. It's incredible
  | to me to imagine all the configurations of different traits
  | nature threw at this problem and all the sentience that was
  | lost in the process.
 
  | panick21_ wrote:
  | All animals that survived to this day are the ultimate
  | evolutionary optimisers that is why they still exists.
 
    | mynameisvlad wrote:
    | Evolution isn't "one and done", so really _most_ animals that
    | survived today are _the current ultimate version of
    | themselves_. Some animals are in the middle of evolutionary
    | leaps, and some individuals might have "bad" versions of
    | certain genes are a result.
 
  | jasonhansel wrote:
  | It's things like this that remind you that birds evolved from
  | dinosaurs (in fact, recently birds have been described as just
  | a kind of dinosaur, the only kind to survive the asteroid
  | impact).
 
    | mig39 wrote:
    | I've heard the term "non-avian dinosaur" a lot these days.
 
    | kijin wrote:
    | When the climate turns against you, efficiency is the one
    | trait that helps you survive with limited resources.
    | 
    | The big heavy dinos didn't have that. Nor did the
    | Neanderthals.
    | 
    | The problem with efficiency is that when you have more than
    | enough resources, you get obese very quickly. Like chickens
    | and modern humans. :)
 
| marlone93 wrote:
| Lots of people trying to compare our 10k-year old technology (200
| years if we talk about machines, even less if we talk about
| robots) with something that evolved basically with billions of
| trial/errors in millions of years.
| 
| At this point we should check which animal can travel as fast as
| a shuttle and go back and forth to the moon.
 
  | robocat wrote:
  | Is that a trick question: because humans are animals?!
 
| tpmx wrote:
| How did they make sure it didn't rest on a a ship or something?
 
| rq1 wrote:
| What's the record here? For instance swifts can fly for 10+
| months without landing.
 
  | FR10 wrote:
  | I just looked that up, very impressive:
  | 
  | > "They feed in the air, they mate in the air, they get nest
  | material in the air," [0]
  | 
  | > "They can land on nest boxes, branches, or houses, but they
  | can't really land on the ground." That's because their wings
  | are too long and their legs are too short to take off from a
  | flat surface.
  | 
  | [0] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/swift-
  | bir...
 
  | jacquesm wrote:
  | Albatros: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-
  | amazing-al...
 
    | kabes wrote:
    | No it's the Swift. The albatross does land on water, so
    | that's why the article states: without touching land...
 
      | jacquesm wrote:
      | Water isn't land though, is it?
 
        | dredmorbius wrote:
        | That somewhat depends on precisely how cold the water in
        | question is.
 
        | jacquesm wrote:
        | Hehe, good point. But for me 'land' means soil, though
        | I'll take landing on an ice floe or the North Pole as
        | land for the purposes of this discussion. I'm not sure
        | how far North/South the Albatros' habitat extends, but it
        | wouldn't surprise me at all if they went there too.
 
  | stef25 wrote:
  | Curious about how / when they sleep
 
    | Markoff wrote:
    | they sleep during flight, I think some/many fish/birds can
    | switch off parts of brain to be esentially sleeping while
    | autopilot works, sharks for instance, I guess for lowly
    | humans closest comparison would be sleep walking
 
| spaetzleesser wrote:
| I am not sure about these birds but some migrating birds reduce
| their brain sizes significantly during these trips. This saves a
| lot of energy.
 
| panick21_ wrote:
| People might be interesting in some research from NASA about how
| Birds fly compared to planes and why they are more efficient.
| 
| Albion H. Bowers was the Chief Scientist at NASA's Neil A.
| Armstrong Flight Research Center published some fantastic
| research:
| 
| On Wings of the Minimum Induced Drag: Spanload Implications for
| Aircraft and Birds
| 
| (https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160003578)
| 
| but here are some videos that get the message across:
| 
| 2014:
| 
| NASA's Albion H. Bowers - "Why Birds Don't Have Vertical Tails" -
| AMA EXPO 2014 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoT2upDbdUg)
| 
| 2018:
| 
| "Prandtl Wing Minimum Drag Update" - Al Bowers
| (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCwtcDNB15E)
| 
| 2021:
| 
| Fly with Birds: Meeting with Albion H. Bowers
| (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6oVXPkTnss)
| 
| We could massively improve our efficiency by adopting this. Its a
| shame that we are flying as much as we do and using so much
| unnecessary fuel.
 
| totetsu wrote:
| Got sick of the kite surfers in NZ and moved to Australia?
 
