[HN Gopher] Egypt prepares to start move to new capital, away fr...
___________________________________________________________________
 
Egypt prepares to start move to new capital, away from the chaos of
Cairo
 
Author : wslh
Score  : 206 points
Date   : 2021-03-19 11:34 UTC (11 hours ago)
 
web link (www.reuters.com)
w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
 
| jjice wrote:
| Well I feel pretty dumb now. I have been wondering the name
| origins of the "libcairo" for a while now.
 
  | emanueldima wrote:
  | https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/cairo/2003-July/00018...
 
    | yesenadam wrote:
    | Luxor, "a Julia package for drawing simple 2D vector
    | graphics", "a high-level easier to use interface to
    | Cairo.jl", is so named because it's Cairo "for tourists!"
    | 
    | https://github.com/JuliaGraphics/Luxor.jl/
 
      | max_ wrote:
      | brilliant!
 
| ohduran wrote:
| Haven't this people read Seeing like a State?
 
  | voldacar wrote:
  | almost certainly not. that book would be like bug repellent but
  | for bureaucrats and central planners
 
  | DC-3 wrote:
  | These projects are usually driven by vanity not reason. They
  | don't always fail though - Australians may want to weigh in but
  | as far as I know Canberra works alright?
 
    | yesenadam wrote:
    | It was planned around 1900, and "the Sydney-Melbourne rivalry
    | was such that neither city would ever agree to the other one
    | becoming the capital. ...Eventually, a compromise was
    | reached: Melbourne would be the capital on a temporary basis
    | while a new capital was built somewhere between Sydney and
    | Melbourne."
    | 
    | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Canberra#20th_centu.
    | ..
 
| buro9 wrote:
| I mean... Egypt has form:
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of...
| 
| Althought it has been a while since the last move.
 
| qwertox wrote:
| I didn't know this was happening. So I went to Google Maps and
| checked it out, and it is a huge project.
| 
| I understand how Dubai and similar places get to expand so
| quickly, but this does not make much sense for Egypt.
| 
| Looking at what is being built, it starts to look familiar: huge
| city sectors which are multiplied in layout and construction
| style, a massive "design part of city once and reuse multiple
| times" like it so often is happening in China.
| 
| https://www.google.com/search?q=china+egypt+new+capital then
| yields the answer.
 
  | csomar wrote:
  | This is not the first time Cairo had a planned city. They have
  | lots of them, and they have been relatively successful in
  | attracting upper middle-class and keeping them there. The city
  | is unlikely to fail, mainly due to the large number of civil
  | servants / military Egypt already has (they are a 100m nation
  | after all). So it'll get a boost, and if policies are well
  | implemented, they can attract a few other millions.
 
  | sakopov wrote:
  | A $2.2 billion loan to a country with a concerning GDP [1] and
  | a third of its population in poverty is one way to expand your
  | reach. China is really busy.
  | 
  | [1] https://tradingeconomics.com/egypt/gdp
 
  | imtringued wrote:
  | China has a huge migrant population ready to move to any newly
  | built city. They can afford it because of the sheer population
  | size. Not to mention they already figured out how to build
  | functioning cities. Building a dozen more isn't a challenge.
  | Meanwhile egypt still has to pull itself up on its bootstraps.
  | A failed city would be a huge setback.
 
| Arrath wrote:
| I wonder if this will end up as much of a cluster as Canberra.
 
| [deleted]
 
| lisardo wrote:
| Brazil undertook a similar project and moved the capital from Rio
| de Janeiro to Brasilia in 1960. This was a big mistake. Brasilia
| is like giant robot very far away from the people and with no
| connection with society. Brasilia has the highest income per
| capita in Brazil and it doesn't produce anything. Rio Janeiro,
| the old capital, was left with no alternative and has been
| decaying ever since.
 
  | sarsway wrote:
  | To be fair its not like they are moving the capitol hundreds of
  | miles away inland. The new location is almost a suburb. Also
  | Cairo gotta be one of the biggest craziest urban jungles in
  | existence. Having grown organically since the beginning of time
  | basically. Not to say this isn't political motivated, but
  | sometimes is better to build up from scratch.
 
    | forinti wrote:
    | Brasilia could have been set up at Goiania, which is not too
    | far. But the president wanted it be be built at exactly the
    | centre of Brazil.
    | 
    | This certainly made it much more expensive as it was the
    | middle of nowhere and there wasn't any infrastructure there.
 
    | distribot wrote:
    | Kinda curious now, are there other examples of cities like
    | this? Rome? Jakarta?
 
      | umeshunni wrote:
      | Funny you mention Jakarta. Indonesia is also moving its
      | capital out of Jakarta
      | https://www.npr.org/2019/04/29/718234878/indonesia-plans-
      | to-...
      | 
      | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.000
      | 0...
 
      | ars wrote:
      | Jerusalem probably.
 
        | distribot wrote:
        | Jerusalem definitely has the age, but it's never struck
        | me as a place of intense urban activity. Am I wrong?
 
        | ars wrote:
        | Depends where you go. The old city maybe not, but head to
        | the rapidly growing neighborhoods on the edges of the
        | city, and construction doesn't stop.
        | 
        | They keep growing the city larger and larger. Leave for
        | 20 years and come back, and you don't recognize the
        | scenery anymore.
        | 
        | Actually that's true in the old city as well - there is a
        | huge commercial sector and it's very dynamic and alive.
 
    | Hankenstein2 wrote:
    | I want to echo this. I am stunned anything productive gets
    | done in Cairo. Flip a coin whether the traffic nightmare lets
    | you get to a meeting on time or even the office in less than
    | 4 hours.
    | 
    | I, probably naively, took this as more of an efficiency move
    | rather than political.
 
    | Someone wrote:
    | Also, the population of Cairo is growing by about 2% a year.
    | That means it will double in about 35 years.
    | 
    | Looking at
    | https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22812/cairo/population,
    | that's a slight slowdown from the 30 years it took them to go
    | from 5 to 10 million or from 10 to 20 million, and looking at
    | https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/EGY/egypt/population-g.
    | .., it may slow down further, but they need to build a lot of
    | houses fast to accommodate that.
 
  | mc32 wrote:
  | Indonesia is doing something similar for some of the same
  | reasons as well as due to subsidence.
  | 
  | Brasilia was hundreds of Km from the original capital, this
  | move is 45Km away.
  | 
  | It will probably produce some stratification but also relieve
  | pressure from Cairo.
 
    | fakedang wrote:
    | > relieve pressure from Cairo.
    | 
    | * relieve pressure for the elites in Cairo
 
      | mc32 wrote:
      | They expect to have six million people on the new city. If
      | six million are elite, then they have a pretty good ratio
      | of elite to commoner in Cairo.
      | 
      | Anyhow, lowering Cairo's pop by six million should make it
      | more livable traffic and smog wise.
 
        | Ericson2314 wrote:
        | Lowering population is _not_ how cities become better.
        | Building more floors and more public transit is.
 
        | fakedang wrote:
        | You're going to believe the numbers of what is
        | essentially a vanity project?
 
  | jkhdigital wrote:
  | Yes, one has to be astonishingly ignorant of history to think
  | that cloistering a society's leaders in an ivory tower will
  | result in long term stability and prosperity.
 
    | arethuza wrote:
    | The list of purpose built national capitals is actually
    | pretty interesting:
    | 
    | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purpose-
    | built_national...
    | 
    | Constantinople lasted over 1100 years.... and Washington
    | seems to be the capital of a reasonably prosperous and stable
    | country?
 
      | v77 wrote:
      | Ottawa, Canada wasn't purpose-built but was an
      | insignificant city meant to be a neutral choice of capital
      | between Anglo and Francophone Canada. This has also worked
      | fine.
 
