[HN Gopher] Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index
___________________________________________________________________
 
Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index
 
Author : apples_oranges
Score  : 831 points
Date   : 2021-02-10 12:54 UTC (10 hours ago)
 
web link (cbeci.org)
w3m dump (cbeci.org)
 
| rednerrus wrote:
| I'm here for the bad takes by the hodlers.
 
| macawfish wrote:
| This comment will probably get buried but I wish someone would
| make something like coinmarketcap that showed how much energy was
| being used to secure each cryptocurrency.
| 
| If there were solid metrics, it'd help people who want to be more
| conscientious about where they put their money to actually do
| that.
| 
| Something like "coincarboncap".
| 
| A lot of cryptocurrencies don't use even a fraction of the energy
| bitcoin uses but there's no index to show that, so even if there
| were incentives for people to invest in energy efficient
| cryptocurrencies, how would they know which ones to go for?
| 
| The closest thing I can think of is whattomine. Maybe they'd be
| best equipped to build something like this, although I'm not sure
| if they'd have an interest in it.
 
| perseusprime11 wrote:
| According to this report, Bitcoin mining is fueled by renewables:
| https://coinshares.com/research/bitcoin-mining-network-decem...
 
| nahuel0x wrote:
| a good and rational use of resources, it's not like we are in the
| middle of a planetary ecological disaster or a possible end-of-
| civilization climate change crisis. Capitalism at its finest.
 
| nullcat wrote:
| Imagine if all real currency was replaced by bitcoin.
| 
| How much green house gases would be generated to keep our
| economic engines going and also who would be genrating this
| money?
| 
| What would the economic outlook of the world look like during
| covid if it happened in a world where all currency was bitcoin?
 
| dd36 wrote:
| It's an energy virus and needs to be stopped.
 
| iwubu99 wrote:
| Release the free energy patents or btc dies
 
| panpanna wrote:
| Well, we need to build houses with bitcoin miners for heat
| generation.
| 
| (Idea stolen from guy on reddit who actually did this)
 
  | Hamuko wrote:
  | And who is gonna foot the bill for the mining?
 
    | celticninja wrote:
    | You already pay to heat your house, what if you could be paid
    | to hear your house?
 
      | Hamuko wrote:
      | Your house is not necessarily heated with electricity.
      | 
      | Running an ASIC 24/7 would use up like $285 worth of
      | electricity per month if you pay 12 cents for each
      | kilowatt-hour.
 
        | BenoitEssiambre wrote:
        | So about the normal amount for heating a house here in
        | Canada.
 
  | BenoitEssiambre wrote:
  | Although I am not a fan of cryptocurrency popularity (mainly
  | because of the potential to destabilize the macro economy), and
  | I don't know much about this company:
  | https://qarnot.com/en/home/, but I find they have a great name
  | suggestive of thermodynamically optimal computing, Carnot being
  | the father of thermodynamic efficiency. Carnot came up with
  | thermodynamics to optimize steam engines, maybe making him the
  | most steampunk of scientists. Thermodynamically optimizing bits
  | is an echo of that for the cyberpunk age.
 
| jf22 wrote:
| Remember, the earth is burning.
| 
| Crypto is a huge environmental issue.
 
  | paystaxes wrote:
  | If all crypto was mined with renewable energy, would it be a
  | huge environmental issue?
 
    | jf22 wrote:
    | Yes. Renewable doesn't mean without a carbon or other cost.
    | All energy usage and production takes resources from the
    | planet.
 
  | samuel wrote:
  | It's completely meaningless because GWh aren't interchangeable.
  | A hydro o thermal energy source too far from inhabited places
  | could be used for bitcoin mining and its CO2 footprint would be
  | near zero.
  | 
  | I'm not saying you are wrong but this requires a far more
  | exhaustive analysis.
 
    | jf22 wrote:
    | So we'd build energy production away from where people live
    | just to mine a digital currency?
 
  | mikeyjk wrote:
  | The government's of the world seem concerningly content
  | underplaying this.
  | 
  | I'm glad I don't have kids.
 
| dang wrote:
| Other large current related threads:
| 
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26093099
| 
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26091536
| 
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26090330
| 
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26082324
 
| bjr- wrote:
| Why do these discussions so often assume electricity is a finite
| resource? Are people not able to turn their lights on because of
| Bitcoin miners?
| 
| When Bitcoin miners consume electricity shouldn't that increased
| demand affect the market price and dis-incentivize mining? What
| other use of electricity has such a high price elasticity? People
| don't turn off their ACs in the middle of summer because
| electricity costs are high -- they value comfort, a lot. But
| miners, IIUC, shut down their ASICs when they're unprofitable.
| Bitcoin mining is extremely price sensitive.
| 
| If Bitcoin mining is driving up local electricity prices it seems
| worthy of local regulation. It also seems like an incentive for
| increased energy production -- and given today's prices would
| most likely be clean energy production.
| 
| The report states Bitcoin's consumption is 39% clean energy. That
| is considerably higher than the overall portion of global energy
| consumption from renewables. Does this not mean Bitcoin is a
| large source of demand for renewable energy?
| https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-renewab...
| 
| Increased demand increases prices in the short-run and
| incentivizes production -- decreasing prices, and further
| increasing usage in the long-run. Right? What am I missing?
 
| hebrox wrote:
| Yesterday I read "What Bloomberg Gets Wrong About Bitcoin's
| Climate Footprint" [0] where the writer tries to make a case that
| you shouldn't compare Bitcoin to VISA, but more to something like
| the dollar. While I don't agree with his whole story, for example
| including the US army in the costs, I thought it was an
| interesting way of looking at it.
| 
| Edit: he also points out that after all Bitcoin has been mined,
| the electricity use will probably change.
| 
| [0] https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bloomberg-gets-wrong-
| bitcoin-...
 
| kqr wrote:
| And this is not surprising. Cryptocurrency is designed to be
| anti-efficient. "Proof of work" is just a synonym for "having
| wasted tons of energy."
| 
| This is my main beef with these systems. Gaining fundamental
| value from the act of wasting energy and being the one to
| accelerate the (local) heat death by the most is not a sensible
| basis for a 21st century technology.
 
  | ChainOfFools wrote:
  | proof of work is cleverly misnamed, because what's actually
  | going on is proof of wasted work, or simply proof of waste. you
  | are proving you threw a precise measure of something valuable
  | away (money/resources/energy... whether your own or someone
  | else's).
  | 
  | the behavioral econ assumption is that you will seek to recover
  | that loss someday, thus requiring you to hold and protect the
  | receipt token representing it until that time.
 
  | kerng wrote:
  | Indeed, the comment shows how valuable Bitcoin actually really
  | is - it's pretty impressive.
 
    | rspeele wrote:
    | Interesting take. Does the amount of money spent on Herbalife
    | show how valuable it actually really is? What about essential
    | oils or healing crystals?
    | 
    | In a tautological way, sure, everything's worth what
    | somebody's willing to pay for it. But the above examples must
    | call into question whether there is a distinction between
    | what something is worth in dollars, and what its _merit_ is.
 
      | kerng wrote:
      | Good points. To give it a totally different spin, imagine
      | Bitcoin's value is pretty constant actually and what
      | changes is the dollar (its being devalued at a rapid pace
      | at the moment).
      | 
      | There is only a limited supply of Bitcoin, but there will
      | be more and more dollars printed over the next decades
      | (making the dollar even less valuable compare to the
      | constant Bitcoin). So Bitcoin will be interesting to watch
      | - quite exciting for future and to see what's gonna happen.
 
  | deeeeplearning wrote:
  | Most newer cryptos are built on proof of stake. So your
  | criticism is mainly aimed at Btc.
 
    | sharpneli wrote:
    | Naturally. While POS cryptos share many other bad sides with
    | Bitcoin at least they don't ruin the planet so they're far
    | far better.
 
      | fastball wrote:
      | POW only ruins the planet if you're using non-renewables /
      | non-nuclear. It's not intrinsic.
 
        | hacknat wrote:
        | Which is where most energy is derived from, so it's
        | ruining the planet.
 
        | kqr wrote:
        | Sure, you can argue that nuclear (or whatever) is a
        | better way to produce energy than most/all others
        | currently known, but that's a very low bar to clear.
        | 
        | There are more and less sucky ways to produce energy, but
        | let's be clear: all of them suck to some degree. There is
        | no type of energy production where the mere act of
        | producing that energy is a net positive.
        | 
        | Then the argument turns to whether or not the gains from
        | proof of wasted energy-type systems outweigh the
        | drawbacks of producing the required energy -- even if
        | that energy is produced in the least sucky way. I'm
        | firmly in the no camp.
 
        | patrickthebold wrote:
        | quibble on "you're". It's a shared planet, so it gets
        | ruined if enough mining is done on non-renewables. Most
        | people complaining aren't mining at all.
 
        | fastball wrote:
        | Was this a useful comment? "You're" is just a stand-in
        | for "people are". The second person is a fairly common
        | way to structure such a sentence.
 
  | fthssht wrote:
  | The correct comparison is with the transaction and storage
  | costs, in electricity, of storing gold in fort knox and moving
  | it once a century in a boat across the ocean. Tesla's 1.5
  | billion USD in bitcoin probably won't move in your lifetime.
 
  | lmkg wrote:
  | My issue with it is even more fundamental than this: it is
  | _structurally impossible_ for Proof of Work to become more
  | efficient. If you find a more energy-efficient way to mine, the
  | correct decision is not to reduce your energy usage, but rather
  | to use the same amount of energy to compute more hashes.
 
    | panarky wrote:
    | The energy-per-transaction ratio is only relevant if the
    | utility of Bitcoin is to compete with Visa to process
    | transactions.
    | 
    | However, if the ultimate utility of Bitcoin is to store
    | trillions of dollars of value, transmit it into the future,
    | across borders, quickly, pseudonymously, and without capital
    | controls from coercive and corrupt governments, then energy-
    | per-transaction is an inappropriate metric.
    | 
    | Bitcoin is the only asset with these properties, and it
    | doesn't need many transactions to do what it does best.
    | 
    | If you find you're angry about Bitcoin's energy usage but
    | you're not even more angry about the energy wasted by
    | industries and technologies that have much less social
    | utility, then maybe it's not the wasted energy that you're
    | angry about after all.
 
      | TomVDB wrote:
      | There are industries with less social utility than Bitcoin?
 
      | paulgb wrote:
      | > However, if the ultimate utility of Bitcoin is to store
      | trillions of dollars of value, [...] then energy-per-
      | transaction is an inappropriate metric.
      | 
      | The amount of energy used in equilibrium in Bitcoin mining
      | is proportional to the price of Bitcoin (between halvings
      | and holding the fraction of total mining costs spent on
      | energy constant). If the price of Bitcoin rose enough that
      | it had a 2TN market cap tomorrow, miners would have
      | incentives to burn 3-4x more energy.
      | 
      | I agree that transaction-based accounting is flawed, but it
      | doesn't make the problem go away.
 
      | mint2 wrote:
      | > without capital controls from coercive and corrupt
      | governments
      | 
      | And conversely too! letting corrupt governments and
      | corporations transfer money with ease!
 
        | panarky wrote:
        | That's always the problem with freedom, it works for good
        | guys and bad guys alike.
 
        | toyg wrote:
        | Let's not forget druglords, illegal arms dealers,
        | hitmen...
 
        | meowkit wrote:
        | Paging argument from 2010...
        | 
        | You would use Monero or physical cash for those
        | activities.
        | 
        | Bitcoin is much easier to trace once you have a lead.
 
        | toyg wrote:
        | It's just a tradeoff between opsec and ease of use.
        | Monero is harder to turn back into cash, precisely
        | because it carries a worse reputation.
        | 
        | Note that my argument was _pro_ btc - I can see
        | underground demand sustaining its price in the long run.
 
        | Solvitieg wrote:
        | Because you definitely can't do that with fiat...
        | 
        | This is such an old, tired take.
 
        | bayesian_horse wrote:
        | No, you really can't do that easily and sometimes at all
        | with "fiat". Which is why "money laundering" is a thing.
        | Or drug cartels having the problem to stash or move
        | hundreds of thousands of small dollar bills over North
        | and South American borders.
        | 
        | A somewhat trustworthy state having control over or
        | transparency into money transfers generally is a very
        | good thing. If your government isn't trustworthy enough,
        | you have bigger problems than the currency.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | toyg wrote:
        | When it comes to truth, old != bad. The oldest profession
        | is still around, for example, because demand will always
        | be there.
 
    | aeternum wrote:
    | By computing more hashes, you raise the difficulty for
    | everyone else mining so you do ultimately push out the less
    | efficient miners.
 
      | meow112012 wrote:
      | If someone has money and power already, they can take a
      | better chance to get more bitcoin. How about the other guys
      | and the other guys ... 10/20 years later?
 
      | lxgr wrote:
      | The problem is that there is, by definition, economic
      | incentive to spend an amount of electric energy equal to
      | the economic value of transaction confirmation to all
      | protocol participants.
 
      | rspeele wrote:
      | That's efficient if you define efficiency as hashes
      | computed per watt. That's the metric by which less-
      | efficient miners are driven out.
      | 
      | However, this does nothing for the overall energy
      | efficiency of Bitcoin, which could be defined as
      | transactions processed per gigawatt. If energy gets
      | cheaper, that number only gets smaller.
 
    | [deleted]
 
  | Lambdanaut wrote:
  | You may be interested in Ada coin. It uses a "proof of stake"
  | algorithm instead which does not rely on processing power.
  | Virtually infinitely more eco-friendly.
 
  | dsco wrote:
  | There's also proof of stake which requires a lot less energy. I
  | think a lot of nuance is missed when discussing Bitcoin and its
  | consensus mechanism as the only way of running a blockchain
 
    | drak0n1c wrote:
    | Proof-of-stake distributed ledger technology is extremely
    | efficient. Hedera Hashgraph uses a gossip protocol and has
    | extremely high transaction-per-second support with finality.
    | Already being used by major corporations.
    | 
    | https://hedera.com/
 
    | PragmaticPulp wrote:
    | > I think a lot of nuance is missed when discussing Bitcoin
    | and its consensus mechanism as the only way of running a
    | blockchain
    | 
    | Bitcoin holders are financially incentivized to steer
    | everyone else toward Bitcoin.
    | 
    | As long as early adopters are financially invested in
    | alternative currencies failing, we're going to continue
    | seeing a focus on Bitcoin.
 
    | xorcist wrote:
    | So far no one has shown in practice how to run a
    | decentralized proof of stake network.
    | 
    | How do you bootstrap a node in the face of conflicting
    | history? How do you handle network partitions?
    | 
    | There are also open question surrounding security, prevent
    | actors from colluding and so on. Most other blockchains do
    | not even bother. At least the Ethereum people have the
    | ambition to have something practical. Let's study the design
    | when it you can make an eth transfer with it.
    | 
    | These discussions are like when in a discussion about
    | uranuium waste management someone inevitably cries about how
    | we should just scrap it and go with fusion energy instead.
    | 
    | Great idea, but let's have something working first.
 
      | ericb wrote:
      | Tezos is up and running and working just fine.
 
        | dlubarov wrote:
        | Plus Cosmos, Polkadot, Solana, Cardano, Avalanche, NXT,
        | and probably others I'm forgetting. There are plenty of
        | PoS systems in production these days!
 
        | xorcist wrote:
        | All of those are run by a singular entity. This makes it
        | trivial for them to implement PoS.
        | 
        | That's not the use case something like Bitcoin is built
        | for.
 
      | DanielleMolloy wrote:
      | It is quite noteworthy that Ethereum trusts proof of stake
      | so much that they want to move to it though. Ethereum has
      | some really good devs.
      | 
      | Last time I checked for altcoins that are trying to solve
      | Bitcoin's various scalability problems I ended up with a
      | proof of stake coin too, Nano (using the rather new idea
      | block lattice, small but so far quite low-toned development
      | team that seemed to focus on problem solving rather than
      | scammy marketing).
      | 
      | I'm surprised that Ethereum is convinced that they can
      | ,,just move" from proof of work to proof of stake. Should
      | be possible for Bitcoin too then, shouldn't it? (Maybe I'm
      | missing something about this transition.) Nano required a
      | whole new development.
 
        | somebodythere wrote:
        | Ethereum's social contract has evolved to become much
        | more "fluid" and open to change than Bitcoin's. Mainline
        | Ethereum today is is very different in many ways to what
        | it was two years ago. There is even a proposal with a lot
        | of support to have transaction fees mostly burned rather
        | than mostly given to miners. Aside from minority forks,
        | something like that would never happen in Bitcoin in a
        | million years.
        | 
        | So, while Bitcoin techinically _could_ switch to proof of
        | stake, it probably won 't.
 
      | somebodythere wrote:
      | You can make near-zero-cost ETH and ERC-20 transfers right
      | now using L2 solutions like state channels and rollups.
      | There are also a few POCs of applications like Uniswap
      | running on L2.
 
    | chaostheory wrote:
    | When is that rolling out for Ethereum
 
      | hacknat wrote:
      | It's a really complicated transition, but it's already
      | started. The estimate is that there's probably about $1.5B
      | worth of transactions left to mine, but most transactions
      | will be switching over to PoS in the coming year. No one
      | knows for sure when the full transition will occur, it's
      | more of a gradual phase-out.
 
      | mrits wrote:
      | I like Ethereum not just because of the more responsible
      | PoS but also because mining is currently asic resistant. A
      | lot of the waste going into bitcoin right now is building
      | specialized miners that will go into a landfill after a
      | generation or two. Eth can still be mined with hardware you
      | already own.
 
      | piplikoc wrote:
      | It's coming with Ethereum 2.0. The transition process to
      | Eth2 is on the way, it is estimated that they will finish
      | by 2022.
 
    | freerobby wrote:
    | Proof of space, too. See e.g. https://www.chia.net
 
      | Nursie wrote:
      | Ugh, that seems like it just exchanges one form of waste
      | for another. If it takes off the price of storage is likely
      | to rocket in the same way GPUs have.
      | 
      | Let's not shoot ourselves in the foot, again, for another
      | digital gold rush?
 
        | sudosysgen wrote:
        | IIRC some Proof of Storage algorithms allow you to store
        | actually useful data, and there shouldn't be any
        | incentive to get fast storage, so it should have less of
        | an effect on the average person.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | True, and I understand this is how projects like Sia
        | work. But IIRC Bram Cohen's proposal was effectively PoW
        | but with storage.
 
  | hacknat wrote:
  | Ethereum has already started transitioning to proof-of-stake
  | which will significantly lower transaction costs in Ethereum.
 
  | arithmomachist wrote:
  | At the very least the proof of work ought to compute something
  | useful.
 
    | lxgr wrote:
    | That would be great, but unfortunately the structure of
    | problems that are well suited to proof of work (hard to
    | compute but easy to verify in a decentralized way) doesn't
    | seem to have too many practical applications.
 
      | arithmomachist wrote:
      | Aren't there lots of NP problems that have this property?
 
        | lxgr wrote:
        | Yes, but how many of them are distributable in the way
        | required by the constraints of mining? (I really hope I'm
        | wrong and would love to see a counterexample of
        | "constructive" mining!)
 
        | kqr wrote:
        | All of them, by definition.
 
    | root_axis wrote:
    | It can't be made useful because the output of a useful
    | calculation can't be known in advance - otherwise it wouldn't
    | be useful.
 
      | minsc__and__boo wrote:
      | You can gain use computing to gain specificity from
      | complexity though, and recognize that new specificity -
      | i.e. brute force protein folding calculations.
 
      | freebreakfast wrote:
      | I think Gridcoin offers a happy medium. It's proof of
      | stake, but it also offers rewards for participating in
      | BOINC-based research projects.
      | 
      | https://gridcoin.us/
      | 
      | Not exactly "proof of work" in the same sense its being
      | used, but I wish that the project would get more attention.
 
  | fpoling wrote:
  | Cryptocurrency are inefficient by the design only at creation.
  | But once mined, in principle with the right setup transactions
  | can be arbitrary cheap. It is similarly as with gold. It is
  | expensive to dig it once, but once a coin is minted, it can be
  | used for millions of transaction making transaction cost rather
  | low.
 
    | NickM wrote:
    | This is completely incorrect. Transactions are processed as
    | part of mining. You cannot simply stop mining and continue
    | doing transactions for free; the whole point of the mining
    | process in a PoW cryptocurrency is that mined coins are given
    | out as a reward for helping to secure transactions.
 
      | criddell wrote:
      | What happens when all the bitcoins are mined? There still
      | has to be some settlement process or else the blockchain
      | ends.
 
        | cstein2 wrote:
        | Miners are incentivised with transaction fees alone after
        | all the bitcoins are mined.
 
        | throwaheyy wrote:
        | Mining continues but the reward comes solely from
        | transaction fees.
 
        | marcosdumay wrote:
        | > What happens when all the bitcoins are mined?
        | 
        | Then miners will get only the transaction fees. But it's
        | still the same process. (Anyway, that won't happen, the
        | number of available BTC to mining will asymptoptically
        | approach 0, but will never get there.)
 
        | cdiddy2 wrote:
        | No, new bitcoins run out around 2140. From then on there
        | will be no new bitcoin
 
        | SamBam wrote:
        | The algorithm makes it such that the last coin will be
        | mined sometime around 2140. My assumption is that people
        | just plan on moving to another fork before that point.
 
    | newswasboring wrote:
    | Actually your analogy is flawed. Because the way bitcoin
    | works you have to pay some energy cost per block and you have
    | a limited time to use that block because the next block will
    | be coming in in 10 mins. It would be more like we had to make
    | new coins every 10 mins.
    | 
    | Or am I missing something here?
 
      | fpoling wrote:
      | Bitcoin probably is not fixable, but other designs are much
      | better at supporting cheap transactions. There is nothing
      | inherently expensive in maintaining the block chain.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | this thread is about bitcoins. So I thought its implied
        | we are talking about bitcoin. Maintaining a POW block
        | chain is inherently wasteful, but yes POS blockchains can
        | maybe save this.
 
        | fpoling wrote:
        | Even with bitcoins just consider what happens once all
        | bitcoins are mined. Does the whole thing collapse? Or do
        | bitcoins continue to be used similar to POS?
 
        | dragontamer wrote:
        | Then the transaction fees associated with every
        | transaction fund the miners.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | The block mining algorithm doesn't change, right? So I
        | don't see how it will move to POS. That will require some
        | sort of buy in from the users. Every time something new
        | is introduced in Bitcoin the legacy remains and the new
        | ideas fork the chain into their own thing. Usually these
        | alternatives either die or ignored.
 
    | rwoerz wrote:
    | Could you elaborate on that? How can future transactions be
    | accommodated if everyone stops mining new blocks?
 
      | dmnd wrote:
      | Miners get compensated by transaction fees too.
 
  | flopunctro wrote:
  | In the grand scheme, the "tons" (or rather, gigajoules) of
  | energy wasted by the Proof-of-Work are nothing. The Sun
  | radiation that hits Earth every second dwarfs this consumption.
  | 
  | Also, one of the definitions of life is "a local decrease in
  | entropy, at the cost of a global, larger, increase in entropy".
  | By this criteria, every living being is a bad thing for the
  | universe, because it accelerates the global heat death ever so
  | slightly.
  | 
  | I guess my point is, some uses of energy are acceptable, even
  | desirable. And every use of energy accelerates the heat death
  | of the universe, but we humans are insignificant on this scale;
  | there is really nothing that we can do to even accelerate our
  | Sun's death. We're not even Kardashev-1 :)
 
    | danans wrote:
    | > Also, one of the definitions of life is "a local decrease
    | in entropy, at the cost of a global, larger, increase in
    | entropy". By this criteria, every living being is a bad thing
    | for the universe, because it accelerates the global heat
    | death ever so slightly.
    | 
    | The discussion about energy use of Bitcoin is within the
    | context of the effectively closed system of Earth.
    | 
    | Until such a time that solar generated electricity is too
    | plentiful to meter and ubiquitous, Bitcoin mining will cause
    | huge demand for fossil fuel based energy, with the associated
    | consequences for climate change.
 
      | flopunctro wrote:
      | > effectively closed system of Earth.
      | 
      | All the plants, algae, and everything with chlorophyll
      | would beg to differ. I really think we cannot consider
      | Earth a closed system, because we're not a rogue planet in
      | the insterstellar void.
      | 
      | Our solar _system_ would be a better approximation of a
      | "closed system".
 
    | vruiz wrote:
    | I was going to point that the universe is not relevant here,
    | only humans, the energy we produce and how we produce it
    | matters. But then I realized that either your comment must be
    | tongue in cheek or you are trying to hard to rationalize this
    | than there is no point on try to convince you.
 
      | flopunctro wrote:
      | Okay, I admit my comment was a bit rushed, and I apologize
      | for that. It's not tongue-in-cheek, and I don't feel that
      | I'm rationalizing things (but then, I guess I wouldn't feel
      | it even if I were).
      | 
      | I was trying to view things in a bigger picture. Ofcourse
      | we are using too much fossil fuels at this time. Ofcourse
      | our functioning is pretty unsustainable.
      | 
      | What I am trying to say, is that sometimes high energy
      | usage is acceptable. Should we stop launching things in
      | orbit? Should we stop the LHC?
      | 
      | I think that for _some_ people, having a thing such as
      | bitcoin is worth the energy expenditure. It is perfectly
      | okay that for you, it _isn't_ acceptable. I am not trying
      | to convince you of anything. Just affirming that there
      | exists a subset of humans that find value in it, and
      | therefore are willing to allocate resources -- be that
      | electrical energy, fiat money, or mindshare.
 
    | imtringued wrote:
    | >In the grand scheme, the "tons" (or rather, gigajoules) of
    | energy wasted by the Proof-of-Work are nothing.
    | 
    | >but we humans are insignificant on this scale; there is
    | really nothing that we can do to even accelerate our Sun's
    | death. We're not even Kardashev-1 :)
    | 
    | I am shocked that you are brave enough to write these things
    | in the same comment. The problem with Bitcoin and proof of
    | work is that it's literally capable of consuming our sun and
    | all energy in the universe.
 
    | rspeele wrote:
    | Is that you, Gary Johnson?
 
      | flopunctro wrote:
      | No idea who's Gary Johnson. I'm just a guy from Eastern
      | Europe, watching too much Isaac Arthur.
 
        | rspeele wrote:
        | Just a playful joke. He's a US politician who ran for
        | president in 2016 as a third-party (i.e. no chance of
        | victory) candidate.
        | 
        | At one point he was asked about his long term view on
        | global warming, and he said "In billions of years, the
        | sun is going to actually grow and encompass the Earth,
        | right? So global warming is in our future."
 
        | flopunctro wrote:
        | Ah, I see. Thanks for explaining :)
        | 
        | Gary's response was obviously tongue-in-cheek, even
        | somewhat flippant. My comment wasn't trying to be ironic,
        | though I now see that it could be interpreted so.
 
  | jkuria wrote:
  | Mining for gold is even more inefficient. You've got dig earth
  | several kilometers down, build massive infrastructure, use
  | harmful chemicals to purify it, lose lives etc etc
 
    | minsc__and__boo wrote:
    | That's falsely equating fixed and variable costs. A mined
    | bitcoin is useless if the network isn't burning electricity,
    | whereas mined gold is continually useful after mining.
 
    | wonnage wrote:
    | At least gold is useful for something though
 
      | kosievdmerwe wrote:
      | Gold also doesn't require constant electricity expenditure
      | to keep it's value and "utility"z
      | 
      | A kilo of gold once mined is perpetual. A bitcoin needs the
      | whole network to keep running (and be large enough so that
      | miners can't collude) to keep it's value.
 
  | 2112 wrote:
  | > "Proof of work" is just a synonym for "having wasted tons of
  | energy." This is my main beef with these systems. Gaining
  | fundamental value from the act of wasting energy [...] is not a
  | sensible basis for a 21st century technology.
  | 
  | This is my main beef with the system we live in already.
  | 
  | See ; Bullshit Jobs
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit_jobs
  | 
  | "Bullshit Jobs: A Theory is a 2018 book by anthropologist David
  | Graeber that argues for the existence and societal harm of
  | meaningless jobs. He contends that over half of societal work
  | is pointless, which becomes psychologically destructive when
  | paired with a work ethic that associates work with self-worth."
  | 
  | I am not contesting the Bitcoin situation is ... interesting.
  | 
  | (edit = comment layout )
 
  | hardtke wrote:
  | It's really hard to see how BTC does not get outlawed by most
  | governments. Since financial transactions are zero sum and
  | provide no economic value, it's the equivalent of a giant
  | methane leak.
 
  | optimiz3 wrote:
  | Hypothetically this could be amortized better by increasing the
  | transactions per block. Just because Bitcoin was first doesn't
  | mean it's the best wrt efficiency. PoW can be competitive with
  | legacy infrastructure with good clearing design.
 
    | kqr wrote:
    | I think Donatella Meadows made it quite clear a while back
    | that fiddling with constants and coefficients doesn't really
    | have an Effect with capital E.
 
  | dang wrote:
  | We detached this subthread from
  | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26090317.
 
| frongpik wrote:
| Cool. Now show us the Adtech Electricity Consumption Index and
| see if bitcoin would add up to even 1% of ads.
 
| snickms wrote:
| If the goal is to educate the public on the scale of power
| involved, a comparison with a commonly used service would help a
| lot IMHO. Something like 'Bitcoin consumes 14 times the energy of
| Google and half (according rough estimates) that of Youtube'
| would make things easier to grasp before hitting the reader with
| country comparisons.
| 
| FWIW here is my list of 'if a service were a country':
| 
| Google Guatemala
| 
| Bitcoin Argentina
| 
| Youtube South Africa (unreliable data)
| 
| [Edit] whoops - no references
| 
| https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+the+total+power+cons...
| 
| https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+the+total+power+cons...
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electrici...
 
  | flush wrote:
  | Thank you for such a high quality comment.
 
  | riffraff wrote:
  | I think the average person would find it easier to imagine the
  | consumption of a country than that of a an internet service.
  | 
  | Both are basically unintelligible, but at least the country one
  | is something that one can _imagine_ from their experience, if
  | wrongly (my house consumption:country consumption =
  | 1:population).
  | 
  | I bet few people on hackernews itself have any clue what the
  | energy consumption of google might be, and have no way of
  | relating to it.
 
| peter_retief wrote:
| I had a concept that used crop futures as a virtual currency,
| deforming a "cloth" with "root growth" to generate randomness.
| The money would go to finance food production and the currency
| would accrue an actual dividend once it reaches the market.
 
| ryanmarsh wrote:
| I do not understand the motivation behind the alarm of BTC mining
| energy utilization. In terms of pollution there are much easier
| targets with obvious net negatives for civilization. I'll give
| you one example, Teflon is a fantastic product but it does not
| need to coat every piece of cookware. PFOA's are likely in the
| blood of every American.
| 
| What motivations must one have to not see freeing billions of
| humans from the control of central banks as something good for
| humanity? Could the energy consumption of bitcoin mining be
| merely an engineering problem or are we being asked to eschew
| bitcoin mining (an cryptocurrencies) for the oh-so energy
| efficient global financial system?
| 
| Something smells...
 
| maxekman wrote:
| This is just ridiculous! I'm hoping for ETH with proof-of-stake
| to save the face of crypto soon.
 
| tekromancr wrote:
| Honestly, the only scheme I have seen that seems like a
| reasonable trade off of trustlessness and energy efficiency is
| DPoS.
 
| birracerveza wrote:
| This site is called Hacker News, and yet there is a surprising
| amount of resilience to accept the utility provided by Bitcoin
| and cryptocurrency, with the same old tirades that keep being
| repeated ever since Bitcoin was worth less than $1.
| 
| The ecosystem has grown and has been finding real world
| applications. If you are still of the opinion that cryptocurrency
| is exclusive to buying drugs, laundering money and scamming
| people, you have a lot of catching up to do.
 
  | louwrentius wrote:
  | I am very interested in actual real-world applications. Because
  | I'm following HN and I haven't seen any.
  | 
  | Currently, it seems to me that Bitcoin is mostly an enabler for
  | crypto-ransomware and other illegal stuff.
 
| durnygbur wrote:
| 15 years ago we had been leaving computers running in the
| background to download and share data over P2P networks, nowadays
| it's to mine cryptocurrencies. How sad.
 
| yrral wrote:
| This is a rehash of a previous post of mine regarding electricity
| consumption:
| 
| Back in the days where all our electricity came from fossil
| fuels, I completely agree that marginal electricity usage was bad
| for the environment. However I think that thought has persisted
| with us even though it is no longer true 100% of the time. With
| renewables sometimes the marginal cost of electricity to our
| environment is near 0 or even negative (eg, during periods of
| higher winds and lower demand.)
| 
| I predict that in the future as bitcoin mining becomes more and
| more of an efficiency game that you will see bitcoin mining be
| kind of a load balancer the grid, effectively turning off during
| peak demand (or low supply) times and contributing to the base
| load during regular times.
| 
| For example, it may even help the economics of building new wind
| plants. Eg, currently it may not be profitable to build a new
| wind plant because base load is too low that the excess power
| generated would need to be sold off at 0 or even negative prices.
| However if bitcoin mining could be turned on during these times
| and off during periods of high demand, there will need to be
| fewer peaker plants in operation and it would positively affect
| the economics of opening a new wind plant.
| 
| Bitcoin mining only cares about the cost of electricity at a
| given time, it is not like most other electricity demands that
| are very time based. With the large variance of electricity
| generation by renewables, I think bitcoin can in the future help
| smooth demand according to the real supply/demand curve.
| 
| It's kind of like a different implementation of the Tesla utility
| grid batteries. Instead of deploying power, you force the grid to
| build more renewable capacity (that the miners are paying for)
| that you use except in peak periods, where you turn off and
| effectively provide the grid with more power.
| 
| Edit: here is an article of a bitcoin mining company doing just
| that:
| 
| https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-01/bitcoin-m...
| https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2020/05/21/ho...
 
  | knuthsat wrote:
  | Using fossil fuels for electricity is very nice. Imagine all
  | the forests that stayed intact in remote places of the world
  | that just started burning oil.
 
  | lxgr wrote:
  | > Bitcoin mining only cares about the cost of electricity at a
  | given time
  | 
  | I think this is the fallacy in your argument:
  | 
  | In the absence of a block reward, Bitcoin mining seems like a
  | purely demand-driven activity. The demand is people wanting
  | their transactions be confirmed on-chain, which seems entirely
  | uncorrelated with electricity prices.
  | 
  | On the other side, you have miners wanting to operate at
  | marginal profit.
  | 
  | Total mining expenses would therefore be driven to always
  | exactly match the total monetary value of being able to
  | transact. In other words, the demand for transaction
  | confirmation drives the demand for mining, which in turn drives
  | the demand for electricity.
  | 
  | In a world in which the only electricity sources available are
  | renewable, I'd agree that Bitcoin mining has no net impact on
  | the environment. In any other world, some of that demand for
  | electricity will be satisfied using fossil fuels, directly or
  | indirectly.
 
  | donutloop wrote:
  | Nano coin is the answer
 
  | eternauta3k wrote:
  | Only turning on miners when electricity is cheap lowers your
  | ROI.
 
    | sneak wrote:
    | I think that depends entirely on the delta between "cheap"
    | and "normal" electricity.
 
  | obviouspenguin wrote:
  | I don't think this will work out for several reasons:
  | 
  | 1) Peak power usage is when people are awake - this is when you
  | want transactions to happen.
  | 
  | 2) This wouldn't reduce the need of peak plants, since you
  | aren't generating power when mining for bitcoin. How would
  | increasing overall energy consumption require less energy
  | generation? If renewables could ramp up/down quickly and not be
  | dependent on external factors - that would remove the need for
  | current peak plants - which is usually nat gas.
 
    | gruez wrote:
    | >1) Peak power usage is when people are awake - this is when
    | you want transactions to happen.
    | 
    | Mining is global, so this isn't an issue. It might be peak
    | period in europe right now (2PM UTC) but not in asia or
    | western US.
    | 
    | >This wouldn't reduce the need of peak plants, since you
    | aren't generating power when mining for bitcoin. How would
    | increasing overall energy consumption require less energy
    | generation?
    | 
    | This is a big unknown, because the economics depends entirely
    | on the cost of electricity vs the cost of equipment. If
    | electricity cost dominates, then it'd make sense to shut down
    | mining operations during periods of peak usage (because
    | electricity prices are higher), but if equipment costs
    | dominate then it'd make sense to mine 24/7.
 
  | cecja wrote:
  | England lost 80% oft their forest to industrialization before
  | fossil fuel came up.
 
  | tgv wrote:
  | As long as we need coal or gas plants, bitcoin mining is a net
  | negative for the environment. It also doesn't add anything of
  | value and facilitates crime. If you want to push bitcoin to low
  | demand hours via pricing, you're increasing the price for the
  | rest of us. It's a lose-lose-lose situation for people.
 
  | FabHK wrote:
  | > bitcoin mining be kind of a load balancer
  | 
  | Given that the difficulty adjusts only every 2 weeks, that
  | means that the time to find a block will vary enormously during
  | the day as the demand/supply imbalance varies. That'll make BTC
  | even more annoying than it is already (it's currently peak
  | electricity demand where most of the miners are sitting, so
  | I'll have to wait 3 hours for my 6 confirms?).
  | 
  | At any rate, you're basically saying that with renewable energy
  | it's ok to waste energy, and I think we are not quite there
  | yet.
 
    | gruez wrote:
    | >Given that the difficulty adjusts only every 2 weeks, that
    | means that the time to find a block will vary enormously
    | during the day as the demand/supply imbalance varies.
    | 
    | Isn't this a non-issue because mining is global? Peak time in
    | europe doesn't mean it's peak time in north america or east
    | asia.
 
      | FabHK wrote:
      | Interesting question. If miners are approximately evenly
      | distributed across timezones, it could be indeed the case,
      | say, that those where demand is currently at its peak
      | (following the sunlight) switch off their mining as
      | electricity is expensive, and then switch back on as the
      | sun leaves and electricity demand (and prices) fall.
      | 
      | I had assumed that mining is concentrated more. Empirical
      | question.
 
  | SamBam wrote:
  | I think that this is a great big stretch to try and justify
  | BitCoin mining. I don't know if you personally own BitCoin, but
  | I would say that this is a prime example of motivated
  | reasoning.
  | 
  | > or even negative
  | 
  | I can see no way that consuming more energy can result in an
  | improvement to the environment (unless that energy usage was
  | directly related to improving the environment). There is
  | absolutely no time where you can say "the more lights I leave
  | on, the better the climate will be," no matter what your energy
  | source is.
  | 
  | In general the rest of your argument can be summed up as "if
  | there is more demand for electricity, more utilities will build
  | renewable plants." The problem with this argument is that there
  | is already far more electricity being used than renewables can
  | supply, so there is already all the incentive needed to build
  | more plants.
  | 
  | As for the present-day, a BitCoin mining rig consumes whatever
  | proportion of fossils are inputs to that grid. If a grid is 50%
  | renewable and 50% fossil, you can't pretend that you're
  | consuming only the renewable portion. Indeed, the opposite may
  | be true: renewables generally just produce their max output,
  | the fossils can ramp up and down to meet higher demand. So it's
  | best to think of the fossils as the ones that are rising to
  | supply any "unnecessary" usage.
  | 
  | > where you turn off and effectively provide the grid with more
  | power
  | 
  | This is again pretty striking motivated reasoning. Yes, if we
  | turn off all non-essential lights during peak hours we are kind
  | of "supplying the grid" with more energy, but if we build a
  | huge energy-suck, and then occasionally turn it off, we don't
  | get to pretend we are actually energy suppliers. If I set fire
  | to $1000 of my company's money every day, I don't get to
  | pretend I earned them $1000 on the days when I don't.
 
    | paystaxes wrote:
    | > I can see no way that consuming more energy can result in
    | an improvement to the environment (unless that energy usage
    | was directly related to improving the environment).
    | 
    | Literally the entire point of the comment you are responding
    | to was to outline how bitcoin mining can help support the
    | economic viability of renewable energy projects like wind
    | farms.
 
      | SamBam wrote:
      | And since we already use far more electricity than
      | renewables generate, I dismissed this concern in my
      | comment.
      | 
      | I mean, if that were valid, wouldn't it be more
      | environmental if we all just left the lights on 24 hours a
      | day? Or turned on thousands of A/C units outdoors?
      | 
      | It's like saying my burning $1000/day of my company's money
      | incentives the company to earn more money, so it's actually
      | a good thing.
 
        | paystaxes wrote:
        | I don't think you're understanding the point being made.
        | It's not simply that bitcoin consumes energy, but about
        | the economics of renewable energy infrastructure.
        | Building a renewable project large enough to power an
        | entire city during peak hours often does not make
        | economic sense because of the large fluctuations in
        | consumption. But, if you have a bitcoin mine that you can
        | flip on to consume the excess energy during off hours,
        | suddenly the economic viability is completely different.
 
    | bhupy wrote:
    | I think that this critique severely mischaracterizes the
    | argument: we're not just talking about the merits of blindly
    | consuming electricity ("leaving the lights on forever"),
    | we're talking about what happens when you attach a financial
    | incentive to consuming electricity structured in such a way
    | that your net profit increases if you spend less on that
    | energy.
    | 
    | For Bitcoin miners, the input is energy, and the output is
    | money. This means that there is now possibly an incentive to
    | make available cheaper sources of energy, and right now that
    | happens to be wind and solar (at least per kWh).
    | 
    | It's worth litigating whether such an incentive actually
    | exists, or if it does exist whether it will actually
    | stimulate green energy development, or whether cheap energy
    | is always going to be clean energy. These are interesting
    | debates. But it's impossible to talk about Bitcoin as long as
    | we mischaracterize the arguments.
 
      | SamBam wrote:
      | You have the supply-demand curve backwards. If there is
      | more consumption of electricity, that raises the price, it
      | doesn't make it cheaper. Of course the bitcoin miners would
      | like to buy it cheaper. The power companies would like to
      | make it more expensive. Economics dictates that their
      | meeting point will be higher with more demand.
      | 
      | You're describing it as if BitCoin miners have the ability
      | to construct their own gigawatt power plant.
      | 
      | But even if they did, the argument is still "If I use more
      | electricity, and I/they create more green power plants to
      | match my demand, the environment is better off."
      | 
      | If I burn 100 TWh/yr of electricity, and they build a power
      | plant for me that supplies 100 TWh/yr of green power, how,
      | exactly, have I reduced the demand for fossil fuels? I'm
      | burning all the new green energy that's being created!
 
        | bhupy wrote:
        | > If there is more consumption of electricity, that
        | raises the price, it doesn't make it cheaper. Of course
        | the bitcoin miners would like to buy it cheaper. The
        | power companies would like to make it more expensive.
        | Economics dictates that their meeting point will be
        | higher with more demand.
        | 
        | First of all, economics dictates that supply will catch
        | up to meet the demand as long as the barrier to entry is
        | low. You'd be right if there was a cartel in green energy
        | -- but there's not. As long as supply is elastic, high
        | prices are always transient.
        | 
        | > You're describing it as if BitCoin miners have the
        | ability to construct their own gigawatt power plant.
        | 
        | No, I'm describing it as if BitCoin miners have the
        | ability to set up ASICs powered by solar panels in the
        | middle of a desert in Nevada. Somewhat high upfront cost,
        | but effectively zero marginal cost of power. What's being
        | stimulated here is the demand for accessible solar panels
        | that can be quickly/cheaply installed.
        | 
        | > If I burn 100 TWh/yr of electricity, and they build a
        | power plant for me that supplies 100 TWh/yr of green
        | power, how, exactly, have I reduced the demand for fossil
        | fuels? I'm burning all the new green energy that's being
        | created!
        | 
        | But again, that presupposes that there's some fixed
        | supply. Supply also changes, and it responds to demand.
        | This is the core thesis behind Keynesian stimulus, and
        | why inflation doesn't necessarily follow from stimulating
        | demand.
        | 
        | Now, baked into all of my points here is the assumption
        | that the barrier to entry for new supply is low. It might
        | not be! That's, I think, the more interesting question.
        | The market conditions could also change making it easier
        | and easier to spin up a solar farm, or spin up a wind-
        | farm.
 
        | SamBam wrote:
        | > But again, that presupposes that there's some fixed
        | supply.
        | 
        | No, it doesn't! Exactly the opposite!
        | 
        | Again: if a BitCoin miner generates 1 TWh/yr of their
        | _own_ electricity, how does that reduce the burning of
        | fossil fuels?
        | 
        | Likewise, if power companies create more green power to
        | supply the needs of BitCoin miners, how does that reduce
        | the burning of fossil fuels? You're simply consuming
        | whatever new green energy you're creating.
        | 
        | So the whole "it will make power companies produce more
        | green energy, and therefore it's good for the planet"
        | argument falls flat.
 
        | bhupy wrote:
        | > No, it doesn't! Exactly the opposite!
        | 
        | How?
        | 
        | > Again: if a BitCoin miner generates 1 TWh/yr of their
        | own electricity, how does that reduce the burning of
        | fossil fuels?
        | 
        | First of all, if a BitCoin miner can generate 1 TWh/year
        | of their own electricity without burning fossil fuels,
        | then the entire argument around Bitcoin electricity use
        | is moot. Second of all, the only way a BitCoin miner can
        | generate 1TWh/year of their own electricity is if they
        | have access to the tools/infrastructure necessary to set
        | up their own power generation -- and the demand for that
        | tooling/infrastructure stimulates the development and
        | promulgation of it.
        | 
        | > Likewise, if power companies create more green power to
        | supply the needs of BitCoin miners, how does that reduce
        | the burning of fossil fuels? You're simply consuming
        | whatever new green energy you're creating.
        | 
        | Again, because if you dust off your "economics" argument,
        | when demand increases, cost increases. Then when cost
        | increases, as long as supply is elastic, it increases to
        | meet the demand. The demand for green energy, today, is
        | increasing at a natural/slow pace, but if you have a
        | financialized industry that demands high volumes of it,
        | you supercharge the development of infrastructure on the
        | supply side -- enough that eventually the majority of
        | electricity supply is green.
        | 
        | > So the whole "it will make power companies produce more
        | green energy, and therefore it's good for the planet"
        | argument falls flat.
        | 
        | You really haven't explained how. Your entire argument
        | presupposes fixed supply. Maybe that's true, but you'll
        | then have to make the case for _why_ the supply of green
        | energy (or tooling /infrastructure) is fixed.
        | 
        | As it stands, right now, there's a lot of money to be
        | made selling solar panels. If industries mobilize to
        | cheaply produce easy-to-deploy solar panels at scale,
        | that is good for _everyone_.
 
        | yrral wrote:
        | > Again: if a BitCoin miner generates 1 TWh/yr of their
        | own electricity, how does that reduce the burning of
        | fossil fuels?
        | 
        | Simple, during times where peaker plants need to run
        | (because electricity demand is higher than supply), these
        | miners can shut off, giving the grid more green power.
        | Now these peaker plants (which generally burn
        | coal/natural gas) don't need to exist or run anymore.
 
| nacho2sweet wrote:
| All the people defending BTC because they a vested interest is
| hilarious. Ahhhh yes lets develop clean energy solutions to mine
| it before solving all the actual other clean power needs in the
| world.
 
| timwaagh wrote:
| At some point these transaction costs would effectively make
| further gains impossible.
 
| yalogin wrote:
| Why do they have to mine bitcoins at this point? There are enough
| in the market just transact and trade with them.
 
  | sparkie wrote:
  | Mining is the process by which new blocks of transactions get
  | added to the ledger. There are no transactions if nobody is
  | mining.
  | 
  | When a miner mines a block, they are rewarded with the sum of
  | all fees paid by transactions in the block, plus a subsidy,
  | which is 50 >> height/210000. The subsidy is the process by
  | which the available bitcoin supply is released into the market
  | - a predictable rate which cannot be accelerated. Miners can
  | chose to NOT claim the subsidy if they want, but would be doing
  | so at their own loss.
 
| jpxw wrote:
| I'm no expert, but https://nano.org/ seems to solve this quite
| nicely.
 
| klntsky wrote:
| Why don't we care about how dynamic typing contributes to global
| energy consumption? Runtime overhead for preserving type info in
| memory (on large quantity of machines) is probably comparable to
| crypto mining (which is performed on very few machines in
| comparison).
 
| zachrip wrote:
| btc considered harmful
 
| ninesigns wrote:
| It's worth noting that current bitcoin capitalization ($600B) is
| also more than Argentina GDP ($445B), so it can be said that
| bitcoin users constitute a rather significant (bit)nation on this
| planet.
 
| divs1210 wrote:
| How much electricity does the world monetary system use?
 
| wruza wrote:
| Time to add another thing to Drake equation: Fb - the fraction of
| civilizations who didn't fall prey for proof of work consensus.
| Others are invisible, cause they are very advanced, but all they
| do is mining crypto for food. To eat a sandwich you have to prove
| that it's yours and a consensus is that it costs few MWh. Small
| islands of non-crypto trust appear millenia by millenia, but they
| are slowly marked as communism and disbanded by military
| consensus. It would be much faster, if military smart contract
| balance legacy didn't require a petawatt-hour to sign one
| resolution with all conditionals, involving century-long testing
| of its code. Thankfully these groups do not form too often,
| because when you're born, there is already a set of smart
| contracts that your ggggg-parent signed for your kin to obey.
| Maybe your ggg-children will have a chance with other families,
| if they manage to meet in the same aeon.
 
| sharpneli wrote:
| At that rate and assuming 4tx per second a single Bitcoin
| transaction consumes 165kWh. A Tesla battery is bit over 50kWh.
| So let's round that to 3 full charges of Tesla battery.
| 
| That's 350km/220 miles of range per charge. In total 1050km or
| 660 miles of driving.
| 
| So basically if you want to transfer money and the recipient is
| closer than 660 miles from you it's more efficient to just get a
| bunch of bills, drive there with a Tesla rather than send a
| Bitcoin transaction. Or alternatively 330 miles roundtrip. For
| each single transaction.
| 
| It is hilariously inefficient system. It is literally better to
| drive a full car and give things physically than use Bitcoin.
| 
| A small addenum: Visa apparently uses 146kWh for 100000
| transactions. Coming at 1.46wH per transaction. That can drive a
| Tesla for 9 meters (0.4 seconds of driving at 80km/h) or
| alternatively keep a nice led lamp lit for an hour. And that
| includes everything the company does, not just the actual
| transaction but the upkeep of their offices etc divided by the
| amount of transactions they perform per year.
| 
| EDIT:
| 
| Apparently on 2020 it was 741kWh per transaction in practice
| and/or I made a tiny error in my calculation. Either way it's
| even better!
| 
| https://www.statista.com/statistics/881541/bitcoin-energy-co...
| 
| That simply increases the ranges so that it becomes a 3600 mile
| trip. Or 1800 mile roundtrip.
 