  | mirekrusin wrote:
  | There is also nice "oh shit, wrong way" squiggle after Fiji.
 
| daviddaviddavid wrote:
| For anyone wanting to fly along with the birds, the movie Winged
| Migration is truly stunning. It is shot in a very unique way
| where you really feel as though you're flying with the various
| birds. (Same director has another great movie called
| Microcosmos.)
| 
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pc_qpk2d-ao
 
| pytlicek wrote:
| Just WOW! I am very fascinated by how nature has perfected it, in
| some aspects.
 
  | akudha wrote:
  | The article says they don't glide, they are actively flying the
  | whole time. That is mind boggling.
  | 
  | Don't they need sleep?
  | 
  | How do they know to start on the exact same day every year? Fly
  | to the exact same place?
  | 
  | I am a bit jealous of the scientists who get to work with such
  | amazing creatures :)
 
    | anentropic wrote:
    | Pure guess, but maybe they recognise position of stars in the
    | sky? that could provide both calendrical and navigational
    | utility
 
    | krylon wrote:
    | I think I read something about some birds being able to sleep
    | with only one hemisphere of their brain at a time, similar to
    | dolphins. The common swift often spends months at a time
    | without touching ground.
    | 
    | And lots of birds perform marvelous feats of long-range
    | navigation, storks, for example, travel thousands of
    | kilometers each year to return to their nest for breeding.
    | 
    | They are amazing creatures.
 
    | diroussel wrote:
    | I would suppose that they don't "know" they just feel
    | compelled.
    | 
    | There are dragon flies that migrate from India to Africa. It
    | takes three generations to complete the round trip. So how do
    | they know? It must be just a feeling.
    | 
    | I guess that a long time ago when India and Aftrica were
    | adjacent parts of Gondwana land, the migration must have been
    | quite short. But as the continents drifted apart the dragoon
    | flies had to adapt to the longer route.
 
      | gonzo41 wrote:
      | Isn't it the same with Monarch Butterflies, they make the
      | trip from Canada to Mexico and it also includes a few
      | breeding cycles.
 
      | boudin wrote:
      | It is still possible to be knowledge that is passed on from
      | generation to generation one way or another.
 
  | jcun4128 wrote:
  | Yeah the design doesn't even seem like a gliding type eg.
  | albatross or something. 10 days, what is its metabolism like.
 
| Steltek wrote:
| Meta: The title of this post was different earlier this morning.
| The change doesn't quite conform to the rules, using a
| subtitle(?) rather than the actual title. But more interestingly,
| the bizarre bird name and lack of context actually makes it seem
| more clickbait-y, not less. Perhaps a title change striving to
| follow the letter of the law but not the spirit of it?
| 
| Caveat: I'm not arguing for another change or passing judgment. I
| just thought the change itself was notable. And bird names are
| ridiculous.
 
  | dang wrote:
  | We often switch to subtitles when they're less baity. It's a
  | legit source for an HN title. In this case I'd say it's far
  | less baity than "These Mighty Shorebirds Keep Breaking Flight
  | Records--And You Can Follow Along", which is kind of
  | embarrassing.
  | 
  | I agree with you that "bar-tailed godwit" is an invitation to
  | dumb internet jokes (a couple popped into my mind as soon as I
  | saw that), but so far the thread is mercifully free of them.
  | 
  | p.s. Here's a past explanation about all this, with links to
  | others: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22932244.
 
| retube wrote:
| How does the tracking work? So the birds are carrying a GPS chip?
| How is the location transmitted back to the researchers? - they
| are over the pacific for most of the flight
 
  | F00Fbug wrote:
  | Not GPS - the locations are derived from measuring doppler
  | shift over a handful of messages. If you know where the
  | spacecraft is, you can derive the location of the transmitter.
  | On a good day you can get 100-400m accuracy. Not close to GPS,
  | but good enough for tracking animals. I managed the North
  | American data center for www.argos-system.org for many years.
 
  | raisedbyninjas wrote:
  | Yes it carries a GPS receiver and transmits to a satellite
  | periodically. Most of the time, most of the tracker package is
  | turned off. It only weighs 5 grams.
 
| idoubtit wrote:
| It may be the longest distance recorded for a continual flight by
| any land bird, but it's not an extraordinary performance.
| 
| For instance, common swifts can flight continuously for months.
| They obviously accumulate a huge distance during this time, even
| when they're not migrating. They live in Eurasia, from Lisbon to
| Vladivostok. And they winter in Africa, south of Congo. I think
| Vladivostok-Harare is a longer trip than Alaska-Australia, but
| it's probably hard to put sensors on small birds during their
| migration.
 