      | raverbashing wrote:
      | Interesting list
      | 
      | Both the Canadian and American cases are not a relocation
      | that made it too far from the original place
 
      | cafard wrote:
      | Byzantium was a city for centuries before Constantine was
      | born, and a fine place to control the grain trade from the
      | Black Sea.
 
        | arethuza wrote:
        | There was a city there but it wasn't _that_ large and was
        | dramatically redeveloped after it became the new capital:
        | 
        | https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/making-
        | constantinople/
 
        | danjac wrote:
        | Not to mention being closer to the Silk Road trade routes
        | through Asia.
 
      | fakedang wrote:
      | Constantinople was a major port way before Byzantine times.
      | Calling it a purpose built capital is a joke. It was a
      | purpose-assigned capital though.
 
    | flycaliguy wrote:
    | This ivory tower has a lot of well planned security features.
 
      | riskable wrote:
      | As long as they're not inconveniences that make people
      | think, "why would I want to put up with _that_ every day!?
      | "
 
  | rayiner wrote:
  | The U.S. avoided this outcome for a long time, but it's in the
  | process of happening to D.C. too. D.C.'s median household
  | income was only slightly higher than the national average in
  | 2006. But by 2015 it was almost 40% higher:
  | https://www.washingtonian.com/wp-
  | content/uploads/2016/09/DC-....
  | 
  | Not surprisingly the Michelin Guide started handing out stars
  | for D.C. restaurants in 2017: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis
  | t_of_Michelin_starred_resta..... For decades, it ranked (in the
  | US) only restaurants in SF, NYC, and Chicago.
 
    | mjklin wrote:
    | Christopher Hitchens had a good piece on why Washington and
    | other politically-necessary cities are so insipid:
    | https://www.city-journal.org/html/search-washington-
    | novel-13...
 
    | acchow wrote:
    | "D.C.'s median household income was only slightly higher than
    | the national average in 2006. But by 2015 it was almost 40%
    | higher"
    | 
    | Isn't this just another way of saying D.C. is defined to be a
    | highly urbanized area?
 
    | cafard wrote:
    | Under Anthony Williams, Washington, DC, made progress on
    | improving city government. Under Adrian Fenty the school
    | reforms included an openness to charter schools. I suspect a
    | fair number of upper-middle-class households decided that it
    | was better to stay in the city and send the kids to Yu Ying,
    | Washington Latin, etc. than to move to Bethesda or Potomac.
    | 
    | The increase is probably driven largely by these people, who
    | 20 years ago would have been in Fairfax, Arlington,
    | Montgomery or Howard Counties.
    | 
    | And the area has always done fairly well. An uncle by
    | marriage had planned to move back to Long Island after
    | finishing up at Georgetown Law. Then he read that Arlington
    | County topped the list of US counties ranked by average
    | income for lawyers. He moved across the river and didn't look
    | back. That would have been about 1950.
 
      | ed25519FUUU wrote:
      | I'm willing to bet it's almost entirely more money being
      | made from contracting and lobbying. None of the people
      | living high on the hog in DC send their children to public
      | or charter schools.
      | 
      | How much has the federal spend increased in that same time
      | period? A lot.
 
        | showerst wrote:
        | I don't mean this as an attack, but do you live in DC?
        | The stereotype is actually that the very wealthy
        | lobbyists and contractors live in VA where the taxes are
        | lower.
        | 
        | There's plenty super-rich here, but they're not
        | particularly tipping the scales out of 700,000 people.
        | The rise of DC's wealth has largely been a huge influx of
        | young professionals in the past 20 years. Most of whom
        | are probably government-adjacent, but we're talking
        | people making 120k/year, not 10MM. It's the same pattern
        | as a dozen other big US cities over the past 10 years.
        | 
        | DC public schools enrollment is up 10% in the past 5
        | years, and DC Charter school enrollment is up nearly 30%.
        | 
        | https://dcps.dc.gov/release/dc-public-schools-enrollment-
        | sur.... https://dcpcsb.org/student-enrollment
        | 
        | Sorry I know i'm taking the bait, the lazy stereotypes of
        | DC as a non-city with a few zillionaire lobbyists just
        | irk me.
 
        | jfengel wrote:
        | An influx of young professionals and a consequent push of
        | older, browner folks out. A bunch of neighborhoods in
        | Southeast have changed character substantially in the
        | last couple of decades.
        | 
        | Not that places have to remain static, but these are
        | neighborhoods with a long and interesting history. DC
        | isn't just a government seat. It's a real city,
        | sandwiched between the Confederate capital and a
        | slaveowning but non-seceding state. That gave rise to a
        | unique culture -- including having one of the nation's
        | most prominent Historically Black Colleges and
        | Universities.
        | 
        | That culture persists and evolved, and it's worthwhile to
        | consider that rather than simply replacing it. Exactly
        | how to do that, though, is an ongoing challenge.
 
        | showerst wrote:
        | Yeah for sure. Hopefully we can continue to evolve ways
        | to share all the new gains, especially with people who
        | got pushed out who weren't property owners.
 
        | cafard wrote:
        | High on the hog by the standards of the big coastal
        | cities, or high on the hog by the standards of Midwestern
        | or Southern small towns?
        | 
        | A fair portion of the upper middle class, mostly "west of
        | the park" (Rock Creek Park) uses the public schools:
        | Eaton, Deal, Wilson is a common progression. And some
        | those who can use the public magnets, Banneker, School
        | Without Walls, Ellington. I am not talking here about the
        | really rich, whom I do not know, but about the
        | prosperous.
        | 
        | Yes, lobbyists, but there have always been lobbyist. Yes,
        | contractors, but the DOD contractors tend to be in
        | Virginia. Again, I don't think that there prosperity of
        | the region as a whole has changed that much, rather the
        | share of the region's prosperous who live in the
        | District.
 
        | rayiner wrote:
        | > High on the hog by the standards of the big coastal
        | cities, or high on the hog by the standards of Midwestern
        | or Southern small towns?
        | 
        | Does it matter? Coastal cities have been rich for a long
        | time. DC pulling away from the median dates to 2006.
 
    | 9935c101ab17a66 wrote:
    | What do you mean it's happening in dc? Are there plans to
    | move the capital? I think the two data points you provided,
    | while interesting, don't make much sense on their own.
 
      | SllX wrote:
      | No but some Departments are moving more of their
      | bureaucracy out of the capital to avoid paying higher
      | salaries in a higher cost of living area.
 
        | madenine wrote:
        | ...and as a part of a deliberate effort to reduce the
        | size and effectiveness of government agencies.
        | 
        | If you relocate a government agency HQ to an area that
        | doesn't have any competitive jobs, you're making it more
        | difficult for that agency to attract and retain tallent.
        | 
        | Just by moving the office in the first place you'll
        | hemorrhage experienced personnel who don't want to move
        | their lives across the country.
        | 
        | To proponents - that's a feature not a bug. Less
        | effective regulation (and eventually deregulation) being
        | the goal.
 
        | rhino369 wrote:
        | Talented people are in DC for the jobs, not the other way
        | around.
        | 
        | If my wife's job got moved to a more affordable place,
        | I'd love to leave.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | bpodgursky wrote:
        | This is wildly overstated. The big example here is the
        | Department of Agriculture moving headquarters to Kansas
        | City.
        | 
        | But... that's also much closer to the _people they are
        | actually regulating_. And if you think Kansas City isn 't
        | a "real city" able to attract competent bureaucrats, you
        | are way too deep in the swamp.
 
    | softwaredoug wrote:
    | Not sure it's the same, DC is effectively part of a connected
    | set of Northeastern US cities starting in Boston (or NYC) and
    | going down to DC. So there's a lot of cultural linkages and
    | travel between those areas. It's not in the middle of nowhere
    | disconnected from society.
 