  | pawsed wrote:
  | This isn't exactly an rebuttal to your argument, but 74% of
  | energy that Bitcoin used to power it's network was renewable
  | energy [1], that's more than you can say for most countries.
  | While the network itself is inefficient, I think the philosophy
  | of "why bitcoin", is always amiss in these arguments.
  | Everything can be made more efficient.
  | 
  | Edit: 39% of energy used is renewable, not really sure how that
  | doesn't matter.
  | 
  | [1] https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/36672/renewable-
  | energy-....
 
    | rcxdude wrote:
    | That article actually states the opposite: 74% of miners use
    | some renewable energy. Only 39% of energy used comes from
    | renewable sources, and most of it is hydroelectric, which is
    | limited so miners demand for it is likely crowding out other
    | users from it. The remainder mostly consists of coal and
    | natural gas (there's a popular idea that miners use or can
    | use the excess energy usage which occasionally comes from
    | wind or solar, but the cost of the hardware they use prevents
    | it: they will run the hardware 100% of the time to pay for
    | it, so they represent a strong base load on the system, not a
    | convenient energy sink for excess renewable generation).
 
    | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
    | Doesn't matter, really. Bitcoin is secured by waste. Maybe
    | the money is burned in coal-fired power plants, maybe it's
    | burned buying "mining" equipment, maybe it's burned building
    | wind turbines. All of those things are polluting and all of
    | them use manpower and natural resources.
    | 
    | If Bitcoin transitions to 100% renewable energy, then it will
    | just use more of it to achieve the same amount of money-
    | burning. The economics stay the same.
 
    | newswasboring wrote:
    | Read two paragraphs below what in your own link.
    | 
    | >However, the CCAF's report specifies that the 76% refers to
    | the share of hashers who use renewable energy at any point.
    | It estimates that only 39% of hashing's total energy
    | consumption comes from renewables.
    | 
    | > Behind hydroelectricity, coal (38%) and natural gas (36%)
    | are the energy sources hashers favour most.
 
      | fastball wrote:
      | Yes, but only because electricity from those sources is
      | cheaper. Green up the grid (pls nuclear) and no problems.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | Bitcoin people keep trying to score points and if they
        | can't they move the goal post. You tried to get the green
        | energy point but when you can't get it its like "yeah...
        | duh nobody else can either". The what are you good for
        | and why do people constantly bring up this false stat.
 
        | pawsed wrote:
        | Not moving any goal posts here, I just meant to say that
        | some part of the energy usage is renewable, and we as
        | mankind have been moving towards more energy consumption
        | each year anyway. In the coming years, we'll start using
        | more renewable energy.
        | 
        | As far as the question what are you good for is
        | concerned, we've been printing money at an alarming rate
        | ever since 2008 crisis, if the new stimulus is passed,
        | the us will have printed 40% of all dollars in existence
        | in the past year alone, I don't know how you think that
        | won't cause inflation/it's acceptable that the cost of
        | printing is borne by other countries because the us
        | dollar is the international reserve currency. Bitcoin has
        | been adopting a store of value narrative and is
        | synonymous with digital gold at this point, so in effect
        | a hedge against inflation.
        | 
        | Two, I'm not sure if you relate with it or not, but maybe
        | we just believe in decentralization of financial
        | institutions just a little bit more than you do, everyone
        | who got burned because of banks in the past decade has
        | developed a deep distrust of the modern financial system.
 
  | kerng wrote:
  | I think your analysis shows how valuable (literally) Bitcoin
  | actually is.
 
  | frongpik wrote:
  | Are you saying that if I send you $100 worth of bitcoins, the
  | network would spend 700 kWh? I find that hard to believe.
 
    | xorcist wrote:
    | Not really. The network spends those kWh whether you send
    | your transaction or not.
    | 
    | It's also worth to note that nobody really knows how many kW
    | miners really burn. All the figures are more or less educated
    | guesses from the efficiency of equipment sold publicly. If
    | someone has a more efficient method they probably won't share
    | it.
    | 
    | But nobody accused Bitcoin of being efficient, ever. That's
    | what almost everyone notices when reading about it first
    | time.
 
    | aakilfernandes wrote:
    | Analyses like this just take the energy cost of each block of
    | transactions and divide it by the amount of transactions in
    | the block. If the number of transactions in a block doubles,
    | the average energy cost per transaction is halved.
    | 
    | Another way of stating it is "the marginal energy usage of a
    | bitcoin transaction is essentially 0".
 
      | MereInterest wrote:
      | Except that there is a maximum number of transactions per
      | block. Across the entire network, by design, there can
      | never be more than 5 transactions per second. This is
      | stupidly small. If people received their biweekly paychecks
      | in bitcoin, only 6 million people could be paid without
      | going over that transaction limit, assuming that absolutely
      | nothing else is done using bitcoin.
      | 
      | The marginal energy usage being zero is another way of
      | saying that Bitcoin wastes the tremendous amount of energy
      | that it does even if nobody is using it at the time.
 
      | rcxdude wrote:
      | Yes, but the number of transactions in 'bitcoin' as it's
      | currently defined is severely limited (blocks are already
      | full at a $15 per transaction cost). Conceptually, making
      | something which increases the transaction count involves
      | forking bitcoin, and a fork which aimed to do exactly that
      | was denounced heavily by the community and rejected by the
      | markets. The marginal cost may be small but the cost per
      | transaction is high, by design, and by design which has
      | extremely heavy resistance to even small and simple
      | changes.
 
      | UncleMeat wrote:
      | But the number of transactions in a block is fixed.
      | 
      | We went through this with BTC/BCH. The BTC folks did not
      | want to increase block size.
 
    | moonbug wrote:
    | ...and yet it is so.
    | 
    | Total energy required to mine one block / # transactions per
    | block.
 
    | MereInterest wrote:
    | That is exactly correct. Bitcoin's inefficiency is
    | tremendous, its throughput minimal, and by design it cannot
    | scale.
 
      | frongpik wrote:
      | How did bitcoin network transacted $90 billions just
      | yesterday? By spending more energy than the entire world
      | has ever produced?
 
        | MereInterest wrote:
        | The cost is per transaction, not per amount transferred.
        | A small transaction takes just as much space in the
        | ledger as a large transaction.
        | 
        | A fun thought experiment is to see just how limited the
        | throughput of Bitcoin is. Suppose the Bitcoin enthusiasts
        | were to get their wish and Bitcoin becomes the dominant
        | "currency". If every person on the planet were to make a
        | bitcoin transaction once if their lifetime, that alone
        | would be too many transactions/second for the network to
        | handle.
 
        | frongpik wrote:
        | Sounds like a single bitcoin transaction is like
        | transferring a few billion dollars at a time.
 
        | MereInterest wrote:
        | Pretty much. It is only useful in cases where you are
        | making very large transactions. At that point, you have
        | few enough actors that setting up a trusted network is
        | far, far cheaper and more flexible. The trustless nature
        | of Bitcoin is what makes it unscalable.
 
        | martinko wrote:
        | Its not correct. The network spends this energy either
        | ways, and it not only allows transactions to happen but
        | it is integral to securing funds that are not moving.
        | Dividing the energy consumption by number of transactions
        | is therefore nonsense.
 
        | Darmody wrote:
        | The power usage is the same if you transfer $100 worth of
        | BTC or $100 billion.
 
        | frongpik wrote:
        | What happens if a few millions people send 5 bucks worth
        | of bitcoin? A global power outage?
 
        | MereInterest wrote:
        | Depends on the transaction fees associated with those
        | transfers. If those millions of people also post higher-
        | than-average transaction fees, then the Bitcoin network
        | prioritizes those payments, and cannot process any other
        | transfers.
 
        | Darmody wrote:
        | They would have to wait a lot. Also a fee is almost $20
        | now. So they would make a bad and slow deal.
 
        | frongpik wrote:
        | That seems like a natural rate limiter that would prevent
        | wasting any meaningful amount of energy on bitcoin.
 
        | imtringued wrote:
        | That transaction fee will be used to run more miners and
        | thus increase the energy usage.
 
        | sharpneli wrote:
        | Bitcoin transaction value has nothing to do with it's
        | energy consumption. So moving a cent or a million both
        | cost the same.
 
  | raziel2701 wrote:
  | This is amazing and absolutely crazy! Thanks for the analysis.
  | It's still not going to convince the cultists that are hodling
  | it unfortunately.
 
  | jude- wrote:
  | Bitcoin transactions take negligible amounts of electricity to
  | produce and validate. The fact that you can spin up a Bitcoin
  | node on a Raspberry Pi is trivial proof of this.
  | 
  | Block production, on the other hand, takes as much energy as
  | the market will bear.
 
    | minsc__and__boo wrote:
    | Bitcoin transactions are worthless unless put into blocks,
    | and blocks have a cap for transactions.
 
      | jude- wrote:
      | The parent was talking about the cost per transaction being
      | high. In reality, that number is basically 0.
      | 
      | The entire cost of Bitcoin mining is in block production,
      | no matter how many or few transactions there are. If you're
      | going to get mad about the energy use, at least direct it
      | towards the right target.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | jiveturkey wrote:
  | You didn't include the production cost (energy input) to make
  | the paper bills. I can only assume it's negligible but perhaps
  | that should be stated.
  | 
  | The maintenance cost of the Tesla, however, is not neglibible.
  | 660 miles will have measurable/accountable tire wear.
  | 
  | Most importantly, you didn't account for the utility value of
  | the power. Teslas are charged with power that would otherwise
  | be saved, and would not produce CO2, etc. Whereas my
  | understanding is that BTC are mostly mined with excess power
  | that would just go to waste if not used, eg "surplus" hydro
  | generation. Of course that's not completely the case, but any
  | analysis must be "full lifecycle" to hold any water.
 
  | nulbyte wrote:
  | > That simply increases the ranges so that it becomes a 3600
  | mile trip. Or 1800 mile roundtrip.
  | 
  | It would still be 3600 miles round trip. A round trip is just a
  | two-way trip; the driving distance is still the same.
 
  | nostrademons wrote:
  | Say you want to transfer a billion dollars 3000 miles. A
  | billion dollars is 10 million Benjamins, which weighs 10 tons.
  | You're not fitting that in a Tesla. More likely, you'll put it
  | in an armored car and hire a few armed guards to go along with
  | it. If you need to transport it overseas, you need a freighter
  | (and a week) too. Now the energy cost of that Bitcoin
  | transaction doesn't seem so bad.
  | 
  | The institutional interest in Bitcoin I've seen lately seems to
  | assume a thesis of dollar depreciation and Bitcoin usurping its
  | role as the global reserve currency. Ordinary people are not
  | going to transact in Bitcoin under this thesis: they'll use
  | dollars, pounds, deutchmarks, lira, yuan, etc. for their
  | ordinary domestic transactions. Only banks, importers, and
  | other major financial institutions need to convert the local
  | currency into Bitcoin and settle up on the international
  | markets, and these transactions will be in the tens-of-
  | billions. Most of Bitcoin's drawbacks go away with this use-
  | case - it doesn't matter that the network is limited to 4 TPS
  | when only ~hundreds of transactions are conducted daily, and
  | the energy use per transaction is similarly minimized.
  | Bitcoin's advantages in trustlessness and lack of a central
  | authority are hugely important in international relations,
  | where nobody trusts anybody else and there's no higher
  | authority to appeal to.
  | 
  | (Stellar's even better for this use-case, and has had a similar
  | recent run-up, but currencies have strong network effects and
  | it's unlikely that Stellar could get the name recognition or
  | trust that Bitcoin has gotten.)
 
    | EastSmith wrote:
    | I can see smaller bitcoin transactions running on an
    | alternative networks like Stellar, where assets (like
    | bitcoin, USD, etc) can be issued by a trusted 3rd party.
 
    | jostmey wrote:
    | So what? Almost all transactions are going to be
    | significantly smaller than a billion people usd. You are just
    | focusing on an edge case. Bitcoin is a horrible system for
    | conducting the vast majority of transactions.
 
    | volgar1x wrote:
    | Deutsche Marks do not exist anymore.
 
      | nostrademons wrote:
      | Many of the same people who buy the Bitcoin-as-global-
      | reserve-currency scenario also believe the Euro is going to
      | collapse. It has known problems as a monetary union without
      | a fiscal union, which lead to periodic bailout crises.
      | 
      | Here "deutsche mark" (and lira, which is another dead
      | currency) are stand-ins for whatever national currency
      | emerges after a Euro collapse. It may not be called that,
      | but the point is that there will be some German national
      | currency that settles up into Bitcoin in the international
      | markets.
 
    | nevi-me wrote:
    | > The institutional interest in Bitcoin I've seen lately
    | seems to assume a thesis of dollar depreciation and Bitcoin
    | usurping its role as the global reserve currency.
    | 
    | Aren't we losing the assumed federation in this system? A
    | country whose banking system is under strain (Nigeria) or has
    | collapsed (Zimbabwe) will have a bad-faith government acting
    | to constrain the free-flow of money (because they want a
    | transaction-fee cut).
    | 
    | Wouldn't that still lead to me wanting to go buy my groceries
    | with BTC? Do we create a localised version/model where people
    | can transact with each other without touching the blockchain
    | (because of the low throughput), or how do we address this
    | use-case; as it seems to be the most attractive one?
    | 
    | Has the energy requirement peaked, or is it still going to
    | increase? Linearly or not?
 
      | nostrademons wrote:
      | It'd have a similar role as gold. In cases state failure,
      | you absolutely do have people trying to buy groceries with
      | gold coins. But it's inconvenient, and people tend to run
      | out of gold coins. So the incentives - when times are good
      | - run toward normal credit systems like Visa & Mastercard,
      | and hard currencies gain adoption only when times are bad.
      | 
      | Similarly, we've had folks transacting personally with
      | Bitcoin in Venezuela and Zimbabwe. It tends to work out
      | fairly well for them - at least their money holds value.
      | But transaction costs in Bitcoin during the 2017 bubble
      | were about $20/transaction, which makes it a pretty high-
      | friction experience for groceries. There's a lot of market
      | pressure to create other solutions (Lightning Network?
      | Stellar? Local fintech companies?) for payments when
      | Bitcoin costs $20 for everything.
 
      | Sleepytime wrote:
      | >Do we create a localised version/model where people can
      | transact with each other without touching the blockchain
      | 
      | This is what the lightning network is for: scalable,
      | instant, low-cost, and off-chain TXs. All transactions
      | between the opening and closing of a payment channel are
      | consolidated into two TXs. One to open it another to close
      | it. This means energy cost per TX goes down pretty
      | significantly with adoption.
 
    | dpweb wrote:
    | The problem w Bitcoin as a global reserve currency is that it
    | cannot be manipulated by the nation-state. Manipulation in
    | this case is not a bad thing it is actually a safety feature
    | for society against pure supply/demand dynamics. The
    | prevailing wisdom is that having a fiat currency which value
    | and velocity can be manipulated by, granted the Fed Reserve
    | is a quasi govt agency, in times of emergency helps preserve
    | the social order and smooth fluctuations. So Bitcoin has no
    | value as a reserve currency unless it could be manipulated by
    | the state, which it can't, so it won't.
 
    | Green_man wrote:
    | I'm not very well informed on the modern banking system, but
    | I remember hearing an anecdote about banks flying people with
    | bags of checks on airplanes to handle exchanges (before the
    | system was updated in the 70s iirc). In your example of
    | transferring a billion dollars in cash 3000 miles, couldn't
    | that transfer be done using the banking system for much
    | cheaper than the armored car and guards? Is the metaphor
    | valid only for transactions that don't want to trust some
    | third party? Is there some reason why moving a billion
    | dollars cash is something that anyone other than the CIA
    | would want to do? I'm also curious about your claim:
    | 
    | > Bitcoin's advantages in trustlessness and lack of a central
    | authority are hugely important in international relations,
    | where nobody trusts anybody else and there's no higher
    | authority to appeal to.
    | 
    | Is this really true? I mean, what do large international
    | exchanges use now? A majority of them certainly don't
    | currently use bitcoin. Many large banks have a significant
    | international presence, and most parties interested in
    | exchanging can find a bank they both trust.
 
      | nostrademons wrote:
      | We've got plenty of mechanisms (SWIFT, ACH, wire transfers)
      | that work pretty well for large electronic inter-bank
      | transfers _within the same monetary authority_. The trouble
      | is what happens when you want to trade between currencies.
      | 
      | Say that I want to buy a DJI drone, which is made in China.
      | The workers who made the drone all get paid in yuan. I get
      | paid in dollars. I want to spend my dollars on Amazon,
      | receive a drone, and have those dollars automagically
      | converted into yuan to pay DJI. Behind the scenes, Amazon
      | takes my orders and my dollars, and has a contract with DJI
      | to send them a certain number of yuan. Similarly, behind
      | the scenes DJI is spending yuan to buy ads on Google.cn
      | (hypothetically), which Google then wants to turn into
      | dollars so it can pay my salary. Both Amazon and Google
      | have relationships with banking institutions, so they say
      | "I need to convert $X of dollars in CNY=0.15X of yuan".
      | 
      | The banks net out all the purchases made by Americans with
      | the purchases made by Chinese, and then they need to trade
      | on the currency exchange markets for any shortfall. On the
      | national level, the shortfall is called the current account
      | deficit, which has been persistently growing since 1991:
      | 
      | https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/483/economics/why-us-
      | curr...
      | 
      | That article lists a lot of hypotheses for why the current
      | account deficit has been growing for the last 30 years, but
      | the primary one relevant to this thread is the dollar's
      | status as the world reserve currency. This means a few
      | things:
      | 
      | 1) Historically, since WW2, the U.S. has been the most
      | economically stable nation in the world, and so holding
      | U.S. government debt is the most stable place you can park
      | any excess savings that you get from a current account
      | surplus.
      | 
      | 2) Because of this stability, a lot of trade in _other_
      | currency markets is denominated in dollars. Rather than
      | trade directly between Iranian rial and Chinese yuan, Iran
      | takes the dollars they receive for oil, pays China for
      | infrastructure improvements with them, and then China
      | converts the dollars into yuan to pay their employees. (In
      | practice it 's a bit more complicated because since 2015
      | China has been doing their best to reduce their dollar
      | holdings, so now China might pay Caterpillar or Bechtel to
      | build a road in Zimbabwe, with a contract that lets China
      | take over the road if Zimbabwe defaults on the loan that
      | funds it.)
      | 
      | 3) Oil is priced in dollars, meaning that most countries on
      | earth need to buy excess dollars in order to afford a
      | fundamental energy source.
      | 
      | The dollar's status as a reserve currency means that the
      | U.S. can get away with certain things that would cause
      | other countries to default. For example, take the recent
      | $6T COVID stimulus. Who's paying for that? It's literally
      | holders of U.S. treasuries: all the countries that have
      | sold more to the U.S. than they've bought and parked the
      | excess in treasury bond purchases. They're not exactly
      | happy about that, but the U.S. controls the world supply of
      | both dollars and of U.S. government debt, so if you own
      | either of those, you are at the mercy of the U.S.
      | government's decision to print more.
      | 
      | This is where the trustless aspect of Bitcoin comes in. You
      | _know_ that the supply of Bitcoin is fixed. If you settled
      | up your current account deficit in Bitcoin instead of
      | dollars, you know that you 'll have an asset that you can
      | trade back at a later date, and that the supply of that
      | asset will not have increased (devaluing your own
      | holdings). This makes it very appealing to other
      | governments who are sick of bankrolling Americans'
      | propensity to consume more than they produce. It's
      | potentially bad for Americans (though the effect of this is
      | complex: it might actually bring manufacturing back to the
      | U.S at the expense of the financial industry, because a
      | major reason U.S. manufacturing is non-competitive is
      | because the dollar is overvalued, which is because the
      | dollar is the world's reserve currency), but it's good for
      | foreign countries with a trade surplus, and for holders of
      | Bitcoin.
 
        | Green_man wrote:
        | This is very helpful, thanks. I guess the part I'm still
        | confused on is the link to bitcoin:
        | 
        | >You know that the supply of Bitcoin is fixed. If you
        | settled up your current account deficit in Bitcoin
        | instead of dollars, you know that you'll have an asset
        | that you can trade back at a later date, and that the
        | supply of that asset will not have increased (devaluing
        | your own holdings).
        | 
        | Doesn't the historic price volatility of bitcoin make it
        | a very poor solution for these problems? Despite the
        | supply being semi-fixed (for now), the value in USD or
        | Yuan or whatever is the furthest thing from fixed. It's
        | gained more than 8% in the last five days, and lost ~4%
        | today alone. I guess if these were all very short term
        | conversions USD --> BTC --> Yuan and vice versa, then
        | maybe price volatility would burn users less often, but
        | they'd still get burned eventually. In my mind, Bitcoin
        | has inherent risk (in volatile pricing), and
        | transactional cost (measured in either time or fees, as I
        | understand it). As long as the (risk + fees) of BTC are
        | greater than the fees charged by banks for money
        | conversions, I don't expect widespread adoption.
 
        | nostrademons wrote:
        | It's important to make a distinction between price
        | volatility _now_ , when Bitcoin is a speculative asset
        | that _might_ become useful in the future, vs. the price
        | volatility if it actually _does_ become useful. They have
        | different dynamics.
        | 
        | Imagine that AMC launches a promotion where they announce
        | that once COVID is over and theaters reopen, you will be
        | able to exchange acorns for movie tickets. You'd expect a
        | mad scramble for acorns, because a useless nut will
        | suddenly become tradable for something of value to many
        | people. When all the acorns have been snatched up, you'd
        | expect a trade to commence in acorns themselves, with
        | people paying for them on the expectation that they're
        | convertible to tickets worth something in the future.
        | Moreover, AMC didn't announce a _price_ for this
        | conversion, so there 's a lot of uncertainty about what
        | acorns are actually worth. If AMC then says "Oh, by the
        | way, acorns will be the _only_ way you can pay for movie
        | tickets in the future, and we won 't accept dollars",
        | then you might see acorns bid up to totally brain-dead
        | levels, because there's no ceiling for how high it might
        | go, and you know that you _won 't_ be able to go to the
        | movies with dollars anymore. Only when theaters actually
        | reopen, and you find out how many people have acorns and
        | how many people want to see movies, can you put an
        | accurate price on them.
        | 
        | This is analogous to the scenario where the dollar loses
        | its reserve currency status. You don't know what the
        | eventual valuation of each country's local currency will
        | be against Bitcoin. You do know that the dollar is going
        | to be worth less. So you can get wild price swings as
        | people FOMO into Bitcoin but have no accurate data to
        | base their purchase price on.
        | 
        | Once a switchover does occur, then yes, the price of
        | Bitcoin will still be volatile. But this volatility is
        | the point! The idea is for each country's local currency
        | to float up or down until it equalizes the demand for the
        | country's imports & exports. So if American manufacturing
        | is uncompetitive, few people will desire American goods,
        | which means there will be little demand for dollars
        | relative to Bitcoin, which means that the price of the
        | dollar relative to Bitcoin will fall. Falling dollar
        | prices mean that foreign countries can get more American
        | goods for a given amount of Bitcoin, which raises the
        | price-competitiveness of American exports, which raises
        | the demand for dollars. Eventually you end up with
        | equilibrium prices that reflect the overall
        | competitiveness of the country's economy within the
        | global economy. As a country produces more & higher value
        | goods, the value of their currency relative to Bitcoin
        | will rise, and they can afford to consume more. As a
        | country's industry declines, the value of its currency
        | will decline as well, which makes its product attractive
        | as a low-cost alternative.
 
    | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
    | What percentage of transactions are 1 billion dollars? I'm
    | pretty sure VISA has never had anything over $10M.
    | 
    | This is excessively hypothetical.
    | 
    | The more obvious benefit is that a Tesla can't drive 3000
    | miles in 15 minutes. But a VISA transaction is faster and
    | uses 1/100,000th the electricity. And neither are
    | "anonymous".
 
      | [deleted]
 
    | perseusprime11 wrote:
    | Correct. Ultimately, we will end up using Bitcoin as an asset
    | and less for transactions. It is a better version of Gold.
 
    | Nition wrote:
    | This is like arguing that station wagons full of tape drives
    | could one day replace the Internet.
 
  | willmadden wrote:
  | The 4 transactions per second is an artificial cap that is not
  | associated with the power consumption of Bitcoin. The answer
  | was, and is, to increase the maximum block size parameter,
  | preferably making it dynamic.
 
  | ad31mar wrote:
  | https://www.coindesk.com/what-bloomberg-gets-wrong-about-bit...
 
  | rattlesnakedave wrote:
  | You are leaving out significant amounts of energy consumed in
  | the legacy financial system.
  | 
  | Those bills cost energy to produce. The bank had to be built.
  | There was a teller there, did they spend any energy driving to
  | the bank that day? Did you use a duffel bag? Where'd that come
  | from? Etc.
  | 
  | I'm not sure that any of this is meaningful in any way.
 
    | anigbrowl wrote:
    | _Those bills cost energy to produce. The bank had to be
    | built. There was a teller there, did they spend any energy
    | driving to the bank that day? Did you use a duffel bag?
    | Where'd that come from? Etc._
    | 
    | Just like the mining rigs that produce bitcoin. It seems like
    | you're conflating fixed costs (of plant and machinery) with
    | marginal costs (of exchanging some amount of BTC vs fiat).
 
    | UncleMeat wrote:
    | How many people go speak to a bank teller to transfer funds?
    | My bank can give me a mortgage for my home. The banking
    | system is doing way way way more than counting how much
    | people own and shifting that around.
    | 
    | If the concern is the cost of brick and mortar banks then we
    | can solve that with technology much more effectively than
    | btc.
 
      | bingbong70 wrote:
      | The problem with "interventionistas" with little/no
      | understanding of bitcoin is, they look at one
      | feature/component of btc's game theory in isolation and
      | state "I can do this particular thing
      | cheaper/faster/easier" while ignoring the 100 other aligned
      | incentive structures that are lost with their 2nd/3rd-
      | order-effect altering solutions.
      | 
      | Bitcoin is too elegantly designed to approach in this
      | fashion.
 
    | sharpneli wrote:
    | The Visa kWh figure includes all that. The office workers and
    | whatnot. The source is Visa corporate responsibility data.
    | https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/download/corporate-
    | responsibil... that's for 2019.
    | 
    | They include air travel and whatnot. Basically the whole
    | energy consumption of the company. Also including building
    | stuff etc.
    | 
    | Visa doesn't share that in order to poke at Bitcoin. They
    | share that because enviromentalism is hip nowadays. So they
    | want to tell how they're improving their CO2 emissions as a
    | company.
 
      | francoi8 wrote:
      | Back of the envelope calculations for the yearly operation
      | of:
      | 
      | - Visa: 7 million GJ
      | 
      | - Bitcoin: 403 million GJ
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | oblio wrote:
        | And I imagine Bitcoin is growing much faster than Visa.
 
    | yunesj wrote:
    | If you compare the money (resources) spent bitcoin mining and
    | the money (resources) spent operating the world's central
    | banks, then the costs are similar.
 
      | notahacker wrote:
      | The world's central banks do not use more electricity than
      | Argentina, and they handle a _lot_ more money.
 
        | bingbong70 wrote:
        | How well does that "money" hold its value?
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | Money is intended to transact with, not for speculation
        | on it increasing purchasing power, which is great,
        | because it can be spent on or invested in things which
        | _create_ value instead. And at a rate of more than 10
        | transactions per second worldwide!
 
        | bingbong70 wrote:
        | You are confusing "currency" with "money", there is a
        | difference and it is not insignificant.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | Someone should tell all the people who've studied
        | numismatics for their entire life! Even the etymology of
        | the word "money" derives from the location of the mint in
        | Rome.
 
        | bingbong70 wrote:
        | Before the fiat system, national currencies could have
        | been considered closer to "money" because they were
        | actually backed by commodities.
        | 
        | Now we have pure currency and all fiat currencies go to
        | ~0 in less than 100 years.
        | 
        | USD, GBP, CAD = currency
        | 
        | Bitcoin, Gold, Silver = money
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | You'll forgive me for sticking with the definition of
        | money used by all academic experts in the field and the
        | vast majority of colloquial use...
        | 
        | Incidentally, Bitcoin is also not a commodity in the
        | general sense of the word (as opposed to the _CFTC thinks
        | it should regulate it like other exotic financial
        | instruments_ sense of the word)
 
        | bingbong70 wrote:
        | Sure, just one change... " _Currency_ is intended to
        | transact with, not for speculation..."
        | 
        | Bitcoin is forcing an expansion of the definition of
        | money. A self-regulated financial network backed by
        | tremendous amounts of hardware and electricity is
        | "advanced money".
        | 
        | We are at a transition point so I don't expect good
        | labeling/categorization from the
        | shortsighted/incumbents/fiat-boomers (directed at the
        | gatekeepers, not you personally).
        | 
        | Side note: What people complaining about electricity
        | consumption don't get is, BTC transfers the
        | uncounterfeitable properties of energy to a money.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | Sorry, the English language is consensus based, and so
        | you don't get to torture it into redefining money as
        | "digital tulip bulbs" or condescendingly dismiss people
        | using the term _correctly_ until you can mount a 51%
        | attack. :)
        | 
        | Side note: what people don't get is that pretending
        | tokens have more exchange value because more energy was
        | expended than the printing of other tokens is just sunk
        | cost fallacy.
 
        | yunesj wrote:
        | No, but their budgets are on the order of the annual btc
        | mining rewards.
 
    | lr4444lr wrote:
    | Then you might as well price in the cost of the computers and
    | GPUs assembly into Bitcoin's cost. I don't see the utility in
    | going down this chain of production.
 
    | slg wrote:
    | Which is also true on the opposite side or did your mining
    | rig magically materialize out of nowhere? The difference is
    | that a lot of the infrastructure for the traditional system
    | is already built out which reduces the marginal energy costs
    | to a degree that isn't the case for cryptocurrencies.
 
    | newswasboring wrote:
    | The mining equipment needed to be produced. The mining rig
    | needed to be installed, many factories needed to be produced.
    | There are workers in these mines, did they spend energy
    | driving a car? Did they use a gym bag? Where did that come
    | from?
    | 
    | BTC is not magic dude, it has externalities too.
 
    | choward wrote:
    | This "legacy financial system" comparison isn't fair. I use
    | standard banking and haven't been to a bank in years. I think
    | a more reasonable comparison is with online only banks. Our
    | current system doesn't actually need physical cash. You just
    | need banks keeping score for individual accounts and a
    | central bank keeping score of the banks' accounts.
 
  | ketamine__ wrote:
  | The team that works on it isn't interested in making any
  | upgrades. It's pure religion at this point.
  | 
  | They would argue that a chunk of the energy is renewable -- so
  | that makes it better.
 
    | rawtxapp wrote:
    | That is not true, when you have billions of dollars at stake
    | you need to be a lot more careful with the changes you're
    | going to implement, otherwise, it would jeopardize the whole
    | network.
    | 
    | There are many upgrades that have and are happening, some
    | examples: segwit, schnorr/taproot, lightning network, etc.
 
      | ketamine__ wrote:
      | And the outcome has been exactly what in terms of TPS?
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | 1) TPS isn't the only thing that matters, 2) TPS on L2
        | such as lightning is both extremely fast and very cheap.
        | Ethereum is also going to have an L2 because it makes a
        | lot of sense.
 
        | ketamine__ wrote:
        | > 1) TPS isn't the only thing that matters,
        | 
        | It's pretty important for adoption to happen. Right now
        | most Ethereum apps with complex contracts (i.e. Augur,
        | Synthetix) can cost $50+ per transaction.
        | 
        | > 2) TPS on L2 such as lightning is both extremely fast
        | and very cheap.
        | 
        | That's only true if there isn't high demand. If there is
        | opening a channel costs $15 or more.
        | 
        | > Ethereum is also going to have an L2 because it makes a
        | lot of sense.
        | 
        | Something which has been discussed since 2017. The
        | architecture still isn't there. Most apps have to
        | interact on the main chain. Not confident it is going to
        | happen anytime soon even with startups like Matic.
 
  | beckingz wrote:
  | With a fancy tesla it might even be faster.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | Taek wrote:
  | The energy that goes into a Bitcoin transaction doesn't just
  | pay for the one transaction. It also pays for the security of
  | all the value stored in the rest of the system, and that's
  | actually where most of the revenue for mining comes from -
  | inflation, not fees.
  | 
  | But also, Bitcoin transactions aren't typically buying coffee
  | from your local store. It's very often international, and
  | Bitcoin transactions offer a finality and immediateness that
  | can't be found in other financial systems.
  | 
  | But also, in many cases Bitcoin is your only choice to transact
  | at all. Our business keeps getting rejected by payment
  | processors such as Stripe and PayPal, and at this point Bitcoin
  | is our only option to get revenue from Europe. As a result,
  | Bitcoin is making things possible for us and our users that
  | simply aren't possible at all without Bitcoin.
  | 
  | If you think the fees are absurd, make a system that gives all
  | the same benefits to us without costing so much. So far, we
  | don't have an alternative, and we are very grateful that
  | Bitcoin exists as an option.
 
    | xur17 wrote:
    | > The energy that goes into a Bitcoin transaction doesn't
    | just pay for the one transaction.
    | 
    | No energy "goes into a Bitcoin transaction". A block with 0
    | transactions and a block with 100 transactions will both take
    | the same amount of energy to generate.
 
    | totheloop wrote:
    | You mean deflation, incidentally.
 
      | rspeele wrote:
      | No, I do think he means inflation. He's talking about the
      | block reward, the Bitcoin "minted" through mining, being
      | larger than the fees. Currently it's 6.25 BTC minted per
      | block and the fees only add up to between 1 and 2 BTC.
      | 
      | We don't really see this as inflation because of the value
      | of Bitcoin going up, but it _is_ a tiny tiny tax on all the
      | people HODLING their coins, as it dilutes the value (again,
      | by a miniscule amount).
      | 
      | In theory if BTC is still being used in 2150 or whenever
      | the block reward goes to zero, all the cost of mining will
      | be borne by those actually exchanging BTC, and the people
      | just holding it will be free-riding, with the security of
      | the network paid for entirely by people transacting on it.
      | Not sure how well this will work.
 
  | j3th9n wrote:
  | What about all those Lightning Network transactions on top of
  | Bitcoin?
 
    | sharpneli wrote:
    | https://bitcoinvisuals.com/lightning
    | 
    | No information on actual transactions performed. But in
    | practice the lightning network is tiny and stagnant.
    | 
    | If it would actually be used it would perhaps be more
    | relevant, but it really doesn't seem to be. Except as an
    | excuse for the bad efficiency.
 
      | j3th9n wrote:
      | That's because of the nature of the Lightning Network. You
      | can only see transactions going through your own LN node,
      | if you run one. Only the opened LN channels are visible for
      | everyone.
 
        | rspeele wrote:
        | Ok, but according to that site, the total capacity of all
        | those opened channels is only a little over 1,000 BTC.
        | The whole BTC network spends about that much on mining
        | (block rewards + fees) _every day_.
        | 
        | So is 1,000 BTC a lot of money, in which case, it's a lot
        | to spend on mining?
        | 
        | Or is it a small amount of money, in which case, it looks
        | like LN is hardly used?
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | You can have an LN channel worth 10 dollars of bitcoin
        | left open for years, over which unlimited transactions
        | route worth 10 dollars or less each.
 
        | xur17 wrote:
        | Exactly - and I can say from experience that this does
        | generally happen. I manage a node that receives
        | significant amounts over lightning, and channels are
        | typically reused with batch "loop out transactions" that
        | free up liquidity by converting a bunch of lightning
        | transactions into onchain funds without closing a
        | channel.
 
        | sharpneli wrote:
        | Sure. But the amount of channels gives an indication on
        | the potential users. And it's way way less than on the
        | main network, basically a footnote at this point.
        | 
        | Yeah it _might_ grow in the future. But until it does it
        | doesn't work as an argument.
        | 
        | Also in order to get into Visa levels of efficiency one
        | would have to have (assuming the 741kWh in the main
        | network) 500k TX per second in the lightning network with
        | 0 energy cost. Visa handles around 1700 per second.
        | 
        | So basically if we'd have all the worlds economy in
        | Lightning network we might get close to those numbers
        | (assuming 8 billion people each doing one transaction per
        | 4 hours, that's super high but ah well, whatever). And
        | that's assuming the mining energy consumption doesn't
        | change at all which it definitely would not do in case of
        | the whole world relying on Bitcoin.
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | The amount of channels doesn't give any indication on the
        | potential users. For example a bitcoin exchange can have
        | one LN channel open with the rest of the network and
        | allow many transactions per second for all its users. And
        | I believe LN will grow much bigger than VISA, because not
        | only people will make transactions, also programs who
        | will send many micro-transactions to eachother, something
        | which is far from possible with the VISA network.
 
      | rawtxapp wrote:
      | The whole point of lightning network is to be p2p, so
      | you're not supposed to know how big it is or how often it's
      | used.
 
    | minsc__and__boo wrote:
    | Lightning removes any of the benefits of Bitcoin by being a
    | traditional trusted payment system.
 
      | j3th9n wrote:
      | Lightning doesn't remove anything from Bitcoin, it only
      | adds the option to make instant transactions as a second
      | layer on top of it. If you want the benefits of Bitcoin,
      | you can use the slower and 100% trustless Bitcoin network.
 
      | xur17 wrote:
      | If you think lightning is a "trusted payment system", you
      | clearly don't understand how it works.
 
  | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
  | I have often seen people saying things like "Bitcoin is orders
  | of magnitude less efficient than Visa". While true, it's kind
  | of like saying "the Atlantic Ocean is orders of magnitude
  | bigger than my swimming pool".
  | 
  | Bitcoin is _six_ orders of magnitude less efficient than Visa.
  | _Six_.
  | 
  | And it's getting worse every day.
 
  | tippytippytango wrote:
  | The people making the transactions pay for that energy. At 10
  | cents a kWh that's $16.5 , right in line with the current
  | transaction price. Some people are getting enough value from
  | the transaction to purchase that volume of energy. Who are we
  | to tell them how to use the energy they purchase?
 
    | Symbiote wrote:
    | > Who are we to tell them how to use the energy they
    | purchase?
    | 
    | Personally, I also criticize people who use private jets,
    | drive large cars, air-condition/heat a building excessively,
    | and so on.
    | 
    | Since I end up breathing the pollution they cause (and all
    | the other effects), I feel I have a right to complain about
    | it.
 
  | amackera wrote:
  | The downside of driving your tesla with a case full of bills is
  | that there's no immutable world-wide distributed record of your
  | transaction making it irreversible.
 
    | kqr wrote:
    | Well, it is irreversible to the extent giving any physical
    | papers to another person is irreversible.
    | 
    | However, the upside of driving your Tesla with a case full of
    | bills is that there's no immutable world-wide distributed
    | record of your transaction making it irreversible.
 
      | amackera wrote:
      | It's reversible in the sense that the second you leave, I
      | can just claim you never dropped off the cash. AKA I can
      | reverse it.
      | 
      | Bitcoin isn't digital cash, it has different tradeoffs.
      | That implies there are upsides/downsides to all of these
      | factors.
 
        | kqr wrote:
        | Sure, you could claim that, but if you're doing it at a
        | scale that ultimately matters, then you're only harming
        | yourself. The only kind of people who would be interested
        | in having business with a person mired in such
        | controversies are people you don't want to have business
        | anyway.
 
        | spaced-out wrote:
        | Maybe the guy you hired to drive the Tesla just stole all
        | or some of the cash? How would you know?
 
        | kqr wrote:
        | We can spend all day coming up with slight variations of
        | this scenario where one or the other person is to blame.
        | 
        | In the end, this situation is one of the few things
        | humans have grown really adept at handling. We're
        | (compared to many other things) very good at negotiating
        | complex social situations and teasing out who are getting
        | shafted in a situation, and we have techniques for
        | dealing with it. (Spreading rumours and/or going to the
        | local leader are prominent among them.)
        | 
        | We have set up economic systems based on trust since
        | forever, and they generally work very well. The only
        | times they stop working are when too large authorities
        | get involved. But there are many responses to that that
        | aren't cryptocurrency.
 
        | tomlagier wrote:
        | > Bitcoin isn't digital cash
        | 
        | This made me laugh. It's true, but the name literally
        | means "digital cash".
 
      | scythe wrote:
      | I was expecting the last word of your post to be "public".
 
    | orange_tee wrote:
    | That is not necessarily a downside.
 
      | amackera wrote:
      | I've heard driving Teslas is fun
 
    | narcissismo wrote:
    | Also, if you accidentally drive 3601 miles, you lose on the
    | transaction :)
 
    | ctdonath wrote:
    | Of course there is: physics. I hand you a pile of
    | coins/bills, you have it and I don't. "Bearer" is sufficient
    | information.
 
      | amackera wrote:
      | That's not really what irreversible transactions means in
      | this context.
      | 
      | What ledger has recorded this transaction? How might a
      | dispute be resolved? What's stopping the receiver from just
      | claiming you never dropped off the cash when you drive back
      | home?
 
        | lottin wrote:
        | A transaction involves exchanging something (usually a
        | currency) for something else. What you say is that with
        | bitcoin you have proof and irreversibility of payment but
        | the transaction can still go wrong because payment is
        | only one end of the deal. And when the transaction goes
        | wrong you probably wouldn't want a form of payment that
        | is irreversible.
 
        | michaelt wrote:
        | Ah, but if you send money to a bitcoin address the
        | recipient could simply claim the address you sent the
        | bitcoin to wasn't theirs.
        | 
        | And if they can sign a non-repudiable statement that a
        | given address _is_ theirs, they can just as easily sign a
        | non-repudiable receipt when you hand over the cash.
 
        | hertzrat wrote:
        | Often a simple bill of sale is sufficient
 
        | amackera wrote:
        | "Often" isn't a guarantee.
        | 
        | Turning "often" into "always" is the reason bitcoin
        | exists, and the reason it uses so much energy.
 
    | optimiz3 wrote:
    | Plus the non-instantaneous driving part.
 
      | buzzerbetrayed wrote:
      | Apparently you haven't tried to send Bitcoin when it is
      | backed up. In such times, driving the cash across the
      | country would be much faster than waiting for the Bitcoin
      | transaction to clear.
      | 
      | edit: fixed a typo
 
        | optimiz3 wrote:
        | I have tried this, and the way you resolve it is by
        | raising your transaction fee. This is done with Replace-
        | By-Fee or Child-Pays-For-Parent transactions.
 
        | amackera wrote:
        | Unless of course you want to send two transactions at the
        | same time.
 
        | buzzerbetrayed wrote:
        | Good point. You also don't have to pay attention to the
        | Bitcoin transaction the entire time like you do the road.
        | I'm more just commenting on how Bitcoin transactions are
        | anything but "instant".
 
    | Nursie wrote:
    | Many would see that as an upside. Irreversible transactions
    | are not very desirable to a lot of folks, particularly where
    | it comes to the consumer side of things.
 
      | ecommerceguy wrote:
      | As such thus regulations will occur once normal folks can't
      | get a refund for whatever broken trinket they purchase with
      | Dogecoin or EROS or ETH or ETHC or BSV or Ripple or Stellar
      | or, or do I need to continue?...
      | 
      | I'm off to play in the penny stock section of Yahoo... /s
 
      | amackera wrote:
      | In that case, write them a cheque?
      | 
      | If you don't want irreversible transactions, you don't want
      | bitcoin.
      | 
      | My point is that claiming bitcoin is or isn't inefficient
      | relative to other systems is nonsense. There's simply no
      | comparable system that has the same guarantees as bitcoin,
      | presently or throughout history.
      | 
      | As far as we know, the power cost of bitcoin may very well
      | be the minimum required energy to run an irreversible
      | proof-of-work distributed ledger. Maybe spending 1% of the
      | world's energy to have this public infrastructure is
      | actually a good deal? I really don't know.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | > If you don't want irreversible transactions, you don't
        | want bitcoin.
        | 
        | You brought it up as an upside.
        | 
        | > Maybe spending 1% of the world's energy to have this
        | public infrastructure is actually a good deal?
        | 
        | That seems highly unlikely, especially at a time when we
        | don't have negative externalities priced into that energy
        | cost, and we know we're damaging the climate, and given
        | that the only thing it really brings to the table is
        | decentralisation. Which itself is firstly a bit of a sham
        | (mining tends to centralise) and not even that important
        | to the speculators.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | If we can conclude it's nonsense to say that other
        | systems are more efficient than BTC because other systems
        | aren't proof of work distributed ledgers, maybe it's also
        | nonsense to say that Teslas are more energy efficient
        | than something with a 6 litre V12 engine, because they
        | don't have a throaty growl or run on petrol.
        | 
        | Back in the world of actual use cases, we can probably
        | put a ceiling on the value of circumventing AML laws
        | without using a non-POW altcoin at well below BTC's
        | current energy cost.
 
  | z3t4 wrote:
  | Energy is the ultimate currency. A bitcoin transfer is cheap
  | considering the amount of energy it takes, and its also cheaper
  | then a bank transfer. Visa is overcharging if it takes such
  | little energy.
 
  | mrb wrote:
  | << _a single Bitcoin transaction consumes 165kWh_ >>
  | 
  | This needs to be repeated in every HN thread about Bitcoin: no,
  | transactions don't consume energy. The proof-of-work is
  | completely independent of the number of transactions. A block
  | could have 1 or 1000 transactions, but the energy consumption
  | would be the same.
  | 
  | People have this wrong idea that more transactions imply more
  | energy consumption. That's just not true.
 
    | [deleted]
 
    | ctz wrote:
    | > The proof-of-work is completely independent of the number
    | of transactions. A block could have 1 or 1000 transactions,
    | but the energy consumption would be the same.
    | 
    | There's a block limit, though, right? It doesn't scale up
    | infinitely -- you might have 1000 transactions in a block,
    | but not a million. Therefore, it is accurate to attribute the
    | energy per block to securing the transactions within.
 
      | rodiger wrote:
      | Also worth noting though that "extra" energy per-tx
      | increases the security of that tx. You aren't just paying
      | for the system to function, you're paying for the system to
      | be resistant to bad actors.
 
  | 3np wrote:
  | It's misrepresentative to represent it just in quantities of
  | number of on-chain transactions.
  | 
  | First, let's look at the actual transacted value: last 24h ~90
  | billion USD.
  | 
  | Then, consider the narrative of Bitcoin as a store of value -
  | the value of Bitcoin depends on the security of the network, so
  | this needs to be taken into consideration as well.
  | 
  | One estimate of the current market cap of Bitcoin is ~800
  | billion USD.
  | 
  | Then you also have all the things relying on and extending
  | Bitcoin, without each unit of added value resulting in
  | individual on-chain transactions. Take Lightning Network, for
  | example. Uncountable (literally) number of transactions all
  | enabled by the base layer of the Bitcoin blockchain, protected
  | by its proof of work. It's only the entry- and exit-points that
  | result in on-chain transactions.
  | 
  | Then there is also something untangible; the things bitcoin
  | enables. Can you put a number in watts on how much is
  | reasonable for the unknown number of individuals who have been
  | able to remit money to their families that they otherwise would
  | not have been able to? Those locked out of the global financial
  | ecosystem just because they were born or are living in the
  | "wrong" country?
  | 
  | If you personally find that those dimensions makes it more
  | reasonable or not is up to you, but let's at least try to get a
  | reasonable narrative.
 
  | madacol wrote:
  | I think the real value in Bitcoin is its immutability. I don't
  | think there's any piece of information in the world as
  | immutable as the first bitcoin block mined by satoshi.
  | 
  | This property is what powers amazing projects like
  | OpenTimeStamps (https://opentimestamps.org/), this will become
  | an essential tool for notaries all around the world,
  | seriously!, and this has nothing to do with number of
  | transactions, this scales to O(1) (you only need one
  | transaction to prove as many things as there needs to be
  | proved). Previous to bitcoin existence I don't think there was
  | ever a distributed way of proving a piece of information
  | existed previous to X, and even if there was, it was probably
  | centralized or much much MUCH weaker than bitcoin. There's just
  | no replacement, not even a million years as effective as
  | bitcoin is for this, if I'm wrong please tell me! I want to
  | know!
  | 
  | Most people here in favor of bitcoin argue about inflation, I
  | understand the reasoning, and I'm from Venezuela, I pretty sure
  | understand that value, but that's just missing the point,
  | immutability >>> inflation protection.
  | 
  | And if we go into the smart-contracts terrain, that's a whole
  | other world of very diverse possibilities of values to be
  | uncovered
 
  | snickms wrote:
  | True - and even with this tremendous waste, it pays for itself.
  | We have never looked beyond monetary return to justify the
  | existence of anything and i fear we are doomed to stay that
  | way.
  | 
  | Thankfully, renewables are becoming more profitable. If we
  | built enough, we could power the USA. Imagine that.
  | 
  | All the bitcoin, teslas and visa transactions you would ever
  | want, with no squabbling.
 
  | Geee wrote:
  | That comparison is flawed. Visa is not money. The purpose of
  | mining is to protect the value of the currency.
  | 
  | Protecting the value of the US dollar requires a huge economy
  | with politics and military power.
 
    | perfunctory wrote:
    | Wouldn't you eventually need military power to protect your
    | bitcoin mining rig?
 
      | mateuszf wrote:
      | No if it's decentralized enough.
 
    | benlivengood wrote:
    | Visa is literally money created by issuing credit just like
    | all the other money in the economy. No one spends specie.
 
      | Geee wrote:
      | It's credit that is backed by the US dollar. Similarly Visa
      | could use Bitcoin as their base currency, and they probably
      | will.
 
  | moonbug wrote:
  | > It is hilariously inefficient system
  | 
  | I think you mean "morally reprehensible"
 
  | reedf1 wrote:
  | And the cost of an off-chain transaction? Actually, you're
  | right, that's not worth mentioning because that doesn't fit
  | with your argument.
 
    | africanboy wrote:
    | what are you referring to?
    | 
    | off chain operations don't need to spend a lot of energy to
    | validate transactions.
    | 
    | AFAIK globally the banking system estimated energy
    | consumption amounts to ~100 terrawatt of power annually
    | 
    | that amount includes ATMs, servers and branch offices
    | 
    | EDIT: I forgot how touchy people on BC threads could be.
    | 
    | The data on energy consumption of banking system was cited
    | from a post of a BC advocate
    | 
    | Statista has published data for transaction costs of 2020
    | 
    | https://www.statista.com/statistics/881541/bitcoin-energy-
    | co...
    | 
    | What's interesting to me, on a human level, is the way people
    | in the BC World keep moving the goalpost, one day they are
    | greener because the total absolute power consumption is lower
    | (regardless of users - I remember when in 2019 BC consumed
    | more energy than Switzerland), then when it's not better in
    | absolute anymore, BC is greener because is powered by
    | renewables, like renewables were only available to BC miners,
    | now that BC power consumption is going up (and fast) and
    | banking is going down (slowly) it's ok, because it's the
    | price to pay for freedom and everybody should be happy, even
    | though they don't care about bitcoins etc. etc.
    | 
    | Funny, indeed.
 