  | darrenf wrote:
  | Came here to say something similar. Common swifts are amazing.
  | Quoting Wikipedia:
  | 
  | > _Except when nesting, swifts spend their lives in the air,
  | living on the insects caught in flight; they drink, feed, and
  | often mate and sleep on the wing. Some individuals go 10 months
  | without landing. No other bird spends as much of its life in
  | flight. Contrary to common belief, swifts can take flight from
  | level ground. Their maximum horizontal flying speed is 111.6 km
  | /h. Over a lifetime they can cover millions of kilometers._
 
  | ptha wrote:
  | I'm guessing it's being called extraordinary, because the
  | godwits are flapping continually rather than gliding to take a
  | break, from article:
  | 
  |  _Unlike albatross or other long-flying seabirds, godwits are
  | active flyers, not gliders--their wings are moving the whole
  | time. "It just beggars belief, really," Riegen says. "I mean,
  | though I 've known that for decades now, I still find it hard
  | to imagine how anything can keep up that sort of effort
  | 24-hours a day, without taking a break."_
 
    | hypertele-Xii wrote:
    | Of course, _the heart_ is a muscle many animals possess, that
    | never rests.
 
    | 83457 wrote:
    | Not gliding any/much is amazing.
 
| lifeformed wrote:
| Amazing that our state of the art technology is a fragile device
| that can fly for 30 minutes, while this ancient entity can fly
| nonstop, deriving energy from bugs and water, fly through storms,
| self repair any damage, has global navigation and local
| avoidance, and even can self replicate.
| 
| It's humbling to realize how far off our technology is in certain
| areas from competing even with insects.
 
  | imtringued wrote:
  | Building small robots is a pain. The commercially available
  | actuators are huge and not very powerful if they don't come
  | with a gearbox.
 
    | jacquesm wrote:
    | That's not the reason they're a pain. They are a pain because
    | friction doesn't scale down nicely.
 
  | jacquesm wrote:
  | I once read this bit and your comment reminds me of it: "As
  | life, cockroaches absolutely suck, but as technology they
  | excel".
 
  | hungryforcodes wrote:
  | Though to be fair to technology, it's amazing how it can track
  | a bird 8000 miles on just solar power, giving us a view of the
  | world no other bird will ever really have at the moment.
 
  | postalrat wrote:
  | Biology is basically alien technology that we've been studying
  | but can't figure out how it works.
 
  | dataflow wrote:
  | Let's give the technology 60 million years to be perfected and
  | then compare.
  | 
  | P.S. This aircraft flew from Japan to Hawaii in 118 hours
  | solely powered by solar energy
  | https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/solar-impulse-2-br...
  | 
  | (n.b. this isn't to dispute the awesomeness of birds.)
 
    | barney54 wrote:
    | Yes, and then they had to replace the batteries that suffered
    | "irreversible damage" and that took several months to fix.
    | These birds just keep on going.
 
      | [deleted]
 
      | Kye wrote:
      | Unless they hit one of our earlier attempts to survive long
      | enough to be as good as birds. I _hope_ new wind farms are
      | built with awareness of bird migration in mind.
      | 
      | https://www.fws.gov/birds/bird-enthusiasts/threats-to-
      | birds/...
 
      | kijin wrote:
      | Self-replication helps a lot. Birds suffer irreversible
      | damage all the time. They just spam the world with more
      | birds to replace the dead ones.
 
      | hammock wrote:
      | I'm sure the bird started the trip with a full stomach, so
      | that it had the fuel not only to power itself but also to
      | repair itself in flight.
 
    | rpastuszak wrote:
    | > Let's give the technology 60 million years to be perfected
    | and then compare.
    | 
    | Your point being?
 
      | rpastuszak wrote:
      | I really don't get the point of that comment, that was a
      | genuine question.
 
      | mynameisvlad wrote:
      | I mean, it's pretty clear what the point is. That we are
      | comparing a few decades of work with what is essentially
      | millenias worth of evolutions.
      | 
      | Of course our technology is going to lose, it's nowhere
      | near as mature as nature's.
 
  | foxhop wrote:
  | Technology will never replace nature, only augment. People who
  | think wrongly will be the destroyers of nature.
 