      | throwaway0a5e wrote:
      | To play devil's advocate DC is more a part of the urban DMV
      | area than it is anything else and most of middle America
      | and the south (and a sizeable minority on the west coast)
      | would argue that both the DMV and the northeast corridor
      | are disconnected societies from the rest of the country.
 
        | andybak wrote:
        | DMV?
 
        | 5555624 wrote:
        | I'm not sure who first used it; but, millennials and
        | other young people started using the term about 15 years
        | or so ago to refer to the Washington DC metro area --
        | District Maryland Virginia. The local media picked up on
        | it and started using it. Old farts like me still think
        | "Division of Motor Vehicles."
 
        | ericmay wrote:
        | I hadn't heard that term before either. Always just
        | (maybe incorrectly) referred to the greater area is NoVa.
 
        | showerst wrote:
        | NoVa is specifically the northern Virginia part, people
        | here wouldn't consider that to include any of DC or
        | Maryland.
 
        | softwaredoug wrote:
        | DC - Maryland - Virginia. Basically Northern Virginia to
        | Baltimore as one larger metro area.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | ceilingcorner wrote:
        | D.C. Maryland Virginia
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | yardie wrote:
        | DC, Maryland, Virginia. The 3 share common borders and
        | most of the DC politicians and workers actually live in
        | the 2 states. It's only fairly recent that having a
        | residence in DC became fashionable.
 
        | cool_dude85 wrote:
        | DC, Maryland, Virginia. Really as far as I know it just
        | means like DC and its various exurbs. Not sure if even
        | Baltimore is considered in the DMV.
 
        | jcranmer wrote:
        | Baltimore is a very distinct city with a distinct
        | identity, although the border between DC suburbs and
        | Baltimore suburbs is kind of vague; I wouldn't consider
        | Baltimore part of the DC area.
        | 
        | My general cut of it would be Frederick - Leesburg -
        | (follow US 15 south) - Gainsville - Quantico - La Plata -
        | Waldorf - Bowie - Laurel - back to Frederick, although
        | I'm not high confidence of the cuts on the MD side of the
        | line.
 
        | mncharity wrote:
        | It does look like that maybe cuts MD tighter than VA: htt
        | ps://app.traveltime.com/search/0-lng=-77.03656&0-tt=45&0-
        | ...
 
        | jcranmer wrote:
        | As my sibling comment points out, VA sprawled a lot
        | further than MD did. The US-15/Quantico line in the VA is
        | really quite close to the boundary between suburban
        | sprawl and true rural. Cross the Potomac, and you cross
        | from sprawl on the VA side to rural lands on the MD side:
        | the western and northern reaches of Montgomery County are
        | definitely rural, similarly for the southern reaches of
        | Prince George's County.
        | 
        | An additional factor to consider in the DC area is that
        | the DC central business district is relatively weak
        | compared to other major jobs centers: Arlington, VA (just
        | across the river) has hefty job concentration, as does
        | the Dulles-Tysons corridor; on the MD side, there's an
        | additional jobs concentration on Rockville-Bethesda.
        | 
        | The final factor is of course the Baltimore-Washington
        | divide. As you head northwest in MD, more people start
        | commuting to Baltimore instead of Washington. So instead
        | of there being a relatively clean sprawl/rural divide you
        | can point to as a boundary, there is instead a more or
        | less continuous sprawl that transitions from DC suburbs
        | to Baltimore suburbs, and the mixing zone (particularly
        | the Laurel-Columbia belt) is more accurately a suburb of
        | both rather than one or the other.
 
        | jfengel wrote:
        | Virginia wanted to grow its exurbs, and Maryland didn't.
        | Virginia created a lot of large houses on former
        | farmland, where Maryland preserved more of it.
        | 
        | Maryland also did a better job of spreading out its
        | employers. A lot of those Virginia exurbs still commute
        | into DC, or at least Northern Virginia, making traffic a
        | nightmare, at least during rush hour.
        | 
        | Another thing that slightly confuses that map: Virginia
        | has much better arteries into DC. You get into DC from
        | the south on I-395 and I-66, and they take you all the
        | way downtown. Maryland has only surface streets. (It was
        | supposed to have I-95 connecting straight through the
        | city to join up with I-395, and I-595 where New York
        | Avenue is, but that would have destroyed a lot of
        | neighborhoods in exactly the way they were destroyed in
        | building 66 and 395.)
        | 
        | That means that there's a fair bit of Virginia that is
        | technically 45 minutes away from the center of the city,
        | but not during rush hour. The 45 minute line in Maryland
        | is pretty close in, but the 1 hour line turns out to be
        | quite broad, because you can reach it on Maryland's
        | interstates that flow pretty freely (parts of it, even
        | during rush hour).
        | 
        | Of course you really should be taking public transport,
        | except during a pandemic. The driving and parking are
        | both horrible.
 
        | riskable wrote:
        | In my head every time I see that acronym I think,
        | "Department of Motor Vehicles" but in this context it
        | means:
        | 
        | DC - Maryland - Virginia
        | 
        | aka "The greater Washington, DC metro area"
 
        | acjohnson55 wrote:
        | Is DC any more different from middle America than any
        | city is from distant rural areas? Take NYC vs Upstate or
        | Chicagoland vs Southern Illinois. Or even Louisville-
        | Frankfort-Lexington vs rural Kentucky.
 
        | jfengel wrote:
        | Less so, arguably. Although DC is part of the Boston-New
        | York-Washington corridor, it has a thriving culture that
        | originated with the migration of black people out of the
        | south. It is in no sense a rural culture, but it has
        | roots and relatives in rural parts all over the south.
 
        | rhino369 wrote:
        | Lack of good BBQ in the district calls into question its
        | southern roots :)
 
        | jfengel wrote:
        | Sadly, it's not a great BBQ town. A buncha years ago the
        | Washington Post ran a contest for a local food, and they
        | best they could come up with was the half-smoke. Though I
        | suppose you could put some mumbo sauce on it.
 
        | khuey wrote:
        | 1 in 6 Americans live somewhere in the Northeast corridor
        | so it can't be _that_ disconnected. There 's plenty in
        | common with the other large urban centers too.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | showerst wrote:
        | Almost 1/3 of the US population lives within about day's
        | drive of DC -
        | https://www.statsamerica.org/radius/big.aspx. That's
        | pretty central given how spread out America is. You could
        | certainly argue that they're culturally different from
        | places like the midwest, but I don't think 'disconnected
        | society' makes sense when they're such a substantial
        | fraction of the total.
        | 
        | [1] Let's say a day's drive is around 400 miles, since if
        | you go north traffic is rough.
 
        | idiotsecant wrote:
        | The US is a large and diverse country, no matter where
        | you put the capital it will be in a society disconnected
        | from the rest of the country. You could build the capital
        | in a corn field in ohio and it would be culturally
        | disconnected from the coastal areas which, importantly,
        | is also where most of the people live.
 
        | ceilingcorner wrote:
        | Only about 40% of the population lives in a coastal
        | county.
 
        | matwood wrote:
        | Are you defining coastal county as a county with at least
        | one border on the coast? That's pretty misleading, as
        | someone could live a 1/2 hour from the beach and not be
        | in a coastal county. But, I think most people including
        | that person, would consider themselves to be living on
        | the coast.
 
        | jonwachob91 wrote:
        | YUP! I live in Orlando FL, a city with no county boarders
        | on the ocean. Orlando is 1 of 2 "inland" cities in the
        | state (the other being Gainesville), but I drive 35m east
        | and I'm at a beach on The Atlantic Ocean, or I can drive
        | 90m west and be at a beach on the Gulf of Mexico. We are
        | definitely a coastal city even if we aren't a coastal
        | city :)
 
        | dragonwriter wrote:
        | > Only about 40% of the population lives in a coastal
        | county
        | 
        | Counties have a variety of shapes and sizes, so that
        | doesn't really tell you proximity to the coast, but a
        | majority of the population lives within 50 miles of the
        | coasts.
 