    | Nursie wrote:
    | Well that would be double, as you have to set up and tear
    | down the lightning channel with a transaction for each
    | operation...
 
      | reedf1 wrote:
      | ...and the cost of those operations?
 
      | chill1 wrote:
      | Your comment is so obviously disingenuous. It makes
      | absolutely no sense to open a Lightning Network channel to
      | send one transaction and then immediately close it.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | Why? If I want to send money to Bob in Venezuela I need a
        | connection to him. And I'm not interested in sending
        | further transactions to him. And he is in Venezuela and
        | cannot rely on institutions (this is the real scenario
        | that advocates keep bringing up). How am I going to pull
        | this off without an on-chain transaction?
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | You both use your lightning app connected to a LN payment
        | processor which already has the necessary channels open
        | with other nodes and/or payment processors.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | Can't do it in Venezuela. The whole point of that
        | scenario when raised as a reason why btc is awesome is
        | that you don't need an attached institution and your
        | transactions cannot be censored.
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | An LN payment processor is not institution, it's just a
        | LN node which has channels open to many other nodes and
        | to which you as a user can connect to, so you don't need
        | to open separate channels with everyone you are doing
        | transactions with. And if your LN node becomes
        | unreachable due to censoring: they are often available
        | over Tor too.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | Such a node becomes a payment processor, and must have a
        | _lot_ of BTC tied up in its channels in order to
        | facilitate these payments.
        | 
        | It's basically a bank at that point. Or a worse Visa.
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | It doesn't need a lot of BTC tied up in channels. It's
        | enough to have one channel open with another well
        | connected node. Transactions can jump over several nodes
        | to reach their destinations. And everybody can become a
        | bank/payment processor for their friends and family with
        | an LN node, no need for big centralized institutions.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | We were talking about the well connected nodes, they need
        | funds tied up in many channels. That's what makes them
        | well connected. And effectively institutions. If it takes
        | off don't be surprised if such entities start charging
        | fees.
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | It's up to each node how many channels they open and how
        | much bitcoin is used for those channels, but lots of
        | channels doesn't make it an institution. An LN node has
        | to play with the same rules as every other node, it
        | cannot enforce rules like institutions. And if you don't
        | like some LN node's transaction fees, you choose a
        | different node for your transaction to go through. As a
        | result the high-transaction-fee node will soon lower its
        | fees. Btw, every LN node is already charging fees.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | >> It's up to each node how many channels they open and
        | how much bitcoin is used for those channels,
        | 
        | If you want to be paid you have to find a route that's
        | willing to lock up enough coin at their end for that.
        | 
        | So they are exactly like banks - if you want good ability
        | to transact you have to pick one that works for you and
        | pay appropriate fees.
        | 
        | It really is a hack.
 
        | j3th9n wrote:
        | Solution: Multi-Path Payments.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | It was a joke.
        | 
        | OTOH lightning is IMHO a joke as well, for many reasons.
        | Funds need to be tied up, nodes generally need to be
        | online, routing is a (mathematically) hard issue, and the
        | channel open and close transactions (or 'add funds')
        | would certainly become an issue on the main chain if
        | lightning became popular.
 
      | j3th9n wrote:
      | You clearly don't understand how the Lightning Network
      | works.
 
        | [deleted]
 
  | andreygrehov wrote:
  | Super pessimistic. I don't know why this comment is at the top.
  | The analogy and calculations are fun, but nothing more than
  | that. You are basically suggesting that we all should buy
  | Teslas, right? 330 miles roundtrip is about 5-6 hours of non-
  | stop driving. Not the best UX.
  | 
  | I do international transfers quite often. Every time I try to
  | send a more or less large amount, it becomes a pain in the ass
  | both for sender and recipient. You have to prove that you are
  | not a unicorn.
  | 
  | People use Bitcoin because it's freedom from the existing
  | banking system, plain and simple. When you are sending money
  | via a bank, it's like someone is watching you at a bathroom. It
  | simply doesn't happen with Bitcoin.
  | 
  | Bitcoin will be the force that will make all the miners
  | completely switch to a green energy (and that's already
  | happening).
 
    | rspeele wrote:
    | In your estimation, how much Bitcoin is purchased in hopes of
    | gaining freedom from the existing banking system, and how
    | much Bitcoin is purchased in hopes of making money when it
    | goes up?
 
      | andreygrehov wrote:
      | > In your estimation, how much Bitcoin is purchased in
      | hopes of gaining freedom
      | 
      | Not a lot, but it's definitely a thing. Speaking about
      | majority, these days, most people and companies are
      | accumulating Bitcoin only because in 5-10 years it'll worth
      | much, much more. And that makes a lot of sense if you think
      | about it. The shift to a digital form of currency will
      | eventually happen anyway. I do not believe Bitcoin will
      | ever become a global currency, but I strongly believe that
      | it's going to stay with us for quite a long while. The
      | blockchain technology is in its infancy and is experiencing
      | a lot of research on all fronts.
 
    | imtringued wrote:
    | >You are basically suggesting that we all should buy Teslas,
    | right?
    | 
    | Here's how arguments work. You read a claim and disprove it
    | by offering a counterexample. The weaker the counterexample,
    | the weaker the disproven claim.
    | 
    | In the case of Bitcoin a weak counter example is to show that
    | even a grossly inefficient method of money transfer has
    | superior efficiency. A stronger counterexample based on
    | Visa's less than 2Wh per transaction numbers absolutely
    | destroys the claim that Bitcoin's efficiency is reasonable.
    | 
    | It's laughable that anyone would even defend Bitcoin instead
    | of recognizing the inefficiency. It's laughable in the exact
    | same way the Tesla suggestion is laughable, except Bitcoin is
    | even worse.
 
      | andreygrehov wrote:
      | I'm well aware of how facts work. My Tesla response was
      | more of a sarcasm and was primarily meant to highlight that
      | the OPs arguments are somewhat useless. They make sense,
      | but, practically, they are useless.
 
  | paulsutter wrote:
  | Bitcoin uses electricity for security, not transactions. The
  | transaction rate for bitcoin is basically independent of the
  | hashrate
 
    | rspeele wrote:
    | This is like saying my car's engine uses oil as lubricant,
    | not as fuel. It's true, but I still have to change the oil
    | every 5,000 miles. So I can still calculate the cost of oil
    | changes into each mile.
    | 
    | Since transacting Bitcoin securely is _the_ utility of the
    | network, just as moving around is the utility of a car, it
    | seems quite fair to judge the energy consumption of the
    | network in terms of energy expended per transaction secured.
 
      | paulsutter wrote:
      | It's quite different: the energy represents the market cost
      | of securing the network. The value of the network supports
      | that cost otherwise nobody would be performing mining.
      | 
      | If this were taxpayer supported I could understand the
      | objection, but the people buying the energy to run the
      | system are doing so as a commercial activity to make a
      | profit. How is this commercial use of energy inherently
      | worse than other commercial activities?
 
  | KorematsuFred wrote:
  | Without a doubt it is inefficient. Now US government can arm
  | twist wist Visa and Mastercard to stop serving companies they
  | dont like (Po*nhub). They can not do that to Bitcoin. This is
  | the value the inefficiency adds.
 
  | acec wrote:
  | Nobody ever said that Bitcoin was a efficient system. It has
  | other qualities that worth it.
 
    | anigbrowl wrote:
    | Indeed it does, but generally in industry and technology one
    | goes from inefficient prototype that serves as proof of
    | concept to a more efficient one. Do other cryptocurrencies
    | not improve on Bitcoin in some way? If so, why does it
    | continue to have value despite its agreed-upon flaws? If not,
    | why do they have any value?
 
    | newswasboring wrote:
    | Every time anyone brings up a problem with Bitcoin someone
    | says this. It seems like bitcoin is not designed for anything
    | but existing.
 
      | wickoff wrote:
      | Exactly right. All needs to do is outlast everything else.
      | This where the store of value narrative comes from.
 
        | kgwgk wrote:
        | And when it goes down 75% in a few months it doesn't
        | matter because if your intention was not to "store value"
        | until the end of time you're doing it wrong. HODL!
 
    | hshshs2 wrote:
    | couldn't it be replaced with something that's not terribly
    | broken? then we can save the energy expended in all these
    | mental gymnastics too
 
  | lacker wrote:
  | _At that rate and assuming 4tx per second a single Bitcoin
  | transaction consumes 165kWh. A Tesla battery is bit over 50kWh.
  | So let 's round that to 3 full charges of Tesla battery._
  | 
  | This seems like a roundabout way to analyze efficiency. A
  | simpler way is just to look at how much it costs in dollars,
  | rather than trying to convert everything into energy units.
  | 
  | It varies but over the past couple months a Bitcoin transaction
  | has cost from $7-$20.
  | 
  | source:
  | https://ycharts.com/indicators/bitcoin_average_transaction_f...
  | 
  | That is more than it costs to power a Tesla driving 400 miles,
  | yes, but the cost of that activity is dwarfed by the cost of
  | the driver. You are missing all the energy it takes to create a
  | human with the skills to drive a car, pay for their opportunity
  | cost, and keep them alive for the time it takes to drive for
  | 400 miles ;-)
  | 
  | It's also more expensive than an electronic funds transfer, but
  | it's comparable in price to wire fees, so it just depends on
  | the details of your financial transfer whether it was
  | efficient.
  | 
  | Overall though that $20 fee is generally going to be dwarfed by
  | the utility that a large financial transfer brings. It would be
  | nice if it was cheaper but this doesn't seem like it's insanely
  | wasteful or anything. It's really just demonstrating that it
  | will be hard for Bitcoin to perform in small-value transactions
  | like making a purchase at a retail store, in a way that people
  | once thought it would.
 
  | centimeter wrote:
  | Now include the environmental impact of all visa employees. You
  | can't divorce the effects of the people who run the system
  | (which are relatively very insignificant for Bitcoin) from the
  | effects of the system itself.
 
| kvz wrote:
| Ethereum 2.0 solves this via Proof of Stake. They are rolling it
| out in 2021 and I think the environmentally concerned will then
| consider the number two coin because of how energy hungry Bitcoin
| is. PoS also greatly increases transaction speed.
 
| ffggvv wrote:
| proof of work is immoral if you're an environmentalist. that's
| why tesla acquiring BTC was especially egregious
 
  | koonsolo wrote:
  | Exactly my thought. They could have picked a more environment
  | friendly cryptocurrency (e.g. Nano).
  | 
  | It would also had a relative bigger impact on the price, and so
  | Tesla could have made a lot more money with such a move.
 
| DanielleMolloy wrote:
| Has any government entity attempted to ban Bitcoin yet, and is
| this even possible?
 
| peteretep wrote:
| Genuine question: how much does this matter if much of it is
| renewables and cheap hydro? I feel like the negative
| externalities of using a lot of electricity are very very tied to
| where that electricity came from
 
  | Wowfunhappy wrote:
  | Is there reason to believe even a majority comes from renewable
  | sources? And then, how much of that clean energy _could_ be
  | powering other things which are instead using fossil fuels?
 
    | peteretep wrote:
    | I'd half remembered mining clusters near large hydro projects
    | in China. As to the opportunity cost, getting the electricity
    | from one place to another where it can be used if you have a
    | local glut isn't easy, aiui
 
    | celticninja wrote:
    | A lot of mining is done close to hydro dams, this power was
    | in some cases waste power that would be unused. So it is
    | swings and roundabouts, I don't think any new coal power
    | stations are being built to mine bitcoin but bitcoin miners
    | have taken advantage of excess electricity production to site
    | their mines where power is cheapest.
 
    | Layvier wrote:
    | At least in Europe, the lowest prices (even negative
    | sometimes) for electricity are when renewable energies are
    | producing a lot (e.g. when there's a storm in the north sea).
    | If bitcoin mines are plugged on the real time market of
    | electricity they would have an incentive to turn on when
    | there's a lot of renewable energy produced. Assuming mines
    | optimize their mining schedules on that, there's a scenario
    | in which it could even help soak up the low prices and push
    | investments into renewables.
 
  | foepys wrote:
  | Even if it were all green energy, why not use it to produce
  | aluminum or to get rid of coal instead of wasting it on math
  | puzzles?
 
  | madflame991 wrote:
  | That would depend on how much heat the computations/mining
  | itself generates - has to be some - and the total effort to
  | make graphics cards or other hardware for a lot of clients that
  | would not really exist if crypto wouldn't be a thing
 
  | throwaway2245 wrote:
  | This is a bit too hypothetical: the most generous estimate I
  | can find is that Bitcoin is still using 61% non-renewable
  | energy, in as much as farms are favourably set up in places
  | with cheap energy (somewhat but not entirely correlated with
  | renewable energy).
 
  | nemetroid wrote:
  | According to their mining map[1], 35% of the global hashrate
  | happens in Xinjiang. From Wikipedia, it looks like most major
  | power stations in Xinjiang are coal driven[2].
  | 
  | 10% is in Sichuan, which appears to be largely hydro-driven[3].
  | 
  | 1: https://cbeci.org/mining_map
  | 
  | 2:
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_power_stations_i...
  | 
  | 3:
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_power_stations_i...
 
    | simonebrunozzi wrote:
    | It seems [0] that roughly 40% of crypto mining uses
    | renewables. Yesterday I wrote a lengthy post about the topic
    | [1], if you're keen to know more.
    | 
    | [0]: https://www.smart-energy.com/renewable-
    | energy/renewables-pow...
    | 
    | [1]: https://simon.medium.com/bitcoin-and-pollution-the-
    | definitiv...
 
  | josalhor wrote:
  | If you freed all those resources, you could equivalently reduce
  | fossil fuel consumption (up to 0%, of course). So I say it
  | matters very much.
 
    | Spooky23 wrote:
    | If you made it a crime to fly to tropical islands to enjoy
    | the beach in the winter, you would enjoy a reduction in
    | fossil fuels too, and people would be more productive than
    | loafing about on the beach.
    | 
    | End of the day, people choose to spend resources on things
    | that provide utility to them.
 
  | raziel2p wrote:
  | Even if all of Bitcoin uses renewables, that's demand for
  | renewable energy that drives prices up, which will lead other
  | energy consumers to either pay more or pick less expensive non-
  | renewable energy sources instead.
 
    | peteretep wrote:
    | I don't think power markets are that fluid in most of the
    | world
 
  | roland35 wrote:
  | One argument I've heard it's that it increasing the power
  | demand beyond what renewables can handle. Reducing total power
  | consumption would be more ideal.
 
| jtanner wrote:
| Yes it's Bitcoin is inefficient, but in exchange we get social
| scalability.
| 
| https://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2017/02/money-blockchains-...
 
| gatvol wrote:
| Surely the comparison should be against conventional systems used
| to store and transfer value? Consider a bank, with its
| datacentre, branches, and people employed to eyeball and verify
| transactions, maintain the supporting systems and infra, to begin
| with...
 
| Havoc wrote:
| Perhaps not all of it is entirely "wasted" though. I've largely
| been able to avoid heating this winter as a result of crypto
| mining.
| 
| A computer pumping ~300W into the air 24/7 is remarkably
| effective for a small apartment
 
  | twobitshifter wrote:
  | I've actually seen a few startups which install small servers
  | in homes for heating. The idea is to let the cloud heat your
  | home. I think there's still a cost to the home owner but their
  | heating bill is reduced.
 
  | 0xQSL wrote:
  | With a heat pump you'd get about 3x the heat for the same
  | amount of power
 
    | hundchenkatze wrote:
    | But a heat pump gives you about 0x the amount of bitcoin.
 
    | krtkush wrote:
    | But will that heat pump mine bitcoins for me?
 
      | betterunix2 wrote:
      | No but you could use the money you save on electricity to
      | buy bitcoin if you really want to own it (a better question
      | is why anyone would want to hold bitcoin?).
 
  | IgorPartola wrote:
  | Electricity is one of the most inefficient ways to heat a
  | dwelling. I think natural gas is still considered to be several
  | times more efficient but I haven't looked at it in a few years.
  | Of course if you are also getting benefits from the crypto you
  | mined that will offset the cost.
 
    | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
    | Electricity is 100% efficient in a resistance heater, in that
    | all the electricity used is turned to heat. However, it is
    | considerably more expensive per unit heat than natural gas,
    | even though you may only get 70-90% efficiency with your
    | boiler or furnace. A heat pump can be even more efficient,
    | though. An electric heat pump can be more than 100%
    | efficient, in that each watt of electricity can be used to
    | move more than 1 watt of heat into your home using the heat
    | pump.
 
      | SigmundA wrote:
      | If electricity is made combusting fossil fuels at a power
      | plant at say 40-50% effciency thats the problem.
      | 
      | If your using fossil fuels for heat its more efficient to
      | burn them directly at point needed and capture the heat,
      | rather than use the heat to convert to mechanical then
      | electrical then back into heat.
      | 
      | Air source heat pumps are basically solar assisted, they
      | move heat from outside air into heated space using
      | electricity which also contributes resistive heat in
      | compressor friction. The outside air is heated by the sun.
 
    | burke wrote:
    | This depends on what you're measuring the efficiency with
    | respect to though, right? Cost-wise, yeah, natural gas
    | outperforms electricity everywhere I'm aware of. On a grid
    | powered entirely by renewable energy though, there's a
    | meaningful sense in which the electrical method is "more
    | efficient"
 
      | IgorPartola wrote:
      | Yes I meant on a cost basis. Renewables do throw a wrench
      | into it of course.
 
    | xxs wrote:
    | >Electricity is one of the most inefficient ways to heat a
    | dwelling.
    | 
    | This is not true. Resistive heating is inefficient indeed but
    | not all forms of conversion of electricity are inefficient.
    | Geothermal pumps are very efficient for instance and use
    | electricity only, they can be assisted directly by solar (PV)
    | too.
 
      | zaarn wrote:
      | Resistive Heating is literally the most efficient form of
      | heating where 100% (ie, all of) of the electric watts you
      | put in are turned into thermal energy.
      | 
      | Doesn't mean that the generator on the other end is
      | efficient but that is a separate concern that can benefit
      | from economies of scale (a big gas turbine would be more
      | efficient than a swarm of small gas ovens producing the
      | same energy).
 
        | xxs wrote:
        | The matter of discussion is this: "most inefficient ways
        | to heat a dwelling."
        | 
        | Not the fact that conversion of electricity doesn't have
        | make energy disappear.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | But you need to transmit those watts. Pumping natural gas
        | takes overall less power on the entire ecosystem. That's
        | what people are talking about.
        | 
        | Electrically powered heat pumps also produce >100%
        | efficiency.
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | Heat pumps move heat around, that has to come from
        | somewhere. Their performance is not measured in
        | efficiency but the performance coefficient, which simply
        | measures in Watt per Watt how much energy is moved.
 
        | IgorPartola wrote:
        | Due to heat pump inefficiencies, they only make sense if
        | you can get like a 3-4x multiplier out of them. Beyond
        | that you break even energy-wise. Basically if it's -10F
        | outside, your heat pump isn't going to be cheaper than a
        | resistive heater. On the other hand when it's 50F outside
        | you do better than 4X.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | The point is that I can heat my home by 10 degrees with a
        | heat pump using less energy than electric resistive
        | heating, except in specific conditions where it is too
        | cold outside for the heat pump to function well. When I
        | run my auxiliary heat (electric resistive heating), my
        | bill skyrockets.
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | Where I lived until like a year ago, it was cheaper to
        | heat via electric heating than the heatpump by about
        | 3-4%, the maintenance costs of the heatpump compressor
        | did the rest after a decade. That is in a temperate
        | region with winter not going below -10 or so.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | It isn't good for all regions. Just like swamp coolers
        | aren't good for all regions. But the point is that
        | "resistive heating is the best you can do if you want to
        | heat your home" is just plain wrong.
 
        | friendzis wrote:
        | From thermodynamic standpoint every process is 100%
        | efficient. It is a useless metric. Normally we measure
        | desired energy over certain consumed energy. Heat pumps
        | achieve >100% efficiency.
        | 
        | Furthermore, that 100% efficiency of a resistive heater
        | is only true under very specific high school level
        | circumstances. Under no practical circumstances (e.g.
        | source resistance, reactive load) resistive heater is
        | 100% efficient (though it can get close).
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | From a thermodynamic standpoint, yes, but nobody with an
        | honest face will claim that makes measuring wasted energy
        | as efficiency a bad measurement.
        | 
        | In cases of heating, resistive is 100% efficient as you
        | loose none of the energy put in to waste heat, only
        | effective heat, while a gas oven or heater will loose
        | heat to it's exhaust gases, thereby being less efficient.
        | 
        | I wouldn't say this is "high school level" circumstances.
        | The waste heat in the wires of your house feeding into
        | the heater will also heat up, no?
        | 
        | The only energy lost is outside the system we're trying
        | to measure, hence, not relevant.
 
        | friendzis wrote:
        | > as you loose none of the energy put in to waste heat
        | 
        | The mains is normally AC. You WILL lose energy either in
        | AC-DC converter or in reactive load of the heater.
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | Reactive load is dissipated as heat, it does actually do
        | what is intended here.
 
        | friendzis wrote:
        | I think you are conflating active and reactive loads.
        | Reactive load is basically EM, not heat.
        | 
        | Yes, reactive current is still current and any series
        | active load (wiring) will experience that current and
        | heat up. The reactive load itself is "imaginary".
 
        | orthoxerox wrote:
        | A gas oven is 100% efficient, while a gas turbine is at
        | most 60%.
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | A gas oven is not 100% efficient. If yours says it is,
        | it's a lie sold to you by gas oven manufacturers. It's
        | 100% efficient compared to some previous oven sold.
        | 
        | Simple proof by example; if the exhaust air of your gas
        | oven is warmer than ambient energy, it cannot be 100%
        | efficient. (A few other laws of thermodynamics also play
        | in here)
        | 
        | A gas turbine has the advantage that it can use higher
        | temperature gradients within, as well as high speeds and
        | other mechanisms to take advantage of larger burnoffs of
        | gas.
        | 
        | A gas turbine is 60% efficient at base load and largely
        | will be able to maintain 60% efficiency while being
        | maintained at this load. A gas oven has a rough
        | efficiency of around 70-90 % in AFUE. AFUE does not
        | measure actual thermal efficiency, you can usually
        | subtract between 10-35% depending on your boiler system,
        | which ends you between... 40-60% just like a gas turbine
        | in a worst case. The better cases of 60-80% are unlikely
        | to be a steady state efficiency and more likely to be
        | achieved if you have a boiler with great heat capacity
        | that can hold onto the heat for longer. The efficiency
        | here is ruined by ignition each time the furnace has to
        | start running.
        | 
        | Turns out you can't cheat thermodynamics, but you can
        | certainly market like you did.
 
        | mavhc wrote:
        | Heat pumps are more than 100% efficient though, as they
        | move heat energy, not create it
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | I would not call that a 100% efficiency. The efficiency
        | of a heatpump is expressed in Watt per Watt, ie, how many
        | watts of thermal energy are moved per watt of electric
        | energy.
        | 
        | The reason is that simply a heat pump does not convert
        | electrical to thermal energy, so it has no comparable
        | efficiency in that process.
 
        | eeZah7Ux wrote:
        | >I would not call that a 100% efficiency.
        | 
        | That's the definition of efficiency for home heating.
 
        | zaarn wrote:
        | No, Heat Pumps are measured in COP (Coefficient of
        | Performance), not thermodynamic efficiency or "the
        | definition of efficiency for home heating". Which of the
        | 5 definitions do you want to use?
 
        | IgorPartola wrote:
        | In theory. Remember that the motor of the heat pump isn't
        | 100% efficient. It's still an electric motor. That's is
        | of course offset by it not generating heat but rather
        | transferring it. So say you're electric motor is 33%
        | efficient. That means you need a 3x multiplier to break
        | even with a resistive load. And the multiplier depends on
        | the temperature difference between inside and outside. If
        | it's 70F inside and 50F outside you are golden. If it is
        | -10F outside, you are better off using a resistive load.
 
      | SigmundA wrote:
      | Bitcoin mining is resistive heating using semiconductors as
      | the heating element.
 
        | xxs wrote:
        | Indeed it's waste heat (and not only in the
        | semiconductors, the conductors/wires/traces and the metal
        | in mosfets have minor contributions). The remark was
        | about heating in general, hence the quote.
 
  | frr149 wrote:
  | Can you successfully mine bitcoin with one computer these days?
 
    | Havoc wrote:
    | Well I'm mining conflux [0] not bitcoin.
    | 
    | And yeah that does seem to be "profitable". A 2070 Super card
    | seems to net me a couple of bucks a day...enough to offset
    | the cost. Probably not profitable in the true sense, but hey
    | free heating is a win for personal finances.
    | 
    | [0] https://confluxnetwork.org/
 
    | gruez wrote:
    | It's done with ASICs these days but the general idea of using
    | the waste heat still holds.
 
  | matchbok wrote:
  | I think you misspelled remarkably. It's actually spelled
  | "terribly".
 
    | Havoc wrote:
    | I'm sitting here in a tshirt despite it being near freezing
    | outside. Call it what you like...works for me
 
  | js8 wrote:
  | > Perhaps not all of it is entirely "wasted" though. I've
  | largely been able to avoid heating this winter as a result of
  | crypto mining.
  | 
  | I am telling myself the same thing when I play videogames. :-)
 
| EGreg wrote:
| And as Bitcoins get more scarce and get adopted by more and more
| banks and companies as reserves, the value of mining rewards is
| only going to continue rising, until Bitcoin will consume more
| electricity than the rest of the world combined. (Around the time
| it is worth $1.2 Million a coin.)
| 
| Change my mind.
| 
| Bitcoin rewards miners in Bitcoin, which is the ultimate
| deflationary "store of value", and has the world mindshare as
| such. Even if a network arose that was better in every
| technological way, if it was a "sidechain" to Bitcoin, then BTC
| would just be locked up as people migrated to that network, so
| "unstaked" Bitcoins on the original network would become even
| more scarce, thus mining rewards would go up even more. Bitcoin
| would be a store of value / collectible just like gold, except
| its supply would always be shrinking and mining rewards rising.
| 
| PS: Consider I am right. How would governments even begin to stop
| it, if this use of electricity would net the provider more profit
| than powering a home?
 
  | peteretep wrote:
  | > Bitcoin, which is the ultimate deflationary "store of value"
  | 
  | Inflating the supply of bitcoins is a value in a config file +
  | buy-in from miners, who are the ones with all the capital to
  | benefit from inflating the supply. Unsure why you think the
  | miners are just going to go home when it's all mined and sell
  | off their expensive equipment at firesale prices when they can
  | collaborate to increase the amount of Bitcoin?
 
    | EGreg wrote:
    | Miners benefit from deflating the supply. If there were only
    | 50,000 bitcoins and the rest was locked up in sidechains,
    | then every mining reward would be worth far more. They would
    | like more sidechains to Bitcoin.
    | 
    | (Somewhere Joel Spolsky is yelling: "Commoditize your
    | complements!")
 
    | noch wrote:
    | > Inflating the supply of bitcoins is a value in a config
    | file + buy-in from miners
    | 
    | Please learn about how consensus rules work.
    | 
    | "The consensus rules are the specific set of rules that all
    | Bitcoin full nodes will unfailingly enforce when considering
    | the validity of a block and its transactions. For example,
    | the Bitcoin consensus rules require that blocks only create a
    | certain number of bitcoins. If a block creates more bitcoins
    | than is allowed, all full nodes will reject this block, even
    | if every other node and miner in the world accepts it." [0]
    | 
    | Because users must consent to run full-node software with a
    | particular version of consensus rules, miners cannot simply
    | change the rules. This was shown in 2017 with Segwit2x and
    | UASF(User Activated Soft Fork).[1]
    | 
    | In other words,
    | 
    | "If securing Bitcoin requires consensus on what Bitcoin is,
    | and Bitcoin is a database of values assigned to keys, and
    | Bitcoin has a protocol for reassignment of keys, then
    | securing Bitcoin can only be done by ... your node!" [2]
    | 
    | > [Miners] are the ones with all the capital to benefit from
    | inflating the supply.
    | 
    | You're not thinking clearly about supply and demand. Because
    | bitcoin has a fixed supply (21M), its price movement is a
    | pure result of demand. If someone were to start inflating the
    | supply, the price would drop, devaluing the coins for
    | everyone including those doing the inflation because created
    | coins are instantly visible to everyone. (Incidentally, this
    | also creates a disincentive for Satoshi to ever move his
    | "lost" 1M BTC. Moving them would instantly make them appear
    | available to the market/network and be a massively
    | inflationary event. Prices would immediately drop in response
    | to this perceived increase in supply.)
    | 
    | > Unsure why you think the miners are just going to go home
    | when it's all mined and sell off their expensive equipment at
    | firesale prices when they can collaborate to increase the
    | amount of Bitcoin?
    | 
    | Miners work for the block reward (which halves every four
    | years) but also for transaction fees (an auction in which you
    | bid for blockspace for your transactions). The question for
    | the distant future is: will transaction fees be sufficient to
    | ensure the security of the network?
    | 
    | [0]: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Consensus
    | 
    | [1]: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/bitcoin-
    | independence-da...
    | 
    | [2]: https://medium.com/bitcoinerrorlog/who-secures-
    | bitcoin-95b19...
 
  | foepys wrote:
  | How does it scale when a block can only contain about 3,000
  | transactions?
 
    | charcircuit wrote:
    | It doesn't. Bitcoins themselves will eventually be migrated
    | of the bitcoin network so that they can be used with the rest
    | of the defi ecosystem.
 
      | EGreg wrote:
      | It won't matter because the remaining "unstaked" bitcoins
      | will be worth even more so all mining rewards will be worth
      | even more - get it?
 
    | EGreg wrote:
    | It doesn't. Proof of work is the wrong architecture. We
    | started https://intercoin.org to solve the problem. Others
    | started other projects. But it doesn't do anything to demand
    | for Bitcoin because nearly all of it is for Bitcoin as a
    | store of value and deflationary investment that will go up,
    | up, up.
    | 
    | Yes it was called a cash system in the original whitepaper -
    | but somewhere around 2013 the narrative shifted from Peer to
    | Peer Cash to Store of Value. And it has stuck. This is a
    | copout but it works! Bitcoin has all the features to be a
    | great store of value and nothing more...
    | 
    | Bitcoin is now a store of value and you dont need it to scale
    | if once in a while someone wants to move $50K from their
    | savings account to their checking account to actually use.
    | They can also have Nexo, BitPay etc as debit cards backed by
    | BTC reserves.
    | 
    | So why do you need Bitcoin to be a good currency too?
 
  | abledon wrote:
  | SpaceX could probably help usher in a new age where we have
  | mining nodes in space, big solar arrays (100 or so) powering a
  | small 100-GPU cluster or ASIC cluster....
 
    | mkl wrote:
    | It would be far cheaper and easier to do this on Earth.
    | There's plenty of sunny desert, heat dissipation is much
    | easier, broken things can be repaired, etc.
 
      | abledon wrote:
      | ya but heat would dissipate into space and not contribute
      | to global warming?
 
        | mkl wrote:
        | Dissipating heat into space is very challenging (vacuum
        | makes a great insulator). On Earth the solar energy is
        | arriving here already, so converting it to electricity
        | and using it to perform calculations won't directly
        | contribute to global warming.
 
        | EGreg wrote:
        | In capitalism, most players in the economy do not make
        | decisions based on this
 
  | PeterisP wrote:
  | "the value of mining rewards is only going to continue rising"
  | is not consistent with the design of Bitcoin. There is a finite
  | number of BTC left to mine (15% of the eventual total?) and the
  | amount of BTC received from mining is designed to halve every
  | four years, so in the long run BTC processing will have to be
  | funded more by transaction costs and less so by mining.
  | 
  | "How would governments even begin to stop it" - I don't thing
  | that governments will choose to try it, but if they did want to
  | do so, a simple ban on all sale and barter in BTC would work.
  | It wouldn't stop all trade, but making exits difficult would
  | reduce investment interest sufficiently to get a huge decrease
  | in price, especially since current price seems mostly defined
  | by "store of value" i.e. investment arguments, not based on
  | usefulness for transactions. If many investors can't exit, then
  | it ceases to be a good store of value for them, reducing the
  | demand.
  | 
  | For example, Tesla $1.5B purchase was a big pressure upwards;
  | but if it's known that no such purchases are ever coming again,
  | and that Tesla's holding is now worthless (unlike some small-
  | scale drug trader, a US company like Tesla can't really use a
  | black market or person-to-person transactions to exhange it for
  | anything), that would kill the short-term price; this would
  | mean that the mining costs much more than their electricity
  | costs (there is an inherent lag in block difficulty adjustments
  | that's potentially huge in case of a rapid slowdown in mining
  | rate) which may cause many miners to cease mining.
 
  | ulzeraj wrote:
  | Combined world governments going after miners is the best thing
  | could happen to Bitcoin. Difficulty would drop allowing people
  | to mine from general purpose computers again, which is a huge
  | incentive. Then things will scale up again.
  | 
  | The toothpaste is out of the tube. Nothing can be done.
 
  | Wowfunhappy wrote:
  | > Change my mind.
  | 
  | Well, _personally_ , I'm still convinced Bitcoin is going to
  | crash at some point. It doesn't work well as an actual currency
  | because transfer times/fees are too high.
  | 
  | I don't know if that will happen in one year or 20 years
  | though.
 
    | EGreg wrote:
    | But that's not it use anymore. Yes it was called a Peer to
    | Peer cash system but it failed at that. Somewhere around 2013
    | the narrative shifted to it being a store of value. And that
    | has stuck.
    | 
    | It is the ultimate store of value.
    | 
    | You think people will let governments destroy their store of
    | value so that the world can use electricity for other uses?
    | Let's explore that shall we.
    | 
    | One third of the world farmland is desertified, today.
    | 
    | Insects are dwindling and other species are experiencing an
    | extinction on unprecedented scales today.
    | 
    | Fossil fuels are being extracted at rates that are not
    | stopping anytime soon. We never switched to electric cars
    | yet.
    | 
    | We couldn't even switch to biodegradeable plastic and instead
    | polluted all the bodies of water on earth.
    | 
    | You really think humanity will be able to stop this runaway
    | economic effect designed to get bigger and bigger until it
    | consumes the world's use of electricity? Why is this any
    | different?
    | 
    | PS: with exponential growth, by the time you note the
    | electric use is one quarter of the world, it's too late.
 
      | Wowfunhappy wrote:
      | > But that's not it use anymore. Yes it was called a Peer
      | to Peer cash system but it failed at that. Somewhere around
      | 2013 the narrative shifted to it being a store of value.
      | And that has stuck.
      | 
      | Yep, a "store of value" created out of thin air, just like
      | tulip petals! I don't expect it to last myself.
 
        | EGreg wrote:
        | And why not?
        | 
        | What backs gold? It is more durable than tulip petals
        | 
        | The more people buy Bitcoin as reserves the more it IS
        | reserves. It is a network effect, man.
        | 
        | That's how languages and cultures work too.
 
        | Wowfunhappy wrote:
        | Bitcoin is barely two decades old, whereas gold has been
        | used for _centuries_ as a way to means of storing wealth.
        | Gold was literally used as currency for much of that
        | time, and today the price of gold is far more stable than
        | Bitcoin.
        | 
        | None of that means Bitcoin _couldn 't_ be the next gold,
        | I just think the odds are overwhelmingly stacked against
        | it.
 
| daptaq wrote:
| The problem with Bitcoin is that POW is an unbounded competition
| of who can provide more computational power, ie. energy, to
| represent a consensus. Comparing the energy usage to Argentina,
| Island or any other country is therefore just a snapshot of the
| issue: Miners are incentivized to either increase the efficiency
| of mining, or invest more energy -- and because the latter option
| is easier, we see power usage rising and rising, without it
| having any influence on the performance or functionality. The
| only imaginable bound is all the energy that Humans can dispose
| of, but I think that if that is even being considered, the means
| have been mistaken for the goals.
 
| blondie9x wrote:
| This is disgusting. Why is this stupid useless asset allowed to
| proliferate without regulation?
| 
| Why are we not concerned about harvesting this blockchain at the
| cost of the planet? This is silly. Bitcoin needs to be regulated
| like other industries. It's polluting just the same. Regulation
| now please.
 
| andred14 wrote:
| Isn't it funny how the attacks on bitcoin have come after the
| Tesla announcement?
| 
| Who is paying for these attacks I wonder?
 
| [deleted]
 
| paulpauper wrote:
| Criticism a about bitcoin power consumption betrays an understand
| of even elementary economics. Replace bitcoin with beanie baby,
| and one could have made a similar argument in the late 90s about
| beanie babies causing a fabric shortage or fabric being wasted on
| toys that could instead be used for better purposes. When the
| beanie baby market crashed, the problem effectively fixed itself,
| as there was this sudden glut of fabric. Additionally, increased
| demand for bitcoin production means more power will generated,
| similar to how increased demand for cloth due to beanie baby
| production lead to more total cloth being produced overall. It is
| not like cloth for clothes was diverted to create beanie babies.
| The increased production of power to mine bitcoins is funded by
| bitcoin profits, and represents a consensual economic transaction
| between two parties, not wastefulness.
| 
| Of course, then you can talk about externalities such as climate
| change but I am ignoring this for now and just talking about the
| criticism of wastefulness.
 
  | raverbashing wrote:
  | And not criticizing the excessive consumption betrays a lack of
  | understanding in physics, engineering and several areas of
  | economy as well
 
  | lmilcin wrote:
  | That doesn't explain how humanity can reach collective
  | consensus to burn energy to further ruin our planet because we
  | can't reach collective consensus on how to efficiently exchange
  | goods and services.
  | 
  | That's what, you know, governments are supposed to be fixing.
  | 
  | I am being brainwashed on a daily basis to turn off electronic
  | devices, I pay extra for electronic devices to be marginally
  | more energy efficient, I am crossing local law if my car idles
  | for more than 60 seconds but it is fine to be burning energy on
  | massive scale as a detail of computing algorithm.
  | 
  | Not to mention I can't buy decent graphics card because of how
  | prices are inflated by miners.
  | 
  | Let's face it. If you are mining bitcoin you are effectively
  | engaging in a destructive operation where you accept small
  | extra payment for burning much larger amount of energy away.
  | While the rest of the world tries to minimize our carbon
  | footprint you are wasting part of the infrastructure that makes
  | it possible for a cut.
 
  | tedunangst wrote:
  | Was there a fabric shortage in the 90s?
 
    | Spooky23 wrote:
    | Beanie babies created impacts far beyond fabric.
    | 
    | - Consider the small plastic pellets, which will eventually
    | work their way into delicate ecosystems and devastate the
    | ecology for a millenium or more.
    | 
    | - Since beanie babies were considered a store of value,
    | countless tons of plastic storage bins and millions of cubic
    | feet of climate controlled storage space are consumed to
    | store beanie babies.
    | 
    | - Back of the napkin calculations indicate that over a
    | billion dollars has been spent heating and cooling beanie
    | babies since 1996.
    | 
    | - Beanie babies take up alot of space, driving demand for
    | self-storage facilities.
    | 
    | - When sold on the internet, consider the electricity, excess
    | heat, etc generated by Ebay, as well as the carbon footprint
    | of producing and disposing of cardboard, tape, labels, etc
    | and the carbon consumed in shipping them.
    | 
    | - The human toll is real as well. At least a dozen UPS
    | drivers have been seriously injured while delivering beanie
    | babies.
 
| pulse7 wrote:
| So on one hand Elon Musk is buying bitcoins which consumes so
| much energy and on the other hand the same Elon Musk is promoting
| "green energy" with Teslas...
 
| dstick wrote:
| Question that came to mind after reading the headline: could this
| become a future reason for governments to criminalise the trading
| / use of Bitcoin because of negative environmental effects?
| 
| On the surface it seems the value of Bitcoin is directly tied to
| its energy consumption and thus environmental harm.
| 
| I get that Bitcoin itself is decentralised and cannot be banned
| outright. But could it be neutered in such a way that renders it
| more and more worth / useless?
 
  | corobo wrote:
  | The Bitcoin guy is going to be the second place after Thomas
  | Midgley Jr [1][2] in terms of most damage done to Earth by an
  | individual I reckon.
  | 
  | Is there no way to slim down the resource requirements to cut
  | electrical use? (without breaking everything Bitcoin of course)
  | 
  | -
  | 
  | [1] He played a major role in developing leaded gasoline
  | (Tetraethyllead) and some of the first chlorofluorocarbons
  | (CFCs)
  | 
  | [2] Environmental historian J. R. McNeill opined that Midgley
  | "had more impact on the atmosphere than any other single
  | organism in Earth's history"
  | 
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Midgley_Jr.#Legacy
 
  | ghego1 wrote:
  | I was thinking exactly the same. I would be in favor tbh.
  | 
  | If the government is allowed to dictate how my car must be
  | built in order to make it more environmentally friendly, I
  | don't see why it shouldn't be able to dictate how my blockchain
  | must be built in order to make it environmentally sustainable.
  | 
  | This wouldn't mean banning blockchain altogether. It would
  | entail banning only those forms of distributed consensus that
  | are not energy efficient.
  | 
  | Proof of work (POW) is by definition inefficient from an energy
  | perspective. You have to prove to have spent a lot of resources
  | to be trusted. There's no excuse for this from an environment
  | point of view, even if, admittedly, from a technological
  | perspective is quite a marvel.
  | 
  | I wouldn't be surprised to know that those defending bitcoin on
  | this front are biased because they hold some quantity of crypto
  | based on POW.
 
    | Taek wrote:
    | Government regulation should focus on how electricity is
    | produced, not how electricity is used. If Bitcoin created
    | pollution or dumped toxic chemicals, I would agree with you.
    | But Bitcoin doesn't do either of those things, the power
    | plants do those things.
    | 
    | So save your regulations for the power plants and let the
    | market figure out how to spend the electricity. If you
    | wouldn't be in favor of the government regulating how much
    | money can be spent on beef, or how much money can be spent on
    | TVs, you shouldn't be in favor of the government regulating
    | how much can be spent on Bitcoin's electricity bills.
 
      | ufo wrote:
      | Even renewable energy has externalities. They're not as bad
      | as burning fossil fuels but we still want to avoid wasting
      | energy on inefficient things.
 
  | Nursie wrote:
  | If governments banned the on/off ramps to normal currency, then
  | yes it would be effectively neutered. There is an audience that
  | wouldn't care, but it's a small audience.
 
    | jiriknesl wrote:
    | Yes, but the narrative is that Bitcoin is innovation and any
    | government against it is basically against innovation.
    | 
    | If I wanted to neutralize it, I would do something like
    | Bait&Switch. Support banks running own cryptos until point
    | where general public will see no difference between BTC and
    | private cryptocurrencies and leave BTC users with their
    | wallets and even when it will remain legal and everything,
    | the "crypto revolution" would be taken by usual suspects (the
    | establishment).
    | 
    | However, I wouldn't like to see it. I prefer world currency
    | to be run by nerds over bankers and politicians.
 
      | Nursie wrote:
      | As the other commenter says - nobody would care about
      | those, because the only reason people are interested is the
      | speculation. Stable cryptocurrencies are really only of
      | interest to a small group of decentralisation fetishists,
      | and stable, centralised cryptocurrencies are of interest to
      | basically nobody.
 
      | tal8d wrote:
      | Canada actually tried that, at least once - maybe twice.
      | When it became clear that the government was talking about
      | a pre-mined, non-transparent, centralized fedcoin -
      | everybody laughed and then ignored it.
 
  | snickms wrote:
  | I think both the article and this comment miss the point. If we
  | generated power cleanly in the first place, there would be far
  | less environmental damage everywhere.
  | 
  | The fact that Bitcoin now uses half the power of Youtube (from
  | a terribly unreliable estimate) should not be such a
  | distraction from the real problem IMHO.
  | 
  | Terribly unreliable estimate:
  | 
  | https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+the+total+power+cons...
 
  | peteey wrote:
  | Yes. Holding gold in the US was illegal due to executive order
  | 6102.
  | 
  | There's no need for mental gymnastics of blaming energy. Just
  | one powerful guy says "no" and poof, its illegal. Now laws or
  | logic required.
  | 
  | There was an exception for collector coins and jewelry
 
    | pradn wrote:
    | It's not mental gymnastics to have a legitimate concern about
    | energy usage.
 
      | RGamma wrote:
      | Especially when the economic value provided by that
      | consumption is virtually zero (net negative with
      | externalities).
      | 
      | I liked the idea of bitcoin when it came out, but as per
      | usual things have just gotten out of hand from there.
 
      | gruez wrote:
      | Are there similar concerns about the pollution produced by
      | gold mining? eg. "we should ban gold because it's so toxic
      | to mine!"
 
        | tokai wrote:
        | Yes ofc. Nobody thinks mining is a clean industry.
 
        | dd36 wrote:
        | And gold is useful.
 
        | gruez wrote:
        | Almost half of the world gold demand is for
        | speculative/investment purposes[1]. If you consider
        | jewelry to be speculative as well (at least partially,
        | since if you only cared about appearance you could just
        | plate it), the vast majority isn't "useful".
        | 
        | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/299609/gold-
        | demand-by-in...
 
        | avh02 wrote:
        | > Almost half of the world gold demand is for
        | speculative/investment purposes
        | 
        | fair (and I think gold as a "beautiful" metal is dumb),
        | but the other half of the usage (on your claim) is for an
        | array of productive things. I don't see wires, heat
        | reflectors, etc being made out of bitcoin.
 
        | gruez wrote:
        | >but the other half of the usage (on your claim) is for
        | an array of productive things
        | 
        | It's far less than that. Only 7.48% is definitely useful
        | (under "technology").
 
        | gruez wrote:
        | There might be _some_ concerns (eg.  "wow gold mining is
        | dirty, we should do something about it"), but I
        | personally haven't seen anything close to "we should ban
        | gold".
 
        | FrozenSynapse wrote:
        | because gold is useful, bitcoin only has speculative
        | value
 
        | gruez wrote:
        | This is addressed in a sibling comment.
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26089473
 
        | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
        | There are. They're not super present in the public
        | consciousness because they're drowned out by the concerns
        | about the prevalence of child labor in many countries'
        | gold mines.
 
  | devoutsalsa wrote:
  | After all the Bitcoin is mined, it will be the greenest crypto
  | currency, yes?. What if we just accelerated the mining, or made
  | them all available at once. Problem solved? Truth be told, I
  | really don't know what I'm talking about. It just sounded good
  | in my head.
 
    | Kbelicius wrote:
    | Even when all bitcoins are mined mining has to continue.
 
    | therealEleix wrote:
    | Impossible due to how cryptocurrency works. In any
    | cryptocurrency there is something called an "emissions
    | target" which will only up to X amount of coins to be
    | "released" on the discovery of a new block. This is also
    | compounded by the fact that even if you did try to accelerate
    | the mining by adding more powerful nodes into the network,
    | the network would automatically adjust the difficulty in
    | order to keep blocks spitting out at the predetermined time
    | of 10 minutes per block.
 
    | MereInterest wrote:
    | Nope. Bitcoin transactions require wasting energy. It is
    | built into the very fabric of bitcoin. Currently, the energy
    | wasters ("miners") are compensated by the minting of new
    | bitcoins, and some transaction fees. As the number of
    | bitcoins asymptomatically approaches it's maximum, the energy
    | wasters are still compensated, but more and more through
    | transaction fees.
 
    | theblazehen wrote:
    | Better solution would be to choose a proof of stake
    | cryptocurrency instead
 
    | Twisell wrote:
    | Nice edit : >Truth be told, I really don't know what I'm
    | talking about. It just sounded good in my head.
    | 
    | I sincerely wish more people had your ability for
    | introspection!
 
  | high_density wrote:
  | break the hash algo...?
 
  | ForHackernews wrote:
  | We can only hope so. There are new proof-of-stake
  | cryptocurrencies that don't have this massive environmental
  | downside. The only people who should oppose replacing BTC with
  | some other technologically and ecologically superior coin are
  | bitcoin bagholders trying to protect their "investment" in this
  | Ponzi scheme.
 
  | jiriknesl wrote:
  | Will anyone criminalise the US army because they use lots of
  | energy?
  | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_usage_of_the_United_Sta...
  | 
  | The answer: they might try, but good luck with that.
 
    | pogorniy wrote:
    | Can US live without army? Can it live without bitcoin?
 
    | jf22 wrote:
    | We always have to take into account the usefulness of what we
    | spend energy on.
    | 
    | It's not as simple as calling out the top energy users and
    | saying we should start there.
 
    | itsoktocry wrote:
    | > _Will anyone criminalise the US army because they use lots
    | of energy?_
    | 
    | Ah yes, the old trope that people use the US dollar because
    | they are forced to.
    | 
    | Meanwhile, back in reality, people around the world are
    | desperate to get their hands on USD for commerce, because
    | it's easily transacted, accepted and valued _anywhere_. You
    | know, kinda like Bitcoin purports to be, but way more common.
 
      | jiriknesl wrote:
      | Of course, it is everyone's taste. One values USD more and
      | other BTC more. Objectively, so far, BTC was a better
      | investment. And given some 80% of BTC was already mined and
      | there will be no more BTC ever while 20% of USD was printed
      | this year (edit: sorry, in 2020), I undestand why some
      | people stash Bitcoin. I have maybe 0.5% of my net worth in
      | it, but I am very happy for those 0.5%.
 
      | eeZah7Ux wrote:
      | The economical and political power of the US is the reason
      | for that. And the military might is what backs up the
      | political power.
      | 
      | The same pattern repeats itself in history: those with the
      | biggest army popularize their culture, language and coin.
      | The Roman Empire is a good example.
      | 
      | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegemony
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | So how do we explain international use of the Euro and
        | Swiss franc?
 
      | lxgr wrote:
      | Arguably, modern currencies are backed by the ability of
      | nation states to demand tax payments in them, creating a
      | steady and stable (due to being directly proportional to
      | economic activity) demand for them.
      | 
      | A currency having value abroad is arguably a side effect,
      | not the main goal.
 
  | csomar wrote:
  | > could this become a future reason for governments to
  | criminalise the trading / use of Bitcoin because of negative
  | environmental effects?
  | 
  | The whole point of Bitcoin is resistance to adversity. Bitcoin
  | _value_ is directly correlated to its resistance against
  | governments /agencies/bankers/regulation or anything else that
  | wants to shut it down. If you can wrap your head around that,
  | you'll understand why making bitcoin more eco-friendly from a
  | centralized government or organization will suddenly make it
  | less valuable.
 
| IgorPartola wrote:
| Slightly off topic, but does anyone have any good resources on
| how alternative consensus protocols work, like proof of stake and
| proof of importance? I either see really simplistic explanations
| or ones that assume a lot of domain knowledge. I also recently
| saw a crypto coin that claims to be energy efficient, and I don't
| quite understand how that's possible without the possibility of a
| 50.1% attack.
 