    | vimacs2 wrote:
    | I'd go a step further and say that technology is nature.
    | Humans just represent another way for nature to enhance the
    | permutation of new possibilities. For thousands of years, we
    | acted like the animal analogue to the fungal mattes that had
    | terraformed the continental landmasses to become livable by
    | plants hundreds of millions of years ago.
    | 
    | Everywhere we went, we planted intricately organised forests
    | of different plant species that then aided an enhanced
    | biodiversity of the fauna too. It's only recently in our
    | history that humans have turned from a proliferator of
    | biodiversity to a poison for it.
 
      | ninkendo wrote:
      | Humans have always been a disaster for the environment they
      | move into. We drove mammoths to extinction over 10,000
      | years ago. Australia used to have large numbers of
      | megafauna species which the aborigines killed off tens of
      | thousands of years ago. Humans would use fire to burn their
      | prey out of hiding (and destroying their habitat in the
      | process), then just move off to the next habitat once
      | everything was burned up.
      | 
      | Humans being a destructive force to the ecosystems we
      | depend on is definitely not a new thing.
 
    | dtech wrote:
    | Where are all the horses augmented by technology doing the
    | plowing?
 
      | dataflow wrote:
      | Well we _are_ destroying nature. And don 't forget the
      | whole "sustainable agriculture" movement, and recent
      | attentions brought to how plowing degrades soil, etc.
      | 
      | (Just responding to your point; not claiming the parent is
      | right or wrong.)
 
      | nawgz wrote:
      | Is this a trick question? The horse does not naturally have
      | a plough attached, as far as I am aware.
 
      | robotastronaut wrote:
      | I think in your scenario we're augmenting humans, not
      | horses.
 
      | obiwan14 wrote:
      | The horse or cow was not put there to plow our fields. We
      | just figured out a way to get them to do that, until we
      | developed enough to figure out ways to build more efficient
      | methods.
 
      | dredmorbius wrote:
      | The plough was meant to augment the nature of the soil, not
      | the horse.
      | 
      | The plough turns out to mine the soil, not augment it.
      | 
      | https://www.npr.org/2021/02/24/967376880/new-evidence-
      | shows-...
 
    | basilgohar wrote:
    | I am so glad to hear this statement from someone else. You
    | put into words a feeling that I have have struggled to
    | express properly.
    | 
    | A lot of folks look at the narrow window of time of their
    | life as evidence for very broad-sweeping claims and frankly,
    | I find that to be very arrogant, short-sighted, and
    | frightening. A lot of people with this kind of mindset are
    | now in high-power positions and making decisions that we have
    | yet to see the repercussions for, with the short-term results
    | they can show as evidence of their success and no concern for
    | the long-terms effects.
 
      | foreigner wrote:
      | My favourite is when they suggest replacing bees with
      | miniature quadcopters for pollenation.
 
  | obiwan14 wrote:
  | Everything we build is an attempt to replicate what already
  | exist in nature. How close we come is a function of our
  | expertise and understanding of the laws of life. As we
  | understand these things better, we'll be able to build objects
  | that closely match what's in nature.
 
| ricksunny wrote:
| Daily Mail seems to have covered a similar journey by this
| species last year, albeit slightly slower:
| https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8835459/Jet-fighter...
| 
| Still I wouldn't have known about either without the HN-posted
| article.
 
| pvaldes wrote:
| Is a Scolopacidae. This means that can't feed in the air and
| makes the voyage even more impressive. We have two similar
| species in Europe.
 
| 1-more wrote:
| Pretty rad that the bird flies so far that it has names in
| languages as far apart (geographically) as Russian, Yupiq, Inuit,
| and te reo Maori.
 
| 867-5309 wrote:
| from Alaska to New Zealand, as the crow flies, how does one
| "stopover" in Australia?
 
  | jhugo wrote:
  | By making a detour from the most direct route. Is this a trick
  | question?
 
    | [deleted]
 
| tudorconstantin wrote:
| At an avg speed of 34.9 mph, or 54.2 km/h. Impressive!
 
  | Y_Y wrote:
  | Laden or unladen?
 
    | danw1979 wrote:
    | I don't see how this is relevant considering the bird is
    | neither European or African and didn't stop in either
    | continent during its migration.
 
      | rudian wrote:
      | Sorry this isn't the argument department.
 
        | danw1979 wrote:
        | Yes it is.
 
        | OneTimePetes wrote:
        | This is not a argument, this is just contradiction.
 