        | riskable wrote:
        | "Coastal counties" is super misleading. About 82% of the
        | US population lives in coastal states and that figure
        | goes up a little bit every year.
 
        | throwaway0a5e wrote:
        | Coastal states is a hell of a lot more misleading than
        | "coastal counties"
        | 
        | The people of Bangor Maine and Buffalo NY have a hell of
        | a lot more in common with the people of Cincinnati Ohio
        | than they do with the people of Portland Maine and NYC.
        | 
        | On the west coast the "wealthy urban and suburban areas
        | on the coast" vs "literally everywhere else" difference
        | is even more stark. And I'm not talking about just the
        | urban vs rural divide. The people of secondary cities
        | resent being ruled by the interests of the major
        | metropolitan areas as much as the rural folks do.
 
        | OldHand2018 wrote:
        | What is a coastal state?
        | 
        | Nearly 100% of Michigan is 150 miles or less from an
        | international border that is in navigable waters. Is it a
        | coastal state?
 
        | rafram wrote:
        | No, because nobody talks about the "north coast."
 
        | dragonwriter wrote:
        | Yes, the great lakes are usually included as coasts (when
        | not included, their exclusion is typically explicitly
        | noted.)
 
        | OldHand2018 wrote:
        | Exactly. I got downvoted unfortunately, which means that
        | at least someone thought it was a ridiculous question.
        | It's not.
        | 
        | Navigable Waters of the United States has a specific
        | legal definition [1] and it has nothing to do with
        | whether it's salt water or fresh water. So the question
        | of whether a particular state is "coastal" based on
        | proximity to salt water a valid question!
        | 
        | [1] https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/33/2.36
 
        | pchristensen wrote:
        | Ah, the snobby, coastal elite cities of El Paso,
        | Amarillo, and Fairbanks :)
        | 
        | Cities/MSAs are the drivers of cultural identification in
        | America, much less so than states.
 
  | TheRealWatson wrote:
  | When you put it like this it sounds like Brasilia doesn't have
  | any life or non-government people living there. Over the last
  | few decades Brasilia has changed a lot and it is considered by
  | many a good place to live. It also has developed suburbs
  | (satellite cities) in its vicinity, just like any other major
  | metropolitan area in the country.
 
  | throwaway0a5e wrote:
  | To be fair, this is a much smaller move. It's like Wall St.
  | moving to Warren NJ. I suspect new development will just fill
  | in the middle.
 
  | [deleted]
 
| christkv wrote:
| Useful to avoid the mob and easy to defend militarily I guess.
 
  | programmertote wrote:
  | That is likely the main reason. In Myanmar, they did the same a
  | little over a decade ago. By moving up north to a newly built
  | city with 20-lane highway and lots of bunkers to hide (I only
  | saw photos of them being built and they are most likely for the
  | military government and their families to hide out before they
  | move away if something happens), the military thinks it can buy
  | some time and defend better in case of civil war or foreign
  | invasion.
 
    | james_pm wrote:
    | This project literally is the foreign invasion.
    | 
    | > Some international financing has been secured for rail
    | links, and a $3 billion Chinese loan has helped fund the
    | business district, built by China State Construction
    | Engineering Corp (CSCEC).
 
      | yhoneycomb wrote:
      | When the west does it - aid, human rights, charity work
      | 
      | When the east does it - foreign invasion
 
        | ReadFList wrote:
        | When the west does it - Colonization When the east does
        | it - Charitable Chinese living to Communist ideals,
        | totally not trying to subjugate a country economically
        | when they can't pay back loans.
        | 
        | It's actually a bit of both.
 
| arthurcolle wrote:
| I was curious what it's name is, but apparently it's still
| unnamed. Maybe they should just call it "New Administrative
| Capital" forever!
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Administrative_Capital
 
  | AmericanChopper wrote:
  | Egyptia sounds good.
 
| ivanvanderbyl wrote:
| Here's an video overview of the project and all three stages of
| development. The yet unnamed City is expected to be finished in
| 2050. B1M https://youtu.be/P0fkucDtTRE
 
| JoeAltmaier wrote:
| Been tried in Egypt before. Didn't last.
 
  | mprovost wrote:
  | Sure, Alexandria was only the capital for 973 years.
 
    | JoeAltmaier wrote:
    | Conveniently forgetting the other 18 capitols in ancient
    | times, that lasted just a Pharaoh or two (including Thebes 3
    | times). And then the 4 'modern' capitols.
 
| jillesvangurp wrote:
| Just entertained myself staring at some Google maps satellite
| imagery. I'm not sure how up to date that is. But a couple of
| observations:
| 
| - This certainly is a huge scale setup. Very ambitious.
| 
| - From a transport point of view, it looks like this is
| accessible by car only. Lots of highways; large distances, etc.
| 
| - It looks like it is obviously designed to keep "undesirables"
| out. It looks like an easy to defend by design very exclusive
| large scale resort. As others are pointing out; that probably is
| no accident.
| 
| - I know megalomania when I see it. This is definitely looks like
| it. But then all the great capitals in the world have some of
| that in their history. I've been to Rome, Washington, Paris, etc.
| And I live on what got built on the ruins of the Third Reich
| (Berlin). Same deal, different eras. So, who are we to blame the
| Egyptians for a bit of megalomania? The ultimate in megalomania
| is probably the nearby pyramids. And they remain a popular
| tourist destination.
| 
| - It's a desert. Presumably it gets warm there. Is that even
| going to stay livable in the next decades? E.g. the Saudi's are
| planning to move some of their cities to more coastal regions. I
| guess AC is not going to be optional there. But still, it does
| not look like a pleasant place to hang out. I guess, they can
| desalinate water and pump it inland to green up the area a bit
| and keep it cool. That would be an interesting project in it self
| and an interesting use of e.g. clean plentiful energy potential
| the country definitely has.
| 
| - This looks like some serious spending is happening. And given
| the local kleptocracy; one wonders who is getting rich here. And
| given the warm relationships with e.g. the US also who benefits
| over there? Following the money often yields interesting results.
 
  | AdrianB1 wrote:
  | The desert part can be a positive. I lived in Jordan when I was
  | a kid and the coast (Aqaba) weather was worse than the desert:
  | at Aqaba the humidity made the heat much harder to support,
  | while in the north (Amman) it was dry and more pleasant and my
  | skin and t-shirt were always dry.
  | 
  | Also in the desert solar energy is plenty and cheap, with many
  | sunny days. That energy powers the AC that is needed in that
  | region no matter what.
 
  | ricardobeat wrote:
  | Indeed it's quite sad to see a whole new city built from
  | scratch, and designed to car-centric models from the 60s.
  | Cramped buildings with little space for life to happen, wide
  | crossroads. A 10km block of grass does not alleviate those
  | problems.
 
| vondur wrote:
| Indonesia is also moving their capital. I think the fact that
| Jakarta is sinking has much to do with that decision.
 
| skywritergr wrote:
| In Greece Athens wasn't always the capital. For a brief moment of
| time the capital was in the city of Nafplion.
| 
| https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafplio
 
| tazjin wrote:
| Just a minor comment (I currently live in Egypt):
| 
| > Control centres will monitor infrastructure and security
| electronically, roofs will be covered in solar panels, payments
| will be cashless
| 
| Good luck with that - a huge number of places don't even put
| prices up because everything is negotiable and cash is king. If
| they only want the kind of Western-style stores with explicit
| prices in this area, then this could be restated as "we don't
| want the poor part of our population here".
| 
| Cairo (and to larger degree, Giza) have a very intense, unique
| feel inside the city and I don't think this move will change
| anything about that.
 