  | aspic wrote:
  | You're perhaps thinking of https://nano.org ? A brief
  | description of it's Open Representative Voting (ORV) consensus
  | mechanism:
  | 
  | "A consensus mechanism unique to Nano which involves accounts
  | delegating their balance as voting weight to Representatives.
  | The Representatives vote themselves on the validity of
  | transactions published to the network using the voting weight
  | delegated to them. These votes are shared with their directly
  | connected peers and they also rebroadcast votes seen from
  | Principal Representatives. Votes are tallied and once quorum is
  | reached on a published block, it is considered confirmed by the
  | network."
  | 
  | Suggested read: https://docs.nano.org/protocol-design/orv-
  | consensus/
 
    | nightcereal wrote:
    | Satoshi would be really proud of nano.
 
    | koonsolo wrote:
    | I'm a huge Nano fanboy since the RaiBlocks days. It
    | definitely deserves more attention, since it's a pretty solid
    | technology and was distributed pretty fairly.
    | 
    | But even in this crypto bull market, everybody seems to
    | ignore it, except for the fanboys on Reddit.
 
    | gnrlst wrote:
    | If only Nano had first-mover advantage! I'm rooting for it
    | though, it's everything BTC should have been.
 
  | leesec wrote:
  | Eth prolly has the best constructed PoS system, just starting
  | to roll out.
  | 
  | https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms...
 
    | eecks wrote:
    | What about Cardano? Isn't it already rolled out with >70% of
    | ADA staked?
 
  | chrisco255 wrote:
  | Proof of stake is relatively simple. You agree to stake a
  | minimum amount of tokens (decided on by the network) and you
  | get to run a node and validate transactions. If you attest to a
  | malicious block and other validators call you out on it, you
  | get slashed (i.e. you lose some portion of your stake, if not
  | all of it): https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-
  | mechanisms...
  | 
  | One of the problems with it is that it's difficult to bootstrap
  | a network on a proof-of-stake system with a fair distribution.
  | You end up with the pre-sale participants (i.e. VCs or
  | founders) having the majority of the tokens.
  | 
  | I think what Ethereum is doing is a decent approach. They
  | started as Proof of Work, so they were able to bootstrap the
  | network for 6 years and now ETH is widely distributed and no
  | single holder owns more than 1% of ETH, for example. So now
  | they can migrate to Proof of Stake and they won't suffer from
  | the centralized allocation problem.
 
    | alexmingoia wrote:
    | How is the correct chain decided?
 
      | chrisco255 wrote:
      | https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-
      | mechanisms...
 
        | alexmingoia wrote:
        | That page does not explain how the correct chain is
        | chosen...
        | 
        | I searched and found a blog that claims a chain is chosen
        | by _trusting_ other nodes:
        | 
        | "In PoS systems, weak subjectivity arises because the
        | longest chain rule is not sufficient to determine the
        | main chain due to the (nearly) costless process of
        | creating an up-to-date chain. Creating up-to-date
        | competing chains would take little effort in PoS as
        | opposed to in PoW. Therefore, new nodes or nodes that
        | have been a long time offline have to trust the
        | information they receive from other nodes about which
        | chain is the valid one, causing weak subjectivity.
        | 
        | In the case of weak subjectivity, to ensure that the
        | information about the valid chain is accurate, a node
        | that is new or comes online after a significant period
        | would have to get a recent block hash from a reputable
        | source, such as a blockchain explorer, and insert that as
        | a "checkpoint" into their blockchain client. This is the
        | method of dealing with weak subjectivity, which relies on
        | the trust with a reputable source. Although not
        | completely in line with a trustless system, it shouldn't
        | really be an issue unless the reputable source is
        | compromised." - https://medium.com/better-
        | programming/the-problems-that-ethe...
 
        | chrisco255 wrote:
        | From the page I linked:
        | 
        | In distributed networks, a transaction has "finality"
        | when it's part of a block that can't change.
        | 
        | "To do this in proof-of-stake, Casper, a finality
        | protocol, gets validators to agree on the state of a
        | block at certain checkpoints. So long as 2/3 of the
        | validators agree, the block is finalised. Validators will
        | lose their entire stake if they try and revert this later
        | on via a 51% attack."
        | 
        | In ETH2 2/3 of 128 randomly selected validators have to
        | agree. You also get slashed if your validator goes
        | offline, so they factored for that case:
        | 
        | https://ethereumprice.org/guides/article/eth-2-staking-
        | risks...
        | 
        | And at least for the beacon chain you have to sync the
        | whole chain to your node before you can begin validating.
 
    | Taek wrote:
    | Nothing about Proof of Stake is relatively simple lol. Not
    | the incentives, not the threat model, not the trust model,
    | not the impact on the economics, not the implementation, not
    | the scalable byzantine fault tolerate research.
    | 
    | There are plenty of people who understand it well, I'm not
    | saying it's outside of reach of a normal human being. But
    | understanding proof of stake is not a 30 minute journey. (nor
    | is understanding proof of work for that matter)
 
      | chrisco255 wrote:
      | I think it is relatively simple compared to proof-of-work
      | don't you? And it's not really hard to get at a conceptual
      | level even if the implementation level is far more complex.
      | 
      | I post a deposit that says I'll be honest. If I'm caught
      | being dishonest, I risk losing my whole stake.
 
    | have_faith wrote:
    | > no single holder owns more than 1% of ETH
    | 
    | You mean no single wallet?
 
      | chrisco255 wrote:
      | No, I mean people. Unless you count centralized exchanges
      | that represent thousands to millions of users' pooled ETH,
      | as people. Even then, the largest of these has about 2.5%
      | of ETH supply.
 
        | have_faith wrote:
        | How do you know if someone spreads their tokens across
        | multiple wallets?
 
    | TheCapn wrote:
    | >no single holder owns more than 1% of ETH, for example
    | 
    | Curious about this statement. Is this something that can be
    | looked up online? I know wallets/transactions are entirely
    | public so I guess its just a question of whether someone has
    | made a tool to do this with ETH or other cryptos. How do
    | other coins fair in the same regard? What's BTC distribution?
    | LTC? Or any of their forks?
 
      | Taek wrote:
      | I believe it's fairly well established that Joe Lubin holds
      | somewhere around 10% of the Eth supply. Anyone with large
      | holdings is incentivized to spread those holdings across
      | many accounts to avoid scrutiny.
      | 
      | Pretty much every coin has substantial gini coefficient
      | issues.
 
      | chrisco255 wrote:
      | Etherscan is the standard tool for looking up Ethereum
      | wallet balances without having to run your own node:
      | https://etherscan.io/ .
      | 
      | Top Accounts by ETH Balance: https://etherscan.io/accounts
      | 
      | #1 has 5%, but it's the wETH ("wrapped ETH") smart
      | contract, that allows people to deposit ETH as the native
      | token and receive wETH in return. wETH is more easily used
      | for things like decentralized exchanges (https://weth.io/).
      | So that's really a utility contract used by many
      | applications and users.
      | 
      | #2 is the ETH2 Deposit contract, with 2.6% of supply. These
      | are stakers receiving mining rewards for participating in
      | ETH2 beacon chain validation.
      | 
      | #3 is Binance, with 2.5% of supply. They are the largest
      | centralized exchange, so that 2.5% represents Binance's
      | customer accounts.
      | 
      | #4, #5, #6, are also exchanges.
      | 
      | #7 is Compound Ether (@1.08% of supply). Compound is a
      | decentralized finance savings & loan protocol, so again,
      | that 1.08% represents tens of thousands of Compound users.
 
| knuthsat wrote:
| Yet the amount of environmental destruction and pollution done by
| Argentina to support their massive livestock industry is
| something Bitcoin will never achieve.
 
  | abyssin wrote:
  | One could argue that livestock is more useful than Bitcoin,
  | since it feeds people. Of course I agree we should reduce meat
  | consumption.
 
  | K0nserv wrote:
  | Two things can be bad
 
    | knuthsat wrote:
    | Cool, I guess this fast function in our code that is measured
    | in ms is of same badness as this slow function in our code
    | that is measured in days.
    | 
    | Given that we are not interested in what these functions do,
    | my choice would be to optimize the fast function.
    | 
    | Electricity used by Argentina generates massive amounts of
    | destruction and pollution. The electricity used by Bitcoin is
    | probably not even close.
 
      | forgetfulness wrote:
      | It's a bit hard to begin arguing against someone who thinks
      | that a country of people is less deserving of using energy
      | than a massive online gambling scheme riddled with scams,
      | that happens to consume as much energy as 45 million
      | people.
      | 
      | Where does one even start?
 
        | knuthsat wrote:
        | I'm not sure where I said what you believe I think.
        | 
        | My opinion is that using more electricity than Argentina
        | is not as dramatic as the comments make it out.
        | 
        | Bitcoin is never going to be as destructive to the
        | environment as these countries.
        | 
        | Saying that PoW is immoral or that Bitcoin is horrible
        | because of electricity use is fine. But the immorality or
        | horribleness is magnitudes away from what the rest of the
        | stuff using electricity does to the world.
        | 
        | If we want to optimize something, make reductions,
        | Bitcoin is at the bottom of the list, rationally.
 
| pcarolan wrote:
| I sold out of my position because of the energy consumption but
| more importantly that bitcoin feels now like it's 100% dependent
| on greater fools. Like a pyramid scheme, those who buy now must
| convince others to buy later to increase their wealth. It seems
| that momentum is the real driver of bitcoin price now not value.
| The end result is massive inequality especially as institutional
| investors buy in and the marketing gears begin to wind up. At
| least with an inflationary currency like USD, there's an
| incentive to work and put your money to work. Bitcoin feels like
| it mostly rewards the hoarders.
 
| nomoreusernames wrote:
| this is beyond stupidity. first we waste all that material and
| brainpower in stupid wars where we destroy what we build, and
| kill those who remember how. and then comes captchas and
| passwords which steal so many hours from all the humans alive.
| and now things like this, it really pisses me off tbh. this
| should be used to find cures to peoples suffering. like the value
| should be real.
 
  | _alex_ wrote:
  | you must have had some REALLY bad captcha experiences to put it
  | on the same scale as war
 
| meirelles wrote:
| It's not about today, but tomorrow. Inefficiency is way easier to
| fix than break paradigms. How much it spends per transaction now
| isn't that relevant.
 
| Miner49er wrote:
| How much of that would be wasted otherwise though? You want cheap
| electricity to mine Bitcoin, so any energy that would otherwise
| be wasted is ideal. Before Bitcoin, some energy was literally
| just thrown away. With Bitcoin, it can be put to use for a profit
| instead.
 
| pimterry wrote:
| Quite a few people have noted that this is a lot, but there are
| caveats (how much does the _whole_ banking system use, how much
| is cryptofinance worth to society, etc etc).
| 
| There's a more important point though: you can have
| cryptocurrencies without this horrendous waste of energy.
| 
| There are functional cryptocurrencies that are _not_ backed by
| proof-of-work, and don't have the same catastrophic environment
| impact. Notable candidates include Stellar (backed by Stripe [1],
| using a consensus protocol with a distributed web of trusted
| servers) and Cardono (which includes Ethereum-like functionality,
| using proof-of-stake). They're newer, and they will evolve
| further, but they're already functional and dramatically more
| efficient (by many orders of magnitude).
| 
| They're not even that niche: Cardono is #4 by market cap &
| Stellar is #12 [2].
| 
| There are interesting arguments for crypto being valuable, but
| there are very few arguments for Bitcoin or proof-of-work
| specifically is valuable (and for why the current price isn't a
| huge bubble). Burning this quantity of power is tragic and
| totally unnecessary.
| 
| [1] https://stripe.com/blog/stellar
| 
| [2] https://coinmarketcap.com/
 
| andreygrehov wrote:
| Is consuming electricity a bad thing?
 
| blondie9x wrote:
| Can we please regulate Bitcoin the way we regulate over heavy
| consumption and pollution industries? This doesn't even take into
| account the production and mining of rare earth materials to
| power the super computers mining Bitcoin.
 
| bjd2385 wrote:
| Does anyone have any figures on what regular banking systems use
| for accepted/official currencies? I feel like this has blown up
| so much that it makes sense to compare and contrast.
 
  | tgv wrote:
  | I have the idea that banking for a country the size of
  | Argentina uses much, much less energy than bitcoin mining, yet
  | serves more people than bitcoin.
 
  | unkulunkulu wrote:
  | I doubt counting this per transaction volume will yield close
  | results, mining is computation intensive by design. Absolutes
  | are a curiosity, but comparing those is not constructive imho
 
  | Nursie wrote:
  | Bitcoin provides very few of the services that regular banking
  | systems do, and to a far, far smaller audience. Unless that's
  | taken into account, such a comparison is meaningless.
 
| xnx wrote:
| Am I wrong that resources spent mining Bitcoin aren't that much
| different from money spent on else? Is the impact of buying $1000
| worth of concrete, airline flights, tomatoes, iPhones, etc. etc.
| significantly different?
 
| JustFinishedBSG wrote:
| If we could burn bitcoin apologists we would have infinite energy
| because you are the densest bunch I've ever met
| 
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
 
  | paulpauper wrote:
  | i wish I could downvote or report this threat of violence
 
    | formerly_proven wrote:
    | > you are the densest bunch I've ever met
    | 
    | Indeed!
 
  | ttt0 wrote:
  | Damn, I knew the governments hated cryptocurrencies and will
  | try to shut it down at some point, but I haven't realized there
  | was such hostility towards it.
 
    | Spooky23 wrote:
    | It has attention, so it's a sexy thing to snark at.
    | 
    | When the Elon boom bursts, folks will be back to complaining
    | about cow flatuence, birds getting killed by solar panels, or
    | whatever the shiny environmental crisis of the day is.
 
    | K0nserv wrote:
    | Consider the position of someone who believes bitcoin adds
    | zero(or even negative) value, but consumes astronomical
    | amounts of, often dirty, electricity while the world faces a
    | climate emergency. Further, since this is a technical forum,
    | all of this work to compute trillions of SHA hashes. On the
    | flip side you have a bunch of peopple who rely on bitcoin as
    | an investment vehicle and are therefore very invested in its
    | continued growth.
    | 
    | It's understandable that emotions run high about this topic
    | imo
 
| ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
| The mining of Bitcoin uses this amount of electricity.
| 
| How much resources does the mining of gold use?
| 
| Afaik, 3000 tons of gold are mined per year. Which is worth about
| $150B. I would expect the mining uses resources of about $150B as
| well?
| 
| By my calculation, the value of bitcoins mined per year is $15B:
| 
| 900 Bitoins per day = 328500 Bitcoins per Year
| 
| 328500 * $45000 = $15B
| 
| So I would expect that Gold mining uses about 10x as much
| resources as Bitcoin mining.
 
  | avaldeso wrote:
  | What's your point? Gold is useful. One of the most versatile
  | metals. You can find gold almost en every electronics, or
  | medical implants, or scientific equipment, or in space
  | telescopes. BTC isn't even useful data. It's just a number.
  | What an utterly disingenuous comparison.
 
    | emteycz wrote:
    | Bitcoin is useful too. It's impossible to _quickly_ and
    | reliably transfer money between many places (e.g. Africa and
    | Europe, USA and Africa, USA and EU) by any other way than
    | Bitcoin.
    | 
    | African banks will steal your money if they have a chance to
    | claim it was lost in transport. Transfers between EU and USA
    | take so much paper and gasoline (to travel to banks) that
    | Bitcoin must be more ecological.
    | 
    | And transfers between many country pairs are totally
    | impossible without Bitcoin.
 
      | avaldeso wrote:
      | There's levels of usefulness. Not dissing your argument but
      | gold is still way more useful. There's has to be better
      | ways to solve the problem you mention. Like they say,
      | Bitcoin is a solution looking for a problem.
 
        | emteycz wrote:
        | Gold is not much useful to millions of Nigerians while
        | Bitcoin is praised daily there. I think if there was
        | another solution, we would be using it already.
 
| px43 wrote:
| Please put on your critical thinking hat for a minute.
| 
| Using electricity is not the same as contributing to carbon
| emissions. Bitcoin is mostly mined in areas overflowing with
| excess green energy, and thus contributes negligibly to carbon
| emissions.
| 
| The idea that all electricity generation is bad and therefore all
| electricity usage is bad is completely ridiculous. Instead of
| working so hard to figure out how to hate on some technology you
| feel like you missed out on, maybe try understanding it for a
| minute, and realize the massive net benefits it offers to
| society.
 
  | kwanbix wrote:
  | Do you have numbers to back what you are saying or you are just
  | pulling numbers out from thin air?
 
  | JumpCrisscross wrote:
  | > _Bitcoin is mostly mined in areas overflowing with excess
  | green energy_
  | 
  | I thought it's mostly mined in China?
 
    | trogsworth wrote:
    | My understanding is that there's a surplus of hydroelectric
    | dams, that were built far from any reasonable amount of
    | electricity demand, which is why there's excess green energy
    | in (parts of) China.
 
  | JumpCrisscross wrote:
  | > _Bitcoin is mostly mined in areas overflowing with excess
  | green energy_
  | 
  | Source? I thought it's mostly mined in China?
 
    | apexalpha wrote:
    | Yes, and most of the mining in China happens in Sichuan,
    | which has considerable renewable energy from hydro. I think
    | maybe 95%+ of Sichuans electricity is hydro.
 
    | emteycz wrote:
    | Exactly! Seems like your knowledge about Chinese electricity
    | might be outdated.
 
  | Grustaf wrote:
  | > Using electricity is not the same as contributing to carbon
  | emissions
  | 
  | Until all electricity comes from renewable source, then yes it
  | is.
  | 
  | > The idea that all electricity generation is bad and therefore
  | all electricity usage is bad is completely ridiculous
  | 
  | All _frivolous_ electricity usage is obviously bad.
 
  | minikites wrote:
  | >realize the massive net benefits it offers to society
  | 
  | Surely you can list some of them.
 
    | paystaxes wrote:
    | Preservation of wealth.
 
  | iagovar wrote:
  | I think that you miss the tradeoff. By using so much
  | electricity, we have:
  | 
  | 1) It's not being stored (where they do). In some places they
  | pump water or use other methods, which help to aliviate
  | demand/offer tension when needed.
  | 
  | 2) It's actually pushing prices up in the demand side, which
  | means it's making everything else more expensive.
  | 
  | 3) If Bitcoin really becomes widely adopted, this problem will
  | increase by who knows how much.
  | 
  | In a setting where we're worried about the impact of our energy
  | pipeline, the use of bitcoins goes the other way around.
 
  | doctorwho42 wrote:
  | (1) power is not free, even green energy. It has production,
  | labor, and material costs.
  | 
  | (2) using the term 'excess' green energy is a false statement.
  | There is no such thing as excess green energy while a bulk of
  | the grid is still coal/gas/etc.
  | 
  | (3) Bitcoin has led to a drain on GPU availability and in turn
  | on the finite capacity of our semiconductor fabs. Arguably for
  | nothing.
 
    | emteycz wrote:
    | > There is no such thing as excess green energy while a bulk
    | of the grid is still coal/gas/etc.
    | 
    | Are you saying transporting and storing electricity is free
    | or easy? Can you source that please? As far as I know many
    | megawatts of electricity go to literal waste every day
    | because it's actually extremely hard to store or transfer.
    | 
    | > power is not free, even green energy. It has production,
    | labor, and material costs
    | 
    | Indeed. And thanks to Bitcoin powerplants can be paid for
    | electricity that will be generated anyways but would go to
    | waste, thus making green energy cheaper.
    | 
    | > Arguably for nothing.
    | 
    | For trustless, quick and reliable transfers of money, which
    | are for example improving the life of many Nigerians.
 
    | sygma wrote:
    | (3) reveals that you are not as well informed as you make it
    | sound. Bitcoin hasn't been mined on GPUs for years.
 
| ajmurmann wrote:
| The only real reason to be upset about this is carbon emissions.
| If we could properly price those into the price of energy and
| products the Bitcoin energy consumption would be a non-topic
 
| qznc wrote:
| Bitcoin every consumption halves every two years since the mining
| profit halfs. Thus mining bitcoins becomes less profitable and
| thus more energy efficient over time.
| 
| In the other, if the price increases faster than the mining yield
| drops, efficiency is decreased.
 
  | celticninja wrote:
  | This is incorrect. The mining reward halves every 4 years, but
  | if the price of bitcoin goes up then so does the value of the
  | reward. Also it is a bit of an arms race so more power is
  | required to power more machines,to mine the same number of
  | bitcoin.
 
| epalm wrote:
| Forgive my ignorance but aren't there a finite number of
| bitcoins? A casual search says the world has mined 18.5 million
| out of a total of 21 million, after which, doesn't the mining
| process stop, along with the current environmental impact?
 
  | FabHK wrote:
  | Indeed. The "Coinbase" mining reward (currently 6.25 BTC per
  | block mined) halves every 4 years. The theory is that the
  | proportion of fees (currently only 10%-20% of the total reward
  | miners make) will increase and make up for the reduction in
  | coinbase.
  | 
  | Currently, a successful block makes 6.25 BTC * 45000 BTCUSD =
  | 280k USD in Coinbase, or around 100 USD per transaction, plus a
  | 10-20 USD fee per transaction.
  | 
  | As Coinbase drops (or BTCUSD drops), users will have to pay
  | around 100+ USD per transaction in fees, or the rewards to
  | miners will drop and some will go offline, resulting in a
  | reduction in difficulty and less energy wasted.
 
  | detaro wrote:
  | No it doesn't, since the primary purpose of mining is
  | processing transactions, not creating new bitcoins. The created
  | bitcoins are merely an incentive to mine.
 
  | chrisco255 wrote:
  | Bitcoin has a halving mechanism, every 4 years the rate of new
  | BTC mined drops by half, so that BTC will take over a century
  | to actually reach 21 million (2140).
 
  | celticninja wrote:
  | Mining is what powers transactions as well as generating new
  | coins. Once all 22 million coins are mined it is assumed that
  | transaction fees will replace the coins miners earn . So mining
  | will always remain in some form or another, and also the size
  | of the network is what makes it safe.
 
| nickpp wrote:
| How much energy does watching porn consume? Playing video games?
| Watching a movie? Browsing Facebook? Using a ski chair? Visiting
| an amusement park? Going in vacation? Cooking your favorite type
| of food? Making ice cream? Driving to your friends? Listening to
| music? Concerts? Having a party? Banking? Casinos?
| 
| As a species we use energy to meet our goals. Those goals may be
| situated anywhere in our hierarchy of needs. Some are essential,
| some could be considered trivial. But they are all important for
| their consumers.
| 
| Bitcoin is now considered by some important for our future
| finance system. While not everybody agrees, this may be more
| important than countless other ways we use energy, for much more
| trivial reasons.
| 
| Being judgmental about how others use energy they pay for reeks
| of hypocrisy, virtue signaling and holier-than-thou attitude.
 
  | starclerk wrote:
  | You're getting a lot of replies but I don't see anyone
  | answering the initial questions. Some really rough math for
  | playing video games:
  | 
  | Assuming I'm playing with someone across the country, I hop 13
  | routers in a quick traceroute.
  | 
  | Assuming each router is commercial hardware (~400W) and my
  | traffic completely saturates them, that's 5,200W.
  | 
  | Plus the two machines at the end of each line, assuming they're
  | beefy gaming PCs/servers with 1,000W power supplies at 100%
  | load just for this game. That's 2,000W.
  | 
  | Playing a 30 minute Starcraft game comes to 3.6kWh, or two
  | orders of magnitude less than a bitcoin transaction. It's
  | almost certainly less than that since my assumptions were very
  | conservative.
  | 
  | ~~~
  | 
  | For something live like a concert, a 54,000 sqft hall uses
  | about 1,100 kWh of power per day (lighting, HVAC). Plus 15kW of
  | speakers for a 6 hour concert is 1,190 kWh. Divided by the 6000
  | people attending, is 0.2 kWh per attendee. Adding a 10 mile
  | solo drive per person is about 3 kWh. Or again about 2 orders
  | of magnitude less.
  | 
  | ~~~
  | 
  | These aren't good comparisons when I could do hundreds of each
  | of the activities you listed for the cost of one transaction.
 
  | nr2x wrote:
  | If you combine the energy costs of delivering streaming video
  | and the client side costs of playing video and executing
  | JavaScript I have no doubt porn far outstrips Bitcoin. Hell, I
  | bet JavaScript bloat from adtech alone and exceeds the totally
  | energy budget of France.
 
    | starclerk wrote:
    | There are 3.4 billion internet users.
    | 
    | It takes about 30 W to watch video in a browser [1].
    | 
    | Assuming every internet user watches 85 minutes of video per
    | day [2] (517 hr/year), video consumption is 52 TWh per year.
    | Or less than half of than the bitcoin network.
    | 
    | Google uses 12 TWh per year [3]. Assuming Google is entirely
    | focused on serving the world's video (it likely could), that
    | still is ~half of the bitcoin network.
    | 
    | (France consumes about 480 TWh per year [4])
    | 
    | [1] https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/05/microsoft-internet-
    | explore...
    | 
    | [2] https://www.marketingcharts.com/digital/video-110520
    | 
    | [3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertbryce/2020/10/21/googl
    | es-...
    | 
    | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_France
 
      | nr2x wrote:
      | Seems like I lost my bet if those numbers are correct,
      | kudos on doing the math!
 
  | dixego wrote:
  | If maintaining the infrastructure for something a miniscule
  | percentage of the world's population benefit from requires more
  | energy than entire countries, surely it's worth interrogating
  | whether the benefits outweigh the costs?
 
    | csomar wrote:
    | True. Let's let one guy, then, decides how our energy should
    | be consumed.
 
      | loceng wrote:
      | Maybe that guy deciding shouldn't have financial
      | motivation, incentive, e.g. be part of the MLM scheme that
      | they're incentivized to have succeed regardless of the
      | costs, e.g. the guy having a conflict of interest?
 
    | CydeWeys wrote:
    | But how do you set differential electricity prices by type of
    | use? That seems nightmarish to try to enforce. So you
    | criticize the miners, but what can actually be done about it?
 
      | sharker8 wrote:
      | We do that somewhat by limitations in the grid itself. A
      | simple example is that different kind of outlet you use for
      | your washer dryer machine.
 
        | mikestew wrote:
        | The kind of outlet one sees for 240V is to keep you from
        | plugging your 120V iPhone charger into it, not because
        | it's any kind of limitation on the grid. You can have
        | European-style (or Australian, or Vietnamese, or...)
        | outlets in your U. S. house if you like, and pull 220V
        | out of every outlet in your house, you'll just have to do
        | a ton of rewiring. (Theoretically; if I've forgotten
        | something, it's because I've never heard of anyone
        | converting a U. S. house to use non-U. S. appliances.)
 
        | suprfsat wrote:
        | Is there such a thing as a 120V-only USB charger?
 
        | mikestew wrote:
        | Well, if we're going to get all pedantic and stuff, I'm
        | pretty sure those old iPhone chargers came with a non-
        | swappable U. S. 120V plug. But for the life of me I can't
        | find one lying within arm's reach at the moment.
 
        | sharker8 wrote:
        | Agreed, but there's more to it I think. The primary
        | design goal of the system is don't accidentally start a
        | fire or electrocute yourself. The other effect however is
        | the inverse, a mechanism by which the power company can
        | come up with the right distribution of transformers to
        | get the power to your home. If you have not been wired by
        | an electrician to handle that much electricity, your
        | block may not be sufficiently wired and fused to deliver
        | that much. Because presumably the electrician checks such
        | things before putting buildings on the grid.
 
        | ragebol wrote:
        | What's different about it? All my 230v devices use the
        | same outlet and plug. Or is that on a different voltage
        | and current, power rating alltogether?
 
        | suprfsat wrote:
        | If you don't have a 240V circuit handy you can just find
        | two 120V circuits on opposite phases and wire them
        | together
 
    | thebean11 wrote:
    | > interrogating whether the benefits outweigh the costs
    | 
    | What does this mean, in practice? Who investigates and what
    | is the outcome?
    | 
    | Do the things OP listed above warrant a similar
    | investigation?
 
      | JumpCrisscross wrote:
      | > _Who investigates and what is the outcome?_
      | 
      | The public? Something that benefits a few at the expense of
      | the many is the canonical case for regulation.
      | 
      | (I don't think we should ban or even really regulate
      | Bitcoin. Not at this point.)
 
        | sombremesa wrote:
        | > at the expense of the many
        | 
        | I think you've misunderstood something. Those people are
        | buying their own electricity...at their own expense. So,
        | you want to bring arbitrary restrictions to electricity -
        | as if we didn't have enough issues with net neutrality
        | already.
 
        | umanwizard wrote:
        | The market could solve this problem properly if there
        | were a global carbon tax, but unfortunately, there isn't.
 
        | devlopr wrote:
        | Assuming bitcoin is using carbon poluting sources. Some
        | of the bigger miners in China use hydro/dam energy. The
        | miners in Iceland are using geothermal.
 
        | beckingz wrote:
        | Except that most of the energy is subsidized by China or
        | other countries.
 
        | jevgeni wrote:
        | Ah, so they are paying for the adverse effect on the
        | climate. That's alright then. /s
 
        | sombremesa wrote:
        | We have solar power, hydroelectricity, nuclear power,
        | wind turbines...if the mere fact of electricity existing
        | has an adverse effect on the climate, I can tell you one
        | thing:
        | 
        | It's not bitcoin's fault.
 
        | jevgeni wrote:
        | Cool. 63% if electricity still comes from fossil fuels:
        | https://ourworldindata.org/electricity-mix
        | 
        | So, ca. 76 of those TWh/year are still carbon heavy.
 
        | dumbfounder wrote:
        | from @umanwizard:
        | 
        | >The market could solve this problem properly if there
        | were a global carbon tax, but unfortunately, there isn't.
        | 
        | "Solve it"? How so? Crypto mining is largely powered by
        | renewables (40% according to one source in Sep 2020). It
        | is a race to find the most energy efficient way create
        | power to make it worthwhile to mine, which has some
        | positive effect on society by driving innovation. No idea
        | if that is a net positive, but this is not black and
        | white issue at all the way many here are framing it.
 
        | acdha wrote:
        | > Crypto mining is largely powered by renewables (40%
        | according to one source in Sep 2020).
        | 
        | That's one source and less than half does not mean
        | "largely" in standard English usage. More importantly,
        | almost nobody uses Bitcoin so a key question would be how
        | that'd change if usage could be scaled up to, say, even
        | 0.1% of daily transactions.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | For bitcoin to use an equivalent amount of carbon as visa
        | per transaction, it'd need to be 99.9999% powered by
        | renewables and visa would need to be 100% powered by
        | fossil fuels.
 
      | Grustaf wrote:
      | I don't think it matters who you ask to investigate it,
      | everyone except bitcoin users themselves will realise that
      | it's an absurd waste of electricity, for very little added
      | value.
 
        | thebean11 wrote:
        | So things that the majority don't like / understand
        | should be illegal because they use resources? You can't
        | see the issue with that?
        | 
        | And that still doesn't really answer whose job it is to
        | ban all these things, and what mechanism would be used to
        | enforce it.
 
        | jevgeni wrote:
        | You conveniently omit the social cost.
        | 
        | Enforcing could be done via banning any payment with
        | bitcoin.
 
        | devlopr wrote:
        | Well not really. Most people buy coins because they
        | believe the price will climb and never use them for
        | buying. For the retailers who accept bitcoin many are in
        | smaller countries where the law wouldn't apply and many
        | semi-legimate uses (ordering weed by mail) would continue
        | to accept payment this way because their activity is more
        | illegal (carrys a bigger punishment) than the new bitcoin
        | law would.
 
        | jevgeni wrote:
        | What is the point of BTC price climbing if you wouldn't
        | be able to convert it to cash or pay for goods?
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | If the majority is 99% and that other fraction of 1% use
        | an ENORMOUS amount of resources on their hobby, then yes
        | it is reasonably to consider making it illegal.
 
        | africanboy wrote:
        | > So things that the majority don't like / understand
        | should be illegal because they use resources?
        | 
        | If they produce a net negative for the majority and only
        | benefit a small number of people, then yes.
        | 
        | We don't go around driving tanks, do we?
        | 
        | I love tanks, but there's a reason why we can't drive
        | them to go to the mall.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | > So things that the majority don't like / understand
        | should be illegal because they use resources? You can't
        | see the issue with that?
        | 
        | There is a difference between majority not liking and
        | only like 0.2% of the world consuming more energy than _a
        | whole country_. There are 5million bitcoin users, they
        | are consuming more electricity than 44 million people's
        | daily lives. Think about the scale of imbalance here.
 
        | jeromegv wrote:
        | It is good practice to question if a technology is worth
        | the social cost of wasting so much electricity. This is
        | literally how Bitcoin is built, as it keeps growing, it
        | keeps consuming an insane amount of electricity, for a
        | very little amount of transactions per day. This is call
        | ethics, doesn't mean it should be illegal, but there is
        | value in questioning it and investigate if perhaps there
        | are better solutions than wasting energy.
 
        | Taek wrote:
        | "for very little added value"
        | 
        | That's an awfully subjective claim and one I find to be
        | contentious. I think even today Bitcoin's impact on
        | global politics has already provided massively more value
        | to global society than all of the resources it has spent
        | on electricity.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | What positive impact on global politics is it that
        | Bitcoin has had that motivates all the energy spent?
 
        | beckingz wrote:
        | Money laundering
 
        | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
        | Again, reading the original comment, you can apply your
        | very same line of reasoning to " Playing video games?" or
        | the rest of the examples. Should all the people who don't
        | play videogames also get together and ban gaming because
        | they themselves don't benefit from it and it consumes
        | "too much"?
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | I think video games are a silly waste of time but I don't
        | necessarily want to outlaw it. If playing one round of
        | Mario Kart consumed several megawatt hours of energy
        | though, I don't think anyone would want it to be allowed.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | Why do you stop taking into account scale? Gaming as a
        | whole does provides entertainment to a large number of
        | people and thus consumes large amount of energy. While
        | bitcoin is providing benefits (real or imagined) to a
        | very small fraction of people and consuming more
        | electricity than a _whole country_. If red dead
        | redemption was played by 10 people but consumed
        | electricity equivalent to 100 people's daily life then we
        | would be talking about regulation there too.
        | 
        | BTW, afaik bitcoin has 5million users and Argentina's
        | population is 44 million. Also, this energy consumption
        | by 44million people includes all the activities you can
        | think of to add to this argument.
 
        | ctdonath wrote:
        | Scale does not inherently excuse. Energy for gaming could
        | be routed to feeding/warming the poor; should 100 die of
        | starvation/hypothermia so that 1,000,000 can play
        | Fortnite? do you really want to continue such reasoning?
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | Yes I do. This is why my country had a space program
        | before we solved all our social issues. You need to look
        | at how much good an activity actually does vs how much
        | resources it will consume. Entertainment is a good thing
        | so is space exploration. But ISRO did not consume more
        | resources than all other social improvement plans
        | combined. Bitcoin is consuming more energy than the daily
        | lives of a whole country. _Combined_
 
        | ha4fsd3fas wrote:
        | Gaming is also consuming more energy than the daily lives
        | of a whole country __Combined__. Entertainment is a good
        | thing, but watching a movie consumes a lot less resources
        | than playing games so why are games acceptable? What
        | about VR? VR uses a lot of GPU computations for something
        | a small fraction of people use. Surely people playing VR
        | could use some other form of entertainment that is less
        | resource consuming.
        | 
        | Or then we let people use their own resources the way
        | they see fit.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | Gaming uses vastly less energy per person.
 
        | africanboy wrote:
        | in your example 100 bitcoin users would let a million of
        | people die of starvation/hypothermia so that they can
        | play blockchain.
        | 
        | scale in general does not excuse, but consumption per
        | capita should.
        | 
        | A Ps4 consume around 100 watt/hour
        | 
        | If you keep it on 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, is 876
        | KW/year.
        | 
        | Which is not very much.
        | 
        | At 120Tw/year with 5 million users BC consumption per
        | capita is an astonishing 24,000kw/year (or 24Mw)
        | 
        | Every bitcoin user consumes 27 times the energy consumed
        | by a (quite powerful) gaming console turned on non stop
        | (which is never the case)
        | 
        | That's why there have been campaigns around the World to
        | replace incandescent bulbs with the energy efficient
        | ones.
        | 
        | Compared to the traditional ones the new light bulbs can
        | save up to the 80% of the energy, compared to a
        | bitcoiner, a non bitcoiner can save ~97% of the energy by
        | simply playing videogames.
 
        | thebean11 wrote:
        | > A Ps4 consume around 100 watt/hour
        | 
        | You need to take in the manufacturing costs, costs to
        | develop software, costs to run servers too, otherwise
        | you're only measuring marginal energy consumption for a
        | new user.
        | 
        | Marginal energy consumption for a new Bitcoin user is
        | probably small too.
 
        | africanboy wrote:
        | The website linked is actually measuring the amount of
        | energy that BC _is using_ right now to operate.
        | 
        | It's not the total amount of energy used to create the BC
        | network, the software, the HW and everything else.
        | 
        | https://cbeci.org/
        | 
        | > _The Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index
        | (CBECI) provides a real-time estimate of the total
        | electricity load and consumption of the Bitcoin network.
        | The model is based on a bottom-up approach initially
        | developed by Marc Bevand in 2017 that takes different
        | types of available mining hardware as the starting
        | point._
        | 
        | > _The first number refers to the total electrical power
        | consumed by the Bitcoin network and is expressed in
        | gigawatts (GW). This figure is updated every 30 seconds
        | and corresponds to the rate at which Bitcoin uses
        | electricity. The second number refers to the total yearly
        | electricity consumption of the Bitcoin network and is
        | expressed in terawatt-hours (TWh). We annualise Bitcoin's
        | electricity consumption assuming continuous power usage
        | at the aforementioned rate over the period of one year.
        | We apply a 7-day moving average to the resulting data
        | point in order to make the output value less dependent of
        | short-term hashrate movements, and thus more suitable for
        | comparisons with alternative uses of electricity._
 
        | thebean11 wrote:
        | The parts of PS4 and Bitcoin that are expensive are
        | different. It makes zero sense to compare the expensive
        | part of Bitcoin to the cheap part of PS4
 
        | foepys wrote:
        | Do you think the bitcoin mining rigs materialize
        | themselves out of thin air? Those things get constantly
        | replaced because they get inefficient due to the rising
        | hashrate and advancements in chip efficiency.
 
        | thebean11 wrote:
        | The ratio of energy spent running to energy spent
        | producing is orders of magnitude higher for bitcoin rigs
        | than for PS4s.
        | 
        | I disagree the comparison is useful.
 
        | africanboy wrote:
        | that's simply because a PS4 is orders of magnitude more
        | energy efficient than BC and was designed to be like that
        | 
        | BC on the other hand are very expensive in terms of
        | energy consumed, by design
        | 
        | BTC don't make any sense energy wise and in the end don't
        | make any sense to invest in something designed to burn
        | energy in the long run, especially now that we are trying
        | to fix the mistakes of the past
 
        | boh wrote:
        | No you really can't. Gaming employs large amounts of
        | people, sustaining economic growth as well as innovation
        | (GPU development was originally sustained by demand
        | related to gaming) . Bitcoin has little economic impact
        | relative to its energy use.
 
        | ctdonath wrote:
        | The money spent by interested parties indicates
        | otherwise.
 
        | s1artibartfast wrote:
        | Money spent by interested parties only indicates that
        | there is money to be made. It doesn't mean anything about
        | the usefulness of bitcoin.
 
        | boh wrote:
        | Feel free to present a case where the economic impact of
        | gaming is less than Bitcoin (feel free to include every
        | crypto-currency ever made in that comparison).
        | 
        | Market caps in speculative, unregulated markets aren't
        | indicators of economic relevance. Gaming facilitates
        | billions in production on a yearly basis. Crypto related
        | activity produces very little in comparison. And no,
        | someone buying billions worth of Bitcoin doesn't count
        | (just like people buying GameStop stock doesn't reflect
        | the economic impact of the gaming industry).
 
        | janoside wrote:
        | Rather than a case, how about a framework to evaluate
        | going forward: the market. Given enough time, I'm pretty
        | sure the market will root out the "real value" of bitcoin
        | and keep assessing the "real value" of gaming.
        | 
        | Let's watch for 5-10 years. If you're right about
        | bitcoin, I bet its price will be much lower and you can
        | gloat. If you're wrong, I bet its price will be much
        | higher (because I agree with the basic assessment that
        | gaming "feels" much bigger today). Luckily, we can both
        | place our bets based on our best assessments of the
        | future.
        | 
        | How confident are you that you can present a substantive
        | case _against_ bitcoin that matches the diligence that
        | Ross Stevens has done for years?
        | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lczPTYf_tvA
 
        | boh wrote:
        | Asset values don't reflect economic impact/relevance (as
        | in a $100MM Picasso doesn't indicate $100MM of economic
        | activity). That's why GDP is used as an indicator for
        | economic growth, not market caps.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | As it happens I just listened to a long talk by him,
        | perhaps this one. He kept arguing that "bitcoin isn't
        | volatile, because the price of various things measured in
        | bitcoins keep falling".
        | 
        | Either he doesn't know what volatility means or he is
        | trying to scam people.
 
        | thebean11 wrote:
        | Your point is true until it's not true, or Bitcoin fails.
        | 
        | You could make the same argument about any nascent
        | technology that hasn't succeeded or failed yet.
 
        | lowbloodsugar wrote:
        | This is the slippery slope logical fallacy.
        | 
        | We already do apply such laws. Car manufacturers are
        | required to sell a certain number of EVs. Emissions must
        | meet standards. Appliances have energy ratings. etc. etc.
        | 
        | If Bitcoin were regulated so that those using the excess
        | output of hydroelectric or other fixed output systems
        | could do so for free, but everyone else was taxed
        | appropriately, then that would actually probably do very
        | little because that is largely the situation already: far
        | from being an anonymous decentralized anarcho capitalist
        | future, it is just large organized crime syndicates in
        | China and Russia generating the transactions. And for all
        | these reasons, the US should make it illegal.
 
        | [deleted]
 
      | RobinL wrote:
      | Yes - nowadays I think pretty much everything that uses a
      | lot of energy comes under scrutiny, and, in particular
      | people look to see if the same outcome can't be achieved
      | with less energy
 
    | whoisninja wrote:
    | let the market decide then, step away- don't mine, don't use
    | Bitcoin if you prefer
    | 
    | gold mining uses tons of energy we knew automobiles will
    | pollute the environment, why didn't we stop using them
    | altogether?
 
      | Mordisquitos wrote:
      | I will agree with _" letting the market decide"_ on the
      | energy expended in Bitcoin when there is an effective and
      | globally enforced carbon emissions tax that adequately
      | compensates the potential damage caused by these emissions.
      | 
      | Other industries and activities, such gold mining,
      | automotives, food production, tourism, etc., must of course
      | also be covered by said carbon tax. However, what makes
      | Bitcoin particularly noxious compared to them is that it
      | intrinsically carries a financial incentive to expend
      | _more_ energy as time moves on.
 
      | baron_harkonnen wrote:
      | Capitalism always seeks a very local optima of maximizing
      | profit with absolutely no question about the cost of
      | "externalities". I put that in quotes because on a finite
      | planet (that at the dawn of industrialization _felt_
      | infinite) there 's no true externality.
      | 
      | Energy is how our society is able to maintain its existence
      | and current quality of life. If you over extended that
      | energy usage you are looking towards total collapse of that
      | system. That's what "unsustainable" means, that the system
      | cannot be sustained in it's current state indefinitely.
      | 
      | We already rely on fossil fuels to over extended the
      | carrying capacity of the planet for humans by nearly and
      | order of magnitude. Ignoring climate change and other
      | sustainability issues, the inevitable end of fossil fuels
      | would mean billions of lives lost, even if we were able to
      | stabilize the current global population.
      | 
      | I suspect, ultimately we will learn that humans are no
      | different than bacteria in a petri dish: completely unable
      | to do anything but consume all available resource even at
      | their own eventual peril. But if you have any hope that we
      | as a species _can_ avoid the fate of any other species
      | placed in a similar situation, then you, at the very least,
      | have to recognize that  "markets" can't solve this problem.
 
        | nwah1 wrote:
        | What you are talking about is a typical Malthusian
        | understanding of reality. At some level, there are
        | physical limits that cannot be exceeded. On a practical
        | level, those limits are vastly beyond what we can
        | currently comprehend or use, and the entirety of human
        | history is a testament to doing more and more with less
        | and less. (With blockchain technology being a notable
        | exception of always doing the same amount of stuff with
        | more and more resources)
        | 
        | Also, as a small aside... the concept of an externality
        | is not about pollution or waste. It is about a cost that
        | is imposed on people other than the individual
        | responsible for the cost. The finitude of the planet is
        | immaterial to the existence of externalities.
 
      | TrackerFF wrote:
      | But then again, gold actually has legitimate uses that
      | benefits most people (electronics).
      | 
      | Automobiles pollute, sure, but the vast majority of people
      | benefit from vehicles.
      | 
      | But what, if any, benefit does bitcoin offer to the public
      | - other than being a speculative asset?
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | Being able to store their wealth without being affected
        | by the endless money printing is the benefit.
 
        | whoisninja wrote:
        | yes, keep learning
        | 
        | gold is not that useful in utility sense tbh, less than
        | 10% is industrial use.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | We have several times more bars of gold than the amounts
        | used for industry/jewellery, we could have stopped mining
        | it decades ago if that was a serious argument.
 
      | rapnie wrote:
      | The market is deciding. It is destroying our world. But for
      | market winners there is no problem for a long time to come,
      | while 'the market decides' ever more in their favor.
 
      | bccdee wrote:
      | We _should_ spend money creating public transit
      | infrastructure to reduce the useof cars in urban areas. Not
      | only is it more efficient in terms of transportation, it
      | wastes much less energy and emits much less CO2. The fact
      | that we haven 't is a policy failure.
      | 
      | Incidentally, why would we ever let the market decide when
      | the market consistently throws externalities under the bus?
 
      | csharptwdec19 wrote:
      | We are lazy.
      | 
      | The original Model T could run on ethanol (not perfect, but
      | better than gasoline in many regards for pollution, and
      | back then IDK if they would have noticed) and Henry Ford
      | was fond of the idea of biofuels; at the time I think he
      | was fond of Potatoes for the purpose.
 
        | MisterBastahrd wrote:
        | The problem with biofuels derived from crops in that era
        | is that people were actually starving to death on a
        | regular basis.
 
        | ath92 wrote:
        | I wouldn't attribute this to only laziness. At the time
        | people weren't yet aware that burning fossil fuels would
        | cause climate change. It's also pretty cheap to just pump
        | fossil fuels out of the ground. On the other hand, people
        | back then did know that fried potatoes taste quite good.
        | And you can turn them into vodka too.
 
      | paulgb wrote:
      | The market won't decide optimally because the costs
      | (climate change) are socialized across the whole population
      | but the benefits are not.
      | 
      | It's basically saying if you don't like pollution don't
      | pollute, which is flawed in ways I don't have to explain.
 
        | whoisninja wrote:
        | ya then debate about it, write about it, learn about it
        | 
        | may be you are right , may be you're wrong
        | 
        | just don't be too sure that you know better than most
 
        | nwah1 wrote:
        | The Personal Responsibility Vortex is a decent
        | explanation.
        | 
        | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjNRtrZjkfE
 
    | ecommerceguy wrote:
    | I'm not against bitcoin anymore than I am against unnecessary
    | taxation but since bitcoin uses electricity at an insanely
    | unnecessary quantity it should be taxed to the hilt to make
    | up for increased environmental and infrastructure costs that
    | are borne onto the 99.999% that do not participate in the
    | scam.
 
      | rawtxapp wrote:
      | Most of it is renewable energy.
      | 
      | edit: 39% of it, as in a lot of it and that number should
      | go up as the world is phasing out dirty energy for cleaner
      | energy sources.
 
        | pfortuny wrote:
        | Which could be used for... heating? Lighting? Cooking?
        | Cars? Something _useful_?
 
        | ecommerceguy wrote:
        | This is for Raw transaction App person. What is bitcoin
        | useful for? Laundering money out of China I give you. Do
        | cartels accept bitcoin yet?
        | 
        | Genuinely curious, what it is useful for?
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | @ecommerceguy, for protecting my wealth against dilution
        | by endless money printing, stimulus and bailouts of
        | broken companies/banks.
        | 
        | I strongly believe that the current financial system is
        | completely broken, so I'd like to opt out of it as much
        | as possible.
 
        | j-pb wrote:
        | You're free to do so, buy a plot of land and grab a plow.
        | 
        | Don't ruin the planet for everybody else so that you can
        | sit on your un-diluting hoard of tulips like a dutch
        | dragon.
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | While you might disagree with that, Bitcoin _is_ useful.
 
        | s1artibartfast wrote:
        | I think that is the fundamental disagreement. Many people
        | do not view bitcoin as doing anything useful. If it is
        | useful, how does it compare to other solutions for the
        | same problems.
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | @s1artibartfast, then it comes down to, _who_ decides
        | what 's considered useful? In many ways, the market does,
        | right? If it was useless trash, it wouldn't have any
        | value, but that's clearly not the case.
 
        | monopoledance wrote:
        | I think most of that is hydro-power or geothermal energy,
        | as in some situation, these produce _excess_ energy
        | locally at times.
        | 
        | This is not the same as "renewable" energy, it's locally
        | bound opportunistic energy. Hydro- and geothermal power
        | is limited and almost exhausted already. These power
        | sources are not chosen because they are ecologically
        | neutral, but because mining is portable and can
        | opportunistically use temporary cheap sources, like
        | hydro-electrical dams build before the intended consumers
        | arrived. Nothing in Bitcoin inherently favors sustainable
        | energy sources, over cheap supply. In the coming years,
        | we will _have to_ bite the bullet and chose very
        | expensive endeavors over what the market suggests.
        | Bitcoin doesn 't fit this future. It's suggested "value"
        | is nothing compared to humanity's survival.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | Its really not[1].
        | 
        | > However, the CCAF's report specifies that the 76%
        | refers to the share of hashers who use renewable energy
        | at any point. It estimates that only 39% of hashing's
        | total energy consumption comes from renewables.
        | 
        | > Behind hydroelectricity, coal (38%) and natural gas
        | (36%) are the energy sources hashers favour most.
        | 
        | [1]https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/36672/renewable-
        | energy-....
 
        | frongpik wrote:
        | Only? I guess that if 40% of the worldwide energy
        | production came from clean sources, all news outlets
        | would count that as a massive success.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | Yes. As they should. Its a much bigger achievement. I
        | don't think these things are related.
 