        | [deleted]
 
    | werdnapk wrote:
    | Gonna have to lean towards laden as the bird was carrying a
    | tracker.
 
      | hypertele-Xii wrote:
      | Weighing 5 grams.
 
        | dredmorbius wrote:
        | That beats a coconut by a factor of 200.
 
  | smirutrandola wrote:
  | Well, that was faster than my last shipment.
  | 
  | Next time I'll send through a pigeon.
 
    | mirekrusin wrote:
    | Wait a second, how sure are we that the bird was not chillin
    | on cargo ship?
 
      | dredmorbius wrote:
      | Unless it was an aircraft carrier, unlikely.
      | 
      | The bird's average speed is 33 mph (29 knots). Cargo
      | vessels tend to cruise at about 18-25 knots, and many move
      | more slowly.
      | 
      | There's little direct traffic between Alaska and Australia.
      | Shipping lines are visible through their emissions trails,
      | as in this Nullschool link showing NO2 concentrations, from
      | May of this year. The long lines are shipping lanes. You'll
      | note these from Panama to New Zealand, tracking along the
      | Western US coast and Alaska along the Great Circle route to
      | Japan and China, and past Papua New Guinea, among other
      | notable routes:
      | 
      | https://earth.nullschool.net/#2021/05/01/1300Z/chem/surface
      | /...
      | 
      | The data recorders would also likely note any marked
      | variations in travel speed or direction. Again, ships tend
      | not to cover the routes flown by Godwits.
 
| nimajneb wrote:
| This is fascinating. Thanks for the link to read.
 
| wombatmobile wrote:
| As a human being, I find these feats of navigation and stamina
| astounding.
| 
| Human beings cannot do anything like this.
| 
| These birds are awesome.
| 
| Still, I find it peculiar and somehow off the mark to
| contextualise one bird's flight as a "world record".
| 
| In the bird's world, these are ordinary events. The only standout
| feature of that flight is that no human had witnessed and
| recorded anything more superlative.
| 
| It's OK that humans enjoy measuring things and celebrating the
| longest X or the biggest Y or the fastest Z. As I human, I get
| that.
| 
| What's less OK, and somewhat diminishing of the bird's natural
| majesty, is that if another bird were to fly 2% slower or less
| far, humans might shrug their shoulders and ask, so what?
 
  | lm28469 wrote:
  | > Human beings cannot do anything like this
  | 
  | We're quite good when trained, but the average diet/lifestyle
  | doesn't allow us to come anywhere close to our potential
 
  | e-clinton wrote:
  | > Human beings cannot do anything like this.
  | 
  | Yes, and birds are lousy coders. We all have our strengths.
 
    | kijin wrote:
    | They may be lousy coders, but they're quite good at carrying
    | data as per RFC 1149.
 
  | PostOnce wrote:
  | > Human beings cannot do anything like this.
  | 
  | Well, I've flown that far in a day, carrying a couple of
  | suitcases, but it took that bird a week and a half with no
  | luggage.
 
    | eCa wrote:
    | > Well, I've flown that far in a day
    | 
    | To be the nitpick: You have _been_ flown that far in a day.
    | On a species-level perhaps an equally impressive feat, but on
    | an individual level I'm more impressed by the birdie..
 
      | jjoonathan wrote:
      | If we're going to do accounting on an individual level then
      | a tiny fraction of individuals are responsible for flying
      | everyone else (and their luggage and their mail and...)
      | which is super impressive again.
 
      | zaarn wrote:
      | A human can fly on their own lift provided you accelerate
      | the human fast enough (bricks fly too after all). Not very
      | comfortable though.
 
    | pantulis wrote:
    | Also it was not carrying any liquids.
 
      | pc86 wrote:
      | So we're not so different after all.
 
      | mp3k wrote:
      | the breatharian bird
 
  | wefarrell wrote:
  | _Human beings cannot do anything like this._
  | 
  | The most comparable feat of navigation and stamina that humans
  | can do is sailing around the world alone. Some sailors will
  | sleep for no more than 20 minutes at a time scattered
  | throughout the day.
 
  | Karsteski wrote:
  | Human beings the best long distance runners on the planet. I
  | think that's awesome as well ;)
 
    | demosito666 wrote:
    | They aren't though, unless you start adding specifically
    | tailored constraints like the run should happen in a very hot
    | place.
    | 
    | A trained horse can cover 100+ miles per day with a rider, a
    | husky can run 100+ miles in a sledge, and they will probably
    | outpace humans. Not to mention that only a tiny fraction of
    | humans can even finish a marathon, which is no big deal for
    | most wolves or horses.
    | 
    | And camels and maybe ostriches will probably outrun us in hot
    | climate as well (but that I didn't check).
 