  | riskable wrote:
  | Hey now... Just because a payment is cashless doesn't mean you
  | can't haggle the price down. I've been in plenty of shops where
  | you bring the item to the counter and the cashier enters the
  | price directly into the register. No bar code necessary!
  | 
  | Even if you use a barcode there's no reason why the price can't
  | be entered in directly or modified at the behest of the
  | cashier. In the West we just don't trust our cashiers enough to
  | do that sort of thing so we lock out that power ("Manager
  | assistance needed at isle four!").
  | 
  | What the world needs right now is cashless payments that don't
  | have absurd (>0.1%) transaction fees. I used to work at First
  | Data (largest credit card processor) and you know how much it
  | costs them to execute a credit card transaction? NOTHING. It's
  | literally nothing.
  | 
  | It's not even a factor of, "we have this many servers in this
  | many data centers and here's how much the electricity costs,
  | divided by the total number of transactions in a given day."
  | Why? Because every customer that uses First Data still pays a
  | _monthly fee_ that more than makes up for the cost of all the
  | employees, data centers, software, etc etc.
  | 
  | If all First Data ever collected was that monthly fee they'd
  | still be profitable (assuming all they did was handle credit
  | card transactions).
 
    | maya24 wrote:
    | A majority of credit card fees goes to the issuing bank. Like
    | a huge percentage of it. Visa and credit card processors take
    | a much smaller percentage relative to the banks.
 
      | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
      | Yes - the banks then hand a substantial portion of these
      | fees back to the customer via credit card rewards.
      | 
      | We have a bizarre system where retailers mark everything up
      | an extra 2%, to give their more well-off customers (that
      | pay with decent credit cards) an effective 2% discount and
      | the ability to dispute charges.
      | 
      | I think retailers would love a new system with less
      | transaction fees, but banks definitely would not, and some
      | customers may not either if it means sacrificing their
      | credit card rewards and perks.
 
    | tazjin wrote:
    | There's still more to this than just having payment
    | infrastructure.
    | 
    | People need to have cards, the cards need to have money on
    | them - both of these are already assumptions that aren't
    | guaranteed to hold for a lot of people.
 
      | Aperocky wrote:
      | Moving to cellphone payments is actually easier than having
      | cards though.
 
        | tazjin wrote:
        | Cell networks are only semi-reliable here, a significant
        | portion of people don't use smart phones (or really care
        | about their phones), and that also needs to be linked to
        | some electronic "value store".
        | 
        | Sure, it's possible to overcome all of these things in
        | theory - but at what benefit to the population? Cashless
        | payments are not a goal in and of themselves.
 
        | subsaharancoder wrote:
        | You don't need a smartphone to enable cellphone financial
        | transactions, check out Kenya's Safaricom Mpesa
        | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Pesa which is SIM card
        | based, doesn't use any data, has the option of using USSD
        | or Mobile App. It's already available in Egypt.
 
        | warkdarrior wrote:
        | What do University of South Sudan denars have to do with
        | Kenya?
 
    | gdsdfe wrote:
    | I don't think it's about price entry, it's much much more
    | tangible to someone when your 'flashing' cash while haggling
    | than showing them your phone or credit card
 
  | M277 wrote:
  | It's not just the fixed pricing, but everything is more
  | expensive there. Much more. The poor part of the population
  | couldn't even dream to live in the new capital.
  | 
  | There's a theory that the recent minimum wage increase for the
  | government sector was actually because some government workers
  | now have to live there, but they financially can't.
 
  | 0xcoffee wrote:
  | We have cashless markets over here and they just key in the
  | price. Cashless != fixed price
 
  | throwaway0a5e wrote:
  | > If they only want the kind of Western-style stores with
  | explicit prices in this area, then this could be restated as
  | "we don't want the poor part of our population here".
  | 
  | We both know that's exactly what they want.
 
    | rover0 wrote:
    | Even if there are workarounds for this specific problem, the
    | signal being sent is clear.
 
| m0llusk wrote:
| This reminds me of the old joke: A weary traveller reaches Cairo
| and makes his way along the crowded and bustling streets. Upon
| finding a small hotel he enters and tells the clerk "I just want
| a nice quiet room."
| 
| The clerk looks astonished and exclaims "In Cairo?!"
 
| trhway wrote:
| classic feudal times scheme - the lord is in the castle up on the
| hill and the populace in the village down. The lord easily
| projects the power while being practically unassailable back -
| that asymmetry naturally allows the lord to practice unlimited
| unchecked power.
| 
| I've never encountered similar interpretation when it comes to
| Moscow, yet Stalin actually did a lot of major changes to the
| Moscow center (as well as to the centers of other major cities)
| where the government is located in that "anti-street-rebellion"
| style of Paris mentioned by the other commenters, and the major
| part of society alive at the time in the USSR had experienced the
| Revolutions of 1905 and 1917 where street barricades and tactical
| "takeover of the central postal office and telephone and
| telegraph station" were among the key parts of the action.
 
| fbn79 wrote:
| If you are interested about human rights in Egypth:
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Giulio_Regeni
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Patrick_Zaki
 
| ceilingcorner wrote:
| No comments on the political motivations of this move. In the
| 1800s, Parisian neighborhoods were demolished to make way for
| wide boulevards, as they were harder to barricade and easier to
| move troops through.
| 
| Similar situation in Cairo. Moving the government to a far off,
| easily protected location means mass protests are dramatically
| less effective.
 
  | zaphirplane wrote:
  | Or it could be to hide excavations of the star gate in the
  | pyramid If we are speculating to support a pet theory
 
    | OnlyMortal wrote:
    | Didn't you see the reality show? It's already under Cheyenne
    | Mountain.
 
  | exdsq wrote:
  | Egypt has had an idea of splitting into several large cities
  | each specialising on a particular thing (science, governance,
  | etc) since the 90s. This could just be the start of that plan.
 
    | Schiendelman wrote:
    | And that itself is a great way to kill innovation and
    | advancement. The core reason cities are good at economic
    | growth is the mixture of dissimilar ideas.
 
      | exdsq wrote:
      | I believe it's what they've done in China which seems to
      | work well, with Shenzhen (their research capital) being
      | 2000km south of Beijing
 
        | fakedang wrote:
        | Yet Beijing is still home to some of the best
        | universities in the country and the world. Honestly I've
        | heard of Shenzhen as the manufacturing capital or the
        | tech capital, but it's the first time I'm hearing of
        | Shenzhen as a research hub.
        | 
        | China is also not segregated by cities' expertise but by
        | provincial policy. For example, some cities, like
        | Hangzhou had a very preferential treatment towards tech,
        | by virtue of the provincial investment fund being
        | invested in tech companies compared to the usual state-
        | owned steel mill crap.
 
      | Barrin92 wrote:
      | The reason cities are good at economic growth is because of
      | agglomeration. If anything if you look at the actual
      | characteristics of innovative communities they are very
      | homogeneous, not dissimilar. See Silicon Valley or the
      | Manhattan Project, or the Prussian bureaucracy, or Soviet
      | scientific communities.
      | 
      | Most innovative communities aren't some bleeding-heart
      | melting pot but actually look like cults weary of
      | outsiders.
 
        | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
        | Silicon Valley grew out of 1960s counterculture, which
        | gets pretty close to ,,bleeding heart melting pot".
        | 
        | The other examples strike as somewhat peculiar, and
        | probably not anybody's idea of the Ideal, innovative
        | city.
 