        | ashtonkem wrote:
        | The issue is that energy is largely fungible, at least
        | when limited in space and time. Occasionally renewables
        | are over-produced and can't be transmitted elsewhere, but
        | often every kWh of green energy wasted on bitcoin mining
        | is a kWh of non-renewable energy that has to be created
        | to meet other demands.
 
        | [deleted]
 
      | abecedarius wrote:
      | Tax the _externality_ of actually burning carbon. That 's
      | what we actually want to discourage, right?
 
      | Mc_Big_G wrote:
      | How much does it cost to maintain the dollar? It's reserve
      | status is propped up through trillions of dollars spent on
      | the military industrial complex. How much energy does that
      | waste? Massive taxation on Bitcoin, simply because it's
      | energy usage is easily calculated, is questionable.
 
    | ctdonath wrote:
    | That's...what money does: evaluate supply vs demand,
    | identifying the relationship of value between options,
    | decided by those with a vested interest. Such a system
    | inherently evaluates cost vs benefits in a holistic networked
    | manner (vs wishful thinking by the uninvolved).
 
    | janoside wrote:
    | Via Tesla, bitcoin is now implicitly held by all investors in
    | the S&P 500, including, very likely, you. You are now a
    | benefactor of bitcoin's growth, whether you're aware of it or
    | not. This trend, where bitcoin quietly confers benefits to
    | growing constituencies of people who remain completely
    | unaware of the fact, will continue.
    | 
    | And, at the same time, there are many people, in less
    | fortunate circumstances, for whom the benefits of bitcoin are
    | felt much more acutely:
    | https://twitter.com/gladstein/status/1357757736394444800
    | 
    | The "minuscule percentage" you quote (without reference) is
    | very likely already clearly incorrect and will continue, over
    | time, to become more incorrect.
 
    | bhupy wrote:
    | > a minuscule percentage
    | 
    | This is true right now considering how nascent this is, but
    | what happens if adoption picks up?
    | 
    | One thing I'd like to see discussed is what the _marginal_
    | power cost of Bitcoin is. From where I sit, the vast majority
    | of power consumption is fixed per block, and occurs
    | regardless of whether you have 1 or 10,000 transactions.
 
      | tekromancr wrote:
      | Almost, but because of the incentives, the greater the
      | adoption, the more valuable each individual block reward
      | actually is. The more valuable each individual block reward
      | is, the more energy you can afford to spend attempting to
      | mine it.
 
      | kybernetikos wrote:
      | You can't fit 10,000 transactions in a block on BTC.
 
      | michaelscott wrote:
      | The power consumption is linked to network size and has
      | nothing to do with the block itself. If anything the
      | marginal power cost is linked to the price of a Bitcoin, as
      | the higher it climbs the more incentive to mine, the
      | greater the competition and therefore the greater the
      | mining difficulty/energy required. The only way to really
      | lower energy consumption is to lower the price I can get
      | for a Bitcoin but with the current economic conditions I
      | don't see that happening anytime soon.
 
        | sp332 wrote:
        | How is power consumption related to network size? I agree
        | that the power consumption of the network is directly
        | related to the value of the bitcoins mined (and I
        | supposed the transaction fee/tip size).
 
        | kybernetikos wrote:
        | I think by 'network size' the GP is referring to the
        | network hashrate.
        | 
        | For proof of work networks to function securely, the
        | network as a whole must have a much higher computation
        | rate than an attacker.
        | 
        | Obviously capabilities increase the whole time, so the
        | bitcoin network needs to be able to adapt - to do this,
        | it adjusts its 'difficulty' approximately every two
        | weeks. The power usage corresponds directly to the
        | difficulty level set by the network.
        | 
        | If you add more miners, the difficulty will increase, and
        | power consumption will go up, if miners leave, the
        | difficulty will decrease and power consumption will go
        | down.
 
        | x3n0ph3n3 wrote:
        | Network size increases competition to mine blocks faster,
        | leading to demands for higher hash rate, leading to
        | higher power consumption.
 
        | hollerith wrote:
        | That's not how Bitcoin mining works.
        | 
        | A certain amount of bitcoin -- the amount determined by a
        | schedule that was defined before the network became
        | operational -- is given as a mining reward every 10
        | minutes. The incentives of the individual miners is such
        | that the expenses of the miners (collectively) equals the
        | mining reward -- and the major mining expense is
        | electricity.
        | 
        | If the mining reward is cut in half, the electricity
        | consumption of the network is cut in half, too.
        | 
        | In contrast, if the rate of transactions changes or the
        | number of miners change, electricity consumption stays
        | the same. (More precisely, the expenses of running the
        | network equals the mining reward plus any transaction
        | fees, and since the blocks are of fixed size, for more
        | transactions to compete for space in the blocks increases
        | transaction fees, but I am guessing that transaction fees
        | are currently a small fraction of the mining reward.)
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | x3n0ph3n3 wrote:
        | I think you are _very_ mistaken.
        | 
        | > If the mining reward is cut in half, the electricity
        | consumption of the network is cut in half, too.
        | 
        | That's not true it all -- there is no difficulty
        | adjustment when the reward is halved. There may be
        | pressure on some miners to stop mining, but that
        | adjustment is not immediate and can also be compensated
        | for by change in the price of bitcoin.
        | 
        | > In contrast, if the rate of transactions changes or the
        | number of miners change, electricity consumption stays
        | the same.
        | 
        | Given the network is operating at peak transaction rate
        | already, there's not much change here. Neither block size
        | nor the transaction count has a meaningful affect on the
        | computations required to "solve" a block. The merkle tree
        | for the transactions is computed once, but most of
        | computation is finding a nonce, that combined with the
        | rest of the block header, produces a hash with a certain
        | number of leading zeros.
        | 
        | Changing the block size or transaction count doesn't
        | meaningfully change electricity consumption.
 
        | hollerith wrote:
        | I agree with your final 2 paragraphs.
        | 
        | >that adjustment . . . can also be compensated for by
        | change in the price of bitcoin.
        | 
        | It can. When I wrote that if the mining reward is cut in
        | half, the electricity consumption of the network is cut
        | in half, too, I assumed that the price remains constant.
        | 
        | A miner must pay for the electricity he or she uses.
        | Where do you think the money comes from to pay for the
        | massive amount of electricity used by the network?
        | 
        | Do you imagine that rich people (i.e., people who can
        | afford to lose money) are buying the electricity for pro-
        | Bitcoin ideological reasons?
        | 
        | I don't: I believe that it comes out of the revenue made
        | (collectively) by the miners. In other words, the
        | payments for the electricity are parts of (individual)
        | plans to make money through mining.
        | 
        | And I believe that if that (collective) revenue were cut
        | in half -- especially if miners and prospective miners
        | knew of the halving in advance (particularly, before they
        | decided what mining hardware if any to buy) -- then money
        | spent on electricity is approximately cut in half, too.
        | (Because otherwise the plans to make money would not
        | work.)
        | 
        | You are correct that the adjustment in the hash rate is
        | not immediate after a halving of the mining reward.
        | Mostly that is because miners who recently bought mining
        | hardware have to continue mining after the halving to
        | continue to pay for their hardware.
        | 
        | If the halving was announced in advance, then the halving
        | will start exerting downward pressure on the mining
        | difficulty months in advance of the actual date of the
        | halving. The major cause of that downward pressure is
        | miners opting not to upgrade their hardware and
        | prospective miners opting not to enter the mining
        | business in the first place (the effect of which is to
        | make it take longer for the remaining miners with their
        | non-upgraded hardware to solve the proof-of-work puzzles,
        | which in turns causes the software to reduce mining
        | difficulty to return the average time between successive
        | blocks back to 10 minutes).
        | 
        | Basically, it takes many months for newly-manufactured
        | mining hardware to pay for itself, and that delay is the
        | main reason the response to a reward-rate halving is
        | slow. But again the response starts months before the
        | actual halving; and the cumulative effect of the halving
        | on the rate -- more precisely the effect the rate has on
        | how much electricity is consumed by the network over the
        | years -- is approximately the same as it would be if the
        | effect of the halving on the rate were instantaneous.
        | 
        | It is the fact that one of the major expenses (namely,
        | hardware) of the miners is "lumpy" (requires an upfront
        | expenditure that is then recouped over many months) that
        | obscures the simple relationship whereby the collective
        | expenses of the mining community approximately equals the
        | collective revenues of that community -- where most of
        | that revenue is from mining rewards, which is equal to
        | the price of bitcoin (or the value of bitcoin if you
        | prefer) times the rate at which the network dispenses
        | bitcoins from miners as rewards. What makes me confident
        | that expenses = revenues is that miners are rational and
        | consequently are capable of taking into account scheduled
        | halvings of the rewards to mining and the "lumpiness" of
        | the cost of mining hardware (and many other factors).
 
      | Taek wrote:
      | Bitcoin is valuable even if adoption never does pick up.
      | It's a money system with certain properties that can't be
      | found anywhere else, and it's a money system that's that's
      | half decent.
      | 
      | The existence of Bitcoin forces all other money systems
      | around the world to be at least as good as Bitcoin, or
      | citizens will flee into Bitcoin.
      | 
      | Bitcoin adds value simply by existing, even absent serious
      | adoption.
 
        | nmfisher wrote:
        | How many products and services are bought every day with
        | conventional monetary systems?
        | 
        | How many products and services are bought every day with
        | Bitcoin?
        | 
        | I suspect BTC will have as much impact on conventional
        | currencies as a fly landing on an aircraft carrier.
 
        | Taek wrote:
        | Bitcoin also spends about as much money as a fly landing
        | on an aircraft carrier. Sorry Argentina, but you just
        | don't use that much electricity in the context of the
        | global economy.
        | 
        | Companies like Tesla are buying Bitcoin, not because they
        | intend to transact with Bitcoin but because it gives them
        | protection against inflation within the US economy, and
        | it gives them a stash of money that cannot be forcibly
        | shut down, allowing them to do business even in
        | jurisdictions that don't want them there.
        | 
        | If you are looking at just the "products and services"
        | you are missing the forest for the trees.
 
        | nmfisher wrote:
        | There's so many things wrong with this comment.
        | 
        | Until people start accepting bitcoin for bread, rent and
        | salaries, Tesla most certainly does not have a "stash of
        | money that cannot be forcibly shut down". It has
        | something that _might_ be able to be exchanged into a
        | local currency to buy those things.
        | 
        | What's more, that stash of bitcoin most certainly _could_
        | be forcibly shut down at the stroke of a pen. Tesla is a
        | public US company listed on a US stock exchange. If the
        | USA decided tomorrow to criminalise BTC, Tesla would be
        | left with a huge 1.5bn hole in its accounts and a huge
        | number of very pissed off investors.
        | 
        | Moreover, if Elbonia doesn't want Tesla there, how in the
        | hell are Tesla cars going to arrive at ports? How are
        | they going to be registered? How are Tesla going to
        | deploy charging infrastructure? BTC has exactly squat to
        | offer in terms of dealing with jurisdictions that don't
        | want them there.
        | 
        | BTC isn't some magic wand that lets you operate in a
        | fairy dimension where none of the rules of reality apply.
 
        | Taek wrote:
        | Just because Tesla doesn't have the ability to sell cars
        | in Elbonia doesn't mean they don't have some form of
        | commerce requirement with Elbonia. Maybe they are paying
        | devs to work on the UI, or paying a computing company to
        | run simulations.
        | 
        | Bitcoin is already accepted by many for rent and
        | salaries. Bread is not likely to ever happen because
        | transactions are too inefficient, but that doesn't mean
        | you can't viable have an economy based on larger
        | exchanges.
 
        | computerlab wrote:
        | I often wonder if the release of Zelle around 2017 (near
        | instant, fee-free transactions between personal and
        | business bank accounts between certain US banks) was
        | motivated by a perceived crypto threat.
 
        | nmfisher wrote:
        | I mean, that's been pretty standard in every country I've
        | dealt with outside the USA for a long long time.
        | 
        | If anything, I'd say that's more a reflection of the poor
        | state of the USA banking sector than its currency.
 
        | zht wrote:
        | vs the rise of Venmo and Square Cash?
 
  | cesarb wrote:
  | > How much energy does watching porn consume? Playing video
  | games? Watching a movie? Browsing Facebook? Using a ski chair?
  | Visiting an amusement park? Going in vacation? Cooking your
  | favorite type of food? Making ice cream? Driving to your
  | friends? Listening to music? Concerts? Having a party? Banking?
  | Casinos?
  | 
  | The difference is that, for all of these, the incentive is to
  | _lower_ the energy usage. For Bitcoin, the incentive is to
  | _increase_ the energy usage, until the amount of energy used
  | costs the same as the amount of Bitcoin received by the miners.
 
  | agumonkey wrote:
  | I'd really like to know the energy cost of HD streaming in
  | general. Including god damn hi-res GIFs.
 
  | umanwizard wrote:
  | > Bitcoin is now considered by some important for our future
  | finance system
  | 
  | Yeah, but those people are wrong. It's perfectly reasonable to
  | judge them for doing harmful actions in service of a wrong
  | belief.
 
    | pdpi wrote:
    | Why are they wrong? People who consider Bitcoin important are
    | not a homogeneous mass -- are you saying all those people are
    | wrong, or some portion of it?
 
      | umanwizard wrote:
      | I believe that everyone who thinks Bitcoin is important to
      | the future of the global financial system is wrong about
      | that particular point. (They might be fine people in other
      | ways, or have other reasons to like Bitcoin, sure).
 
        | meowkit wrote:
        | Ok but _why_.
        | 
        | Here is a primer on why BTC and crypto are important to
        | the future of the global financial system.
        | 
        | https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/2021/
        | 02/...
 
    | rawtxapp wrote:
    | Why are they wrong?
 
      | Weebs wrote:
      | They're completely ignoring the concept of magnitude, and
      | realistically their claim is "we use energy for other
      | stuff, so there's nothing wrong with using massive amounts
      | of energy for X". They're making an implicit premise that
      | using large amounts of energy, which causes harm to humans,
      | is okay. If you accept that premise, okay fine, but I
      | don't.
      | 
      | As another poster here shared, a single transaction uses
      | upwards of hundreds of kwh. That kind of energy that moves
      | thousands of pounds hundreds of miles, or power a typical
      | US household for almost an entire month.
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | If you think this creates a financial system that's much
        | more transparent and solid than the current one which is
        | completely broken, than that energy usage is worth it.
        | Also you shouldn't look at it in terms of
        | energy/transaction, the energy consumption isn't a
        | function of transactions.
 
        | ashtonkem wrote:
        | > If you think this creates a financial system that's
        | much more transparent and solid than the current one
        | which is completely broken, than that energy usage is
        | worth it.
        | 
        | Bitcoin is capable of handling 4 transactions a second.
        | If you've created a financial system that consumes more
        | energy than Argentina and can't actually handle the
        | transaction requirements of a decent sized mall, then I'd
        | begin to wonder what definition of "solid" you're using.
        | 
        | > Also you shouldn't look at it in terms of
        | energy/transaction, the energy consumption isn't a
        | function of transactions.
        | 
        | We can look at energy consumption per block, but there's
        | no way to slice and dice this in a way that doesn't make
        | Bitcoin look like a massive waste of energy compared to
        | competitive systems.
 
        | Weebs wrote:
        | A fully trusted and decentralized financial system is
        | great, but it's not going to change the fundamental power
        | relations that cause so much harm in our society. To me
        | that makes the process not worth it
        | 
        | I believe the research is useful, but to base an
        | international currency around it with these costs is not
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | As long as it stops a few people in the world controlling
        | the money supply, that's a big win from my perspective.
 
        | ashtonkem wrote:
        | I've never really understood why people ascribe such
        | magical capabilities to Bitcoin. Bitcoin has really bad
        | wealth inequality, arguably worse than the rest of
        | America does.
 
      | umanwizard wrote:
      | Because Bitcoin is not important to our future finance
      | system. It does not solve any problem that any meaningful
      | fraction of people cares about.
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | While you might believe that, the market disagrees with
        | you.
 
        | orange_tee wrote:
        | That is not true. For example I hold bitcoin. But I also
        | don't believe that bitcoin will replace the financial
        | system or will serve any real purpose in the future. I am
        | just speculating on its value.
        | 
        | People speculate on loads of assets which have no real
        | life utility. For example, art or classic cars.
 
        | rawtxapp wrote:
        | Just because you are speculating doesn't mean other who
        | also hold it are speculating. Personally, I hold it
        | because I don't want my dollars to get perpetually
        | diluted because of endless money printing, stimulus,
        | bailouts, etc.
        | 
        | Also, Bitcoin has value and if you wanted, you unlock it
        | and spend your money without even selling your asset,
        | there was a discussion the other day about defi, highly
        | recommend checking out MakerDAO if you want to have a
        | practical use for your Bitcoins.
 
    | nickpp wrote:
    | Beliefs that used to be "wrong" and now are considered right:
    | abolitionism, homosexuality, marijuana.
    | 
    | How do you know this is a wrong belief that will stay wrong?
 
      | cesarb wrote:
      | > How do you know this is a wrong belief that will stay
      | wrong?
      | 
      | How do you know it won't?
      | 
      | Just because some beliefs that used to be "wrong" are now
      | considered "right", does not mean _all_ beliefs that used
      | to be  "wrong" will in the future be considered "right".
      | 
      | As the quote says, "They laughed at Columbus, they laughed
      | at Fulton, they laughed at the Wright brothers. But they
      | also laughed at Bozo the Clown."
 
      | loufe wrote:
      | This is a bit of a tangent, but I think often of how wrong
      | it is that we allow indoor marijuana production in places
      | like Canada and the Western USA where it's legal. What a
      | horrible waste of energy.
 
      | trimbo wrote:
      | Maybe a better comparison would be mutually assured
      | destruction. Enormous, world-level resources spent towards
      | trying to ensure an outcome for something that no one wants
      | to have happen. Those enriched along the way were the
      | purveyors, not the population.
 
      | ashtonkem wrote:
      | The existence of other beliefs that were overturned, even
      | ones with a high emotional value now does not support
      | unrelated ideas.
      | 
      | Put more simply: just because gay rights campaigners were
      | ultimately vindicated doesn't mean you're their modern
      | equivalent.
 
      | matsemann wrote:
      | Ah, the brave crypto millionaires marching and fighting for
      | human rights.
 
      | umanwizard wrote:
      | I don't know for certain, of course; I just very strongly
      | suspect it.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | AshamedCaptain wrote:
  | > $X is now considered by some important for our future finance
  | system. While not everybody agrees, this may be more important
  | than countless other ways we use energy, for much more trivial
  | reasons. [...] Being judgmental about how others use energy
  | they pay for reeks of hypocrisy, virtue signaling and holier-
  | than-thou attitude.
  | 
  | Et voila!
  | 
  | "Some" people think $X is now important, and thus, the rest of
  | the world shall no longer be able to produce judgements on
  | either $X or "those people".
  | 
  | I think it is definitely up for debate, and we can ask
  | questions such as how absurd $X actually is (or is not), how
  | absurdly wasteful (or not) $X is, how many "some people" is,
  | whether the assumption that $X is important for $Y is true (or
  | not), etc.
  | 
  | Please...
 
  | jp555 wrote:
  | Even more directly - How much energy does all the world's
  | "legacy" Fintech use?
  | 
  | Banks, exchanges, government tax agencies, accountants, money
  | printing, retail cash machines (ATM, registers, etc) and all
  | the way to gold mining.
 
    | bccdee wrote:
    | If you want to analogize 1:1, a bitcoin transaction consumes
    | approximately five hundred thousand times more energy than a
    | visa transaction [1].
    | 
    | [1]: https://www.statista.com/statistics/881541/bitcoin-
    | energy-co...
 
      | xorcist wrote:
      | A better comparison with Visa is perhaps an intra-exchange
      | transaction, such as Bakkt? Or perhaps a Bitcoin Lightning
      | transaction?
 
      | rawtxapp wrote:
      | But you're also not counting all the people, buildings,
      | surrounding systems needed to make the VISA network work.
 
        | bccdee wrote:
        | Nor am I counting the infrastructure surrounding Bitcoin
        | mining. This tabulates only the energy expenditure of the
        | computers performing the transactions.
 
      | hakesdev wrote:
      | Please read. Nic Carter is a good place to start.
      | https://www.coindesk.com/what-bloomberg-gets-wrong-about-
      | bit...
      | 
      | "First of all, Bitcoin and Visa are fundamentally different
      | systems. Bitcoin is a complete, self-contained monetary
      | settlement system; Visa transactions are non-final credit
      | transactions that rely on external underlying settlement
      | rails. Visa relies on ACH, Fedwire, SWIFT, the global
      | correspondent banking system, the Federal Reserve and, of
      | course, the military and diplomatic strength of the U.S.
      | government to ensure all of the above are working smoothly.
      | 
      | Any energy comparison must take the above into account -
      | including the externalities from the extraction of oil,
      | which implicitly backs the dollar. As those who make this
      | comparison inevitably fail to mention, the dollar's
      | ubiquity is partly due to a covert arrangement whereby the
      | U.S. provides military support to countries like Saudi
      | Arabia that agree to sell oil exclusively for dollars. It's
      | worth noting that the grossly oversized U.S. military,
      | whose presence worldwide is necessary to backstop the
      | international dollar system, is the largest single consumer
      | of oil worldwide."
 
        | bccdee wrote:
        | Obviously there's more infrastructure behind USD
        | transactions than just Visa. But that doesn't change much
        | about my initial comparison -- Fedwire energy costs are
        | low and amortize across many transactions, as is true of
        | the rest of the infrastructure you list.
        | 
        | And if you want to start talking about the Fed and US
        | imperial power, then we have to start talking about the
        | bitcoin hype industry which exists to pump the value of
        | various cryptocurriencies. Cruises, conferences, etc,
        | etc. Besides, it's not as if we could get rid of US
        | imperialism or oil extraction by switching from USD to
        | BTC. You're just naming tangentially-related institutions
        | with high externalities, not actual costs of USD
        | transactions.
        | 
        | This is a deliberate obfuscation on the massive
        | inefficiency in Bitcoin's transaction infrastructure. We
        | don't need to talk about geopolitical power to talk about
        | Bitcoin's transparent wastefulness.
 
    | Nursie wrote:
    | When bitcoin provides 1% of the services that the "legacy"
    | financial world does, let's talk.
 
    | choward wrote:
    | Nobody uses the gold standard anymore.
 
  | Shoue wrote:
  | When the alternative is simply just using Proof of Stake and
  | lowering the energy consumption by an estimated 99%, yes, we
  | can be judgmental of how others use energy in this specific
  | case. It's not Bitcoin/PoW or no cryptocurrencies at all,
  | that's a false dichotomy, if that's what you're implying.
 
    | Nursie wrote:
    | Good luck with that. The bitcoin core folks can't even agree
    | to change blocksizes to increase transaction throughput.
    | Switching to PoS is highly unlikely.
 
      | DennisP wrote:
      | True, but the rest of us can switch blockchains.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | Good luck with that too.
 
        | deeeeplearning wrote:
        | Ether is the number 2 coin and has been steadily gaining
        | on Btc. Do you think everyone uses Btc exclusively?
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | No, but I don't think ether uses PoS either (though I
        | know they've been trying to move to it for years).
        | 
        | Further, whether or not some folks move to ethereum is
        | more or less irrelevant to whether BTC carries on doing
        | what it's doing. The problem is not individuals making
        | the switch, it's getting enough people to switch in order
        | to reduce the energy footprint of BTC.
 
        | DennisP wrote:
        | They've been trying for years but now it's been running
        | smoothly in production for several months. They plan a
        | few minor tweaks, then after watching it some more
        | they'll migrate the legacy chain to it. That's a fairly
        | simple software engineering task, rather than the
        | difficult research challenge that PoS has been until
        | recently.
        | 
        | The other big change on the way is a massive increase in
        | scalability, which I'm hoping will help move the market
        | in a more sustainable direction.
 
        | bcheung wrote:
        | It's already being done. There is a ton of financial
        | transactions in the DeFi space happening on Ethereum
        | right now and other protocols on other chains are rapidly
        | being developed and rolled out.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | I'm not saying ether is a ghost town, I'm saying good
        | luck making bitcoin an irrelevance to the point its
        | energy use drops.
 
    | onyb wrote:
    | PoS lacks fairness.
    | 
    | To participate in PoS, you need an existing stash of coins,
    | which is inaccessible for many individuals from countries
    | where cryptocurrencies are outlawed. Not forgetting to
    | mention that participation in consensus would indirectly
    | require going through KYC.
    | 
    | PoW, on the other hand, is akin to buying Bitcoin with
    | electricity - a borderless natural resource.
 
      | mcosta wrote:
      | You pay electicity with fiat money.
 
        | vntok wrote:
        | Solar panels are a thing. Depending on the region you are
        | setting them up in, a couple dozen panels and a battery
        | could reliably power an ASIC 24/7.
        | 
        | Hydro, wind are other possibilities.
 
      | bcheung wrote:
      | They both require large financial investments don't they?
      | And both PoW and PoS have pooling options if you want to
      | invest less.
      | 
      | I'm not seeing much difference in terms of accessibility.
      | In theory PoS is easier because PoW requires actual
      | hardware and/or more technical knowledge.
 
      | kybernetikos wrote:
      | > PoS lacks fairness.
      | 
      | I dislike the way that cryptocurrencies have managed their
      | initial allocations, but it's way better than the way that
      | fiat currencies have managed their initial allocations
      | (usually encoding generations of violence, rascism and
      | oppression).
      | 
      | To 'participate' in PoS (by which you mean mining a block I
      | suppose), you can buy all the stake you need from other
      | people, just like if you want to 'participate' in stock
      | ownership, or land ownership or ownership of nearly
      | anything else in the world.
      | 
      | > PoW, on the other hand, is akin to buying Bitcoin with
      | electricity - a borderless natural resource.
      | 
      | Well.... if you try to mine BTC these days with a standard
      | computer on a standard electricity tarif, you're not going
      | to have a fun time.
      | 
      | Given the fact that to reasonably 'participate' in PoS you
      | need only the kind of computer you already have and an
      | easily acquired stake, while to reasonably 'participate' in
      | many forms of PoW you need unusual, expensive custom
      | hardware and cheap electricity, I'm not at all convinced
      | that PoW has anything better to say about 'fairness'.
 
      | UncleMeat wrote:
      | What is fairness? In voting, we usually consider a system
      | which permits those with more money to vote more times to
      | be unfair. PoW is fair only if wealth is distributed
      | fairly.
 
        | kazinator wrote:
        | In voting, we consider voting more than once to be a
        | criminal offense.
        | 
        | (For values of "we" denoting various constitutional
        | democracies of the so-called free world.)
 
      | casi wrote:
      | You can participate in most(all i am aware of) PoS chains
      | with any amount of underlying tokens, in the same way you
      | can participate in a mining pool if you lack the hashrate
      | to mine independently.
      | 
      | There will be independent PoS validators who can afford
      | upfront costs, but there are independent miners too who
      | purchase lots of hardware. In PoS the next block is
      | randomly distributed, so those with better hardware dont
      | outperform. So you can validate off a solar powered
      | raspberry pi or nuc if you'd like and not underperform
      | someone with a highend gpu, so the hardware cost is much
      | lower, added to this in long run it will be cheaper to
      | participate in staking than having to replace gpus/asics to
      | mine with.
      | 
      | I don't see how this leads you to think it is unfair in
      | comparison to mining? Upfront costs pretty similar, running
      | costs cheaper, long term hardware replacement costs much
      | less.
 
      | jude- wrote:
      | Moreover, anyone who can stake their tokens to produce
      | blocks will never sell you enough tokens that you'll be
      | able to compete with them for future block rewards. Put
      | another way, the value of a staker's token-minting stake is
      | at least equal to the expected ROI over its lifetime (much
      | like how the value of a stock is worth its expected
      | dividends over time). PoS is a digital manifestation of a
      | hereditary aristocracy -- you can almost never buy your way
      | in; you have to be a first mover.
 
      | tekromancr wrote:
      | You need WAY more than just electricity. In order to have
      | any chance of receiving any amount of bitcoin, you also
      | need specialized equipment, connection to the network, and
      | access to a mining pool.
      | 
      | Those three things would give a government interested in
      | banning cryptocurrencies plenty of leverage to disrupt
      | mining operations in their country.
      | 
      | All they would need to do is regulate the import of ASIC
      | mining hardware; sinkhole any traffic that looks
      | "bitcoin-y" (damn the collateral damage, we're fighting
      | fascist communist pedophile terrorist drug traffickers
      | here!) and similarly block access to any known mining
      | pools.
      | 
      | They could go even further and introduce severe and
      | draconian penalties to anyone producing, possessing, or
      | using cryptocurrencies (which of course would be
      | selectively enforced).
      | 
      | At this point, once you factor in the real-world element,
      | the fact that, in theory, you only need electricity to
      | produce bitcoin becomes such a small part of that equation.
      | 
      | I think at that point why not use PoS (or better yet, a
      | DPoS scheme), if there isn't any real-world benefit to PoW?
      | I think the tradeoff of introducing a small amount of
      | revocable trust in exchange for RADICALLY reduced energy
      | consumption is pretty clearly worth it, given the real
      | world constraints.
 
      | bccdee wrote:
      | > a borderless natural resource.
      | 
      | Wow, I never knew ASICs grew on trees.
 
      | hacknat wrote:
      | PoW lacks fairness, most of the rewards go to folks who can
      | allocate capital to very expensive mining operations. I
      | would actually argue that PoS might be more fair/accessible
      | than PoW is now.
 
  | justapassenger wrote:
  | Bitcoin isn't religion (although it has many religious-like
  | followers), so there aren't dogmas you cannot question.
  | 
  | Energy usage of it is ridiculously high and people are totally
  | allowed to question how wasteful it is, no matter if you allow
  | them to.
 
  | cambaceres wrote:
  | If Bitcoin uses that amount of energy now, imagine how much it
  | will consume when a large amount of the population actualy uses
  | it for payments.
 
    | zadler wrote:
    | How many people use it for payments is not the right metric,
    | it's not the payments that cost a lot of electricity it's the
    | competition to win block rewards where more energy means a
    | higher chance of mining a block.
    | 
    | Indirectly, if a lot of people use it for payments it may be
    | worth more and attract more mining competition.
 
    | zie wrote:
    | Bitcoin and most(all?) crypto currencies pretty much suck for
    | payments. I think a BTC transaction costs around $16 USD just
    | to get it on the blockchain now. Plus transactions are not
    | private, and they are permanently public, so even if your BTC
    | Address is unknown today, doesn't mean it won't be known
    | tomorrow.
    | 
    | There are perhaps, some reasonable arguments for using
    | crypto-currencies, but buying groceries is not on the list.
    | Buying Houses... *MAYBE*, since that information is already
    | public anyway.
 
  | pixelpoet wrote:
  | I tried to make this point on Reddit, and was downvoted to a
  | smoking hole in the ground by people who were complaining that
  | they can't get GPUs to play games, and that it's not eco-
  | friendly. Of course, playing games on high powered GPUs is
  | super eco-friendly, as are many other ways of making money...
  | 
  | Half of them think people are mining Bitcoin on GPUs, and
  | almost none of them know about Proof of Stake coins. Not that I
  | want to excuse the egregious power consumption of PoW coins,
  | but I do wish the holier-than-thou crowd would at least do a
  | little more research.
 
    | Weebs wrote:
    | Yes, high powered gaming isn't eco friendly either, but can
    | we please stop ignoring magnitude and utility in this thread?
    | 
    | You can power a typical US household for almost an entire
    | month using the energy of a single bitcoin transaction. What
    | utility does Bitcoin bring with that single transaction? Is
    | it worth the measurable harm it's doing to our ecosystem and
    | human lives?
 
      | pixelpoet wrote:
      | I wasn't ignoring it, only pointing out that they were
      | ignoring the eco-unfriendliness of their preferred use of
      | GPUs (single users with single GPU, also not mining
      | fulltime probably since it's in their PC). Please tell me
      | you see the hypocrisy.
      | 
      | I'm personally fully onboard with Bitcoin and all PoW coins
      | being crap and wish they would die, leaving only PoS coins
      | in the crypto space.
 
    | louwrentius wrote:
    | Most people have a job and game part-time. GPUs in gaming
    | rigs are not powered on 24/7. Let's be honest about this.
 
    | jcranmer wrote:
    | The price of all cryptocurrencies more or less move in
    | tandem, so that when Bitcoin has a good time, so does all the
    | cryptocurrencies that can be mined with GPUs.
 
    | bonestamp2 wrote:
    | Some people are really out of touch. By the time they found
    | out about Bitcoin in the past couple years it had moved past
    | GPU mining almost a decade ago.
 
  | hummusman wrote:
  | When it became blindingly apparent that mining diamonds, gold
  | and rare earth metals was proving harmful to societies
  | (pollution, war etc.) countries put into place regulation to
  | ensure that future mining would be conducted in ways to try and
  | eliminate these harms.
  | 
  | Mining bitcoin is a growing contributor to energy consumption,
  | and subsequently environmental damage and harm.
  | 
  | Similar precedent?
 
    | Taek wrote:
    | Kind of but not really. People aren't upset at _how_ bitcoin
    | is using electricity, they are upset at how much bitcoin is
    | using electricity.
    | 
    | If you want to save the environment, regulate the production
    | of electricity irrespective of how that electricity is put to
    | use. Let the market figure out how to allocate the
    | electricity to various tasks.
 
    | chrisco255 wrote:
    | Energy consumption does not necessarily mean environmental
    | harm. That's not a law of the universe at all.
 
      | mentalpiracy wrote:
      | Where do you think energy being consumed comes from?
 
        | chrisco255 wrote:
        | Depends on the source, right? For example, in Iceland
        | it's mostly geothermal power plants. And that's why
        | electricity is so cheap there, and that's why, despite
        | being one of the smallest countries in terms of
        | population, it is #4 for Bitcoin mining:
        | https://www.cryptoknowmics.com/news/bitcoin-mining-
        | top-5-cou...
 
  | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
  | Oh, come on. All of those things, except for travel, draw
  | roughly zero watts compared to Bitcoin.
  | 
  | One Bitcoin transaction is about 750 kWh. That's enough to
  | power a typical home for a month. It's enough to drive about
  | 500 miles in an electric car, or (with vigorous handwaving
  | based on EPA numbers) about 200 miles in an efficient gasoline
  | car.
  | 
  | Bitcoin uses about 1/3 the energy of all the datacenters in the
  | world. There are about 120 million Bitcoin transactions per
  | year. If we assume 360 million people are using services that
  | run in datacenters (obviously too low), one Bitcoin transaction
  | uses as much electricity as the server time to support one user
  | across all the services they use for a year.
  | 
  | >Being judgmental about how others use energy they pay for
  | reeks of hypocrisy, virtue signaling and holier-than-thou
  | attitude.
  | 
  | This is an engineering problem.
 
    | bcheung wrote:
    | A transaction or a block? Multiple transactions are recorded
    | in a single block. The massive computational power is used to
    | certify and lock down blocks at a time, not individual
    | transactions.
 
      | xirbeosbwo1234 wrote:
      | A transaction. A block can hold a limited number of
      | transactions, so the throughput is limited. It works out to
      | about four transactions per second on average.
      | 
      | The cost to "mine" a whole block is even more ludicrous.
 
  | ctdonath wrote:
  | Excellent questions with interesting answers. OP's observation
  | begins a fascinating discussion. I've been roughing out minimal
  | cost of living, finding baseline around 5C//hr; need to re-cast
  | to kWh units.
 
  | sharkjacobs wrote:
  | > Being judgmental about how others use energy they pay for
  | reeks of hypocrisy, virtue signaling and holier-than-thou
  | attitude.
  | 
  | Are you actually seeing this or are you conflating criticisms
  | of bitcoin with criticisms of bitcoin miners? Because I feel
  | like I see a lot of the former and very little of the latter,
  | but maybe I'm looking in the wrong places.
 
  | matsemann wrote:
  | > _Being judgmental about how others use energy they pay for
  | reeks of hypocrisy, virtue signaling and holier-than-thou
  | attitude._
  | 
  | It's impossible to have a good debate if you from the get-go
  | insult everyone that disagree with you and heighten bitcoin to
  | something not allowed to be criticized because some people
  | believe it can be important in the future. As if that absolves
  | something from all sins.
 
  | betterunix2 wrote:
  | Important difference between Bitcoin and everything else you
  | mentioned: there is no incentive to improve the energy-
  | efficiency of mining. We went from CPU to GPU to ASIC mining,
  | each time reducing the per-hash energy consumption, and all the
  | miners did was hash more using the same amount of energy.
  | Whereas, for example, the energy used to watch porn -- energy
  | spent by all the routers, switches, and servers involved --
  | will be reduced if technological improvements allow the same
  | task to be accomplished with less energy.
 
    | leeoniya wrote:
    | aka https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox
 
      | betterunix2 wrote:
      | Nope, not the same. Bitcoin mining does not "produce"
      | hashes, it "produces" Bitcoin blocks. All that changed with
      | the improvement in hashing speed is the number of hashes
      | that must be computed before a block is added to the block
      | chain.
 
    | Taek wrote:
    | Spending material wealth on mining is what makes it secure.
    | We work on improving the per-hash cost because it makes it
    | more difficult for someone with a brilliant technological
    | innovation to compromise the security of the system.
    | 
    | And there is incentive to improve the total energy use. Every
    | participant in the system pays for the electricity that
    | secures bitcoin in the form of inflation and transaction
    | fees. If some alternative to Bitcoin can provide all the same
    | benefit but with less inflation and lower fees, then there is
    | a good reason to switch to that alternative. And people are
    | trying to innovate here continuously, the blockchain sector
    | at this point is getting more investment than the AI sector.
 
      | betterunix2 wrote:
      | Basically your argument is, "Bitcoin may not incentivize
      | improvements in energy efficiency, so we should scrap
      | Bitcoin and use something more efficient." Great, let's do
      | it. The technology is already here, in fact, the technology
      | was always there. Have a consortium of banks operate a
      | distributed public ledger. The banks will charge fees to
      | include transactions on the ledger, just like miners charge
      | fees now, and the economic incentives to raise or lower
      | fees will be similar -- but the fees will be lower because
      | the consortium members will not need to cover the
      | electricity cost of mining, only the cost of operating
      | their servers.
      | 
      | The only problem Bitcoin mining solves is the lack of
      | identification among the miners (i.e. the "Sybil attack"
      | problem). Seems pretty obvious to solve the problem by
      | introducing identity, particularly given that the large
      | miners / mining pools are not really anonymous. Sacrifice
      | the small miners who contribute little to the system, set
      | up a consortium, and enjoy whatever benefits the
      | distributed ledger provide without the waste.
      | 
      | (Yes I know, banks are evil, how dare anyone suggest that
      | we acknowledge any authorities in a system, why should we
      | trust the banks, etc.)
 
  | dubcanada wrote:
  | I do agree that most of these articles are picking on bitcoin.
  | 
  | I think the main problem people have is the actual result of
  | the mining is useless, say compared to using all those
  | computers for MI or Folding @ Home.
  | 
  | I think a better solution would be to get rid of these random
  | bytes and replace them with a Folding @ Home or similar
  | solution, where the computing power you donate results in you
  | getting X bitcoin. Things that are a positive on society,
  | rather then a negative.
  | 
  | But then again that is me being judgmental on others, maybe
  | people care a ton about that string of random alphanumeric
  | characters.
 
    | pdpi wrote:
    | The actual result of mining is defending the network against
    | double-spending (and censorship, to a degree -- though this
    | is more fragile). Insofar as you believe that Bitcoin-the-
    | currency is itself a social positive, the mining process has
    | a positive effect. (But also a very meaningful cost, which
    | leads us to a subtler question -- is it a _net_ positive?)
 
    | hakesdev wrote:
    | this is a really dumb argument that is trotted out every 4
    | years. There's also already a FoldingCoin that's been around
    | since 2014. https://bitcoinexchangeguide.com/foldingcoin/
    | 
    | For PoW to work it must be a _costly_ signal. If you
    | introduce positive externalities of mining (such as Folding @
    | Home) the system isn 't sustainable.
 
  | toolz wrote:
  | I don't know that name-calling adds much value to the
  | conversation, but I will say it's a failing strategy to try and
  | make value judgements for other people. The way forward is
  | technological advancement. That has always been the case. We're
  | not going to solve climate crisis by stifling anything as
  | should be evident just by looking at China. I'd imagine we're
  | all much better off supporting green energy rather than
  | pointing fingers at anyone who has a different value judgement
  | for how that energy should be used.
 
  | bccdee wrote:
  | One bitcoin transaction uses FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND TIMES more
  | energy than one Visa transaction [1]. This is like lighting a
  | cigar with a $500 bill and going "what, I have to light my
  | cigars _somehow,_ and inevitably it 'll cost something. I spend
  | money to meet my goals."
  | 
  | [1]: https://www.statista.com/statistics/881541/bitcoin-energy-
  | co...
 
    | parliament32 wrote:
    | Compared to the cost of lighting a cigar with a matchstick,
    | it'd be more like lighting it with a penny. Despite Visa
    | transactions being cheap, bitcoin transactions are also very
    | cheap -- you spend more power turning on your living room
    | light for a few seconds. Probably best if we keep things in
    | perspective.
    | 
    | Further: https://hackernoon.com/the-bitcoin-vs-visa-
    | electricity-consu...
 
      | bccdee wrote:
      | Okay, so the gist of that article is that bitcoin burns
      | about a third as much energy as _the entire global
      | institution of banking,_ based on some extremely back-of-
      | the-envelope calculations.
      | 
      | Bitcoin's current market cap is about $600 billion. There
      | are quadrillions of dollars worth of capital in the the
      | world, mostly managed by banks. Bitcoin remains EXTREMELY
      | inefficient in comparison.
 
  | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
  | This is the most concise and crystallized attempt at putting
  | this (certainly popular and in some ways inevitable) argument
  | into relatable words. Kudos.
 
  | undersuit wrote:
  | I've always wondered what the cost for HDCP encryption on our
  | media wastes.
 
  | titzer wrote:
  | Like it or not, we live on the same planet. I have to smell
  | your farts, and inhale your air pollution, and your CO2 output
  | ruins my climate. You can use energy however you want when you
  | pay for all the externalities yourself. Right now, you can't.
  | In aggregate, this concept is known as social responsibility.
 
  | cft wrote:
  | It's a salvo in the imminent central banks attack against this
  | serious threat, that would compete with their fiat experiment.
  | They are not sure yet whether to use the environmental angle or
  | the "terrorist use of Bitcoin" like Yellen announced .
 
  | moonbug wrote:
  | > Bitcoin is now considered by some important for our future
  | finance system.
  | 
  | Really? give us a source, one who isn't either a grifter, a
  | shill, or a criminal.
 
    | meowkit wrote:
    | https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/2021/02/.
    | ..
    | 
    | Bitcoin may not be around for ever if it isn't upgraded to be
    | more efficient, but public and private blockchains are here
    | to stay and have real use cases.
    | 
    | You can be a salty Luddite if you want, but assuming
    | proponents are mostly grifters, shills, or criminals just
    | tells me you don't have a clue.
 
      | moonbug wrote:
      | "As such, DeFi may potentially contribute to a more robust
      | and transparent financial infrastructure."
      | 
      | check your comprehension.
 
    | RIMR wrote:
    | Does it count if they're all three?
 
  | tw04 wrote:
  | How many of those directly convert electricity into profit?
  | 
  | How many of those businesses have been rent seeking
  | countries/states/locations that subsidize electricity for their
  | populations?
  | 
  | Electricity is one of those things most of society has deemed
  | an essential good, and as such has subsidized it for the
  | poorest among us. Bitcoin farmers are abusing that system to
  | turn the government subsidies into personal profit for a
  | handful.
  | 
  | Let's not even begin to equate THAT to someone going to a
  | concert put on for the benefit of and at the cost to those
  | participating.
 
    | ha4fsd3fas wrote:
    | Well it's like any other business that runs on electricity.
    | AWS converts electricity directly into profit. They provide a
    | service for paying customers, just like a miner does. I'm
    | sure many datacenters are located in places where electricity
    | is cheap, hell I bet some datacenters get it even cheaper
    | with lobbying.
 
      | tw04 wrote:
      | Can you list an example of AWS building a datacenter, in
      | secret, in a location with subsidized power? I _GUARANTEE
      | YOU_ Amazon lets the local municipality know when they 're
      | building a new datacenter and they aren't getting
      | subsidized rates.
 
    | ric2b wrote:
    | > Electricity is one of those things most of society has
    | deemed an essential good, and as such has subsidized it for
    | the poorest among us.
    | 
    | Sounds like an argument for giving subsidies to the poor
    | instead of anyone using electricity.
 
  | _jal wrote:
  | Watching porn and playing video games do not have structural
  | ratchets essentially forcing ever-greater porn-watching or
  | game-playing.
 
    | pattisapu wrote:
    | Wait a minute . . .
 
  | wcarron wrote:
  | > Being judgmental about how others use energy they pay for
  | reeks of hypocrisy, virtue signaling and holier-than-thou
  | attitude.
  | 
  | No, seeing a bunch of rich nerds wasting massive amounts of
  | energy in a time of environmental crisis so they can make
  | millions convincing people a store of value is actually a
  | currency, and then getting mad about it, is not hypocritical.
  | 
  | > While not everybody agrees, this may be more important than
  | countless other ways we use energy,
  | 
  | It's not. It's a massive waste. Stop killing the planet.
 
    | saalweachter wrote:
    | Hell, just consider that it's a store of value that costs
    | $12B+ / year to secure.
 
  | nelsonenzo wrote:
  | > reeks of hypocrisy says the bitcoin holder that profits from
  | it's adoption.
 
    | nickpp wrote:
    | I own zero cryptocurrency, they are not aligned with my
    | investment strategy. But I do think they are an experiment
    | worth pursuing.
 
  | louwrentius wrote:
  | That energy consumption provides a ton of benefits for a very
  | large group of people.
  | 
  | The energy consumption of Bitcoin makes a few thousand people
  | rich and that's about it.
  | 
  | Yes other things consume a lot of energy, maybe even more, but
  | that doesn't justify the energy consumption of Bitcoin.
 
  | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
  | I mostly agree. As long as the price of energy is adequately
  | priced, we should be able to make our own decisions on what
  | amenities we need. You need a F150? Great, but be prepared to
  | pay for its use. Naturally, the question immediately becomes,
  | who decides what is adequate, which is not fun.
  | 
  | Incidentally, I am learning about bitcoin now since it is
  | clearly becoming mainstream and it is related to my job. I am
  | trying to build a miner ( I don't want one click zerohash
  | solutions for variety of reasons ) on Ubuntu derivative ( POPos
  | ) and now I am stuck troubleshooting pool connections. Anyone
  | could recommend a reliable resource? I am starting to get
  | really aggravated by having to google every single error
  | encountered.
 
    | Nursie wrote:
    | > As long as the price of energy is adequately priced.
    | 
    | It's not, and doing so is a hard problem, requiring a global
    | solution, against the wishes of many interests and
    | industries. It doesn't seem likely any time soon.
 
  | game_the0ry wrote:
  | Agreed. Governments and financial institutions are having to
  | resort to "virtue" and "value" arguments against bitcoin,
  | instead of technical arguments:
  | 
  | - Bitcoin consumes so much energy! Think of the planet!
  | 
  | - Iran, China, and Russia mine bitcoin! They are our enemies!
  | 
  | Indeed it does reek of hypocrisy. Oh, now you care about the
  | environment and international competition? Please...
 
  | RIMR wrote:
  | But here's the thing: This article didn't say anything bad
  | about Bitcoin's energy usage. It's simply quantifying it.
  | 
  | If quantifying the energy usage of Bitcoin makes you angry, you
  | should probably self-reflect a bit.
  | 
  | This is a very unbiased source, and nothing they have published
  | is untrue.
 
  | gnramires wrote:
  | The problem is that Bitcoin doesn't _need_ to use this much
  | energy. We 've now discovered distributed consensus algorithms
  | that don't rely on Proof of Work, so it's really quite terrible
  | we still waste so much by using an outdated consensus
  | algorithm.
 
    | bcheung wrote:
    | A lot of the interest in BTC is driven by media and the fact
    | that it is the oldest and original blockchain solution. The
    | newer solutions like Ethereum, and even newer like Cardano
    | and Polkadot are game changing because they use proof of
    | stake instead.
    | 
    | Bitcoin can be used as a store of value (among other garbage
    | text that people have thrown into the blocks as a joke) but
    | the newer blockchain solutions also allow from "smart
    | contracts" which BTC does not.
    | 
    | Personally I don't see why Elon Musk invested so much in BTC
    | instead of things like ETH which are much better solutions
    | and stores of value.
 
    | ric2b wrote:
    | I'm not aware of any other consensus algorithm that is proven
    | to be as secure as PoW.
 
      | gnramires wrote:
      | Proof of Stake has proven quite robust. None of the larger
      | PoS coins have been compromised (despite much theoretical
      | discussion), and newer ones such as Cardano seem to address
      | early objections. Peercoin has been around for a while
      | without any issues.
      | 
      | The fact is, I see all of those massive distributed
      | consensus algorithms as much more robust than they appeared
      | initially. 51%/double spend attacks in practice are
      | extremely hard to occur because of the exposure/publicity
      | of the ledger and how hard it would be to capitalize on
      | crashing the currency (PoS/PoW does not change it).
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | > Proof of Stake has proven quite robust.
        | 
        | They're not mathematically provable and the jury is still
        | out. Attackers who know some exploit might be waiting for
        | the much larger Ethereum to switch to PoS so they can
        | reap maximum profit.
 
        | cstein2 wrote:
        | Here's the paper of Cardano's provably secure PoS
        | algorithm https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/889.pdf
 
      | bcheung wrote:
      | They are known as "proof of stake".
      | 
      | The way it works is that "validator" nodes confirm the
      | blocks. The validators are randomly chosen based on the
      | percentage they have staked.
      | 
      | You stake by owning the coin and locking it up using a
      | staking mechanism tied into the protocol. This locks up
      | your coins for a set period of time.
      | 
      | If a validator does not validate correctly or fakes the
      | transactions then they run the risk of being "slashed".
      | Slashing means they forfeit what they have invested.
      | 
      | Usually you need to stake $10K+ USD but there are also
      | pools where people can combine their money.
      | 
      | Both pools and proof of work mining farms suffer from large
      | groups consolidating the validation power.
      | 
      | One of the newer blockchains (Caradano) introduces the
      | concept of a penalty for large pools in favor of having
      | lots of smaller validators to make the network more
      | resilient to a single group having too much validation
      | power. This encourages decentralization.
 