      | zimpenfish wrote:
      | > Not to mention that only a tiny fraction of humans can
      | even finish a marathon
      | 
      | Depends on the time constraints - I think a large
      | percentage people can finish a marathon within 12 hours,
      | even more if you allow up to 16 hours.
 
        | phonypc wrote:
        | That's walking pace though. Humans probably compare even
        | less favourably to other animals if you open it up to the
        | ability to walk marathon distance.
 
      | Sharlin wrote:
      | However, horses are uniquely good at endurance because they
      | have sweat glands all over their body, just like primates
      | do. (And that's of course one of the reasons we
      | domesticated them.) Almost all other mammals fare much
      | worse.
 
      | ejolto wrote:
      | A trained human can also run 100+ miles per day. The world
      | record is 309.399 km (191.879 miles) for men [1].
      | 
      | [1]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour_run
 
        | [deleted]
 
      | coldcode wrote:
      | Unless you let the human have a bicycle.
 
      | Karsteski wrote:
      | Hmmm that's fair. Well none of these animals have internet
      | and until they do, I'll continue to find humans just as
      | impressive
 
  | dghughes wrote:
  | Our ancestors would jog for hours to chase down prey. The prey
  | had to stop to pant to cool down which it couldn't do while
  | running. I don't know how long it would have taken but at least
  | a few hours seems like a reasonable assumption to wear down the
  | animal prey. Although I don't think even our ancestors could
  | jog for 239 hours straight.
 
    | [deleted]
 
    | iamben wrote:
    | Reminds me of the man vs horse races
    | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_versus_Horse_Marathon).
    | Man rarely wins unless the weather is hot.
 
      | Sharlin wrote:
      | To be fair, though, horses are uniquely good at endurance
      | compared to almost all other non-primate mammals. They have
      | sweat glands all over their body just like humans do.
 
        | j9461701 wrote:
        | what about dogs? They can cover nearly 1,000 miles of
        | rough winter terrain in under 2 weeks, as seen in the
        | iditarod. Or if we're looking at long distance travel in
        | hot environments what about camels? I think this "humans
        | can run down any animal with our endurance" stuff is
        | vastly overblown. We're above average, but hardly the
        | best on earth.
 
        | RandallBrown wrote:
        | A human can run down any animal on earth because we're
        | smart, not just because we have amazing endurance.
        | 
        | Animals don't realize that if they just ran 10 miles away
        | they would escape easily. They'll just run far enough
        | away that they can't really see us anymore. Then we find
        | them and chase them again. Eventually they get tired
        | because they sprint away and we conserve our energy.
        | 
        | A horse may be physically capable of running farther than
        | a human, but actually getting them to do that is another
        | thing.
 
        | echelon wrote:
        | Dogs can't do endurance running in the heat like we can.
        | Cooling is a limitation for most mammals.
        | 
        | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_running_hypothesi
        | s
        | 
        | Humans vs horses: https://slate.com/culture/2012/06/long-
        | distance-running-and-...
        | 
        | Cheetahs, wolves : https://www.businessinsider.com/how-
        | humans-evolved-to-be-bes...
        | 
        | We're really good at running.
 
        | kevinmchugh wrote:
        | Pretty interesting that all the counter-examples named so
        | far are those that have been domesticated by humans
 
        | lobocinza wrote:
        | Also the times are relatively close.
 
      | [deleted]
 
    | 10x-dev wrote:
    | I don't recall the title, but I remember a documentary where
    | an African tribe member would slow jog after an animal for
    | about 24 hours before the animal would get exhausted, so a
    | few hours seems on the lower end of the jogging requirements
    | for our ancestors, but am happy to be proven wrong
 
      | the-dude wrote:
      | Maybe they invented relay too.
 
      | pmahoney wrote:
      | There's Cliff Young's win in the 875km Westfield Sydney to
      | Melbourne Ultramarathon.
      | 
      | > While the other competitors stopped to sleep for six
      | hours, Young kept running. He ran continuously for five
      | days, taking the lead during the first night and eventually
      | winning by 10 hours
      | 
      | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Young_(athlete)
 
      | soedirgo wrote:
      | This is the one that I remember watching
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=826HMLoiE_o. Not exactly 24
      | hours though.
 