        | Barrin92 wrote:
        | Californian counterculture today still has a self image
        | of diversity but in reality it has its roots in a very
        | like-minded white, middle-class bohemian culture, which
        | is not coincidentally the exact class that dominates
        | tech.
        | 
        | Counter-culture later merged together with business into
        | what was called the 'Californian ideology' in the 90s,
        | and while it has this sort of melting pot burning man
        | aesthetic going for it, intellectually it is incredibly
        | homogeneous, extremely distinct from the rest of the US,
        | and politically streamlined.
        | 
        | Counter-cultures almost always are paradoxically
        | 'melting-pots' of insanely like-minded people, the
        | stubbornness is what makes them so effective. Once
        | counter-culture starts to bleed into the mainstream (the
        | actually diverse population) it dissipates.
 
        | rayiner wrote:
        | What? It grew out of the defense industry and California
        | Republicanism: https://www.desertsun.com/story/opinion/co
        | lumnists/2019/10/2...
 
  | mlinhares wrote:
  | That was very effective in Brazil, Brasilia was built in the
  | middle of nowhere, far away from any of the existing large
  | population centers and has basically no economy other than
  | working for the government so if you live there you want the
  | government to stay as it is.
 
  | baybal2 wrote:
  | > Similar situation in Cairo. Moving the government to a far
  | off, easily protected location means mass protests are
  | dramatically less effective.
  | 
  | Indeed, primarily by distancing the rulers from people poor
  | enough to not to have anything to loose.
  | 
  | How much big of a part of Cairo is a gigantic slum? Cairo is
  | not a small city, 20 million at least in the conurbation.
  | 
  | On other hand, having a standing out compact garrison city in
  | the desert will make bombing Sisi out of existence much easier.
 
  | frankfrankfrank wrote:
  | See Washington DC today, essentially the same thing is
  | happening there as the Capitol complex and building that the
  | citizens used to be able to just walk into and knock on their
  | representatives' office like any other government office, has
  | now been surrounded by concertina wire and fencing and
  | militarized like the green zone in Iraq was.
  | 
  | I have been saying this for a while, the globalist ruling class
  | all around the world is essentially trying to separate
  | themselves from the rabble ... or is it cattle? ... around
  | them.
 
  | oblio wrote:
  | You missed the archetype for these moves, from France :-)
  | 
  | Versailles. Versailles was a safe residence for the French
  | king, far from the crowds in Paris.
  | 
  | During the revolution, they actually mandated that he move back
  | to Paris.
 
    | vermontdevil wrote:
    | King moved to Versailles so that he could control the
    | nobility in one central location.
 
      | oblio wrote:
      | Partly. The other reason was the long strings of revolts in
      | Paris.
 
        | enqk wrote:
        | look-up "La fronde"
 
    | jorge-d wrote:
    | And during the 1870s Paris uprising they moved the government
    | to.... Versailles !
 
      | [deleted]
 
  | keenreed wrote:
  | That is bit too paranoid, some people want to live, not just
  | protest. 18th century Paris was filthy place and needed
  | makeover.
  | 
  | Cairo is very congested and dirty city. Protests are last
  | problem in there.
 
    | tjalfi wrote:
    | > That is bit too paranoid, some people want to live, not
    | just protest. 18th century Paris was filthy place and needed
    | makeover.
    | 
    | Parisian urban revolts were a regular occurrence[0]; it was
    | an explicit goal to make them more difficult.
    | 
    | The following quote is from the SlateStarCodex review[1] of
    | Seeing Like a State.
    | 
    | "This was a particular problem in Paris, which was famous for
    | a series of urban insurrections in the 19th century (think
    | Les Miserables, but about once every ten years or so).
    | Although these generally failed, they were hard to suppress
    | because locals knew the "terrain" and the streets were narrow
    | enough to barricade. Slums full of poor people gathered
    | together formed tight communities where revolutionary ideas
    | could easily spread. The late 19th-century redesign of Paris
    | had the explicit design of destroying these areas and
    | splitting up poor people somewhere far away from the city
    | center where they couldn't do any harm."
    | 
    | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haussmann%27s_renovation_of
    | _Pa...
    | 
    | [1] https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/03/16/book-review-seeing-
    | lik...
 
    | BiteCode_dev wrote:
    | And, and we killed those kings out of loving kindness. That's
    | just how we do things in France.
 
      | gerikson wrote:
      | Eh, it was one king. Only Legitimists consider Louis XVI's
      | son to have been king, and his death was from illness
      | (perhaps hastened by neglect), not a formal execution.
 
        | BiteCode_dev wrote:
        | Sure, you can s/kings/nobles if you prefer precision over
        | humour.
 
        | gerikson wrote:
        | I do prefer precision in my humor, yes.
        | 
        | Seriously though, I find the entire period fascinating
        | (mostly via the Revolutions postcast, and reading Hilary
        | Mantel's _A Place of Greater Safety_ ). The French
        | Revolution is such a pivotal point in Western history
        | that I believe that precision is important.
 
        | mrwh wrote:
        | Just another plug for A Place of Greater Safety: it's a
        | wonderful book, rather overshadowed by Wolf Hall.
 
        | rsj_hn wrote:
        | s/nobles/farmers,nuns,priests,kids
        | 
        | * 200,000 farmers in the Vendee
        | 
        | * tens of thousands of priests and nuns
        | 
        | * ordinary people, children, and eventually themselves.
        | 
        | The stench of the bodies was so great they moved the
        | guillotines outside the city. One day after beheading a
        | convent of nuns that refused to stop praying, next up was
        | a young boy caught stealing. As he was led up to the
        | guillotine, a shout could be heard from the crowd
        | "Please, no more children!"
        | 
        | But hey, at least they replaced their King with an
        | Emperor.
 
        | saalweachter wrote:
        | You can advance the science of chemistry, you can set up
        | a democratic republic, you can establish the metric
        | system, but you execute ONE KING, and all that people
        | will remember--
 
        | garmaine wrote:
        | > You can advance the science of chemistry
        | 
        | The revolutionaries were quick to behead Lavoisier, who
        | was a member of the establishment and tax collector for
        | the king. He did his best work under the monarchy.
        | 
        | Not sure you can give revolutionary France credit for
        | that field.
 
        | saalweachter wrote:
        | Yeah, but I needed hendiatris to make the joke work, and
        | couldn't think of a better third.
 
    | zucker42 wrote:
    | I suggest you look up the history of Kazakhstan's capital
    | move. Capital moves are often used by authoritarian leaders
    | to consolidate their power by using the move as an excuse to
    | punish and reward underlings, isolating themselves from
    | threats to their power, and using geography to keep
    | politically influential people under their control.
 
      | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
      | The move of the capital from Almaty to Astana wasn't just
      | about Nazarbaev increasing his own personal power. It was
      | also an attempt to keep the country viable in its current
      | borders by lowering the chances of the ethnic-Russian-
      | dominated north seceding.
      | 
      | Also, most of Kazakhstan's political elite continued to
      | reside in Almaty and just flew back and forth from the new
      | capital for business, so Astana wasn't even an example of a
      | capital built to secure the rulers from the population.
 
    | ceilingcorner wrote:
    | Egypt literally had a revolution a decade ago.
 
      | ComputerGuru wrote:
      | Failed revolution. The military then immediately seized
      | control in a coup d'etat and threw the new and popular
      | president in jail planning to execute him before he died of
      | a heart attack.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | DSingularity wrote:
        | Allegedly a heart attack. Send mighty convenient for him
        | to die for those in power.
 
        | alpha_squared wrote:
        | Popularity was and continues to be heavily disputed. The
        | citizens voted for democracy and got yet another
        | backslide to autocracy.
 
        | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
        | In multiethnic states, revolutions only have a claim to
        | be legitimate popular revolutions if they have the
        | support of all major ethnic groups. In Egypt, the new
        | regime after the revolution did not have the support of
        | the Copts at all.
 
        | bosswipe wrote:
        | Don't know where you're getting the rules for legitimate
        | revolutions. The revolution led to a fair democratic
        | election. Winners of democratic elections are considered
        | legitimate, not just if a 6% minority disagrees, but even
        | if 49% disagree with the result.
 
        | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
        | Again, winners of democratic elections are often only
        | considered legitimate if they protect the rights of
        | ethnic minorities. Otherwise they are viewed as
        | oppressors supported by the dominant ethnicity. Mob rule
        | != democracy.
        | 
        | Consider how a number of nascent democracies in Europe in
        | the 19th and early 20th centuries are now widely regarded
        | as having had a democratic deficit because of their
        | treatment of Jews or of other ethnic minorities, in spite
        | of the governments being elected by a majority of voters.
        | 
        | And in this case, the percentage that the Copts make up
        | of the Egyptian population (which is infamously disputed,
        | so giving a figure like you did is risky) is completely
        | irrelevant, because any modern democratic state is
        | obliged to respect various freedoms regardless of the
        | amount of the population keen on them.
 
        | MonkeyClub wrote:
        | > Mob rule != democracy.
        | 
        | Actually that's precisely what it means: "demos" = mob +
        | "kratos" = rule; hence "demokratia" = the rule of the
        | mob.
        | 
        | Funny, huh?
 
        | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
        | _Demos_ in Greek didn't mean  'mob' but rather 'body
        | politic'. The word for 'mob' was _ochlos_.
 
        | MonkeyClub wrote:
        | Oops, was I a bit sly? Perhaps that equation should be
        | amended to read "(occasional) mob rule".
        | 
        | The people become "ochlos" crowd when in sub-groups, or
        | perhaps when they start causing irritation "ochlesis".
        | Before that, the demos is just a bunch of people.
        | 
        | Originally demos refers just the people of a particular
        | land, from Homeric "demos" = land, and expanded over time
        | to include particular bunches of people (e.g., of a
        | village or town, or a band of people).
        | 
        | The political sense of the people as free and sovereign
        | citizens (the body politic; Latin "plebs") is a later
        | meaning. Before that, demos used to refer to the mass of
        | subjects contrasted to the "basileus" king.
        | 
        | Of course, both demos and ochlos can refer to a crowd (as
        | can "plethos"). One could say that demos has a common
        | attribute (e.g. place of origin) giving it stronger
        | cohesion, while an ochlos may be ad hoc.
        | 
        | Still, ochlos is mass/multitude of people, with the
        | ability to exercise influence in a democratic assembly.
        | It is that characteristic of democracy as mob rule -
        | alright, occasionally, that generated early critique (but
        | also gave rise to rhetoric and dialogue as more benign
        | means of persuasion).
        | 
        | (Source: LSJ and a bit of Lampe)
        | 
        | From your name I gather you are from, or interested in
        | the study of, the Mediterranean?
 
        | ngc248 wrote:
        | By definition any government would be unpopular then,
        | since there was always be some minority who does not like
        | those in power.
 
        | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
        | Depends on the minority. The ever-present minority of
        | people with merely different political views who can just
        | comfortably wait until the next election, do not make an
        | election illegitimate. But if it's a religious or ethnic
        | minority and its basic human rights and prosperity are
        | threatened by the new regime, then that does suggest that
        | the new government lacks legitimacy even if a majority of
        | the population voted for it. And that was definitely the
        | case with Egypt's first post-Tahrir Square government and
        | the Copts. A population cannot vote its universal human
        | rights away.
 
        | bosswipe wrote:
        | I think instead of "legitimacy", which doesn't mean
        | anything, what you're really saying is "approved by the
        | West and Israel". Similar to Gaza's election or many
        | South American socialist governments, if people make the
        | wrong choice then democracy is discarded.
 
        | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
        | It is a typical retort to anyone criticizing Egypt's
        | first Tahrir Square government that they are
        | representative of "the West and Israel", when in fact the
        | notion that there exist certain universal human rights
        | that any state is bound to respect, is upheld even in
        | many countries outside of the West and Israel.
 
  | g_sch wrote:
  | Madrid, Amman, Naypyitaw, Brasilia, Washington...history is
  | replete with examples of governments who wanted to move out of
  | unruly urban centers and start with a "clean slate".
 
    | vondur wrote:
    | Washington was located where it is for different reasons
    | other than moving out of unruly urban centers.
 
      | ahazred8ta wrote:
      | Oh my sweet summer child...
      | 
      | The
      | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783
      | is specifically what convinced Congress that the capitol
      | building needed to be moved to an isolated area not in an
      | existing city.
 
        | vondur wrote:
        | I was just reading a recent "George Washington's Final
        | Battle" which details Washington's struggle to get the
        | capital built where it is. The main reason for the
        | location was to be somewhere halfway between the Northern
        | and Southern states; any other more partisan location may
        | have caused a breakup of the Nation. (at least that's
        | what Washington believed)
 
      | dsr_ wrote:
      | ...but it was, nevertheless, moved away from New York City
      | and Philadelphia (the prior centers of government) and not
      | located in Richmond or Baltimore (both of which existed as
      | cities in the general area).
 
    | 908B64B197 wrote:
    | Also Ottawa, after the Burning of the Parliament in Montreal
    | by a mob [0] relatively similar to the recent January 6th one
    | here in the US.
    | 
    | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_the_Parliament_B
    | uil...
 
    | oblio wrote:
    | I can't anything about Madrid.
 
      | ihaveajob wrote:
      | Here's a [comment](https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/c
      | omments/1kalgn/why_d...) that matches my recollection from
      | elementary school.
 
      | g_sch wrote:
      | I believe in some cases a capital was moved to a minor but
      | already-existing city. Amman and Madrid are examples of
      | this, so maybe they don't count as "purpose-built".
 
        | AdrianB1 wrote:
        | Can you explain what you want to tell about Amman? I
        | lived there when I was a kid (and the city a lot smaller)
        | and it is the only major city in Jordan the the only
        | logical choice as a capital. The position is also good
        | for a capital city, there is nothing in the south (I
        | lived in Aqaba first).
 
        | g_sch wrote:
        | Amman is the largest city in Jordan by some distance
        | _now_, but when it was designated as the capital in 1921,
        | it was much smaller. Its growth has come almost
        | exclusively since then, and as a result of its
        | designation as the captial, it became the largest city in
        | the country.
 
        | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
        | Bonn, Germany's capital from 49(?) to 1991 would also fit
        | that pattern. There were far larger cities such as
        | Munich, Hamburg, and Frankfurt in West Germany. Nobody
        | wanted a strong German capital.
 
    | zvr wrote:
    | There's a Wikipedia page for these:
    | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purpose-
    | built_national...
 
  | disabled wrote:
  | Egypt may just be following trends nearby: Equatorial Guinea
  | (in Africa) is relocating its capital from Malabo (which is on
  | an island) to Ciudad de la Paz (on the mainland). The country
  | is ranked in the top 10 most corrupt in the world, by
  | Transparency International. It is an outright kleptocracy, and
  | living there is quite an experience, according to people I
  | know. Interestingly, you can go there visa-free as an American,
  | but if you are British, you better not even think about setting
  | foot there. Construction of Ciudad de la Paz is being funded by
  | countries that are either experiencing illiberal trends or have
  | horrendous human rights records:
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_de_la_Paz
 
    | tfsh wrote:
    | I'm curious; is there anti british sentiment there?
 
      | Clewza313 wrote:
      | They don't really like the British after a failed coup
      | attempt by a bunch of British mercenaries and financed by
      | Maggie Thatcher's son:
      | 
      | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_d
      | %...
 