  | maclured wrote:
  | > How much energy does watching porn consume?
  | 
  | Just about all of mine
 
  | ausbah wrote:
  | and this post reeks of missing the point. people should be
  | judged for how they consume energy because excess consumption
  | is simply wasteful, and in the middle of the ongoing global
  | catastrophe called climate change - isn't something we can
  | exactly afford
  | 
  | obviously this raises the question of what is and isn't
  | excessive, but I think there are apparent cases where the
  | benefits of excessive energy consumption people clearly don't
  | out weight the cost - see flying, cruises, rampant shopping,
  | etc.
  | 
  | I think Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies fall into that
  | category, especially when there are other coins that require
  | nearly as many resources to function
 
    | [deleted]
 
  | minitoar wrote:
  | The almighty dollar rights all wrongs. If I'm paying for it,
  | what do you care? This is a slightly dressed up Tragedy in The
  | Commons.
 
    | alecbz wrote:
    | Yeah I don't really understand -- normally people buying
    | things (energy) at a price the supplier is willing to sell is
    | good. If energy is priced appropriately, this shouldn't be a
    | problem.
    | 
    | Are people concerned with the negative externalities of
    | energy usage? If so, it seems like the real issue is that all
    | energy use is "bad", anything that causes people to severely
    | increase their energy usage is especially bad, and bitcoin is
    | one such thing.
    | 
    | But even though it's bitcoin in practice, the real issue
    | seems like not being able to correctly price energy.
 
      | js8 wrote:
      | > If energy is priced appropriately, this shouldn't be a
      | problem.
      | 
      | It's not a problem only in the ethical framework of the
      | free market, where the morality of any kind of consumption
      | is judged only by its cost to society.
      | 
      | So for example, in the free market ethics, it's perfectly
      | acceptable, when the water is generally scarce, for
      | somebody to have a swimming pool in their garden
      | (definitely not a necessity in that situation), as long as
      | he can pay for it.
      | 
      | But many, if not all, societies do not fully accept this
      | ethical framework. Often, we collectively agree to limit
      | frivolous usages of extremely scarce resources.
 
      | Nursie wrote:
      | > Are people concerned with the negative externalities of
      | energy usage?
      | 
      | YES.
      | 
      | > anything that causes people to severely increase their
      | energy usage is especially bad
      | 
      | YES.
      | 
      | This is not hard. The earth's climate is being affected by
      | the emissions from our energy demands. Most nations are
      | trying to control emissions and one major way of doing that
      | is energy efficiency. Bitcoin comes along and is anti-
      | efficient, incentivises using as much power as is still
      | (just about) profitable in mining, and creates nothing but
      | a speculative financial instrument on the back of it. It
      | looks like the worst kind of insult to anyone that gives a
      | crap about climate change.
 
        | alecbz wrote:
        | Maybe this is too idealistic, but like I said, the root
        | issue feels like energy not being priced correctly (i.e.,
        | in a way that captures the true costs of energy
        | consumption to the climate/planet).
        | 
        | Rough analogy to "safer systems over safer processes": if
        | an intern presses a big red button that brings down
        | google, the problem isn't that they pressed that button,
        | it's that there's a button any intern can just press to
        | bring down google.
        | 
        | The fact that the market allows trades that are net
        | negative is a bug. Bitcoin just happens to be the intern
        | that pressed the button.
        | 
        | BUT, if we're in a state where we can't get rid of the
        | big red button, it seems reasonable to get people to stop
        | pressing it in the interim.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | Pricing in the 'true' externalities is a hard problem in
        | itself to define. It's a problem that would require some
        | sort of global standard (maybe in 20 years then), and one
        | that would be pushed back upon by a large number of
        | industries and interests.
        | 
        | There are baby steps in some places, and there is massive
        | progress in some countries towards renewables and carbon-
        | zero energy. But in the current state, huge increases in
        | energy consumption are a bad thing.
        | 
        | So I think we're in a state where we could potentially
        | get rid of the big red button but a lot of people don't
        | really want to and the realistic chances of doing so are
        | basically zero. And in that situation, yes, we call out
        | the button pressers.
 
    | jeromegv wrote:
    | What if the externality is not into the price? When the
    | externality of it (pollution, global warming, etc) is not
    | within the price, then yes, we do care, because you aren't
    | paying the true cost and you transfer that cost to me.
    | 
    | If you have a carbon tax? Then sure. But if you dump all your
    | emission on the rest of us and wash your hand because "you
    | paid for it", then yes, we will question the value of a waste
    | of energy because that's really the only thing we can do.
 
      | minitoar wrote:
      | Yes, you are agreeing with me. A tragedy in the commons is
      | a negative thing. That's why I used that language.
 
    | IndySun wrote:
    | Some people do say that whatever anything costs is what it is
    | worth.
 
    | UncleMeat wrote:
    | Climate change. Carbon taxes don't exist right now. So you
    | _aren 't_ paying for it.
    | 
    | People who use disproportionately large amounts of
    | electricity should absolutely be judged (yes, this includes
    | things other than btc).
 
      | minitoar wrote:
      | Yes, I agree. This is why I described it as a tragedy in
      | the commons.
 
  | ForHackernews wrote:
  | Mining a single bitcoin block takes way way more energy than
  | every one of the things you listed. Somebody on a different
  | thread estimated you could drive a Tesla down the whole
  | California coastline for the energy used processing a single
  | BTC transaction.
  | 
  | So yes, I absolutely do judge people who leave an SUV idling in
  | their driveway 24/7 because "you never know when I'll need to
  | jump in and run away from government agents"
 
    | noch wrote:
    | > Somebody on a different thread estimated you could drive a
    | Tesla down the whole California coastline for the energy used
    | processing a single BTC transaction.
    | 
    |  _Bitcoin energy consumption is not a function of the number
    | of transactions_. A node broadcasts a transaction which
    | miners then include in a block which, within limits, can have
    | an arbitrary number of transactions. It is the Proof of
    | Work(PoW) contest to find a valid hash for the block at a
    | certain level of difficulty that creates a valid block.
    | 
    | Further, with Layer 2 solutions, a single transaction in a
    | Bitcoin block can be "dense" with the value of an arbitrary
    | number of transactions that occurred in Layer 2. That is
    | Bitcoin providing the settlement layer.
    | 
    | Importantly, because Bitcoin is a timechain where the current
    | blockheight represents the entire history of Bitcoin.
    | 
    | "The average cost per transaction isn't an adequate metric
    | for measuring the efficiency of Bitcoin's PoW, it should be
    | defined in terms of the security of an economic history. The
    | energy spend secures the stock of bitcoin, and that
    | percentage is going down over time as inflation decreases. A
    | Bitcoin "accumulates" the energy associated with all the
    | blocks mined since its creation. LaurentMT, a researcher, has
    | found empirically that Bitcoin's PoW is indeed becoming more
    | efficient over time: increasing cost is counterbalanced by
    | the even greater increasing total value secured by the
    | system."[0]
    | 
    | [0] : https://danhedl.medium.com/pow-is-efficient-
    | aa3d442754d3
 
      | sharpneli wrote:
      | > within limits
      | 
      | And those limits come up to the theoretical maximum of was
      | it 7 or so and in practice around 4
      | 
      | https://www.blockchain.com/charts/transactions-per-second
      | 
      | Also PoW is hilariously inefficient. Because the amount of
      | energy one needs to spend is basically related to the
      | amount of value one could grab by cheating, so if all
      | economy would be based on Bitcoin we'd be talking about
      | basically cooking the planet due to PoW.
      | 
      | When Satoshi originally devised PoW it was more about
      | owning the hardware and using that as basis for voting.
      | Energy costs were miniscule. He simply didn't foresee the,
      | now obvious, result that it will became a function of
      | burned energy rather than amount of hardware out there.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > And those limits come up to the theoretical maximum of
        | was it 7 or so and in practice around 4
        | 
        | > https://www.blockchain.com/charts/transactions-per-
        | second
        | 
        | The link you provided indicates transactions added to the
        | mempool per second! The mempool is a cache of broadcast
        | transactions from which miners pick transactions to be
        | added to the next block.
        | 
        | At the current block height, 2700 transactions were in
        | the block. https://mempool.space/block/000000000000000000
        | 07a3688746c1d0...
        | 
        | > Also PoW is hilariously inefficient. Because the amount
        | of energy one needs to spend is basically related to the
        | amount of value one could grab by cheating
        | 
        | Your statement is entirely unclear. Could you restate it?
        | For Steelman purposes, I'll ignore the non-sequitur about
        | cheating.
        | 
        | You claim that algorithm x is inefficient in absolute
        | terms? Assuming you're an engineer, you know that
        | engineering operates by comparisons and tradeoffs. PoW is
        | how Bitcoin provides final settlement of transactions and
        | unforgeable costliness compared to existing systems of
        | money (e.g. fiat) and money transfer(e.g. visa, paypal,
        | swift) which are all centralised and built for
        | censorship, while bitcoin is decentralised and censorship
        | resistant. And it provides final settlement of
        | transactions every hour for thousands of transactions.
        | "Finality" and "Unforgeability" are the terms you should
        | attend to. These are both tied to hashrate which is tied
        | to the profitability of mining the heaviest chain.
        | 
        | "Bitcoin has unforgeable costliness, because it costs a
        | lot of electricity to produce new bitcoins. Producing
        | bitcoins cannot be easily faked [..]" [0]
        | 
        | "So what are settlement assurances exactly? They refer to
        | a system's ability to grant recipients confidence that an
        | inbound transaction will not be reversed. Wire transfers
        | using a messaging system like SWIFT are popular in part
        | because they are practically impossible to reverse. They
        | are considered safe for recipients because originating
        | banks will only release the funds if they are fully
        | present in the sender's account. [...] recipients of a
        | Bitcoin transaction can have extremely high confidence
        | that, once buried under a few blocks, a transaction is
        | unlikely to be reversed."[1]
        | 
        | > When Satoshi originally devised PoW [...] Energy costs
        | were miniscule.
        | 
        | I'm not sure what you mean. In general, energy costs seem
        | to be dropping over time
        | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/levelized-cost-of-
        | energy
        | 
        | > [Satoshi] simply didn't foresee the, now obvious,
        | result that it will became a function of burned energy
        | rather than amount of hardware out there.
        | 
        | I'm wary of trying to interpret Satoshi, but here are his
        | own words:
        | 
        | "I think the case will be the same for Bitcoin. The
        | utility of the exchanges made possible by Bitcoin will
        | far exceed the cost of electricity used. Therefore, not
        | having Bitcoin would be the net waste. [...] Each node's
        | influence on the network is proportional to its CPU
        | power. The only way to show the network how much CPU
        | power you have is to actually use it." [2]
        | 
        | [0]: https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/modeling-
        | bitcoins-value-w...
        | 
        | [1]: https://medium.com/@nic__carter/its-the-settlement-
        | assurance...
        | 
        | [2]: https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/bitcoint
        | alk/327/
 
        | sharpneli wrote:
        | 2700 transactions for 10 minutes comes at 4.5 per second.
        | So yeah, matches.
        | 
        | > Your statement is entirely unclear. Could you restate
        | it? For Steelman purposes, I'll ignore the non-sequitur
        | about cheating.
        | 
        | By cheating I meant making a sidechain that would become
        | longer than the mainchain, thus enabling a double
        | spending attack. If the amount of money to be made in
        | double spending attack is higher than honest mining
        | someone will make it, the only thing protecting against
        | that is that the cost of mining must be large enough
        | compared to value being transferred.
        | 
        | >I'm not sure what you mean. In general, energy costs
        | seem to be dropping over time
        | 
        | Back when it was CPU mined. Before even the first GPU
        | mining. It was just about proving that you have an actual
        | HW dedicated into the task.
        | 
        | Exactly as mentioned in the quote that you said. He
        | didn't have a clue that it would become dedicated HW that
        | has only a single function, burning energy to calculate
        | SHA256 and nothing more.
        | 
        | Also do note that the whole concept of non mining node
        | was foreign. Instead of the original design of nodes that
        | mine we're in situation where nodes don't mine and most
        | mining happens in centralized farms.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > By cheating I meant making a sidechain that would
        | become longer than the mainchain, thus enabling a double
        | spending attack.
        | 
        | A double spend attack can only spend the attackers coins.
        | 
        | > If the amount of money to be made in double spending
        | attack is higher than honest mining someone will make it,
        | the only thing protecting against that is that the cost
        | of mining must be large enough compared to value being
        | transferred.
        | 
        | That's precisely the game theory and why the network
        | remains secure. It's addressed in the whitepaper and
        | fundamental. Economic incentives are the security model.
        | [0]
        | 
        | I'm not sure what the rest of your points have to do with
        | settlement finality and assurances so I can't address
        | them.
        | 
        | There's been a decade of analysis of Bitcoin engineering.
        | I'm yet to hear anyone venture an original criticism that
        | hasn't been rigorously and extensively rebutted already
        | since genesis.
        | 
        | [0]: https://blog.lopp.net/are-chinese-miners-threat-
        | bitcoin/
 
      | Grustaf wrote:
      | The only reasonable metric is energy usage per NECESSARY
      | effect. If bitcoin spends inordinate amounts of energy on
      | storing historic transactions, that is not our problem.
      | That is not a value most people care about.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > That is not a value most people care about.
        | 
        | People in a free market pay for what they care about. To
        | date, those who use Bitcoin have been happy to pay for
        | the energy the network consumes. In the end, that is all
        | that matters.
 
        | bccdee wrote:
        | Markets don't account for externalities. That's the
        | reason this is an issue -- people as individuals are
        | willing to pay for the energy they spend mining
        | cryptocurrency, but as a society it's a huge waste of
        | energy and a massive source of carbon that is entirely
        | unnecessary. Like, I don't just want to say "the tragedy
        | of the commons" over and over again, but you can't just
        | wave your hands and go "the free market will ensure that
        | we don't emit too much carbon"
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > individuals are willing to pay for the energy they
        | spend mining cryptocurrency, but as a society it's a huge
        | waste of energy and a massive source of carbon that is
        | entirely unnecessary.
        | 
        | Society is made up of individuals. Assuming you don't
        | believe a small cabal of individuals should, in the name
        | of society and ideology, force other individuals to
        | follow their dictates, the questions then are:
        | 
        | - will eliminating Bitcoin really reduce carbon emissions
        | to a meaningful extent compared to other sources of
        | carbon emissions?
        | 
        | - How much are individuals willing to pay to reduce
        | carbon emissions? i.e. skin in the game. One way to pay
        | to reduce Bitcoin's carbon emissions would be to
        | sufficiently/relentlessly short Bitcoin to tank the price
        | or develop/invest in an alternative green currency and
        | let the market decide which is best.
        | 
        | - How much, in carbon emission, are individuals willing
        | to pay for the benefit of a given technology like
        | Bitcoin?
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | You really don't get the concept of "tragedy of the
        | commons" do you? The problem is that the people that use
        | bitcoins are not the only ones that pay for them.
        | 
        | We all pay because of the negative externalities involved
        | with producing electricity. They are not part of the
        | price of electricity currently.
        | 
        | If all countries had robust carbon taxes or similar
        | schemes, then you could possibly argue that the price of
        | bitcoin reflects their true cost. Possibly. But
        | definitely not now.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > If all countries had robust carbon taxes or similar
        | schemes, then you could possibly argue that the price of
        | bitcoin reflects their true cost. Possibly. But
        | definitely not now.
        | 
        | This contradicts your earlier point that markets can't
        | resolve negative externalities. Presumably a tax will
        | cause a marked market response.
        | 
        | Further, Bitcoin's price is a reflection of demand, not
        | cost. In the long run, however, the price of any currency
        | will likely converge to its cost of production, which is
        | also why fiat is fundamentally a poor store of value.
        | 
        | > You really don't get the concept of "tragedy of the
        | commons" do you?
        | 
        | The tragedy of the commons is mostly in the word
        | "commons", as opposed to "private property".
        | 
        | I merely have a different opinion on how negative
        | externalities should be resolved. [0]
        | 
        | > We all pay because of the negative externalities
        | involved with producing electricity [...]
        | 
        | Such a statement is too nebulous to be useful. Consider
        | that what "we" pay is entirely subjective based on what
        | individuals value. I know people who care deeply about
        | every part per millon of carbon emission while others
        | don't. How then do you propose to determine what "we"
        | pay? Who is this "we"?
        | 
        | Are you going to somehow convince nonplussed people that
        | they are paying for some particular externality that they
        | don't care about? Suffering and loss are subjective.
        | 
        | You want carbon taxes, enforced by some authority who can
        | presumably accurately determine the correct price for
        | such things. All I can say is good luck.
        | 
        | And how many other externalities would you like taxed? At
        | what granularity? Perhaps households or individuals
        | should pay carbon taxes too? What about all that energy
        | wasted on Christmas lights?[1] What's your preferred
        | maximum level of elictricity production that will
        | guarantee carbon neutrality? Is carbon neutrality the
        | most important thing and everything else a distant
        | second?
        | 
        | However, for those who care deeply about the matter, they
        | can make their preferences and values felt right now and
        | every day in the market, which is especially easy to do
        | in cryptocurrency markets.
        | 
        | Organise a coalition to short Bitcoin to protect the
        | environment. Surely there are many of you just on HN
        | alone given that this article was on the front page.
        | Shorting is a form of taxing. Drive the price to 0. Save
        | the environment. If one is not willing to have skin in
        | the game to stop Bitcoin's energy consumption, they are
        | just larping as saviours of the environment.
        | 
        | [0]: https://mises.org/library/austrian-theory-
        | environmental-econ...
        | 
        | [1] https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/features/christmas-
        | lights-e...
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | > This contradicts your earlier point that markets can't
        | resolve negative externalities. Presumably a tax will
        | cause a marked market response.
        | 
        | Not at all. Things like carbon taxes internalise the
        | externalities. It makes all electricity consumers pay the
        | true cost of electricity, at least as far as can be
        | determined.
        | 
        | I know that libertarians are as dogmatic as any marxist,
        | but it seems to me that you should be more interested
        | than anyone else in internalising the true cost of things
        | into their price?
        | 
        | If you want to rely on the market as much as possible,
        | then all the more reason to make sure that the cost of
        | making things includes all the costs. Only then can
        | consumers make a considered purchase.
        | 
        | As the text in your link so eloquently puts it:
        | 
        | "Social inefficiency arises when the social costs
        | associated with external effects, such as air or water
        | pollution, are not incorporated into the cost of
        | producing the pollution generating product or its market
        | price."
        | 
        | Almost every single one of your statements here reflect a
        | misunderstanding of my argument, basic economics and/or
        | your own Austrian philosophy.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > Almost every single one of your statements here reflect
        | a misunderstanding of my argument, basic economics and/or
        | your own Austrian philosophy.
        | 
        | You think I don't understand my own thoughts (which
        | aren't Austrian but merely mine). Meanwhile I think you
        | don't understand what I'm expressing. Thus, we agree to
        | disagree. Thanks for the conversation. Bonne chance.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | The link you posted to refute my points very clearly and
        | eloquently repeated my point.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | I'm not saying people are not willing to pay for it, I'm
        | saying it's inefficient and specifically that the metric
        | mentioned is not relevant.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > I'm saying it's inefficient
        | 
        | Compared to what else that provides a decentralised,
        | censorship resistant monetary network without trusted
        | third parties required to secure it?
        | 
        | > the metric mentioned is not relevant
        | 
        | It's relevant in explaining the energy usage relative to
        | economic value and architecture of an engineered monetary
        | system.
        | 
        | If you have a metric that can explain Bitcoin's design
        | and value proposition with respect to energy consumption
        | better than Dan Held's explanation, you should propose it
        | and logically demonstrate your idea's superior
        | explanatory and predictive power.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | > Compared to what else that provides a decentralised,
        | censorship resistant monetary network without trusted
        | third parties required to secure it?
        | 
        | I don't particularly feel that any of those
        | characteristics are very important, and I think most
        | people would agree.
        | 
        | > It's relevant in explaining the energy usage relative
        | to economic value and architecture of an engineered
        | monetary system
        | 
        | Again, that is not how you construct a metric for how
        | cost efficient something is. You start with the "job to
        | be done" of the object. And storing all historical
        | transactions forever is seldom desirable.
        | 
        | If you want to measure the efficiency of electric cars vs
        | combustion engine ones you look at things like miles/Wh
        | or CO2 emissions/mile.
        | 
        | You DON'T look at explosions per second or something like
        | that. It might explain how combustion engines work but it
        | is not the goal of a car.
 
        | ForHackernews wrote:
        | Furthermore nothing about bitcoin is "necessary", even in
        | some loose consumer-demand sense of the term.
        | 
        | - There are other, better cryptocurrencies that don't
        | bake the planet.
        | 
        | - There are other, better financial infrastructures that
        | process more transactions and provide a better stable
        | store of value.
        | 
        | - There are other, better distributed computing networks
        | that do more than calculate sha256 over and over again.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | That argument is similar to saying a nuclear power plant
        | is ridiculously expensive because it started operating
        | last week and is currently only connected to a single
        | factory.
        | 
        | The energy usage of Bitcoin doesn't meaningfully go up
        | with more transactions, so pretending that each
        | transaction uses some specific amount of energy is just
        | misleading.
 
        | ForHackernews wrote:
        | > The energy usage of Bitcoin doesn't meaningfully go up
        | with more transactions,
        | 
        | No it just always always goes up regardless of
        | transaction volume as the block-difficulty increases
        | infinitely. You've built a system that _by design_ can
        | literally only become less efficient.
        | 
        | It's actually even worse and stupider than if it were a
        | per-transaction energy usage.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > No it just always always goes up regardless of
        | transaction volume as the block-difficulty increases
        | infinitely.
        | 
        | [sigh] The difficulty adjustment is so a block is issued
        | on average every 10 minutes. It therefore does not
        | increase infinitely but both increases and decreases
        | depending on the amount of hashpower in the network.
        | 
        | https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Difficulty
 
        | ForHackernews wrote:
        | Has it ever decreased?
        | 
        | > What is the maximum difficulty?
        | 
        | > There is no minimum target. The maximum difficulty is
        | roughly: maximum_target / 1 (since 0 would result in
        | infinity), which is a ridiculously huge number (about
        | 2^224).
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > Has it ever decreased?
        | 
        | Obviously.
        | 
        | https://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-mining-difficulty-large-
        | dro...
 
  | ashtonkem wrote:
  | That's a neat slight of hand trick you've pulled off there,
  | connecting Bitcoin to entertainment in order to shame those of
  | us concerned about Bitcoin energy usage.
  | 
  | Everything else you've listed provides subjective value to the
  | user, which makes them hard to attack. Who can say what the
  | value of skiing is to a society in terms of kWh? There is no
  | way to objectively compare the value of energy spent on a ski
  | lift vs. driving to see friends; that's all subjective value.
  | 
  | But the issue is that Bitcoin isn't supposed to provide
  | subjective value, it's supposed to provide _objective_ value;
  | it's literally supposed to be money. Once you remember that
  | it's supposed to literally be money, then comparisons to ski
  | lifts become extremely disingenuous. It also becomes fair to
  | compare Bitcoin against other competitors that provide the
  | exact same service to society, comparisons that make Bitcoin
  | look very wasteful indeed.
 
    | undefined1 wrote:
    | it does provide objective value. bitcoin is a store of value.
    | digital gold.
    | 
    | even if it never proves to be a viable currency, a secure
    | digital store of value is objectively useful. especially if
    | you're in a country experiencing institutional failure, risk
    | of hyperinflation and so on.
 
      | ashtonkem wrote:
      | > it does provide objective value. bitcoin is a store of
      | value. digital gold.
      | 
      | The only reason I don't laugh at these arguments is because
      | I'm utterly exhausted by hearing them. The value prop for
      | bitcoin is, fundamentally, circular. It's valuable because
      | it's money (like gold!), but when you point out how it's an
      | objectively crap currency, it's suddenly a store of value.
      | When you ask why it has value, it's because it's the
      | currency of the future. Round and round it goes.
      | 
      | > even if it never proves to be a viable currency, a secure
      | digital store of value is objectively useful.
      | 
      | I mean, you're just asserting that it stores value. But,
      | _why_ does it have value?
 
        | [deleted]
 
    | ric2b wrote:
    | > But the issue is that Bitcoin isn't supposed to provide
    | subjective value, it's supposed to provide objective value;
    | it's literally supposed to be money.
    | 
    | Money's value is also subjective, I'm not sure what you think
    | is objective about it.
    | 
    | Sounds like you're just trying to dodge the comparison.
 
      | ashtonkem wrote:
      | Definitionally, money's value is not supposed to be
      | subjective.
 
        | dragonwriter wrote:
        | > Definitionally, money's value is not supposed to be
        | subjective.
        | 
        | Not only is that not true, but if to was it would just
        | render "money" a non-concept, because definitionally
        | value (in general, not just of money) _is_ subjective.
 
        | ashtonkem wrote:
        | Ah, the "everything is subjective" rabbit hole. No
        | thanks, that's never a useful conversation.
        | 
        | The purpose of any monetary system is to facilitate the
        | exchange of goods and services. That's why humans make
        | money; to avoid the need to barter or depend on social
        | credit systems that don't scale well. This provides us
        | some objective goals with which we can compare and
        | contrast monetary systems against; while what one does
        | with money is subjective, we can objectively compare the
        | efficiency and ease with which a monetary system can
        | facilitate transactions. In this area Bitcoin does
        | _terribly_. This is probably why Bitcoin advocates have
        | mostly moved onto "it's a store of value", that's more a
        | more defensible proposition.
 
        | dragonwriter wrote:
        | > Ah, the "everything is subjective" rabbit hole
        | 
        | "Everything is subjective" is a (reasonable)
        | epistemological argument about all access to data about
        | the world being through subjective lenses, and thus all
        | conclusions about the world being grounded in
        | subjectivity. But that's _not_ the sense in which value
        | _specifically_ is subjective.
        | 
        | Value specifically is subjective because value is
        | dependent on the subjective utility functions of people
        | who have (or who might seek to acquire) the good and it's
        | competing/alternative goods.
        | 
        | > This provides us some objective goals
        | 
        | That's about the value of a _monetary system_ not the
        | value of _money_ , but both the specific goals, and more
        | particularly how they are weighted against each other,
        | remain subjective and the source of considerable
        | disagreement.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | > we can objectively compare the efficiency and ease with
        | which a monetary system can facilitate transactions.
        | 
        | Ok. How much does ease of use matter for the value of a
        | currency? 50%? 20%? 80%? What about all it's other
        | characteristics?
        | 
        | You can certainly be objective when comparing each
        | characteristic in isolation but the value of the currency
        | depends on how all of them are weighted against each
        | other, and that is completely subjective.
        | 
        | Just like the value of anything else. Even the same
        | person might change the weights they use to value
        | something depending on what's going on in their life.
 
        | ashtonkem wrote:
        | Ah, I see where this went wrong. I really should have
        | been using the word "utility", not "value". This would've
        | gone much smoother if I'd used that word throughout
        | instead of "value".
        | 
        | The original poster's argument was that we all "waste"
        | power watching pornography and going on skiing trips, so
        | how dare we judge Bitcoin. My counter argument is that
        | they're mixing up energy usage between subjective and
        | objective utility in an attempt to shift Bitcoin into a
        | harder to compare category.
        | 
        | Subjectively, how can we judge the relative utility of a
        | kWh spent on entertainment? The utility of each of the
        | activities listed (minus Bitcoin) are all literally in
        | the eye of the beholder; we can't possibly hope to
        | compare the utility of a kWh spent on pornography vs.
        | skiing. Obviously we can compare energy usage per minute
        | of each, but comparing the utility of a kWh spent running
        | a ski lift vs. PornHub's servers really just breaks down
        | to which form of entertainment you value more.
        | 
        | My issue is that Bitcoin is supposed to do something
        | objective; it's supposed to be money. This means that we
        | absolutely can (and should!) sit down and compare it
        | against its alternatives on numeric values, such as kWh
        | consumption. The moment one starts actually comparing
        | Bitcoin against its direct competitors in measurable
        | categories it starts looking really bad, which is
        | probably why its proponents try to prevent that.
        | 
        | > You can certainly be objective when comparing each
        | characteristic in isolation but the value of the currency
        | depends on how all of them are weighted against each
        | other, and that is completely subjective.
        | 
        | Back to value now.
        | 
        | Ideally currencies aren't supposed to have value per se,
        | rather other things are supposed to have value in terms
        | of it. Obviously this runs into the reality of multiple
        | currencies and exchange rates, but at the local level it
        | actually works this way. You and I might disagree about
        | the relative value of a product, but we express our own
        | disagreement in terms of dollars. We don't disagree about
        | the relative value of the dollar itself. This is why
        | inflation is usually measured in the shift of common
        | goods and services in terms of dollars, since measuring
        | the value of the dollar itself is a fool's errand.
        | 
        | As far as the value of Bitcoin _in terms of USD_ , that's
        | a subject that has been pretty thoroughly dug into. I
        | doubt that I'll add anything new and interesting here.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | What do you mean by "objective value"? My belief is that
        | such a thing doesn't exist.
 
  | boh wrote:
  | I mean it's just a standard economic argument concerning the
  | use of scarce resources. All your examples have a higher impact
  | on the real economy vs. Bitcoin. As in, these industries employ
  | large numbers of people and sustain economic growth to some
  | degree, in contrast Bitcoin services a comparatively limited
  | population engaged in limited productive activity relative to
  | its energy use.
  | 
  | People are free to be judgmental about anything they like.
 
  | kingkawn wrote:
  | Why is not wanting to waste electricity on Ponzi schemes so
  | triggering?
 
    | bccdee wrote:
    | They're emotionally invested in cryptocurrency being the
    | future. When people challenge them by suggesting that it's
    | basically bad all the way down, they lash out.
 
      | Weebs wrote:
      | "It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when
      | his salary depends upon his not understanding it"
 
    | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
    | It is a really low form of argument to simply use the word
    | "triggering". Implying that the original poster doesn't have
    | any real reasoning behind what they are writing, no original
    | thoughts or responsible viewpoints that they have worked on -
    | instead that they are "triggered", - thus are reacting in a
    | simply emotional way. Implying that somehow all of their
    | argument can be simply discarded.
    | 
    | Really? You mean that just because you have used the word
    | "triggering" (there are no other meaningful arguments in your
    | comment), that would somehow invalidate an argument? What
    | grade is that logic from?
 
      | kingkawn wrote:
      | Lol at calling anything "low" as a form of argument and
      | expecting to be heard
 
  | bryanrasmussen wrote:
  | >How much energy does watching porn consume?
  | 
  | I guess if you got stats on how much porn they watch in
  | Argentina you would be well on your way to answering this
  | question. Same for the rest.
  | 
  | I think the more interesting thing is: as bitcoin becomes more
  | difficult to mine energy needs go up, but countries are working
  | hard to bring their energy usage down. Can bitcoin be overtaken
  | on the downward journey by a country, or will it always be
  | bitcoin overtaking countries on its upward swing. Is there some
  | country decreasing its usage as bitcoin increases its, and the
  | two pass each other like ships in the night.
  | 
  | What is the next country most likely to be surpassed by
  | bitcoin?
 
    | ric2b wrote:
    | > as bitcoin becomes more difficult to mine energy needs go
    | up
    | 
    | Difficulty adjusts up and down as needed to maintain an
    | average of 1 block every 10 minutes, it doesn't just tend to
    | infinity.
    | 
    | It's mostly correlated to the block reward, miners won't
    | spend more money on energy than they get back from mining
    | blocks.
 
      | newswasboring wrote:
      | I may be confused here. But the regulation mechanism to get
      | to 1block/min is to ask miners to do more computations,
      | right? Making the problem harder in this context does have
      | the effect of more power consumed. A block is an answer to
      | the riddle who's parameters are being regulated. So the
      | block rate is not important, number of computations is. And
      | that is directly linked with power consumption.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | It's 1 block every 10 minutes.
        | 
        | The difficulty adjustment goes both ways, if blocks start
        | taking longer than 10 minutes to be mined (for example if
        | some large miner stops mining for some reason) the
        | difficulty goes down, which likely means less energy is
        | used.
        | 
        | You're correct that the actual adjustment is on the
        | number of computations, so the correlation to energy use
        | isn't direct, different machines can be more or less
        | efficient at making those calculations.
 
        | newswasboring wrote:
        | So basically the more popular bitcoin is, more
        | inefficient it is. Great.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | Not necessarily, depends on the ratio between users and
        | value of the block reward.
 
    | spathi_fwiffo wrote:
    | Stats not even needed.
    | 
    | If the enegry used in Argentina <= energy used in bitcoin
    | transactions.
    | 
    | and, if people living in Argentina are doing any of the
    | things listed (watching porn, etc).
    | 
    | Then the energy used to watch all the porn in Argentina must
    | still be included as part of the Energy use of Argentina;
    | thus less than the use of bitcoin. (I guess this would have
    | to assume the porn is also hosted in Argentina; but I would
    | imagine at least 1 porn unit is hosted and viewed internally
    | to Argentina).
 
      | snickms wrote:
      | If those damned Argentinians would just mine bitcoin
      | exclusively, we could all get on with our lives.
      | 
      | We also need to talk to South Africa about Youtube.
 
      | bryanrasmussen wrote:
      | obviously, but you still don't know how much greater the
      | bitcoin amount is the porn amount.
      | 
      | Also how much bitcoin is mined in Argentina, obviously less
      | than 50% of the world's bitcoin - but how much less!?!
 
  | tomxor wrote:
  | A maximum of 178 things on the planet consume >= to the
  | electricity of Bitcoin.
  | 
  | 99.44%/0.56% = ~178 according to their estimate. So if you want
  | to compare, the premise is that there are no more than 178
  | things on Earth more valuable per watt, no more than 178 things
  | to compare to... That is absurd.
 
| AnonsLadder wrote:
| It's hilarious to see the naysayers about Bitcoin say that BTC is
| not usable. Now it's worth almost 50 grand and all they can come
| up with is expensive transaction fees which in hindsight, are
| really not that expensive, and the energy consumption of
| maintaining the Bitcoin network.
| 
| It sure is a lot better than using human lives, usually & most
| likely forced labor, to mine real Gold. Right? After all, energy
| is free when you're using solar power to mine your Bitcoins or
| any other coins. Does the energy really goes to waste when it
| provides heating? Etc?
| 
| It just seems like people are running out of excuses at this
| point. I wonder what they'll be saying when BTC hits $100,000.
 
  | lapetitejort wrote:
  | > It just seems like people are running out of excuses at this
  | point. I wonder what they'll be saying when BTC hits $100,000.
  | 
  | At what price will I be able to buy a cup of coffee
  | conveniently?
 
  | kgwgk wrote:
  | Twice a silly price is still just a silly price.
 
  | enraged_camel wrote:
  | >>It sure is a lot better than using human lives, usually &
  | most likely forced labor, to mine real Gold. Right?
  | 
  | Bitcoin is purported to be an alternative to fiat money, not
  | gold. And most governments can print fiat money at will, with
  | virtually no energy.
 
    | bhupy wrote:
    | > Bitcoin is purported to be an alternative to fiat money,
    | not gold. And most governments can print fiat money at will,
    | with virtually no energy.
    | 
    | That's not completely true. Bitcoin is purported to be an
    | alternative to fiat money _because_ it 's purported to be an
    | alternative to gold.
    | 
    | The argument for Bitcoin as a replacement for fiat money
    | actually rolls up 2 big arguments into 1:
    | 
    | 1. That fiat money should be replaced with money backed by
    | some commodity like gold (the Goldbug argument)
    | 
    | 2. That cryptocurrency is the ideal underlying commodity
    | because it's more easily transferrable than gold.
    | 
    | To clarify, I don't have a strong position on either of these
    | arguments.
 
    | hoseja wrote:
    | And what is the cost of the massive capacity for and monopoly
    | on violence that nation-states derive this capability to
    | print money out of thin air from?
 
    | stickfigure wrote:
    | > governments can print fiat money at will, with virtually no
    | energy
    | 
    | I get what you're saying, but that's not really true. You
    | have to account for the military spending required to
    | preserve the legitimacy of your fiat currency. Any nation-
    | state can afford the same printing presses you have.
 
    | sparkie wrote:
    | The State printing fiat money is essentially stealing time
    | from people who have laboured to create wealth. That wealth
    | is pilfered through devaluing the money supply, with those
    | close to central bank who receive the new money first
    | benefiting from it.
    | 
    | Bitcoin fixes this theft problem, and demand for it will
    | continue to increase for as long as this theft occurs.
    | 
    | The only way bitcoin can be stopped is if central banks start
    | contracting the supply of their money, which you and I know
    | will never happen.
 
| [deleted]
 
| Proven wrote:
| That's a non-issue.
 
| nedsma wrote:
| People/companies who invested significantly in BTC will go to
| extreme measures to defend their investments. Anything negative
| said about BTC will be faced with various whataboutisms, how it
| uses renewables, it's a value store and other marketing talk.
| It's also pathetic that Tesla and Musk are pledging $100M for a
| CO2 capture solution, whereas in reality Bitcoin is adding 35MT
| (mega tons) of CO2 per year.
 
| madacol wrote:
| I think the real value in Bitcoin is its immutability. I don't
| think there's any piece of information in the world as immutable
| as the first bitcoin block mined by satoshi.
| 
| This property is what powers amazing projects like OpenTimeStamps
| (https://opentimestamps.org/), this will become an essential tool
| for notaries all around the world, seriously!, and this has
| nothing to do with number of transactions, this scales to O(1)
| (you only need one transaction to prove as many things as there
| needs to be proved). Previous to bitcoin existence I don't think
| there was ever a distributed way of proving a piece of
| information existed previous to X, and even if there was, it was
| probably centralized or much much MUCH weaker than bitcoin.
| There's just no replacement, not even a million years as
| effective as bitcoin is for this, if I'm wrong please tell me! I
| want to know!
| 
| Most people here in favor of bitcoin argue about inflation, I
| understand the reasoning, and I'm from Venezuela, I pretty sure
| understand that value, but that's just missing the point,
| immutability >>> inflation protection.
| 
| And if we go to the smart-contracts terrain, that's a whole other
| world of very diverse and unexplored possibilities of values
 
| Jonnax wrote:
| From what I understand bitcoin currently has a $20+ transaction
| fee with a transaction time takes 60 minutes+
| 
| With these issues in addition to the high power consumption, how
| will Bitcoin become a usable currency?
 
  | slazaro wrote:
  | Some of us ask ourselves the same thing. NANO, for instance,
  | has no fees and is basically instantaneous (<1s). But unlike
  | Bitcoin, Elon Musk isn't hyping it, and you can't make money by
  | using computer farms, so most people don't know about it.
 
  | charcircuit wrote:
  | It's about $7 at the moment to be included in the next block. A
  | new block is added approximately every 10 minutes. Since
  | bitcoin does not guarantee finality some services require you
  | to wait for a certain amount of extra blocks after yours to
  | reduce the chance of a change reorginaztion happening that
  | doesn't include your transaction.
  | 
  | Bitcoin will not function as a currency due to it's high
  | volatility. For a more usable currency look at DAI, USDT, and
  | USDC which are stable coins pegged to the dollar. DAI is
  | collateralized with on chain assets where USDT and USDC are
  | collateralized with real life assets which are mainly regular
  | USD.
 
    | thargor90 wrote:
    | The public does not have proof that USDT is collateralized
    | with real life assets. I'm not sure about USDC.
 
      | luka-birsa wrote:
      | The public know that USDT is not fully collateralised with
      | real life assets. This has been publicly stated on Tether
      | page as well. So can we please stop parroting this USDT
      | bullshit, nobody cares how tether is backed and with all
      | the alternatives to USDT there is no reason to use it but
      | from a perspective of ease-of-use and wider offering of
      | trading pairs. You have DAI, USDC, TUSD, BUSD.... You can
      | check which one is audited (USDC and TUSD) and will credit
      | you fully if you need so. You can also work directly with
      | USD at various reputable crypto exchanges (eg Bitstamp,
      | Coinbase, Kraken).
      | 
      | This tether FUD always resurfaces as price goes up as
      | people are butthurt that they did not buy the last dip. No
      | worries, history will repeat itself. This year we'll see
      | BTC hit 100k+ and end the massive bull run in 250k teritory
      | by 2022. After that we'll see everybody dumping their cash
      | in BTC and the bubble will burst on the wings of massive
      | FUD & regulatory bullshit. Bitcoin willl drop to ~20k and
      | cycle will repeat.
      | 
      | For those that weren't watching, this repeats itself every
      | ~3 years for past 10 years. Keep watching the news... USDT
      | stories will become more regular, next will be China bans,
      | Russia bans... then we'll continue with EU regulation push,
      | US regulation push, new tax laws....
      | 
      | The only smart thing you can do is start investing a small
      | amount every week and forgetting about it. Cancel two
      | lattes (or lottery cards, donuts) per week and buy BTC and
      | ETH instead. Imagine starting doing this in 2016, when ETH
      | was launched. You bought ETH for 1 USD. Today it's hitting
      | ~1700 USD. You would retire easily.
      | 
      | Too bad you're so hard at work telling the world that
      | crypto is a scam.
 
        | dang wrote:
        | Please don't take HN threads into flamewar like this. We
        | ban such accounts, because we're trying for something
        | significantly different on this site. Fortunately your
        | account doesn't seem to have a history of this; please go
        | back to avoiding it here.
        | 
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
 
    | wpietri wrote:
    | USDT _claims_ to be collateralized with real life assets. But
    | their story keeps changing, they refuse to allow an audit,
    | and they 're under serious investigation by the NY Attorney
    | General. It can reasonably be thought of as a fraud that
    | hasn't popped yet:
    | https://www.kalzumeus.com/2019/10/28/tether-and-bitfinex/
 
      | emteycz wrote:
      | I keep hearing this for years and so far it didn't pop. I
      | can't trust this anymore.
 
  | ucha wrote:
  | Buying US stocks takes 2 days to settle.
  | 
  | Sending simple wires in the US takes hours.
  | 
  | Last time I tried to send significant funds from France to the
  | UK, it took me a whole week of back and forth with the bank to
  | complete all the AML/KYC paperwork.
  | 
  | Let's not even talk about how long it would take to move gold
  | from one part of the world to another cf.
  | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-30/iran-is-h...
  | 
  | You can buy or send bitcoin in seconds if you're not trying to
  | do it on-chain, the same way you can do it with stocks and
  | other assets. But definitive settlement of a bitcoin
  | transaction is faster than pretty much any other asset.
 
    | JumpCrisscross wrote:
    | > _Sending simple wires in the US takes hours_
    | 
    | What? No. It happens instantly at a protocol level.
    | Practically, about thirty minutes. Most people don't send and
    | receive wires and so don't choose bank accounts that
    | prioritise them.
    | 
    | Practically speaking, Venmo and Apple Pay and Zelle are
    | frictionless and instantaneous and more widely adopted than
    | Bitcoin. For heavy users of international transfers, there
    | are _usually_ better solutions.
    | 
    | There are absolutely edge cases, and so a legitimate use case
    | for a cryptocurrency there, but that's not enough use to
    | sustain Bitcoin's value. To say nothing of the transactional
    | motivation having been long since abandoned when inconvenient
    | for the current store of value one.
 
      | ucha wrote:
      | Yes sure, it takes 30 mins to send wires in a best case
      | scenario it is executed immediately when you send it but
      | that's not what happens in practice for most people. I do
      | that regularly and it takes me a couple of hours.
      | 
      | Venmo and co aren't "real" transfers of asset, it's an
      | update to a "permissioned" database. You can make immediate
      | transfers on coinbase too but they could be reversed, or
      | your account could get locked just as with venmo. It is
      | just as easy to have banks hold everyone's bitcoin and
      | instantaneously update a database so that feature is not an
      | advantage of fiat over bitcoin.
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | > _it takes 30 mins to send wires in a best case scenario
        | it is executed immediately when you send it but that 's
        | not what happens in practice for most people. I do that
        | regularly and it takes me a couple of hours._
        | 
        | Your bank is not set up for wires. Try Fidelity or First
        | Republic or Silicon Valley Bank. Between 10 and 30
        | minutes from my hitting transfer to appearing in the
        | recipient's account. Exceptions are large wires which may
        | require a phone call for verification, though I can
        | usually turn that off if I wanted to.
 
        | ucha wrote:
        | Ok, interesting... I think your general point is valid,
        | which is that, transacting in USD with a bank is, under
        | certain circumstances, simpler and faster than
        | transacting in bitcoin on-chain.
        | 
        | But you always have to rely on a third party,
        | transactions can be reversed, your funds can be locked
        | etc... It's completely different from say, transferring
        | actual bank notes, or actual gold bars or any kind of
        | transaction where a third party is not needed, you can't
        | be censored and it can't be reversed.
        | 
        | And again, everything you do with USD, you could do
        | eventually do with bitcoin. If banks decide to hold
        | bitcoin, they'll let you send bitcoin wires with all the
        | issues associated with fiat wire. Bitcoin wires don't
        | exist but they could. Permissionless, uncensorable,
        | irreversible, under 1-hour USD transactions don't exist
        | and they never will.
 
    | villasv wrote:
    | > Sending simple wires in the US takes hours.
    | 
    | Joke is on you, though. Even Brazil now has instant wires
    | (zero fees).
 
    | dan-robertson wrote:
    | I feel like Iran and Venezuela are bad examples as they are
    | typically denied access to much of the global financial
    | system. It's normally pretty easy to move gold around and
    | this process is handled by banks. Of course you might not get
    | the same gold bars if you move gold between countries (for
    | one thing they tend to come in different sizes in different
    | places) and it likely won't even be physically the same gold,
    | but the banks tend to handle the arbitrage of taking physical
    | gold to refineries across to move it from one market to
    | another (though there were some worries this might break down
    | between the US futures markets and London physical markets
    | due to coronavirus restrictions)
 
    | rjsw wrote:
    | > Last time I tried to send significant funds from France to
    | the UK, it took me a whole week of back and forth with the
    | bank to complete all the AML/KYC paperwork.
    | 
    | You would need to do the same paperwork with bitcoin.
    | 
    | I have UK and French bank accounts, transfers between them
    | take seconds. Transfers from the French account to any other
    | Eurozone account take seconds.
 
      | seibelj wrote:
      | This comment made me laugh! Filing paperwork to send
      | bitcoin? You are in outer space!
 
        | beervirus wrote:
        | Legal requirements can be surprising.
 
    | charcircuit wrote:
    | A bitcoin transaction never settles. If a longer chain is
    | created without that transaction it will become the current
    | state and that transaction will be effectively rolled back.
 
      | zadler wrote:
      | A bank transaction never settles. Though unlikely, it is
      | possible that quantum events may sporadically reverse the
      | transaction.
      | 
      | Both are probabilistic and highly unlikely.
 
        | charcircuit wrote:
        | >Both are probabilistic and highly unlikely.
        | 
        | A simple case of this happening with bitcoin is if the
        | network fragmented. For example if a country had a
        | firewall which temporarily blocked bitcoin. The country
        | would continue slowly adding blocks which would likely
        | revert when they reconnected back with the rest of the
        | network.
 
        | ucha wrote:
        | People would only mine on the shorter blockchain if they
        | think it's valid and good luck adding a country firewall
        | in an undetected fashion. It will be directly visible in
        | one of the two forked blockchain that a lot of the
        | hashpower has vanished.
        | 
        | If a country is behind a firewall, most likely, almost no
        | new blocks will be mined because the hashrate difficulty
        | will stay constant while the computational power behind
        | the firewall will become too low. Blocks will be mined
        | much more slowly for a period of time inversely
        | proportional to the hashpower behind the firewall. Most
        | likely, that chain will enter into a "mining death
        | spiral".
 
    | throw_m239339 wrote:
    | > Last time I tried to send significant funds from France to
    | the UK, it took me a whole week of back and forth with the
    | bank to complete all the AML/KYC paperwork.
    | 
    | How much time would it take to convert, transfer to a bank
    | account AND withdraw that same amount of money from Bitcoin
    | to plain FIAT?
 
  | eternauta3k wrote:
  | It could become a backbone for large transactions, while side
  | chains (Dash, Eth, etc.) provide faster, smaller transactions.
 
  | kkarpkkarp wrote:
  | > how will Bitcoin become a usable currency?
  | 
  | Wake up, this question was reasonable in 2010, maybe 2015. :)
  | Today no serious person is still thinking it would be usable :)
 
    | pjanoman wrote:
    | Maybe people close to Bitcoin know it won't be a usable
    | currency, but unless you closely follow bitcoin, it sure
    | seems like it is built to be a usable currency. Even the name
    | implies this relationship, and the idea of a 'wallet' does
    | too. Tesla just recently bought $1.5 billion worth for
    | exchange, no?
 
  | 2pEXgD0fZ5cF wrote:
  | The last years were the strongest indicator that bitcoin will
  | not become any kind of usable currency. Seeing that it is as
  | volatile as ever I'm honestly not sure what bitcoin can even
  | still become except yet another abstract plaything to "invest"
  | (bet) money on, the very thing it has been for a while now.
  | 
  | Also while it is decentralized, the reality of how it is used
  | is very much not. The typical use case is buying and selling it
  | via an exchange, not much else. Depending on where you live you
  | have to reveal more information about yourself to "just buy
  | bitcoin" than you have to when opening a bank account.
 
    | alisonkisk wrote:
    | Right or wrong, the theory is that eventually it will
    | stabilize and then the early adopters got a reward for
    | commiting early.
    | 
    | This isn't so different from any network.
 
  | joshxyz wrote:
  | For large transactions.
  | 
  | Small transactions can be done on sidechains and other chains.
 
  | Cthulhu_ wrote:
  | It won't, but it's also not transferred as much because of
  | cost, time, and transactions/second limit; I have no solid
  | figures, but I wouldn't be surprised if 99% of actual bitcoin
  | transactions are virtual, in databases on the exchanges. You
  | can't do high frequency trading on the blockchain.
 
  | jiriknesl wrote:
  | I use it as a currency for years.
  | 
  | Especially for large transactions internationally, where my
  | bank asks me+the other party to fees like $30 and it takes 3
  | days if everything goes well.
  | 
  | In comparison with that, BTC for those years, gave me on
  | average 40 minutes and $1 fee.
  | 
  | This is thirty times better than what my bank provides.
 
    | alisonkisk wrote:
    | Do you feel bad that you used bitcoin to save $30 instead of
    | speculating on it to make $30K?
 
      | jiriknesl wrote:
      | No. I don't use BTC as a speculative asset. I use it for
      | two things:
      | 
      | 1. when it is expensive or difficult to send money to
      | places like Vietnam, post-soviet countries, Iran. 2. some
      | saving in case the shit hits the fan and I will have to
      | survive for a couple of months without TransferWise,
      | Revolut.
 
      | picks_at_nits wrote:
      | This may not be the most constructive way to make the
      | point, but this is a feature of any speculative asset. If
      | the market as a whole has a very high confidence it will
      | continue to rise in value, few people will want to trade it
      | for goods and services unless they have no choice or can
      | make even more money from the goods and services than they
      | can from holding the asset.
      | 
      | Otherwise, it's like getting options in a startup and
      | spending them on pizza.
 