        | Lhiw wrote:
        | Humans can effectively run forever if it weren't for
        | needing sleep, or eventually, needing to replace fat
        | stores.
        | 
        | > Previous estimates, when accounting for glycogen
        | depletion, suggest that a human could run at about a 10
        | minute per mile pace, which allows existing fat stores to
        | be converted to glycogen, forever. The only limit to our
        | eventual mileage, therefore, is our need for sleep.
        | https://nikomccarty.medium.com/how-far-can-humans-
        | run-d5c97f...
 
        | js2 wrote:
        | There are regularly 24 hour races and I've done a few
        | myself. 100 miles in 24 hours isn't that hard. The record
        | was just recently set at 192.25 miles (309.4 km):
        | 
        | https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a37465691/sania-
        | sorokin-24...
        | 
        | There are also 48 hr and 7 day races. Sleep is necessary
        | somewhere between those two points, though two guys just
        | went 85 hours with basically no sleep:
        | 
        | https://www.bigsbackyardultra.com/
        | 
        | That's a race where every hour on the hour you have to
        | complete 4.166 miles. You get as much rest as the balance
        | of your time after you complete a lap till the next hour
        | begins. Most competitors complete a lap in around 48-52
        | minutes. The race continues until there is only one
        | runner left to complete a lap.
 
        | pkphilip wrote:
        | Then we have Cliff Young who ran 875 km in 5 days - at
        | the age of 61.
        | 
        | https://www.farmprogress.com/blog/cliff-young-farmer-who-
        | out...
 
      | jacoblb64 wrote:
      | You might be thinking of this documentary:
      | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0262452/
 
    | elb2020 wrote:
    | The book Born to Run by Christopher McDougall should probably
    | also be mentioned here. It has this theory as one of it's
    | central premises.
    | 
    | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6289283-born-to-run
 
| blackoil wrote:
| How would have evolution figured out this path/route? Also any
| reason why this long trip is made instead of flying to say
| California?
 
  | jasonhansel wrote:
  | Cost of living is too high there now.
 
  | q1w2 wrote:
  | Probably gradual optimizations in flying from Alaska, thru the
  | Aleutian islands, to Kamchatka Russia, to Japan, to Korea, to
  | China, to Taiwan, to the Philippines, to Indonesia, to
  | Australia.
  | 
  | In fact, going directly over the Pacific is only maybe ~30%
  | shorter.
 
| robocat wrote:
| I live in Christchurch, NZ, and so I see a variety of long
| distance travellers in the swamplands and estuaries, including
| bar-tailed godwits at the end of Southshore spit
| https://newsline.ccc.govt.nz/news/story/draft-godwits-arriva...
| 
| A huge amount of housing and infrastructure here wouldn't be
| allowed now, because when it was built it would have disrupted
| rare birds (or perhaps that is why the birds are now rare).
| 
| It does make one feel more aware of how the world is connected
| when you realise that migratory birds need to survive stopovers
| in other countries like China.
| 
| The birds also need to survive in New Zealand, where just a few
| signs and some social convention prevents dogs from attacking
| nesting sites (edit: or people disturbing them), and it would be
| hard to lock down the area since many people would strongly
| assert their rights to go there.
 
  | veb wrote:
  | I'm in Dunedin, but I didn't even know these birds came here!
  | That's amazing. Do you know if DOC or whoever are planning
  | anything to help?
  | 
  | People aren't allowed to go into the breeding areas on the
  | Otago Peninsula for Albatrosses, surely something similar could
  | be done for these?
  | 
  | I just wish our govt would assert more control in our EEZ from
  | illegal fishing. It's very saddening when you read articles
  | about how the adult birds get caught in the nests etc.
  | Yet the most pernicious threats to albatrosses today are not to
  | chicks but to adult birds. Along with other seabirds, they are
  | locked in a competitive battle with humankind for the food
  | resources of the sea--and the birds are losing. This is not
  | just because of the efficiency of modern fishing practices but
  | because fishing equipment--hooks, nets and trawl wires--
  | inflicts a heavy toll of injury and death.[0]
  | 
  | [0] https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/in-harms-way/
 
| adam-_- wrote:
| Lovely. My 2yo child really enjoys correctly identifying the Bar-
| tailed godwit (along with all the other birds) in this
| wonderfully illustrated book: https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/what-
| its-like-to-be-a-bird-978...
| 
| So, this title made me smile and think of him :)
 
  | FemmeAndroid wrote:
  | Thanks for the recommendation. I think my little one will love
  | this!
 