      | disabled wrote:
      | No: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_co
      | up_d'...
      | 
      | The 2004 Equatorial Guinea coup d'etat attempt, also known
      | as the Wonga Coup, failed to replace President Teodoro
      | Obiang Nguema Mbasogo with exiled opposition politician
      | Severo Moto. Mercenaries organised by mainly British
      | financiers were arrested in Zimbabwe on 7 March 2004 before
      | they could carry out the plot. Prosecutors alleged that
      | Moto was to be installed as the new president in return for
      | preferential oil rights to corporations affiliated to those
      | involved with the coup. The incident received international
      | media attention after the reported involvement of Sir Mark
      | Thatcher in funding the coup, for which he was convicted
      | and fined in South Africa.
 
        | zaphirplane wrote:
        | A fine ! How proper the nobles are ransomed back while
        | the peasants are executed
 
    | grecy wrote:
    | > _Interestingly, you can go there visa-free as an American_
    | 
    | They won't let you on the mainland, even with a valid visa.
    | They don't want you to see what the global oil companies have
    | done (and are doing) to the environment.
    | 
    | I tried to go.
 
      | dylan604 wrote:
      | Is 'have done (and are doing)' not visible from overhead?
 
        | SirSourdough wrote:
        | Lots of details to be seen on the ground that can't be
        | seen or confidently established from satellite
        | photography.
 
        | dylan604 wrote:
        | I understand that. I just assumed if it was BigOil behind
        | the scenes that wells/refineries must be involved which
        | are visible. What kinds of shenanigans are going on? I'm
        | totally not up to speed on what is occurring there.
 
    | stuaxo wrote:
    | I wonder if part of the reason Britain is moving The Lords
    | and the BBC away from London is to avoid scrutiny from both
    | of those.
 
      | anthomtb wrote:
      | Dumb American question: Is "The Lords" shorthand for "The
      | house of Lords"?
 
        | tim333 wrote:
        | Yeah https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-53432776
        | 
        | I'm a brit and had to google. Apparently they may move
        | temporarily while refurbing the usual location.
 
      | pjc50 wrote:
      | The Lords is an irrelevance which should be abolished, and
      | the BBC has a UK-wide remit. There's already quite a chunk
      | of the BBC in Manchester.
 
        | Mauricebranagh wrote:
        | It has and does act as a check on the HOC
 
        | pjc50 wrote:
        | Is it really the best we can do in the 21st century?
 
        | bobthechef wrote:
        | Human nature doesn't change. Conditions might.
 
        | lostlogin wrote:
        | Yes, and imagine having that role played by elected
        | members.
 
        | bobthechef wrote:
        | Why do you assume elected members must necessarily be
        | better? I think a mixed system can balance the dangers
        | (and each has their dangers) of each.
 
        | Ericson2314 wrote:
        | Because the UK is the worst bastion of social classism?
 
        | hcho wrote:
        | They would be beholden to political machinations which
        | get them elected and not do a very good job at it.
        | 
        | There are a lot of things with HoL but being unelected is
        | not one of them.
 
  | skrebbel wrote:
  | Yep, it's the only reason.
  | 
  | Sisi wants to make sure that there's no second Arab Spring some
  | day.
  | 
  | It's so weird that media does not pick up on how this is a
  | repressive move and nothing else. Eg when Kazachstan moved
  | their capital to the frozen, desolate, middle-of-nowhere
  | northeast, there were lots of giggly BBC articles about how
  | that weird President over there moved his capital because a
  | dream had told him to, haha! But few media wrote about how all
  | that was cheap smoke and mirrors for making sure that everybody
  | who lived near the capital was a civil servant, ie dependent,
  | with their livelihoods, on a stable government.
  | 
  | EDIT: I changed my mind, I jumped to conclusions. This capital
  | is only ~30km away, a suburb of Cairo really, which means that
  | likely civil servants will be able to live in Cairo and commute
  | to work (and vice versa some day). I bet protests will still be
  | harder to organize than on the Tahrir square, but not
  | impossibly so (unlike eg Kazachstan, Equatorial Guinea,
  | Myanmar, Brazil etc)
  | 
  | In fact I wonder _why_ they didn 't build it 500km further down
  | the Nile (but I'm glad they didn't), that's exactly what I'd
  | expect of an authoritarian government like Sisi's.
 
    | CapitalistCartr wrote:
    | Thirty km is far enough to build a far more secure capitol,
    | with defensible street design, and large clear zones for tank
    | maneuvering.
 
    | tim333 wrote:
    | It may be close to Cairo but it has massive walls with tower
    | like structures. The walls look rather like Trump's wall
    | prototypes. Without knowing about it I drove past it on a bus
    | the other week and was think that the hell is that thing? It
    | looks a bit like a huge military base but grander. The
    | entrance gates are quite something, about the size of 10
    | story buildings.
    | 
    | Pic I took from the bus, assuming it's the right thing
    | https://imgur.com/bb5KE9Y
    | 
    | It looks surrounded by open ground and looks made with
    | security in mind.
 
    | skissane wrote:
    | > I bet protests will still be harder to organize than on the
    | Tahrir square, but not impossibly so (unlike eg Kazachstan,
    | Equatorial Guinea, Myanmar, Brazil etc)
    | 
    | Brazil's capital was moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia to
    | try to solve the perceived problem that the Brazilian federal
    | government was focused on the needs of the coastal area
    | around Rio, and moving it to a more central location would
    | make it more responsive to the needs of the country as a
    | whole. I don't think avoiding protests was a major part of
    | the decision. It was planned for decades - article 3 of the
    | 1891 constitution [0] said the capital should be moved to
    | central Brazil, but the move wasn't actually implemented
    | until 1960.
    | 
    | Australia is another country with a planned capital -
    | Canberra. In Australia's case, both Sydney and Melbourne
    | wanted to be the capital. The compromise [1] was that the
    | capital would be located in a federal territory to be carved
    | out of New South Wales, more than 100 miles from Sydney, and
    | Melbourne would serve as the temporary capital until then.
    | 
    | [0] https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_
    | 189...
    | 
    | [1] https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_pra
    | cti...
 
      | skrebbel wrote:
      | I had always assumed that that was just the official story,
      | but that not getting millions of angry rioters over was a
      | key (unspoken) motivation. But it seems I was wrong about
      | that, too. I can't find a single source to back up my
      | assumption, I don't know where I got it from.
      | 
      | I really should stop assuming.
 
        | brabel wrote:
        | Brasilia is, today, a large metropolis of nearly 3
        | million people (the 5th most populous metropolitan area
        | in Brazil). One of the stated motivations to build the
        | city near the geographical center of the country was
        | exactly to get more people to move to that region of
        | Brazil, which was, and still is to some degree, severely
        | underpopulated compared to the coast (and has a great
        | terrain for sustaining large populations). Very large
        | protests are commonplace, so if getting away from angry
        | rioters was in the mind of certain politicians at some
        | point :) it definitely did not work (as others said, the
        | project was planned since 1891, started in the 1920's and
        | only finished in 1960).
 
        | frozenlettuce wrote:
        | You are not wrong, Brasilia has a large population, but
        | the poor regions can't really reach the center of power
        | just by walking (it's an extremely pedestrian-unfriendly
        | city). It also has a flat landscape, unlike Rio that has
        | lots of mountains - which makes this city of city
        | planning much easier.
 
        | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
        | As long as you remain open to change your mind, you're
        | doing better than almost anybody online. Keep assuming as
        | you please.
 
| akgerber wrote:
| This is supposedly a 'new capital' but it's really more of a new
| district on the current fringes of Cairo connected by rail
| service that will likely take less than an hour-- more to the
| nature of Shibuya/Shinjuku (which only became busy districts
| after WWII) versus the old Chuo of Tokyo as opposed to Brasilia
| hundreds of miles away from the old cities. And Egypt is growing
| fast enough that the intermediate areas will probably get built
| out.
 
  | jungturk wrote:
  | It echoes the development of Putrajaya in Kuala Lumpur.
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya
 
    | Ericson2314 wrote:
    | Or Paris to Versailles :/
 
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