    | da39a3ee wrote:
    | Based on this subthread I was thinking of buying this as a
    | Christmas present for a young child. The first Amazon review
    | does somewhat call that into question.
    | 
    | > This is nowhere more evident than in the chapter on Touch.
    | Somehow without ever sounding vulgar, it concludes with a
    | hapless graduate student of the author masturbating an
    | African buffalo weaver in the name of science! The use of the
    | phrase "vigorous venery" in the description charmed me into
    | awarding five stars on the spot.
    | 
    | Not that I'm being closed-minded or prudish here; I'm open to
    | the idea that a book could work on multiple levels, appealing
    | to small children while also dealing with the difficult
    | subject of avian masturbation.
 
| whatever1 wrote:
| According to Wikipedia a godwit weighs ~0.5kg and it flew 7000
| miles. If my calculations are right we are looking at 1.5kwh of
| energy and 0.2 wh per mile?
| 
| Even if we assume that the bird is almost all fat and fat can
| store ~3500kcal per pound, the maximum stored energy is 4kwh.
| That gives us 0.8wh per mile. So we can safely say that the bird
| spent [1.5-4kwh] to do this trip.
| 
| Teslas that are very efficient are in the order of 200 wh per
| mile.
| 
| What the heck we have a lot of work to do.
 
  | anshumankmr wrote:
  | I suppose they could swoop down for a quick bite or two, right?
  | Some of these birds have a really good vision and can spot fish
  | easily from quite a distance and if they are flying over the
  | ocean, there isn't any shortage of fish there.
 
  | a11r wrote:
  | Even more incredible since the article points out that "Unlike
  | albatross or other long-flying seabirds, godwits are active
  | flyers, not gliders--their wings are moving the whole time." I
  | wonder if they can use the active-flying equivalent of
  | regenerative braking in favorable wind conditions to actually
  | generate energy while flapping their wings. Not sure if any
  | animals can generate energy while walking downhill.
 
    | arrow7000 wrote:
    | The body's only energy store is ATP, which you can't generate
    | from nothing
 
      | ajb wrote:
      | This isn't quite true. When muscles stretch, they store
      | energy like a spring does. But for very long, of course,
      | but if the cycle is repeated many times that's still many
      | times more efficient than not storing it. Don't know if
      | that applies here though.
 
  | queuebert wrote:
  | Godwits aren't carrying a bunch of fat mammals around.
  | 
  | Try normalizing by mass.
 
    | marginalia_nu wrote:
    | Mass isn't great either, due to scaling laws. Physics simply
    | behaves differently at different scales.
    | 
    | An ant can lift a hundred times its body weight, but if you
    | scale it up to human size it collapses under its own weight
    | and immediately dies.
    | 
    | You can drop an injection moulded plastic toy car a hundred
    | times its height into the ground and it won't even dent. If
    | you make a car frame out of the same materials and with the
    | same techniques it will likely fall apart before it's off the
    | conveyor belt.
    | 
    | If you make a scale model of a planetary, you'll struggle
    | getting it to start spinning around its center of mass
    | through gravitational forces.
 
      | gmax wrote:
      | a good explainer video for scaling of mass:
      | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7KSfjv4Oq0
 
    | whatever1 wrote:
    | A kilo of tesla cannnot travel a single mile. Half kilo of
    | this bird can travel 7000 miles non stop.
    | 
    | It makes no sense to normalize by weight because it does not
    | scale by weight.
 
      | [deleted]
 
  | dr_orpheus wrote:
  | Some birds also eat flying insects as a source (if not primary
  | source sometimes) of food. I don't know if this is true of the
  | godwit or not. For example the swift eats airborne insects and
  | has been recorded to stay up in the air for 10 months [0]
  | 
  | [0] https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
  | way/2016/10/27/499635084...
 
  | mr_mitm wrote:
  | I don't think comparing a car to a bird is a good comparison.
  | Compare the bird to a glider. The world record appears to be
  | 3000km without a power source (except for the launch,
  | obviously). Surely as a bird or a plane you can take advantage
  | of lifts, i.e. warmer air rising up, then just glide.
 
    | whatever1 wrote:
    | Wow that sounds insane. How much luck do you need to achieve
    | that though ? Can I consistently fly from point a to point b
    | using air streams?
 
      | spaetzleesser wrote:
      | It needs a lot of planning. You can't consistently do these
      | trips.
 
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