    | nly wrote:
    | What countries?
 
      | jiriknesl wrote:
      | Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Vietnam, Iran
 
    | afavour wrote:
    | I use TransferWise in those situations. It works great.
 
      | jiriknesl wrote:
      | I use TW too. But it doesn't work with post-soviet
      | countries. It doesn't work to Vietnam. It doesn't work to
      | Iran.
 
  | csomar wrote:
  | It's already a usable currency. You overpay the fee to get your
  | transaction confirmed in the next average 10 minutes. You use
  | lightening (though support is still limited) to have cheap and
  | fast confirmations and you settle later.
  | 
  | Also, it's still faster and cheaper than an international
  | SWIFT.
 
  | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
  | It won't and even BTC enthusiasts have given up on that. They
  | narrative is now that BTC is a "store of value".
 
    | wpietri wrote:
    | Exactly. Here's VC and prominent cryptocurrency enthusiast
    | Fred Wilson saying exactly that:
    | https://avc.com/2017/08/store-of-value-vs-payment-system/
    | 
    | While I agree with him that Bitcoin is a terrible currency, I
    | think the "store of value" thing is nonsense as well. Stores
    | of value need to have relatively stable value. Bitcoin is
    | hugely volatile. That's great for speculation, but nobody
    | with any sense would use it as the equivalent of a savings
    | account.
 
      | gruez wrote:
      | >Bitcoin is hugely volatile. That's great for speculation,
      | but nobody with any sense would use it as the equivalent of
      | a savings account.
      | 
      | Consider the classic store of value asset: gold. It's up
      | 17% compared to a year ago, and down 11% compared to its
      | peak last august. Sure, it's less volatile as bitcoin, but
      | it's hugely more volatile compared to t-bills or a FDIC
      | insured bank account. Does that mean gold also isn't a good
      | store of value?
 
        | koheripbal wrote:
        | Which is why fixed income products are now the go-to
        | "store of value" for any corporation or high-net-worth
        | individuals.
        | 
        | Few financially savvy entities keep gold as a store of
        | value.
 
        | spinchange wrote:
        | If you consider the amount of investment dollars parked
        | in gold and metals relative to the amount of total
        | investment dollars/flows in other financialized assets,
        | isn't the answer kind of self evident? Sure, there are
        | _worse_ stores of value but there are better, more stable
        | (and modern) ones that are more prevalent in actual
        | practice. Much of the total interest in gold is emotional
        | or speculative too.
 
        | toyg wrote:
        | But the point is, it's not an exclusive choice. BTC will
        | coexist with other commodities. It won't be the be-all-
        | end-all of financial transactions, but it will probably
        | endure.
 
        | pradn wrote:
        | Gold isn't the best store of value if stability of value
        | is the only concern.
        | 
        | In places like India, gold jewelry has a prominent
        | cultural value (a part of most wedding rituals, for
        | example). So its desired and even required no matter its
        | price - though demand is, I imagine, pretty elastic. The
        | volatility of gold prices competes with 8% inflation,
        | 
        | Even if gold is volatile, it competes favorably in an
        | investment environment where 1) cash inflates at 8% a
        | year 2) private banks can often be risky, with many going
        | bankrupt over the years 3) the average person has no
        | access to US T-bills 4) gold can be melted any time to
        | make jewelry anew, so one can always be fashionable
        | (keeping the use-value of the material fresh) 5) gold can
        | be pawned in emergencies, in practically every town 6)
        | where access to digital banking may be spotty,
        | transporting jewelry is an easy way to transport wealth
        | 
        | A store of value has many attributes that make it a good
        | store of value - ubiquity, tradability, use-value,
        | transportability, its value relative to the other options
        | in the investment environment.
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | Created an account just to say this but you beat me to
        | it.
 
        | boh wrote:
        | Not a fan of this sort of argument logic.
        | 
        | Y is like X to a lesser degree, and no it's not as good
        | as Z, but does that mean Y is bad? We're only talking
        | about X and no it's not a good store of value given the
        | other options.
 
        | alistairSH wrote:
        | Yes, that's exactly what it means. Very few people
        | actually use gold as a value store - they put their
        | savings in various USD-based (or Euro, etc) savings
        | vessels - money market, CDs, etc.
        | 
        | Gold is generally considered a last resort for the case
        | where the US completely falls apart. But if that happens,
        | I'm not sure gold is going to be much use - the global
        | economy will be screwed enough that everybody suffers,
        | gold or no gold.
 
        | crazydoggers wrote:
        | You have to take into account that we are at the birth of
        | a new asset class which means volatility is part of it.
        | Look at the birth of the stock market, for example, the
        | birth of industry or real estate, the list goes on.
        | 
        | Gold has been used as a store of wealth since at least
        | ancient times. So it's not quite a fair comparison.
        | 
        | And the whole economy doesn't need to collapse for an
        | asset to be valuable. The reason Bitcoin is up is because
        | people looking to maintain wealth are looking to broaden
        | portfolios. S&P is overvalued for some, the US dollar is
        | weak for some. Fed rates are still low, bond yields are
        | low. If you take into account inflation those CDs and
        | Money Markets you mention lose money. An extremely good
        | CD will currently earn you 1% interest, meanwhile
        | inflation will remove 2%.
        | 
        | So it doesn't need to be nonvolatile for it to be seen as
        | part of a portfolio of wealth management, and it
        | definitely doesn't need to only be a last resort against
        | complete economic failure since almost nothing qualifies.
        | 
        | If you don't already have a fully balanced and
        | diversified portfolio, you may not need or be ready for
        | Bitcoin yet... but that doesn't mean there's not
        | trillions of dollars that are ready for it.
 
        | crazydoggers wrote:
        | Again, valid useful discourse just gets downvoted
        | nowadays. Not HN of past.
        | 
        | Usually constructive comments would get some actual
        | criticism or disagreement rather than just downvotes.
        | 
        | I get it... BTC sour grapes just downvote. Same thing
        | happened when I called out the GME fiasco when that was
        | $300 a share.
        | 
        | But pro tip so you're not sour grapes in the future. Put
        | aside you're egos, and instead of downvoting things here
        | that scare you or you simply disagree with. Try using HN
        | as a learning tool.
        | 
        | If you disagree with something.. comment first... then
        | downvote. Discourse, discussion, debate. Those are the
        | paths to learning and understanding.
 
        | sixQuarks wrote:
        | There is $8 trillion held in gold. Whether you believe
        | that qualifies as a store of value or not, if Bitcoin
        | reaches the same level, each Bitcoin will be valued at
        | $500,000
 
        | bluGill wrote:
        | Gold is potentially useful AFTER things get back together
        | again. If there is a major disaster - US falls apart, as
        | does the rest off the world. 95% of the world population
        | dies, but by luck you are one of the survivors (this luck
        | seems to be a factor most survivalists don't think
        | about). For a few years there is chaos as people try to
        | figure out how to get food without the supply chains in
        | place. (worse in the cities, but even rural areas are
        | dependent on the supply chain for fuel, fertilizer, seed,
        | repair parts, and lots of other things)
        | 
        | After a few years things start to settle down. Trade with
        | your neighbors becomes possible for some division of
        | labor. However trade works better if there is a currency.
        | Paper money is either degraded (the most common bills
        | last a couple years), and the replacements are all
        | obviously bad copies. What is needed is something that is
        | easy to verify, that is hard to copy, has some intrinsic
        | value, isn't so common that you need vast quantities, and
        | something you are willing to trade. There are many
        | choices for this, but gold is one of the better ones.
        | Even if something other than gold is chosen, it is rare
        | enough, and valuable enough (for good looks, and it is
        | somewhat easy to for into useful shapes) so you can
        | expect to find a market for your gold. Many of the things
        | you can choose instead are either useless (computers
        | without the entire power grid can't do anything), or so
        | common that nobody will care (why would I want your iron
        | when there are junk cars everywhere with plenty)
        | 
        | Note that in order for this to work you need to actually
        | have the gold in hand. If you invest in gold without a
        | safe to store it in, then it does you no good. Even if
        | you can get to Fort Knox, whoever is there first won't
        | recognize your claim to the gold inside.
        | 
        | You also need to consider inflation, thousands is a nest
        | egg. millions is more than the local economy needs.
        | People don't need to accept your gold, unless you are the
        | local warlord, and then you don't need gold.
 
        | shawnz wrote:
        | > Very few people actually use gold as a value store -
        | they put their savings in various USD-based (or Euro,
        | etc) savings vessels - money market, CDs, etc.
        | 
        | Do you mean that very few people use gold as their
        | only/primary store of value? I am sure many people have
        | small amounts of their net worth in gold. Similarly I
        | think Bitcoin is a promising technology but that doesn't
        | mean I think users should allocate a significant
        | percentage of their portfolio to it.
 
        | spamizbad wrote:
        | One thing I don't understand is how will gold retain its
        | value during a societal collapse when most of the
        | industrial demand - and the trading/insuring/transporting
        | infrastructure around it - disappears? It doesn't really
        | make sense as a post-apocalyptic currency since most
        | people won't have any and it's utility to help you
        | survive is limited.
 
        | bluGill wrote:
        | It is pretty, and easy to form in stone age processes.
        | Thus it is actual useful unlike dollars.
        | 
        | Even if gold isn't a means of currency, you can still
        | trade for it because someone will be interested in buying
        | it. After the collapse bonds and paper money will be
        | worthless, but you can still trade gold for things.
        | 
        | Currency is whatever we use to avoid having to create
        | 10-way exchanges. (Baker offers the cobbler 600 loafs off
        | bread for a pair of shoes, but cobbler doesn't want that
        | many because they will obviously go stale, so we need to
        | bring in dozens of other people who need bread and can
        | trade something else to the cobbler). Gold is a good
        | choice for this, but is isn't the only possible choice.
 
        | spamizbad wrote:
        | I'm still trying to understand why someone in the
        | aftermath societal collapse would be interested in gold.
        | It's something that would be useful _after_ society
        | rebuilds. If I am trading it why am I trading it? What
        | are people doing with it? If it's just a currency, why
        | assume it would be adopted when it would be a relatively
        | scarce resource.
 
        | bluGill wrote:
        | why did society collapse? It is hard to come up with
        | something realistic. There are a lot of shocks that will
        | make things bad for a few weeks, but society will recover
        | - or at least the survivors will.
        | 
        | I can think of two, but perhaps you can think of more.
        | 
        | First is the local society collapse because of war. Could
        | happen to everyone, and while your armies might win in
        | the long run, you might be forced to flee. At that point
        | gold is useful because it is small enough to hide on your
        | person, thus meaning you have a chance to get it out to a
        | safer area. You might not be able to prove you own
        | foreign bonds (or maybe you can, but it takes years of
        | paperwork). Gold still has value to the rest of the world
        | in this, so if you can get out with it that is a good
        | thing.
        | 
        | A nuclear nation decides to end it all and shoot randomly
        | targeted ICBMs everywhere. In this case the few percent
        | of the world that survives by luck will need to start
        | over. It is just your village, you can't travel far
        | because of the wastelands surrounding you. Gold is useful
        | because it can be formed into tools. Iron is better, but
        | harder to form, and you may not have fuel to spare to
        | heat it (proper heat treatment of steel is one of the
        | things that makes iron useful). Gold also is pretty and
        | so there will still be the jewelry aspects.
        | 
        | Neither of the above require the gold be currency, though
        | it is a good choice for currency in general in the latter
        | case when starting over. (not the only good choice)
        | Scarcity is part of what has always made gold useful. You
        | could get it in enough quantities that most travelers
        | could carry their wealth around in that form (when not in
        | the form of trade goods - traveler implies trader in
        | those historical days)
        | 
        | Both of the above are long shots. I don't personally
        | invest in gold because I find the risks of the above low
        | enough that I don't bother to insurance against them.
 
        | robotbikes wrote:
        | If civilization collapses then I'm pretty sure bitcoins
        | would be worthless as the whole mining chain collapses. I
        | guess it is a good store of value in the more cyberpunk
        | dystopia where large corporations continue to grow in
        | influence and power and it is used to funnel funds for
        | the shadow economy. I mean it is valuable because people
        | with money are convinced it is valuable and that whole
        | feedback loop.
 
        | sailfast wrote:
        | Sure, but any crypto coin could do that, and I doubt we
        | would be using a currency as "mainstream" as bitcoin at
        | this point to do it at that point because we could not
        | afford the transaction costs. Probably be some privately
        | issued Zaibatsu coin or something, with bitcoin use being
        | reserved for the upper classes that had made it out. (OK
        | I guess I've been reading too much Gibson lately)
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | > _If civilization collapses then I 'm pretty sure
        | bitcoins would be worthless_
        | 
        | If all civilisations collapse, yes. But if _your_
        | civilisation collapses, a neutral store of value is
        | easier to own than _e.g._ a portfolio of foreign bonds in
        | a handful of offshore accounts.
 
        | FlownScepter wrote:
        | Not really, no? When the monetary system itself is as
        | unstable as it is, I struggle to think of what could be a
        | good store of value.
        | 
        | Maybe we should all just acknowledge that money is made
        | up and any security it provides depends on tons of
        | interconnected systems made up of people largely
        | unaccountable to the layman.
        | 
        | Edit: I think the mistake people make is trying to create
        | stability on unstable ground.
 
        | artificialLimbs wrote:
        | > ... I struggle to think of what could be a good store
        | of value.
        | 
        | Land.
 
        | mateuszf wrote:
        | Land is hard to liquidate when needed, unless it's in a
        | popular place.
 
        | FlownScepter wrote:
        | _the 2008 mortgage crisis has entered the chat_
        | 
        | But yeah, fair point. It's pretty much the only 99% safe
        | asset.
 
        | machinebun wrote:
        | Tell that to landowners in 1917 Russia :)
 
        | lottin wrote:
        | Gold has a reputation for being a 'safe haven' asset,
        | which is not quite the same as a 'store of value'. Gold
        | returns are supposedly negatively correlated with those
        | of stocks and other financial assets and so holding gold
        | provides a sort of protection against market downturns.
 
        | _jal wrote:
        | In other words if you're a goldbug, you now have an even
        | worse option.
        | 
        | > Does that mean gold also isn't a good store of value?
        | 
        | You answered your own question. There's a good reason to
        | prefer FDIC insurance. If your fashion choices require
        | you to avoid fiat currency, that's on you.
 
      | iforgetti wrote:
      | What incentive will there be for the community to continue
      | verifying transactions after all the bitcoins are mined?
      | 
      | Is it just that the system of storage will have Ongoing
      | operational cost like a vault has ongoing costs to protect
      | gold?
      | 
      | Has anyone modeled what these costs might look like?
 
        | riffraff wrote:
        | there's still a fee for just verifying transactions.
 
        | veesahni wrote:
        | I suspect transaction costs will rise when that's the
        | only gain
 
        | gorbypark wrote:
        | Currently, miners get the block reward plus transaction
        | fees. Miners get to pick which transactions to include in
        | the blocks they are processing, so of course they only
        | include the ones with highest fees. Once there is no more
        | block rewards, they would would have to survive off
        | transaction fees alone.
 
        | boh wrote:
        | If the economics of verifying transactions is no longer
        | sustainable, the code will be updated to allow more
        | mining. That's something no one wants to admit, but the
        | SegWit soft fork confirmed the influence concentrated
        | miners have on development. The idea that somehow Bitcoin
        | just works outside of any social influence is a complete
        | fallacy.
 
        | corty wrote:
        | Exactly. Miners will decide to continue mining. Probably
        | in just the right amount such that inflation/deflation is
        | controlled enough to create sustained profits for them.
        | Thus basically acting like a central bank.
 
        | boh wrote:
        | True, and honestly this can happen before they even get
        | near the mining cap, since computational costs will
        | likely be unsustainable before that.
 
        | px43 wrote:
        | > What incentive will there be for the community to
        | continue verifying transactions after all the bitcoins
        | are mined?
        | 
        | How are these questions still being asked, and more
        | amazingly, still being upvoted? First off, there will not
        | be a time when "all the bitcoins are mined". Mining
        | rewards are on a geometric curve that approaches 21
        | million but never touches it. Second, transaction fees
        | also go to miners, so even when mining emissions are
        | negligible, transaction fees will keep the miners
        | incentivized to keep mining.
        | 
        | This is all pretty much in the intro of the whitepaper,
        | and the first thing you should learn if you spend 5
        | minutes looking into this technology.
 
        | p0nce wrote:
        | Honest question: if there is little transactions because
        | it's a "store of value", and if the mining reward
        | continuously go down, why would anyone be incenticized to
        | be a miner?
 
      | mj4m1n wrote:
      | When in doubt, zoom out.
      | 
      | On larger timescales, this isn't really that much of an
      | issue.
      | 
      | Volatility is also trending downwards. The bigger it gets,
      | the more stable it becomes.
 
        | koheripbal wrote:
        | Businesses don't operate on a "zoomed out" timeline.
        | Volatility in the short term causes cashflow driven
        | liquidity bankruptcy.
 
        | beefield wrote:
        | > The bigger it gets, the more stable it becomes.
        | 
        | To be clear, there is no mechanism, logic or reason (at
        | least revealed to me) why this would be true. Vice versa,
        | increased amount of trading typically increases
        | volatility.
 
        | krona wrote:
        | _increased amount of trading typically increases
        | volatility._
        | 
        | Define _amount_. If you mean number of trades, then the
        | effect is decreased standard deviation if the average
        | trade is smaller as a percentage of total market
        | capitalisation. That seems completely logical.
        | 
        | See: pretty much every study in to HFT.
 
        | beefield wrote:
        | Trading volume. It was taught to me so long time ago and
        | I have thought it so obviously true that I haven't
        | questioned it ever. If you want sources, here is one
        | example (TBH, I only read abstract) I quickly googled. To
        | me, number of trades does not sound a reasonable measure
        | for analyzing markets in macro level, even if for HFT it
        | may be interesting, I know nothing about that.
        | 
        | https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4837179.pdf
 
        | jakupovic wrote:
        | If more powerful actors are owners they will not need to
        | sell upon volatility hence providing more stability.
 
        | mj4m1n wrote:
        | Yes, Microstrategy or Tesla have no interest in
        | daytrading.
 
        | beefield wrote:
        | I am not sure I follow the logic. Bitcoin becomes
        | "bigger" when there are more big actors not using it but
        | just hoarding it? And thus less volatile - until one of
        | these big actors decide to dump their holdings to the
        | thin market used to trade only scraps left from these big
        | actors... Sorry, not convincing.
 
        | MereInterest wrote:
        | You're appealing to future data that are not available
        | yet. Bitcoin has never been stable in its existence. You
        | are positing without evidence that it will become stable
        | in the future.
 
        | _alex_ wrote:
        | Many assets start volatile and become more stable over
        | time. As more money comes into bitcoin and the market cap
        | goes up, it's reasonable to assume that volatility will
        | go down.
 
        | mcosta wrote:
        | Many assets start volatile and end up in a stable 0.
 
        | mj4m1n wrote:
        | https://charts.woobull.com/bitcoin-volatility/
 
      | undefined1 wrote:
      | it's volatile because it's still in price discovery mode.
      | 
      | also, volatility only matters if you sell it. if you're
      | holding as a store of value, then you've done extremely
      | well over the long term.
 
      | joshxyz wrote:
      | It's volatile because it is exposed to a fuckton of
      | markets, but 1btc will always be 1btc.
 
        | perpetualpatzer wrote:
        | This could be said of any economic good.
        | 
        | "1 Tulip bulb will always be 1 tulip bulb. It's just that
        | people but them with a bunch of different currencies and
        | all the other currencies have been really volatile
        | relative to tulips (though not relative to one another)."
 
        | lxgr wrote:
        | That's not how measuring the "store of value" quality
        | works at all.
        | 
        | For example, inflation of a given currency is measured
        | using a basket of goods and services, not other
        | currencies.
 
      | lallysingh wrote:
      | What competes with these stores of value? As a high-risk-
      | high-return investment, it makes a lot of sense. I'd count
      | it in the same category as artwork as an investment.
 
      | toyg wrote:
      | The counter-counter-argument is that it's volatile because
      | it's still in its infancy. Gold used to be that volatile
      | too, when wars were commonplace and new sources were found
      | quite often. It can still swing significantly.
      | 
      | I've come around to the idea. I don't hold any bitcoin
      | anymore, and the best chance to get rich is gone, but I can
      | see a future where something digital (hence fundamentally
      | ethereal) acts as dense and largely unregulated store of
      | value, for the people who need it. In the same way the drug
      | trade currently uses artworks and commodities when it needs
      | to move value across national boundaries, they can use
      | hashes or something like that. Transaction costs to convert
      | those from/to cash are actually higher and slower than
      | bitcoin will likely ever be (i.e. a week or two, and
      | several hundrend USDs, will still be acceptable).
      | 
      | We'll never pay taxes or coffees with bitcoin, or hold
      | savings accounts, but it will still act as a commodity.
 
        | lawn wrote:
        | > The counter-counter-argument is that it's volatile
        | because it's still in its infancy.
        | 
        | So you're saying that Bitcoin isn't a store of value, but
        | you speculate that it will be in the future.
 
        | toyg wrote:
        | One can play True Scotsman all day with certain
        | definitions.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | sharedfrog wrote:
        | > the best chance to get rich is gone
        | 
        | The second best time to plant a tree is today.
 
        | ncallaway wrote:
        | Yes, but not always true with investments.
        | 
        | Such a strategy is dangerous when you're looking at a
        | Ponzi scheme, or a pump and dump, or anything else that
        | is designed to leave the late entrants as the bag
        | holders.
        | 
        | I'm not saying that's what Bitcoin is, just that it's
        | dangerous to be a late entrant to an investment and you
        | should be more wary
 
      | Taek wrote:
      | Bitcoin makes sense as a store of value because it is
      | likely to survive dramatic global economic failure. The
      | short term volatility is higher, but it's counter-
      | correlated with almost everything else and is a great hedge
      | against societal collapse.
      | 
      | Perhaps not the most fun thing to hedge against, but just
      | like buying life insurance it's a good idea.
 
        | robjan wrote:
        | Bitcoin is not counter-correlated. When the stock market
        | corrected last year, bitcoin also crashed.
 
    | neilwilson wrote:
    | I'd rather use Whisky as my store of value. With that you can
    | still have a party when the power goes off.
 
      | twaybtclong wrote:
      | My bitcoin bought my airplanes, wine cellar, and whiskey
      | collection. It's comparatively very difficult to hold as
      | it's price increases.
 
    | harikb wrote:
    | I think both of you agree on this one - once it is too
    | expensive to transact, it will be a permanent store of value
    | ;p
 
      | lottin wrote:
      | Yes, the only question is what amount of value it will
      | store. N.B.: Zero is an amount.
 
    | maclured wrote:
    | It's going to take some pretty big balls to dump your money
    | into bitcoin instead of gold or cash the next time the stock
    | market crashes. Then we'll see how good a store of value it
    | is.
 
      | nickysielicki wrote:
      | Big balls, surely, but are we waiting to see that happen,
      | or haven't we seen that happen? The stock market has
      | settled around ATHs, not pushing too far down or up.
      | Meanwhile, 40% of all US currency _ever minted_ has been
      | printed in the last 365 days [1], and Bitcoin is worth
      | nearly $50k.
      | 
      | Maybe it's just me, but it's clear to me that markets
      | crashed, the shockwave just hasn't been felt by everyone
      | yet.
      | 
      | [1]: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M1
 
        | maclured wrote:
        | No, I mean a depression. What we've seen is investors
        | scrambling to find returns in riskier assets due to low
        | interest rates, but the bubble hasn't burst yet.
        | 
        | Once it does, we're likely to see a depression at some
        | point [1].
        | 
        | Since Bitcoin is famously volatile I'd bet that once
        | there's a scare, people who've pumped the price up to the
        | current highs will abandon it in droves. After all,
        | there's a huge difference in risk between buying in <$5k
        | vs ~$30-50k
        | 
        | [1] https://economicprinciples.org/
 
        | sub7 wrote:
        | We know exactly what happens in a rush to liquidity.
        | BTC/other non income producing "assets" are the first to
        | go.
 
      | iexplainbtc wrote:
      | I'd rather invest into something that is highly volatile
      | but almost certainly appreciates over time rather than
      | something that depreciates at a predictable yet increasing
      | rate.
      | 
      | We could discuss the fact that BTC _might_ be overpriced or
      | underpriced, nobody really knows. But that it 's going to
      | go up in value (in terms of purchasing power) in the long
      | term is, black swan events aside, almost a certainty
      | because of its engineered stock to flow.
      | 
      | Scarcity is real whether it's physical or digital (as we've
      | seen with art, collectibles or more recently NFTs). Gold is
      | a good store of value because of historically predictable
      | scarcity but it's not predictable _with certainty_. Bitcoin
      | is. We 'll know exactly how many bitcoins are in
      | circulation 10 minutes, 10 days, 10 or even 100 years from
      | now. If anything many will be lost, which will contribute
      | to its scarcity.
      | 
      | Will Bitcoin be replaced by something else in the future?
      | Almost certainly. But let's not forget that unbacked cash
      | has been around for just half a century. Even if Bitcoin is
      | replaced by something 50, 100 years from now that's plenty
      | of time for a couple of generations to use it as a store of
      | value (and payment system).
 
        | Priem19 wrote:
        | >Even if Bitcoin is replaced by something 50, 100 years
        | 
        | How about 5 years?
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | Extremely unlikely. Bitcoin has been around 12 years and
        | it's just now starting to go mainstream. Most people
        | still have no idea what it even is. You can count the
        | number of publicly traded companies that have Bitcoin in
        | their treasury on 2 hands and that's only destined to
        | increase.
        | 
        | I can't give you an actual estimate of how long it will
        | take for Bitcoin to lose its market share but I can
        | confidently say it will take decades. At very least until
        | it replaces a good chunk of gold's market cap.
 
        | Priem19 wrote:
        | Seems like an Is/Ought Fallacy. Also, governments won't
        | willingly surrender their control of the money supply. I
        | think that with one stroke of a pen they could let the
        | price /10 as fast as it went x10.
        | 
        | Moreover, since technology is accelerating ever faster,
        | five years from now is a lot longer than five years
        | starting from 1980.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | There are many, many things other than Bitcoin which are
        | also guaranteed to be finite in supply (more so in the
        | case of physical goods, since they cannot be forked).
        | BCash, most shitcoins and inactive ICO tokens, for
        | example, are limited in supply in exactly the same way.
        | Share certificates of bust companies are fixed in supply,
        | and yet rarely worth more than the paper they're printed
        | on. The creative output of every dead person is fixed in
        | supply, and yet some dead people's work appreciates
        | massively in value whilst others' is near worthless.
        | 
        | Price is the interaction of supply _and demand_ , and
        | there is no particular reason to believe that people will
        | be more willing to pay over $45k to update ledgers to
        | indicate possession of a particular alphanumeric string
        | in a couple of decades' time than they are now.
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | Yep and that's Bitcoin's network effect. There _is_
        | demand for Bitcoin. 2017 was the year of retail interest,
        | 2021 is the year of institutional interest. It 's easy to
        | see that the price is now uncorrelated with the retail
        | interest, using Google Trends as an example. [0]
        | 
        | > there is no particular reason to believe that people
        | will be more willing to pay over $45k to update ledgers
        | to indicate possession of a particular alphanumeric
        | string in a couple of decades' time than they are now
        | 
        | Absolutely. Nobody can know with certainty what will
        | happen but if you compare Bitcoin with something like
        | gold you immediately realize that Bitcoin is better in
        | any possible way. There is literally no reason to think
        | that Bitcoin won't replace gold in terms of market
        | capitalization (except for the 7.5% actually used in
        | manufacturing) [1].
        | 
        | [0] https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%2
        | 05-y&ge...
        | 
        | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/299609/gold-
        | demand-by-in...
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | > Nobody can know with certainty what will happen but if
        | you compare Bitcoin with something like gold you
        | immediately realize that Bitcoin is better in any
        | possible way.
        | 
        | Again, this is cargo-cult nonsense. Gold does not take
        | the electricity resources of a large country to render it
        | secure and make transactions possible. People cannot vote
        | for a greater gold supply or fork gold, or create an
        | alternative gold which lacks the need to use the
        | electricity resources of a small country to secure it but
        | is in every other respect functionally identical. Gold is
        | pretty to look at and can be made into jewellery, not
        | intrinsically worthless. Gold's price might be pushed
        | higher than that intrinsic value by interest in its use
        | as a store of value, but it's driven by millenia of
        | desire to possess gold as a status symbol and currency
        | substitute across a vast array of cultures, not a 12 year
        | bull run propped up by counterfeit dollars and
        | increasingly unrealistic claims that it will replace
        | currency. There is literally no reason to believe that
        | Bitcoin will ever 'replace gold in terms of market
        | capitalization'
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | > Gold does not take the electricity resources of a large
        | country to render it secure and make transactions
        | possible.
        | 
        | Except it does [0].
        | 
        | > Gold is pretty to look at and can be made into
        | jewellery, not intrinsically worthless.
        | 
        | The first argument is laughable, the second is simply
        | incorrect. Oil is intrinsically worthless. It's worth
        | something only if you can turn it into fuel, plastic or
        | some other product for which there is demand. Same goes
        | for gold.
        | 
        | And although it's true that you can turn a piece of gold
        | into a piece of jewelry that piece of jewelry will
        | _decrease_ in value over time unless it gains intangible
        | value because of its history. Try buying a gold necklace
        | and selling it the next day at the same value.
        | 
        |  _Nothing_ has  "intrinsic" value. All value is relative.
        | 
        | [0] https://medium.com/@hillpot/bitcoin-vs-gold-which-
        | hurts-the-....
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | > Except it does [0].
        | 
        | That energy is used in production, not securing the
        | existing stock of gold. With the very significant
        | consequence for gold's "store of value" role that if
        | environmental activists succeed in curtailing gold
        | mining, gold owners would see their gold go up in value,
        | not transactions becoming incredibly difficult and prone
        | to fraud and a price crash. (But FWIW I'm not saying that
        | gold mining to use as a "store of value" isn't _also_
        | wasteful)
        | 
        | > It's worth something only if you can turn it into fuel,
        | plastic or some other product for which there is demand.
        | Same goes for gold.
        | 
        | I'm sorry to hear you find the aesthetic preferences of
        | virtually every culture in history and the role they have
        | played in promoting gold as a symbol of wealth laughable.
        | You'd be surprised how much harder it is to enthuse them
        | about the aesthetic properties of Bitcoins though.
        | 
        | And no, oil or gold is not "intrinsically worthless"
        | because it is possible to use oil or gold for purposes
        | other than exchange, and thus people value them for those
        | use cases independently of beliefs about their future
        | price.
        | 
        | > And although it's true that you can turn a piece of
        | gold into a piece of jewelry that piece of jewelry will
        | decrease in value over time unless it gains intangible
        | value because of its history. Try buying a gold necklace
        | and selling it the next day at the same value.
        | 
        | And yet gold necklaces of a given design are invariably
        | more scarce in supply than Bitcoin! Almost like the
        | demand side of the equation actually matters! Luckily,
        | people do not buy gold necklaces solely because they
        | believe gold necklaces will go up in price, and are not
        | motivated to sell them as soon as they fear the price
        | will fall in future. The same does not apply to Bitcoins,
        | because unlike Bitcoins, people hold necklaces for the
        | intrinsic pleasure of having a shiny necklace.
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | > That energy is used in production, not securing the
        | existing stock of gold.
        | 
        | Safes and transportation equipment have to be built too.
        | And we already have layer 2 infrastructure that minimizes
        | the amount of energy spent to secure transactions on
        | chain. It needs a lot of work, sure, but it's not
        | unfeasible for Bitcoin to use a fraction of the energy
        | used today, at some point.
        | 
        | Furthermore mining gold requires mining equipment to use
        | whatever source of energy is nearby or ship expensive
        | tanks of fuel and/or batteries. With Bitcoin you could
        | set up a mining rig where there's a source of energy that
        | would otherwise be left unused. Meaning we could be using
        | a lot of renewable resources that would otherwise be
        | wasted to create and exchange value.
        | 
        | > I'm sorry to hear you find the aesthetic preferences of
        | virtually every culture in history and the role they have
        | played in promoting gold as a symbol of wealth laughable.
        | 
        | I don't and you took what I said out of context. Of
        | course aesthetic properties are important. But quartz is
        | arguably "prettier" than gold in most cultures. Gold is
        | scarcer. That's why _only_ considering the aesthetics is
        | laughable.
        | 
        | > And yet gold necklaces of a given design are invariably
        | more scarce in supply than Bitcoin!
        | 
        | Gold necklaces of a certain _brand_. Not any custom
        | designed necklace. It 's an important distinction. A
        | brand is a very real and important source of intangible
        | value. And a brand can be related to a company's IP or to
        | other less predictable events (think Banksy).
        | 
        | > because unlike Bitcoins, people hold necklaces for the
        | intrinsic pleasure of having a shiny necklace.
        | 
        | You seem to be unaware of how many people hold Bitcoin
        | just because they like doing so (think GME and WSB). A
        | strong niche of Bitcoin holders has ties with
        | libertarianism and, therefore, attributes a non-zero
        | intangible value to it in terms of it being an instrument
        | against totalitarianism and governments in general.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | > Safes and transportation equipment have to be built
        | too.
        | 
        | Because gold will be worthless and useless if it is not
        | possible to continue using as much energy as Argentina on
        | a daily basis to build and maintain safes and Securicor
        | vans?
        | 
        | > Meaning we could be using a lot of renewable resources
        | that would otherwise be wasted to create and exchange
        | value.
        | 
        | Because the world is famously short of use cases and
        | storage media for electrical power? As I already pointed
        | out, none of the energy used to mine new gold is
        | essential (or even remotely helpful) to securing and
        | transacting with the existing gold supply, gold mining
        | being energy use is something of a moot point when
        | considering possible advantages of holding gold instead.
        | 
        | > I don't and you took what I said out of context Of
        | course aesthetic properties are important. But quartz is
        | arguably "prettier" than gold in most cultures. Gold is
        | scarcer. That's why only considering the aesthetics is
        | laughable.
        | 
        | At no point have I even hinted at considering _only_ the
        | aesthetics, and no good faith reading of my arguments
        | would conclude I did. I did, after all, include the
        | clause  "price is the interaction of supply and demand"
        | in my opening post.
        | 
        | I noted that aesthetics were _a_ factor creating demand
        | for gold independently from its perceived resale value.
        | You summarily dismissed this as  "laughable". There was
        | nothing substantive for me to "take out of context", but
        | I'm glad you now agree that the intrinsic aesthetic
        | properties of gold are important.
        | 
        | > Gold necklaces of a certain brand. Not any custom
        | designed necklace. It's an important distinction
        | 
        | Yes. I am aware that brands exist. Sometimes brands even
        | produce limited editions so "we'll know exactly how many
        | [necklaces] are in circulation 10 minutes, 10 days, 10 or
        | even 100 years from now", but even this doesn't guarantee
        | their gold necklaces retain their value. The fact that
        | scarcity of particular designs often does not make them
        | more useful as a store of value than the less scarce raw
        | material supports my argument not yours. Second hand
        | necklace preferences are fickle, and financial instrument
        | preferences even more so.
        | 
        | > You seem to be unaware of how many people hold Bitcoin
        | just because they like doing so (think GME and WSB)
        | 
        | How's GME performed as a store of value since WSB pumped?
        | It's just as scarce as it was 10 days ago, but apparently
        | not guaranteed to go up after all...
        | 
        | And come to think of it, the "terms of it being an
        | instrument against totalitarianism and governments in
        | general" are not independent from BTCs potential for
        | future exchange use. Certainly neither as independent
        | from future use nor as widespread as people taking
        | pleasure from things' intrinsic shininess.
 
        | maclured wrote:
        | > Oil is ... worth something only if you can turn it into
        | fuel, plastic or some other product for which there is
        | demand. Same goes for gold.
        | 
        | You clearly don't understand what "intrinsic value" means
        | if you believe this. The very fact it can be fabricated
        | into something of value gives it some intrinsic value.
 
        | dang wrote:
        | Please omit personal swipes from your comments, and
        | please don't post in the flamewar style.
        | 
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | > The very fact it can be _fabricated_ into something _of
        | value_ gives it some _intrinsic_ value.
        | 
        | That's a plain contradiction. Oil is valuable because
        | there is _demand_ for products manufactured with it. In a
        | world where there 's no demand for gasoline, plastic or
        | any other derivative of oil the "intrinsic value" of oil
        | is zero, which proves there is no such thing as intrinsic
        | value that isn't relative to a market.
        | 
        | Just to be clear we're discussing commodities and _not_
        | company stocks, for which there is a very specific
        | definition of  "intrinsic value", according to
        | fundamental analysis at least.
        | 
        | I'm pretty sure you're the one who's confused, but ok.
 
        | dang wrote:
        | Please omit personal swipes from your comments, and
        | please don't post in the flamewar style.
        | 
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
 
        | maclured wrote:
        | The question is, will people run to it as a safe haven in
        | the event of a huge stock market crash, or away from it?
        | Nobody knows for sure. It's a game of chicken - not
        | having the heritage of gold, I don't think it'd take much
        | for people to get scared and realise that all they have
        | are a load of strings of characters (scarce or not) and
        | want to dump it. After all, it's crashed before.
        | 
        | Until then, it's potentially a great investment in
        | today's climate (especially if you don't care about the
        | climate).
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | > all they have are a load of strings of characters
        | 
        | Most things valuable nowadays are strings of characters.
        | It's not the byte sequence that's valuable, it's what it
        | represents. Bitcoin is, conceptually speaking, an asset
        | that is orders of magnitude better than most existing
        | financial instruments and commodities. The fact that it's
        | implemented using bits instead of atoms is completely
        | irrelevant.
        | 
        | I really don't understand this urge of breaking down
        | anything digital into its fundamental units to try and
        | diminish its value. It's the equivalent of evaluating
        | anything in the physical world as "just a bunch of
        | atoms".
 
        | maclured wrote:
        | > I really don't understand this urge of breaking down
        | anything digital into its fundamental units to try and
        | diminish its value. It's the equivalent of evaluating
        | anything in the physical world as "just a bunch of
        | atoms".
        | 
        | Because in the good times, people think these things are
        | great investments. But as soon as things go south they
        | look at what they have from a different perspective.
        | Something with some intrinsic value (e.g. a "bunch of
        | atoms" that can be eaten or lived in) is likely to be
        | much easier to rationalise holding on to in that
        | scenario, rather than something that's only worth
        | something due to consensus by a bunch of strangers.
        | 
        | And that's the risk - it doesn't matter if as an
        | individual you see great potential. If everyone else
        | disagrees, gets scared and sells, then BTC could be
        | battered.
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | Most subjectively "useless" objects are used as a store
        | of value. Only 7/8% of gold is used in the manufacturing
        | industry, the rest is sitting there with no active
        | purpose other than existing. Same goes for collectibles
        | (you can't eat or live in a baseball card or a valuable
        | artwork).
        | 
        | Also the "live in" is a big misconception. Real estate
        | doesn't increase in value. What does is the land on top
        | of which it sits. A house depreciates over time exactly
        | like a car (prefabs on rented land are a great example of
        | that).
        | 
        | The only question that matters is: is Bitcoin better than
        | commodity X? Where X can be gold, silver, oil or whatever
        | else. And if the answer is yes there's no reason to
        | believe it wouldn't take over X in terms of market
        | capitalization (and, therefore, value).
 
        | maclured wrote:
        | > The only question that matters is: is Bitcoin better
        | than commodity X
        | 
        | No. The only question that matters is will people
        | collectively continue to agree that it's worth something,
        | lacking any intrinsic value?
        | 
        | If interest rates go up and people need to call in their
        | assets to repay their debts, what do you think will
        | happen? Would people rather lose their houses or their
        | bitcoins?
        | 
        | I think people will dump stocks and risky "assets" like
        | BTC and take flight into cash with some percentage in
        | traditional safe havens with a proven track record (like
        | gold) until things settle down. This is exactly what
        | happened a year ago. There's no reason in my mind to
        | believe anything would change regarding BTC's status now
        | - I think it'll be dumped like it was last year. It may
        | recover faster (I'd certainly buy it for a heavy
        | discount), but I just don't buy the "store of value",
        | "digital gold" argument.
        | 
        | It's an early-stage speculative asset IMO - let's not
        | pretend it's a stable, low-risk store of value.
        | 
        | > A house depreciates over time
        | 
        | Tell that to people unable to buy because house prices
        | have shot up. Property can also generate a good rental
        | income - yield obviously dependent on the price paid. BTC
        | doesn't provide any such perpetuity.
 
        | iexplainbtc wrote:
        | You fail to understand 3 things:
        | 
        | 1. There is no such thing as "intrinsic value" and I
        | explained clearly why in a different reply to your
        | comment.
        | 
        | 2. What goes up is the value of _land_ , not _houses_. If
        | houses themselves were valuable movable homes would also
        | increase in value. They don 't. The reason why land goes
        | up in value is that (residential) land is scarce.
        | 
        | 3. Gold isn't a safe haven because of its track record
        | (in fact gold is relatively volatile [0] and if you had
        | bought gold in 1980 you'd have _lost_ money today,
        | adjusted to inflation), it 's considered a safe haven
        | because it's the only commodity that has a historically
        | predictable stock to flow and can (and normally does) act
        | as a hedge against inflation. Bitcoin does that and more.
        | 
        | > It's an early-stage speculative asset IMO
        | 
        | So was gold in its early stages as a store of value. So
        | is any valuable company's stock in the first few months
        | after IPO. Speculation is uncorrelated with the lack of
        | fundamental valuable _features_.
        | 
        | At this point I'm not sure your intent is to try to
        | understand more about Bitcoin (or economy, for that
        | matter) but rather to force a narrative that isn't at all
        | obvious, unlike what you're trying to imply. And I'm not
        | saying you're wrong, rather that you're unable to
        | corroborate your statements with data and facts.
        | 
        | "And for that reason, I'm out".
        | 
        | [0] https://www.macrotrends.net/1333/historical-gold-
        | prices-100-...
 
        | dang wrote:
        | Please don't post in the flamewar style to HN. You've
        | crossed noticeably into that here and it's not cool--
        | we're trying to avoid that kind of thing on this site.
        | 
        | If you wouldn't mind reviewing
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and
        | sticking to the rules when posting here, we'd be
        | grateful.
 
    | auggierose wrote:
    | But it doesn't have any value. Except that some people think
    | it has. In times of truly global trouble, nobody will accept
    | bitcoins as payment for bread.
 
      | rorykoehler wrote:
      | The same could be said it FIAT currencies. It's all an
      | illusion/religion.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | One is an illusion based around a legal system of
        | enforceable debt, and the other is an illusion based on
        | current speculator psychology.
        | 
        | One of those illusions is more powerful and sustainable
        | than the other
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | Fiat currencies (of democratic nations) are
        | democratically controlled. That makes them fundamentally
        | different from cryptocurrencies controlled by early
        | adopters, a few engineers, and mining rigs.
 
        | freddieoduks wrote:
        | serious question, how is the democratic process different
        | between the two? One i.e. democratic nations are a group
        | of people on the same piece of land that. The other is a
        | group of people on the internet.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | A few years ago the BTC/BCH split happened. This was a
        | major philosophical decision that creates winners and
        | losers and changes the trajectory of the winning coin
        | forever. It was a fiscal policy decision.
        | 
        | It was made _exclusively_ by software engineers and
        | miners. Miners get to vote based on their wealth. I don
        | 't consider that to be "a democratic process". There is
        | no guarantee of enfranchisement. Some people get far far
        | far more votes than others. It is more like a council of
        | aristocrats.
 
        | ForHackernews wrote:
        | Absolutely. It's just funny that many cryptocurrency
        | advocates reject "fiat" currencies for being fake and
        | arbitrary, but bitcoin is even more fake and arbitrary.
        | At least USD has the non-illusionary property of keeping
        | me out of jail when paid to the IRS. ;)
        | 
        | Why is BTC worth more than BCH?
 
        | auggierose wrote:
        | it is, but bitcoin is a particularly stupid one
 
        | yokaze wrote:
        | No, FIAT currencies derive a value by the government
        | putting one to it. The government spends it and accepts
        | payment with it.
        | 
        | Government spending in the US is 35% of the whole GDP.
        | 
        | Try to argue with your tax office, that it is an
        | illusion/religion.
 
        | anthonypasq wrote:
        | no, this is literally macro economics 101 dude.
        | Governments don't give money value. People's belief it
        | has value is what gives money value.
 
        | freddieoduks wrote:
        | the only reason the dollar has any value at all is that
        | it is issued within the context of a society full of
        | people who have agreed to treat it as though it has
        | value. Without that faith, every major currency on Earth
        | would be as useful as small pieces of paper generally are
 
      | root_axis wrote:
      | Indeed, it doesn't even need to be global trouble, e.g. if
      | you were a bitcoin enthusiast living in Puerto Rico during
      | 2017, you learned first-hand exactly how useless bitcoin
      | becomes when a major disaster strikes. Cash and gold didn't
      | suffer the same fate.
 
        | miracle2k wrote:
        | Presumably it wasn't used for everyday payments before,
        | and obviously the global price was unaffected, so when
        | you say it become useless, in what way do you mean?
 
        | root_axis wrote:
        | I mean that the island was without power for months so
        | anybody that was expecting to rely on bitcoin in any
        | capacity during the disaster was totally screwed.
 
      | samfisher83 wrote:
      | That is true of a lot of things. Would diamonds or gold be
      | as valuable if people didn't think it was a store of value?
 
        | auggierose wrote:
        | You can use diamonds to cut things. As for store of
        | value, nobody sees it as a store of value. If you think
        | it has value, go and buy a large diamond from a jewellery
        | store, and then try to sell it somewhere for the same
        | price.
 
        | RC_ITR wrote:
        | Diamonds are mostly consumption. Used diamonds always
        | sell for WAY less than new, unless there's some other
        | factor.
 
        | ragnese wrote:
        | Right. It's all mass psychology. Gold, the stock market,
        | bitcoin, whatever.
        | 
        | It only has value as long as people believe it has value.
        | 
        | The caveat of course is that all of the things I listed
        | have SOME more inherent value, but that is NOT the major
        | contributor to their actual trading prices. Gold is not
        | THAT useful. Neither is owning a billionth of a company.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | Obviously this is much less true for gold than for
        | bitcoin, and the value of the stock market is very real.
        | If you own a piece of Apple or the local hot dog stand,
        | you own a piece of something that is continuously
        | producing value for people.
 
        | Strom wrote:
        | > _you own a piece of something that is continuously
        | producing value for people._
        | 
        | People will only pay for the next Apple product as long
        | as they believe it provides value to them. It's all the
        | same. Perception is king.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | Over a billion people use Apple products, it's an
        | extremely solid business. You can't compare that to a
        | speculative bubble. Tulips were also very expensive once.
 
        | machinebun wrote:
        | True, but when you own a part of Apple you also have to
        | have faith that your shares won't be diluted to nothing
        | via new stock offerings (which numerous companies have
        | done in the past). So while there is intrinsic value in
        | the shares, some of that is still based on faith (if
        | Apple doubled their outstanding shares overnight, the
        | value of yours would go down).
 
      | sz4kerto wrote:
      | > In times of truly global trouble, nobody will accept
      | bitcoins as payment for bread.
      | 
      | That is true for gold as well. (Ofc not 'nobody', just
      | 'almost nobody'.)
 
        | XorNot wrote:
        | This is why there is no gold standard anymore. Like, this
        | right here is the exact reason: because collectively it's
        | apparent gold is not worth much to anyone in a pinch. So
        | why bother trading with it as a proxy for your nation-
        | state's goods and services output?
        | 
        | Interestingly, I went and looked up what the price of
        | gold would actually be if it was solely used for
        | industrial processes, and it's hard to actually figure
        | out: it's speculated on a lot, but world gold demand in
        | 2019 was 4355.7t. Of that, 48.5% was for the jewelery
        | industry, and 7.48% for technology - the rest accounted
        | for by investment. So industrially world demand for gold
        | for productive or decorative uses is about 2439.2 tons
        | (as of 2019), whereas mining production in that year was
        | about 3,300 tons.
        | 
        | So about 45% of world gold demand is essentially from
        | financial speculators. To figure out pricing you'd have
        | to really get into the current mining economics for
        | technological use...
        | 
        | https://www.statista.com/statistics/299609/gold-demand-
        | by-in...
        | https://www.statista.com/statistics/264628/world-mine-
        | produc... https://www.gold.org/about-gold/gold-supply
 
        | auggierose wrote:
        | Gold makes a nice filling for your teeth, if you like
        | that look.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | fogihujy wrote:
        | It also has industrial applications, not to mention that
        | it's being used for jewellery.
        | 
        | A golden chain with a gold-plated USB key containing a
        | Bitcoin wallet might have a considerable bling factor
        | though. :)
 
        | ForHackernews wrote:
        | Is this really true historically? Obviously these are
        | biased goldbugs, but there are at least some anecdotes
        | that suggest https://www.bullionstar.com/blogs/ronan-
        | manly/the-power-of-g...
        | 
        | It seems more likely that people conflict zones would be
        | happy to accept gold (with the assumption it will be
        | valuable in the future/in more stable areas) than
        | bitcoins that require electricity, stable internet and
        | tons of disk space.
 
        | XorNot wrote:
        | Conflict zones are generally aware that there are non-
        | conflict zones. The existence of the first world, and
        | detailed knowledge of it's demands, means people know to
        | collect assets that will be valued there.
        | 
        | The problem with Bitcoin is it's not a physical thing at
        | the end of the day: nobody mints jewellery out of
        | bitcoin.
 
        | burade wrote:
        | Gold is a real thing that has value though. Bitcoin
        | literally stops existing if you stop believing in it.
 
        | throwaway3699 wrote:
        | So does fiat.
 
        | lottin wrote:
        | Bitcoin is fiat. It's not backed by a commodity.
 
        | iagovar wrote:
        | But fiat has taxes, and state-backed violence and jails.
        | 
        | If your state demands your taxes be paid in FIAT, no
        | matter what you wan't, you'll be paying in FIAT (or
        | fined, or in jail, or depending on the circunstances
        | maybe dead).
 
        | tarsinge wrote:
        | > Bitcoin literally stops existing if you stop believing
        | in it.
        | 
        | That is the case for countless things. Is a corporation a
        | real thing or a belief? Where is the physical entity
        | Facebook or the physical entity Apple? Is it the people
        | working for them? Their logo? Their contracts? It's all
        | that and a collective belief in an abstract entity.
        | That's true for fiat or states too, even if that belief
        | can be enforced through e.g. army, that doesn't change
        | the fact that's is a collective belief in something that
        | has no material reality.
 
        | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
        | _> That is true for gold as well._
        | 
        | Not even close. Gold is a tangible psychical asset, a
        | finite resource on Earth that can not only make valuables
        | you can wear or leave as heirloom but is also a really
        | good heat-reflector and electricity conductor needed in
        | anything from semiconductors and precision electronics to
        | supercars and satellites. Without it, the global
        | electronics industry would suffer terribly.
 
        | _alex_ wrote:
        | Gold's market cap isn't driven by industrial use.
 
        | epx wrote:
        | +1, _lots_ of things have been manufactured with gold in
        | the past and would go back to gold if it got any cheaper.
 
    | snarfy wrote:
    | The irony is we place a lot of value on energy. The current
    | economic system reflects this with oil being a proxy for
    | energy.
 
    | tal8d wrote:
    | I haven't received my official enthusiast talking points
    | memo, but the obvious solution was proposed years ago: off
    | chain transaction that use smart contracts for settlement on
    | the public ledger. I vaguely remember "store of value" being
    | used for what would more accurately be described as "trust
    | anchor" or "root authority".
 
      | MichaelApproved wrote:
      | As you've said, it's been years since that was proposed but
      | it's still not helping because none of the off chain
      | networks have gotten any traction.
      | 
      | Admittedly, my experience with BTC is limited so please
      | enlighten me if I have this wrong. That's not a sarcastic
      | request. I'm being genuine.
 
        | bob33212 wrote:
        | Off Chain transactions look so much like a credit card
        | that as soon as you begin to build the off chain
        | transaction system you see that Amex/Visa/MC could just
        | allow customers to settle payment in BTC and get the same
        | value.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | I'm trying to imagine how you think that'd work without
        | them also running an exchange and eating slippage, or
        | maintaining a massive hot wallet.
 
        | bob33212 wrote:
        | You could make it a debit card and require people to
        | deposit BTC. But in general the USD is a better
        | settlement currency. That is why BTC isn't being used in
        | transactions.
        | 
        | BTC is a pump and dump play.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | lol, so nothing even close to an off chain network - but
        | somehow the "same value". Well, except for the real time
        | cryptographically secure stuff - but nobody wanted those
        | values anyway.
        | 
        | 10+ years is a pretty long con, that satoshi is one
        | patient fraudster.
 
        | bob33212 wrote:
        | satoshi obviously isn't part of the con. He would have
        | sold a long time ago if that was the case.
        | 
        | It is the people who have latched on as "bitcoin
        | evangelists" and are recruiting more people into the
        | network to get the price to go up. Classic Ponzi scheme.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | So not a "Classic Ponzi scheme", but the opposite - where
        | Charles Ponzi is the victim of "people who have latched
        | on". That is twice now that you've claimed something
        | based on a bizarre redefinition. Even if there were some
        | kind of campaign of revolving pyramid schemes over all
        | these YEARS, bitcoin is net positive... while pyramid
        | schemes operate at a deficit all the way up to the point
        | where they go to zero.
 
        | bob33212 wrote:
        | I think you are right, this doesn't perfectly fit with
        | existing definitions of other scams. This is more like
        | the beanie baby situation combined with some libertarian
        | political beliefs.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | But the beanie baby craze only lasted 3 years. The CBOE
        | didn't start trading beanie baby options. NIST didn't
        | begin several beanie baby focused work groups and
        | studies. The IRS didn't provide tax guidance on beanie
        | babies... You guys really need to update that script, but
        | I do congratulate you on dropping the tulip mania talking
        | point - given the fact that there is no evidence it ever
        | happened in the first place.
 
        | bob33212 wrote:
        | I never suggested this was tulip mania. Nice strawman
        | there.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | ...that is why you were congratulated. Nice reading
        | comprehension there. I've had this exact conversation at
        | least a dozen times over the years, it is formulaic.
        | There is always a claim of some kind of nonsensical
        | fraud, after that unravels then it turns to speculation
        | about mass delusion, and it usually ends with political
        | appeal/slander and "we live in a society!" Every year
        | there are positive developments and evidence of wider
        | interest, but the opposition's script has remained
        | unchanged. I got into it with a tech reporter a while ago
        | who was obviously very emotionally invested in bitcoin
        | being a fad/scam/bubble, after searching archives of his
        | timeline I understood why: he had been predicting
        | bitcoin's demise, very confidently and regularly, since
        | back when it was trading at $130. Every year it gets
        | funnier.
 
        | bob33212 wrote:
        | I never said there wasn't wider interest. I said the
        | opposite, I said that the enthusiasts are activity
        | looking to expand the number of people investing.
        | 
        | If you want to talk about previous conversations around
        | this, the ones I have had always end in people believing
        | that decentralization or cryptography are magical words
        | that solve all kinds of problems without creating new
        | ones. I have never invested in currency so the price
        | doesn't matter to me. I assume it will go up proportional
        | to the number of people that can be convinced to invest.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | > > BTC is a pump and dump play.
        | 
        | > > ..."bitcoin evangelists" and are recruiting more
        | people into the network to get the price to go up.
        | Classic Ponzi scheme.
        | 
        | > > ...this doesn't perfectly fit with existing
        | definitions of other scams.
        | 
        | > I said that the enthusiasts are activity looking to
        | expand the number of people investing.
        | 
        | I wonder. Are you aware of how far your characterization
        | of the situation has shifted within the same thread?
        | 
        | evangelist -> enthusiast
        | 
        | recruiting -> expanding
        | 
        | Ponzi scheme/scam -> investment
        | 
        | Have you changed your position, or simply softened your
        | language as a result of finding your position
        | indefensible? If the former, congrats; if the latter,
        | maybe think on that a little more.
        | 
        | > ...always end in people believing that decentralization
        | or cryptography are magical words...
        | 
        | Well, you claimed earlier that off chain transactions
        | were functionally equivalent, from the perspective of the
        | money transfer service, to credit cards. When challenged,
        | you adjusted that to debit cards - which is also not even
        | close to being true. Even if you were talking about it
        | from the perspective of the end user, or merchant, you'd
        | still be very wrong. So you clearly don't know much about
        | the stuff you've expressed strong opinions on, and that
        | means your estimates of others' opinions on the same
        | carry no weight.
        | 
        | > ...the price doesn't matter to me.
        | 
        | You might want that to be true, but it rarely works out
        | that way. Opportunity cost can do funny things to people,
        | like compel them to construct elaborate coping mechanisms
        | in defense of their ego. Sometimes that looks like a
        | confidently stated, but ill-informed, opinion that
        | crumbles in the face of any pushback. Like I said, I've
        | been here a long time and I've seen it all. There is one
        | guy I worked with years ago who asked me about bitcoin
        | but took no action. I only pay attention to the price
        | toward the end of the year, when working on taxes. But
        | without fail if I get a call from him then I know that
        | bitcoin has just had a major selloff. The funny thing is
        | that he is totally unaware of the behavior, it isn't as
        | if he aggressively gloats - but he always brings up
        | bitcoin, and then I don't hear from him again until the
        | next selloff.
 
        | tal8d wrote:
        | I don't follow the day to day, and it has been years
        | since I contributed any code, but a quick peek at the
        | lightning network stats makes me think that everything is
        | fine. Good organic growth, with over 1000 BTC presently
        | in flight. A lot of people seemed to be under the
        | impression that the off chain networks would take center
        | stage, and the blockchain would quietly power it from
        | behind the scenes - but I'm pretty sure the direct
        | opposite will occur. As far as why there hasn't been an
        | explosion in network activity: I guess there isn't enough
        | pressure. Every so often there is a spike that gets
        | people up in arms, then it quiets down and they forget.
        | Larger wallets will eventually start moving transactions
        | off chain, but they've obviously got as much enthusiasm
        | about it as they did in updating their backends to take
        | advantage of space saving changes in the protocol. But
        | once its done, its done.
        | 
        | https://bitcoinvisuals.com/ln-capacity
 
    | mj4m1n wrote:
    | For many BTC enthusiasts the store of value narrative has
    | been in place for a very long time.
    | 
    | "I see Bitcoin as ultimately becoming a reserve currency for
    | banks, playing much the same role as gold did in the early
    | days of banking. Banks could issue digital cash with greater
    | anonymity and lighter weight, more efficient transactions." -
    | Hal Finney (2010)
 
      | Igelau wrote:
      | > Banks could issue digital cash _with greater anonymity_
      | 
      | Why would (a) my bank want to do this, and (b) why would I
      | want my bank to do this?
 
        | mj4m1n wrote:
        | The point here is that bitcoin is incredibly transparent,
        | which on one level one may welcome, but on another
        | certainly not.
        | 
        | (a) providing cash level privacy to customers, which (b)
        | they should probably value more than they do.
 
        | inter_netuser wrote:
        | just post all your financial statements on the web for
        | everyone to see.
        | 
        | you've got nothing to hide, right?
 
      | Grustaf wrote:
      | Now I'm confused. Bitcoin is not lighter weight than
      | existing digital cash. It's not really lighter weight than
      | anything. Well, possibly the large hadron collider consumes
      | more, I don't know.
 
        | jcbrand wrote:
        | There is no such thing as digital cash outside of
        | cryptocurrencies.
        | 
        | The money in your bank account is a liability of the
        | bank, it's not cash.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | You can go through life without ever using physical cash.
        | You get paid digitally, you buy groceries digitally. You
        | even borrow money for a house digitally.
        | 
        | The thing you transact with is digital, liquid and
        | fungible. In what sense is it not cash?
 
        | mj4m1n wrote:
        | All those transactions are reversible at any point with a
        | flip of a bit (or two).
        | 
        | If you receive physical cash, it's in your control.
        | 
        | Now if only that cash could not be inflated as much as it
        | can.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | I don't think any common definition of cash includes the
        | idea that payments are "irreversible". I don't even see
        | why this is so important. If someone pays me physical
        | cash by mistake they have legal recourse to get it back.
        | It's not finder's keepers.
 
    | onion2k wrote:
    | _It won 't_
    | 
    | It won't _for small transactions_. Buying a car or a house
    | with BTC could still be viable in the future.
 
      | gambiting wrote:
      | I still don't see how. When we bought our house in the UK I
      | sent the entire transfer from my phone, paid 0 fee, and it
      | arrived 30 seconds later. Why would I use bitcoin for it?
 
        | lkbm wrote:
        | Meanwhile, if I want to donate over $25,000 to charity in
        | the US, I have to go into the bank (in person even during
        | the pandemic) spend half an hour while they fill out
        | forms, pay a $12 fee (still negligible, granted), and
        | they'll process it within 12 hours.
        | 
        | Bitcoin might not be as good as the UK, but you have to
        | understand that the consumer US financial system remains
        | stuck in the 1980s.
 
        | jefftk wrote:
        | _> if I want to donate over $25,000 to charity in the US,
        | I have to go into the bank (in person even during the
        | pandemic) spend half an hour while they fill out forms,
        | pay a $12 fee (still negligible, granted), and they 'll
        | process it within 12 hours._
        | 
        | You can do it from home for a negligible fee ($0-$3) if
        | you're ok with ACH instead.
        | 
        | (Same-day ACH has a max of $100k, though it used to be
        | $25k. Next-day ACH is something like $100M, though your
        | bank likely has a lower limit.)
 
        | leesalminen wrote:
        | I'm currently buying a house internationally.
        | International wire transfers take multiple days and I
        | have to produce all sorts of documents for the receiving
        | country's government showing the source of the money.
        | It's an annoying and lengthy process. I'd much rather
        | send BTC to a wallet than this.
 
        | gambiting wrote:
        | No they don't? I frequently send large(about PS50k/month)
        | amounts of money between one EU country and UK, we always
        | pay extra(50 euro) to have the transfer done as an
        | express transfer and the money arrives within 60 minutes
        | in the UK bank. Or if you don't mind doing a SEPA
        | transfer then it's 15 minutes. And no, I was never asked
        | to prove any source of anything, it's an invoice payment,
        | it goes straight through.
        | 
        | Maybe by "international" you mean something else, but at
        | least in the EU(and EEA and UK) transfers can be
        | incredibly quick.
 
        | sneak wrote:
        | 14x more people live outside of SEPA than live within it.
 
        | gambiting wrote:
        | And it's the biggest(by operating revenue) market in the
        | world, what's your point?
 
        | sneak wrote:
        | Apologies, I thought I was being clear. A payment system
        | that lets people transfer unlimited amounts of value to
        | 14x more people than SEPA (presuming internet access),
        | without censorship, irreversibly, and effectively for
        | free, has, it seems to me, substantial value.
        | 
        | Even if it's less useful than, say, access to SEPA, it'd
        | have to be 14x less valuable to break even (again,
        | presuming internet access available to everyone, which
        | isn't a thing yet).
 
        | Hamuko wrote:
        | Does the SEPA network use >1.0 Argentina worth of
        | electricity to operate?
 
        | JackFr wrote:
        | > irreversibly
        | 
        | People think that's a feature until they don't.
 
        | JackFr wrote:
        | Ummm, I've seen a lot of movies and international wire
        | transfers are not like that at all. Basically one click
        | and they're instantaneous.
        | 
        | Well, almost -- they do always feature cool progress bars
        | as the money is transferred.
 
        | corford wrote:
        | >International wire transfers take multiple days
        | 
        | Not in the EU they don't. A SEPA transfer takes max 1
        | business day and is usually free. More info:
        | https://www.gbm.hsbc.com/solutions/global-liquidity-and-
        | cash...
 
        | picks_at_nits wrote:
        | If you are buying and selling real estate in a
        | functioning jurisdiction, hiding your identity by making
        | the payment opaque is not going to do much for you.
        | 
        | There are title deeds and tax rolls. In many
        | jurisdictions you have obligations like building codes
        | that need to be inspected and an owner needs to be held
        | to account. If you need privacy, you have to set up shell
        | companies to act as the legal owner, not hide the payment
        | from your bank or government.
        | 
        | Speaking of showing the source of the money, if you
        | bought my house from me with bitcoin, I would have to
        | speak to a lawyer about not running afoul of money-
        | laundering regulations. And no, I won't take the
        | internet's word for it that somehow, those laws only
        | pertain to fiat currency.
        | 
        | Something tells me that the cost of fighting my
        | government in court would far exceed the value of my home
        | regardless of whether I was technically in the right not
        | to fill out all those same forms.
 
        | Hamuko wrote:
        | Are you saying that if you were buying a house with
        | Bitcoin that the government wouldn't want to see where
        | the money is sourced from?
 
        | nannal wrote:
        | It would be easier, this TX came from my work's hotwallet
        | & this one was part of my inheritance, you can see these
        | TXs where that address sent to the tax authority assuring
        | all tax has been paid as opposed to being passed around a
        | call centre to talk to "Bob" so the bank can provide
        | those details.
 
        | gambiting wrote:
        | So......exactly the same way it works with a bank
        | nowadays? When I did it it was just a printed statement
        | from my bank(that I printed myself), showing money
        | arriving from X account, Y amount paid for tax, document
        | from solicitor confirming inheritence, 3 copies of my
        | payslip, done. How exactly is that easier with bitcoin?
 
        | alisonkisk wrote:
        | Bitcoin is useful for evading the law, but of course
        | there had a host of other issues and risks.
 
        | Twisell wrote:
        | Like finding out that the house is actually not yours
        | after landing in a foreign country and having spend you
        | life saving on a BTC transaction.
        | 
        | Big issues, big risks, but maybe you have big balls
        | too... I personally don't feel so self assured about
        | myself.
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | jcranmer wrote:
        | The main reason for a lot of that documentation is know
        | your customer/anti-money-laundering laws. Even if you
        | were sending BTC, you would still have to provide that
        | documentation to not break the law.
 
        | gsich wrote:
        | Maybe you don't want your bank to know.
 
        | rvx80 wrote:
        | You can't just buy a house with a suitcase full of cash
        | these days, it's not possible. The gov will be asking
        | where that money came from, to prevent money laundering
        | and to ensure it's not proceeds of crime. Whether not you
        | agree with that, this is the situation.
        | 
        | The idea that somehow they'll let you buy something with
        | Bitcoin without requiring the same level of disclosure is
        | a complete fantasy.
 
        | gambiting wrote:
        | While I think technically there isn't anything stopping
        | you from buying a house with hard cash in the UK, I very
        | much doubt that either side's solicitor would agree to it
        | without extensive documentation as to where how and when
        | you got that cash.
 
        | rvx80 wrote:
        | Yes, for clarity I meant to say "you can't just buy a
        | house with a suitcase full of cash and no explanation of
        | where it came from".
        | 
        | I'm sure it's possible, although almost certainly very
        | much not really liked by your solicitor!
 
        | riffraff wrote:
        | > You can't just buy a house with a suitcase full of cash
        | these days, it's not possible
        | 
        | I must point out I know a couple people who did that in
        | Hungary in the last ten years, just because it seemed
        | absolutely insane to me (cheques don't exist here,
        | either..).
        | 
        | I am reasonably sure this isn't that common though, and
        | the government still tracks the transaction :)
 
        | XorNot wrote:
        | I mean the only reason you own a house is because the
        | government tracks the transaction.
 
        | Hamuko wrote:
        | For what reason?
 
        | gsich wrote:
        | Any reason.
 
        | Hamuko wrote:
        | Like what? For what reason would one not want their bank
        | to know that they have a house?
 
        | gsich wrote:
        | The reason is "any reason". A wildcard.
        | 
        | "I don't want them to know." is therefore a valid reason.
 
        | inter_netuser wrote:
        | banks in the UK are operating a charity? someone pays for
        | all those skyscrapers.
 
        | gambiting wrote:
        | Well I mean, clearly they make their money elsewhere. I
        | don't pay anything for having an account, debit card for
        | it, or for making any transfers - that's with barclays.
        | So their entire money making process is elsewhere.
 
      | mschip wrote:
      | In what way? As in financiers will pay with BTC? I don't
      | know many people who pay for their cars or houses in one
      | payment. Or is the suggestion that scheduled recurring
      | monthly payments are viable?
 
        | rjsw wrote:
        | Paying for cars with one payment is fairly common, I just
        | used my debit card for my current one.
 
        | alisonkisk wrote:
        | Poor people don't. Many rich people do.
 
      | bob33212 wrote:
      | I want Banks and Regulators involved when I buy a house. I
      | understand that these 3rd parties can make things take
      | longer or add extra fees, but that gives me legal
      | protections I don't get with bitcoin.
 
    | HashBasher wrote:
    | It will. Via second and third layers. It'll scale just fine.
    | An example second layer that you can use right now is the
    | lightning network https://lightning.network/
 
      | Nursie wrote:
      | Lightning is a joke, with insoluble routing problems, a
      | need for always-on nodes, the requirement to lock funds in
      | channels, and the requirement for on-chain transactions to
      | start and close channels. The BTC network can't process
      | enough transactions to make even that viable.
 
        | gruez wrote:
        | >with insoluble routing problems
        | 
        | can you elaborate on this?
        | 
        | >a need for always-on nodes
        | 
        | AFAIK if you're not a payment hub (ie. you want to route
        | other people's payments) you don't need to be always
        | online.
 
        | Nursie wrote:
        | > can you elaborate on this?
        | 
        | Haviong trouble finding it now, but google "lightning
        | network routing problems" and you'll get a _lot_ of
        | results. IIRC the fundamental issue boils down to a hard
        | mathematical problem about node traversal that is not yet
        | solved. I am having trouble recalling the name right now,
        | apologies.
        | 
        | > AFAIK if you're not a payment hub (ie. you want to
        | route other people's payments) you don't need to be
        | always online.
        | 
        | There have been ways that a counterparty can close a
        | channel in their favour if you aren't online. Perhaps
        | this has been fixed by now.
 
        | gruez wrote:
        | >There have been ways that a counterparty can close a
        | channel in their favour if you aren't online. Perhaps
        | this has been fixed by now.
        | 
        | AFAIK the fix is to have a service (or multiple) stay
        | online for you, and I believe it could be done without
        | requiring access to your private keys. If your
        | counterparty broadcasts a stale transaction that's in
        | their favor, your service will broadcast a newer
        | transaction that reverts it.
 
      | bwood wrote:
      | I was hoping that link would explain how to actually make a
      | transaction with the lightning network. Can you do that
      | with the Bitcoin-Qt client?
 
  | nannal wrote:
  | A transaction takes ~10 minutes, to ensure that the block which
  | the transaction is included in isn't orphaned some services
  | institute a 6 block waiting period to ensure the transaction is
  | stable. Should the block be orphaned, the transaction will re-
  | enter the mempool on all hosts who'd confirmed the block and
  | should be included in a subsequent block.
  | 
  | The transaction cost depends on the size of the transaction and
  | the congestion in the mempool, the cost can be set by any
  | sender depending on the urgency of the transaction.
 
  | daptaq wrote:
  | > how will Bitcoin become a usable currency
  | 
  | It won't, it's just a speculative asset.
 
    | doomroot wrote:
    | I can send Bitcoin for free, instantly, trustlessly.
 
      | shlant wrote:
      | you can be a proponent of bitcoin without stating such
      | blatant lies...
 
      | oakpond wrote:
      | It's not entirely trustless. You trust the security of the
      | system.
 
      | miked85 wrote:
      | You are one for three.
 
      | Cthulhu_ wrote:
      | Bitcoin has nearly $20 transaction fees (https://ycharts.co
      | m/indicators/bitcoin_average_transaction_f...) and it takes
      | at least 10 minutes for a transfer to be confirmed
      | (https://www.blockchain.com/charts/median-confirmation-
      | time).
 
        | reedf1 wrote:
        | I find this data fascinating - partly because I don't
        | understand it. I regularly send bitcoin and, as far as I
        | can tell, have never spent more than a tiny
        | (unquantifiable in fiat, as in much less than a cent)
        | amount on transaction fees. Can anyone more savvy chime
        | in on the discontinuity here?
 
        | derivagral wrote:
        | Not an expert, but I did make my own erc20 once.
        | 
        | Are you sending it over the network, or to someone else
        | within a website? (eg: binance, coinbase; doesn't need to
        | be an exchange)
        | 
        | Do you track your transactions later? Do they get
        | confirmed? How many confirmations does a website need to
        | count it? How long does that take?
        | 
        | I would expect a low-fee transaction to eventually either
        | expire or go through. I don't know what timeframe that
        | might take: higher fee typically means higher priority as
        | I've understood it. I can't imagine it'd keep your $ in
        | limbo forever, but who knows. If you haven't used it in a
        | long time, I understand that the network is much more
        | congested these days.
 
    | mj4m1n wrote:
    | Money is a speculative asset.
 
      | knorker wrote:
      | Sure. Backed by the government who has the legal monopoly
      | of use of force. And an army.
      | 
      | So... there's that.
 
        | charcircuit wrote:
        | Are you suggesting the government could set the value of
        | their currency by using force?
 
        | knorker wrote:
        | I'm saying that if a country's currency stops being
        | accepted as the main means of exchange within its borders
        | then its government will use laws to restore that.
        | 
        | And if laws are not obeyed that's a police matter.
        | 
        | Concretely if stores stop taking fiat, and only
        | cryptocurrency, to the point where it affects the
        | economy, then you should expect laws preventing that. If
        | that doesn't help then you should expect to see arrests
        | happening.
        | 
        | Governments have the legal and physical ability to
        | enforce monetary policy. Bitcoin nuts who say that "fiat
        | currency is backed by nothing" are delusional. Several
        | currencies are ultimately backed by nuclear weapons.
        | 
        | So in other words cryptocurrencies are only allowed to
        | the extent that they _don 't_ overthrow the whole system.
        | And overthrowing the whole system was the whole point,
        | right? (well, that and buy heroin and make ransomware)
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | How is it backing? What does the government guarantee in
        | exchange for $1USD (or some other amount)?
        | 
        | The government issues USD, it doesn't back it.
 
        | knorker wrote:
        | In addition to what I wrote at
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26090146 :
        | 
        | The government implicitly guarantees that the USD can be
        | used to purchase goods and services. Take a dollar bill.
        | It has "For all debts, public and private". This is a
        | guarantee by the government. If the USD gets outcompeted
        | in the US, then that would make the government a liar,
        | and thus it would use its power to make that not happen.
        | 
        | The government guarantees the value of fiat USD. The
        | government has congress, police, military and nuclear
        | weapons to back that guarantee.
        | 
        | Not only is it a "promise" by the government. It's also
        | in its best interest to maintain control of monetary
        | policy.
        | 
        | And also the people want it, so...
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | > The government implicitly guarantees that the USD can
        | be used to purchase goods and services.
        | 
        | That's not backing, there's nothing that the government
        | guarantees I am able to exchange for $1.
        | 
        | > Take a dollar bill. It has "For all debts, public and
        | private".
        | 
        | That has a long list of exceptions. But regardless,
        | that's not backing.
        | 
        | > The government guarantees the value of fiat USD.
        | 
        | No it doesn't, the value of USD fluctuates every minute,
        | and goes down significantly over time.
        | 
        | Once upon a time you could take your dollars to the
        | government and exchange it for a fixed amount of gold.
        | That was backing.
 
        | knorker wrote:
        | Do you disagree about what would happen if the USD would
        | be at risk of being outcompeted inside the US, or are you
        | just arguing semantics with no connection to the real
        | world?
        | 
        | (serious honest question)
        | 
        | The US government _DOES_ guarantee that the USD has
        | value. It 's not something that they cannot fail at, but
        | they do guarantee it. Cryptocurrency has no guarantee _at
        | all_ that it has value.
        | 
        | If your definition of "backing" is that you are
        | guaranteed to be able to exchange it for something else,
        | then cryptocurrency is truly backed by nothing, making
        | the statement "backed by math" commonly used by bitcoin
        | nerds complete nonsense.
 
      | analog31 wrote:
      | Money is a technology, that's all. A technology can be
      | developed and maintained to serve a specific purpose. It
      | happens that major government money systems have been
      | managed to serve purposes such as: Temporary store of
      | value, convenient medium of exchange, and instrument of
      | economic policy.
      | 
      | Like any technology, it works or it doesn't, and people
      | will use the one that works the best for them if they have
      | a choice. For instance people in some countries use their
      | local currency for daily purchases, but store their wealth
      | in instruments that are valued in dollars, euro's, etc.
      | Some people will break the laws of their own countries to
      | lay their hands on those dollars or euro's.
      | 
      | Money is speculative inasmuch as its value is still
      | relative to other things such as stocks, gold, and
      | bitcoins. Holding dollars instead of gold on any given day
      | is a speculation. In a relatively free economy, there's no
      | such thing as opting out of speculation.
      | 
      | Bitcoins are unique inasmuch as they are designed to exist
      | without any deliberate purpose being imposed on them. The
      | only way a government can manipulate the value of bitcoins,
      | that I can think of, is to subsidize the electricity for
      | bitcoin mining.
 
      | Cthulhu_ wrote:
      | True, but there's a bajillion checks and balances to
      | stabilize the value of it, no such thing for bitcoin. I
      | mean mtgox bought virtual btc to drive up the price. Tether
      | is a money printer created to push real money into btc. And
      | it's quite telling that nobody's talked about BTC on its
      | own since 2012, it's always been in relation to the USD.
 
      | svrtknst wrote:
      | yeah, but also a usable currency
 
  | markyc wrote:
  | that ship has sailed long ago. it is now seen as a replacement
  | for gold and a hedge against inflation
 
    | base698 wrote:
    | It was always a hedge on inflation. The genesis block
    | message: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/genesis-
    | block.asp
    | 
    | Nakamoto instilled within the Block's raw data: "The Times
    | 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks."
 
      | altcognito wrote:
      | So basically the entire premise is undermining confidence
      | in the existing system of capitalism and Democracy.
      | 
      | "Your money isn't safe in banks", and a healthy dose of
      | making it easier to launder money.
 
        | nlitened wrote:
        | Bailout for banks has nothing to do with either
        | capitalism or democracy, as far as I understand.
 
        | jerry1979 wrote:
        | Capitalist democracies produced the bailouts. Or maybe
        | bread lines have nothing to do with authoritarian
        | communism?
 
        | pandeiro wrote:
        | Pretty sure the existing system of capitalism and
        | Democracy is undermining confidence in itself.
        | 
        | Bitcoin just provides a hedge.
 
  | dcolkitt wrote:
  | I have no position in Bitcoin, but isn't it possible for "BTC
  | scrip" to be the money used day to day. With actual blockchain
  | transactions just being used to aggregate at the institutional
  | level?
  | 
  | This is pretty much the way money worked in the 19th century,
  | just with gold instead of BTC. Nobody physically carried or
  | transferred gold to buy a beer. They just used bank notes that
  | were backed by a trusted intermediary holding the physical
  | asset. It might make sense for a bank, or even a very wealthy
  | person, to pay the cost of physically transferring the hard
  | asset. But most just used IOUs that were backed by the
  | underlying hard asset.
 
    | UncleMeat wrote:
    | It could, but why? The two things that BTC grants are
    | trustlessness and the inability to enact fiscal policy. If
    | BTC just becomes the backing for institutions, trustlessness
    | is gone. So then it is a question of whether a backing unit
    | that supports fiscal policy is better than one that doesn't.
    | I think I know what institutions would prefer.
 
    | oliwarner wrote:
    | You're talking about a BTC bearer bond. Isn't that just what
    | cash used to be? You've gone full circle.
 
  | ulzeraj wrote:
  | Off chain through Liquid or Lighting networks.
 
    | joeblau wrote:
    | The funny thing is that there is 117x more Bitcoin on Layer 2
    | ETH in WBTC[1] than in the lighting network[2].
    | $5,793,513,475.00 // WBTC (Bitcoin on Ethereum)
    | $49,173,964.59 // Lightning
    | 
    | [1] - https://wbtc.network/dashboard/order-book
    | 
    | [2] - https://1ml.com/statistics
 
      | gruez wrote:
      | That's not surprising if you consider that tokenized BTC is
      | often used for collateral in difi.
 
        | joeblau wrote:
        | _used where it 's useful ;)_
 
  | mettamage wrote:
  | IMO it isn't. However, I do see a huge for sending large
  | transactions. In that sense, I don't find it too crazy that
  | Tesla is accepting Bitcoin, because buying a Tesla is a large
  | transaction.
  | 
  | IMO a niche use though.
 
    | alisonkisk wrote:
    | I can't see Tesla BTC as anything more than a marketing
    | gimmick for their computer geek clientele and fan base. Even
    | if it's a logistical disaster, they probably make it back in
    | _stock purchases_ from true believers.
 
      | ashish1521 wrote:
      | Tesla tested the waters with Elon's tweets and it shook the
      | Bitcoin and sent it to all time highs, then Tesla bought
      | large amount of Bitcoin and now the market exploded even
      | further. It is a marketing gimmick, true, but it is making
      | Bitcoin more volatile and unstable, while Tesla hoards more
      | money from Bitcoin!
 
    | robjan wrote:
    | If Bitcoin is the future and an antidote to the alleged
    | extreme inflation of the US dollar, it makes more sense to
    | buy the Tesla in fiat
 
    | sheeshkebab wrote:
    | I think accepting Bitcoin as payment was tried before - it
    | never worked since people buying it are either not selling
    | (and using to store cash that keeps on growing), or buying it
    | for speculative purposes via secondary instruments (gbtc,
    | ethe).
    | 
    | Not really sure what's point is for Tesla but my guess its
    | speculative for them, with an attempt to get some additional
    | value on cash they are starting to swim in now...
 
      | [deleted]
 
      | maclured wrote:
      | > Not really sure what's point is for Tesla
      | 
      | Speculation and free marketing I expect
 
    | kgwgk wrote:
    | Tesla isn't accepting Bitcoin.
 
  | lynndotpy wrote:
  | In theory, "lightning networks", which are basically a network
  | of open transactions across wealthy, participating nodes (e.g.
  | banks and exchanges.) A lot of smaller transactions can
  | piggyback on the larger transactions basically for free.
  | 
  | I don't think these are widely used in practice yet, but I
  | might be wrong.
 
    | kaba0 wrote:
    | Isn't that the point of Corda?
 
| tomxor wrote:
| A maximum of 178 things on the planet can consume >= to the
| electricity of Bitcoin.
| 
| 99.44%/0.56% = ~178 (according to their estimate of 0.56% global
| use). So for the many comments invoking rhetorical comparisons:
| Bitcoin mining value per watt can be compared to no more than 178
| things on Earth. Are we really saying there are only possibly 178
| better uses for global energy than doing double SHA2 for no
| material value?
| 
| Bitcoin is wasteful.
 
| donutloop wrote:
| Fight the bitcoin climate crisis:
| https://senatusspqr.medium.com/fight-the-climate-crisis-usen...
 
| janoside wrote:
| Nic Carter's rebuttal to a Bloomberg comparison between
| Bitcoin/Visa, including assessments of total and per/transaction
| energy usage:
| 
| "First of all, Bitcoin and Visa are fundamentally different
| systems. Bitcoin is a complete, self-contained monetary
| settlement system; Visa transactions are non-final credit
| transactions that rely on external underlying settlement rails.
| Visa relies on ACH, Fedwire, SWIFT, the global correspondent
| banking system, the Federal Reserve and, of course, the military
| and diplomatic strength of the U.S. government to ensure all of
| the above are working smoothly.
| 
| Any energy comparison must take the above into account -
| including the externalities from the extraction of oil, which
| implicitly backs the dollar. As those who make this comparison
| inevitably fail to mention, the dollar's ubiquity is partly due
| to a covert arrangement whereby the U.S. provides military
| support to countries like Saudi Arabia that agree to sell oil
| exclusively for dollars. It's worth noting that the grossly
| oversized U.S. military, whose presence worldwide is necessary to
| backstop the international dollar system, is the largest single
| consumer of oil worldwide."
| 
| https://www.coindesk.com/what-bloomberg-gets-wrong-about-bit...
 
  | imhoguy wrote:
  | Ok here is a puzzle: is there any electricity provider who
  | accepts BTC?
  | 
  | BTC runs on fiat money.
 
  | mdoms wrote:
  | On the other hand Visa actually works for its intended purpose.
 
    | Gibbon1 wrote:
    | And Bitcoin is a paper asset backed by absolutely nothing.
 
      | splintercell wrote:
      | Bitcoin is a global settlement layer. it is not a
      | representation of something else, it's the final product on
      | its own.
      | 
      | You're not going to say that in a prison system cigarettes
      | are not backed by anything for them to be used as a
      | currency.
 
        | Gibbon1 wrote:
        | I take my comment back. Bitcoin is backed by 'the market
        | can stay delusional longer than you can stay solvent'
 
        | midasuni wrote:
        | You can say that about any currency. An 80 year old
        | billionaire still needs someone to care for him, just
        | like an 80 year old pauper. He relies on the hope that
        | his dollars will be accepted, to look after his medical
        | and care needs as well as security and ownership needs.
 
  | Aunche wrote:
  | The first paragraph is a fair consideration. The second is a
  | complete stretch. It's not as if America would suddenly stop
  | providing military support to Saudi Arabia if we suddenly
  | switched to bitcoin. An America that historically used Bitcoin
  | would be even more incentivized to "secure" fossil fuel
  | nations.
 
    | nostrademons wrote:
    | Take a look at OPEC companies that have priced oil in other
    | currencies:
    | 
    | Iraq started pricing oil in euros in 1999:
    | 
    | https://www.theglobalist.com/iraq-the-dollar-and-the-euro-5/
    | 
    | Iran started pricing oil in yuan in 2012:
    | 
    | https://www.bbc.com/news/business-17988142
    | 
    | What's our geopolitical relationship with Iraq and Iran now?
 
      | totalZero wrote:
      | The first Gulf War began in 1990, and the Iranian
      | Revolution took place in 1979. The causality may well have
      | taken place in the reverse of what you suggest.
 
        | notahacker wrote:
        | Yep. You'd think if the reason the US restarted their war
        | with Iraq was using Euros as a reserve currency, they
        | might have made a bit more fuss about those pesky
        | Europeans creating the Euro with the explicit goal of
        | being a global reserve currency a few years earlier...
 
      | randomopining wrote:
      | So they changed their pricing currency and _then_ we became
      | enemies? Or we were enemies, and they changed their pricing
      | currency because of that... lol
 
    | Animats wrote:
    | _It 's not as if America would suddenly stop providing
    | military support to Saudi Arabia if we suddenly switched to
    | bitcoin._
    | 
    | No, but now that the US is a net petroleum exporter, puling
    | the plug on the whole Middle East is a real possibility.
 
    | johnyzee wrote:
    | I think it is a very worthwhile observation, that existing,
    | comparable systems also have massive 'externalities', only
    | they aren't measured in kwH.
 
      | totalZero wrote:
      | That is a general defense of the form of the statement, but
      | not a defense of the statement itself.
      | 
      | The dollar is not the largest cause of perpetual US
      | entanglement in the Middle East. Oil dependency, on the
      | other hand, may be.
 
        | njarboe wrote:
        | Amazingly, due to fracking mostly in west Texas, the US
        | is now a net oil producer. We should really change our
        | Mid-East foreign policy to reflect that fact.
 
    | roenxi wrote:
    | If the Saudis started selling oil in bitcoin they'd probably
    | lose their military support and/or be overthrown.
    | 
    | It is difficult to justify why the US is providing militarily
    | support to the Saudis without invoking oil and dollars. They
    | are a pretty shady regime and not the sort of people the US
    | wants to be supporting. And the Saudis don't seem to be
    | trading with America as much as China [0, 1].
    | 
    | [0] https://tradingeconomics.com/saudi-arabia/exports-by-
    | country
    | 
    | [1] https://tradingeconomics.com/saudi-arabia/imports-by-
    | country
 
  | endless1234 wrote:
  | Would the need for oil and military go away were we to switch
  | to using bitcoin for everything? Why are those coupled to the
  | dollar's energy usage?
 
    | DickingAround wrote:
    | You still need to use oil, but you don't have to use dollars.
    | The support for dollars relies on a lot of things including
    | the government and thus the military, which are big costs and
    | oil consumes. If the dollar didn't rely on the military power
    | of the US, why is the Bretton Woods meeting and the post war
    | monetary policy so important to it's dominance (something
    | practically no one disputes)? Why is it that the US seems to
    | care so much about pricing oil in dollars? You don't need a
    | tinfoil hat (as other comments suggest) to notice the US
    | government has a strong interest in everyone using our
    | currency and that where the gov has a strong interest, it
    | also uses it's guns.
 
    | lucisferre wrote:
    | Seems to depend on how well your tinfoil hat fits.
 
  | jayd16 wrote:
  | Ask yourself which of those things would go away if BTC
  | replaced Visa. Only then should it count towards the cost.
  | 
  | Somehow I doubt BTC would lower military spending.
 
  | choward wrote:
  | > including the externalities from the extraction of oil, which
  | implicitly backs the dollar
  | 
  | This isn't true. Internationally the thing that backs the
  | dollar is the U.S. economy. People know they can spend dollars
  | to get anything they need. Domestically what drives the dollar
  | is that it's the only way you can pay taxes.
  | 
  | I suppose you could say that oil is used to defend the U.S.
  | economy but that's a stretch.
 
    | loveistheanswer wrote:
    | >>including the externalities from the extraction of oil,
    | which implicitly backs the dollar
    | 
    | >This isn't true.
    | 
    | Basic economics and the law of supply and demand says that it
    | is true.
    | 
    | >when demand increases and supply remains the same, the
    | higher demand leads to a higher equilibrium price and vice
    | versa.
    | 
    | https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/033115/how-does-
    | law...
 
  | rspeele wrote:
  | Bitcoin fans when you complain that transactions are expensive,
  | slow, and always irreversible:
  | 
  | "Bitcoin isn't a replacement for Visa or for your checking
  | account. It's a store of value. It's not for day-to-day
  | purchases."
  | 
  | Bitcoin fans when you complain that Bitcoin is massively
  | wasteful:
  | 
  | "If you compare it to every cost that can be attributed to the
  | existing financial system as a whole, including military
  | spending, it's cheap."
 
    | justicezyx wrote:
    | Please provide meaningful evidences for these claims?
    | 
    | I might be in a bubble, but it seems my intake of bitcoin
    | information is balanced enough that most things are not this
    | polarized.
 
  | Capira wrote:
  | This nails it!
 
| baxtr wrote:
| Ok, I have to admit that I am one of those people who knew about
| BTC very, very early but never bought any. Now, of course I
| should have mined at least 100 back in the days, but anyways.
| 
| The reason I have never mined nor bought into it is that I still,
| to this day struggle to come up with a real reason to do so.
| 
| Am I getting too old? Do I not see the "huge potential" what it
| may become? Don't I want to get freaking rich? I simply can't
| answer what BTCs and other crypto coins are actually good for.
| Can someone help me out here?
 
  | throwaway5752 wrote:
  | No, I agree with you completely. I have missed the whole thing,
  | from $100 up. So a bit later than you, but I have the same
  | questions and some more about viability.
 
  | josalhor wrote:
  | I see a huge potential in cryptocurrencies, just not in Bitcoin
  | per se. I can totally see the European Central Bank controlling
  | some kind of CryptoEuro that is tied to the real euro and
  | allows individuals to make transactions without banks.
  | 
  | Banks would become an optional frontend on this transaction
  | system, with security features built-in, etc.
 
    | mikepurvis wrote:
    | I don't think most normal people see "without banks" as a
    | feature. Indeed, banks have already been peering with each
    | other on transaction-clearing since forever, and I don't
    | think it would take much for the EU to mandate a particular
    | set of common APIs and maybe some entry criteria that allow
    | increasingly smaller players access to the already-existing
    | framework.
    | 
    | All of this seems a lot easier and cheaper than bitcoin's
    | distributed ledger.
 
      | josalhor wrote:
      | > I don't think most normal people see "without banks" as a
      | feature.
      | 
      | The other day I walked into a shop where I couldn't pay by
      | card because the banks didn't provide the service to them.
      | Users don't see "without banks" as a feature, but
      | businesses will. It will reduce their fees and their
      | dependency to the whole industry.
 
        | mikepurvis wrote:
        | Fair, but how many small businesses who are unable or
        | unwilling to set up a payment terminal will be able to
        | maintain the infrastructure needed to participate in a
        | distributed consensus network?
        | 
        | There will still be an intermediary to whom the small
        | business will pay fees for a turnkey solution. And
        | absolutely those fees would be lower in a world where
        | anyone can participate and compete on them. But that's
        | definitely not the world we live in just yet, and even
        | if/when it arrives, I don't think anyone at the retail
        | level (either the consumer or the storefront) will have
        | an appreciably different experience from what they have
        | today.
        | 
        | EDIT: Just adding also, clearing times is the other huge
        | barrier. Obviously no retail environment can tolerate a
        | transaction delay of more than a few seconds, so the
        | other function of the intermediary would be to manage
        | that reality, by some combination of pre-clearing
        | transactions for customers who look safe (classical CC
        | fraud detection where de-anonymizing would be a key
        | component), or maybe a pre-paying scheme (which ends up
        | sounding a lot like a bank debit card).
 
    | xur17 wrote:
    | If you see something like the CryptoEuro taking off, doesn't
    | it naturally follow that there would be a cryptocurrency that
    | would take off that was global, and not issued by any
    | individual country?
 
      | IanCal wrote:
      | Not really. I would find a way of transferring "cash"
      | that's tied to my local currency far more useful on a day
      | to day basis than one that fluctuates when measured against
      | it.
      | 
      | Most people don't really need or want to take on foreign
      | exchange rate risks.
 
        | xur17 wrote:
        | To each their own.
 
  | wickoff wrote:
  | Can you really not find a single use for bitcoin?
  | 
  | Here is the most obvious one - true sovereignty over your
  | capital. When you have bitcoin, you have have physical
  | ownership of a digitally transferable asset. Not legal
  | ownership where a custodian ultimately decides whether you can
  | access it.
  | 
  | In theory nothing prevents individuals from carrying entire
  | national budgets as seed words in their heads.
  | 
  | You can argue ethics, legality but surely you have to
  | acknowledge the power it gives individuals.
 
    | nmfisher wrote:
    | > Here is the most obvious one - true sovereignty over your
    | capital. When you have bitcoin, you have have physical
    | ownership of a digitally transferable asset. Not legal
    | ownership where a custodian ultimately decides whether you
    | can access it.
    | 
    | This isn't really true though. At the end of the day, you're
    | always subject to the powers that be who will come knocking
    | on your door with guns if you stop paying your taxes. If they
    | criminalize BTC, stick you in jail, it won't really matter
    | that you have "physical ownership of a digitally transferable
    | asset". Ultimately there's always a custodian who decides
    | whether you can access it.
    | 
    | It might currently have some small benefits over traditional
    | currency (in terms of not needing to operate via the banking
    | system) but that doesn't mean it's somehow outside the
    | boundaries of traditional society.
 
    | kungito wrote:
    | Well, the owner of 51% of processing decides. It also has no
    | use if both parties aren't connected to the internet. Also,
    | you are in the truest sense not the owner of the bitcoins.
    | You are using the "ownership service" of the network. If the
    | network goes down, you lose access to the network (goverment
    | internet filtering) or the network gets taken over, you lose
    | everything. It's strictly worse than gold. The only downside
    | of gold compared to this is that gold has to be physically
    | stored somewhere
 
      | wickoff wrote:
      | If the owner of Bitcoin's 51% hashrate decides to take
      | anyone's coins, then Bitcoin and cryptocurrency in general
      | is over. They all go to 0. If that happens, then all of the
      | critics will be proven right.
      | 
      | Hasn't happened so far though because Bitcoin
      | disincentivizes this sort of behavior.
 
  | galfarragem wrote:
  | > I simply can't answer what BTCs and other crypto coins are
  | actually good for.
  | 
  | Getting rich quickly. It might be the largest Ponzi scheme
  | ever. I hope it's not..
 
  | axxxo93 wrote:
  | I appreciate an honest question. The negative sentiment around
  | crypto is a bit extreme imo. Bitcoin does have intrinsic value.
  | A trustless P2P payment network has value. Is POW flawed, yes.
  | This is a big reason why I prefer and hold Ethereum. Eth is
  | moving to POS which is vastly more efficient. It also has
  | additional programability in the form of smart contracts that
  | bitcoin does not have. Look into the DeFi space for further use
  | cases.
 
    | kgwgk wrote:
    | When even the people who says that Bitcoin has intrinsic
    | value prefer something else it's hard to buy the argument.
    | 
    | What's the intrinsic value of Bitcoin then? $10000? $100? $1?
 
      | marliechiller wrote:
      | whats the intrinsic value of anything. currency is just an
      | idea that a group of people all agree to abide by. I wont
      | accept French Francs for payment - 30 years ago they were
      | worth something - now people have agreed it should be
      | replaced by the Euro. there is nothing physically different
      | between the Frank and the Euro beyond the combined trust of
      | the group. BTC is just another example except it doesnt
      | have a physical existence
 
      | axxxo93 wrote:
      | > When even the people who says that Bitcoin has intrinsic
      | value prefer something else it's hard to buy the argument.
      | 
      | This argument doesn't make any sense. I prefer BTC over
      | gold. This does not negate the intrinsic value of gold in
      | any way.
 
        | jefftk wrote:
        | _> I prefer BTC over gold_
        | 
        | What does that mean? That if you had some amount of gold
        | you would sell it and buy bitcoin instead?
 
        | axxxo93 wrote:
        | Yes
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | I certainly would.
 
        | kgwgk wrote:
        | You're right, that wasn't a very good argument.
        | 
        | But the point is that saying that "it has intrinsic
        | value" doesn't really mean anything if one cannot even
        | given an order of magnitude of what it is.
        | 
        | I won't say that the price of gold is directly related to
        | its intrinsic value (there is no way to do "financial
        | valuation" on it) but the situation with bitcoin is even
        | worse. At least there are some industrial uses of gold
        | that can be used to assign an objective value to an ounce
        | of the metal.
 
        | axxxo93 wrote:
        | You're right. Calculating the intrinsic value of
        | something is hard if not impossible. However, I would
        | argue that global network that enables P2P transfer of a
        | scarce asset is quite valuable. Is it more valuable than
        | gold? Maybe. Only time will tell.
 
        | kgwgk wrote:
        | How many hundreds of global networks that enable P2P
        | transfer of scarce assets do we have by now, though?
 
  | arminiusreturns wrote:
  | I'll make it to the point since I was in on bitcoin back in the
  | cpu crunch days too:
  | 
  | 1. As a medium of exchange. This was what the global community,
  | and more particularly the techie community behind it wanted to
  | use it as. We wanted a quick way to exchange payment across the
  | globe without dealing with shitty companies like Paypal etc.
  | 
  | but at some point, it became instead
  | 
  | 2. A store of value. I'm not sure the order of effect on this,
  | but then rich people who had the ability to influence the
  | network effect started dumping real money into it, further
  | inflating the price. I theorized at one point the central banks
  | might have even participated on the dl, just because it's an
  | easy bet to hedge on if you can poof money from thin air like
  | they can.
  | 
  | I think #2 has completely overtaken it's use as #1, and due to
  | that and other factors, I expect a major collapse at some
  | inevitable but undetermined point in the future.
  | 
  | My personal evaluation and why I skipped bitcoin was because I
  | saw that it did not have privacy protections built in, which is
  | what the early coin community wanted (or so I thought). I kick
  | myself for not keeping a few blocks sometimes (at one point I
  | think I spent ~20 btc on a food order!), but oh well.
 
  | esotericn wrote:
  | You can send me money across the globe without a middleman or
  | anyone being able to block that transfer.
  | 
  | That's it.
  | 
  | If you don't want that, you don't want that. Some of us do.
 
    | acdha wrote:
    | That's ignoring the middlemen who run the mining network, who
    | you pay for every transaction, and the middlemen on both ends
    | who convert to and from the real current which you use to buy
    | and sell the things you actually use.
    | 
    | Similarly, any government which wants to can block the
    | network entirely or require everyone exchanging into real
    | currency to avoid transactions involving people who've
    | violated local laws. Since Bitcoin by design helpfully gives
    | them a full list of your past activities anyone considering
    | ignoring those demands has to consider the risk of
    | consequences for their participation at any point in the
    | future.
 
      | esotericn wrote:
      | Ah yeah, you're right, all of those legally sounding words
      | invalidate actual use.
      | 
      | Yes, I buy things with bitcoin, and no, you can't find it
      | on the blockchain.
      | 
      | (Or do I? :))
 
        | acdha wrote:
        | I'm not doubting that you use it, only pointing out that
        | it's not free to do so.
        | 
        | Similarly, maybe you haven't hit a transaction yet which
        | a government made an effort to block but ... are you
        | certain that nobody will ever try to do so or be
        | interested in your past history? If you're trying to
        | obscure your identity, consider how that would look under
        | existing money laundering if any party led to your real
        | identity being associated with those transactions. If you
        | aren't confident that no government with jurisdiction
        | will ever care, that's a factor to weigh on every
        | transaction since you're leaving an immutable public
        | record.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | > Similarly, maybe you haven't hit a transaction yet
        | which a government made an effort to block but ...
        | 
        | They wouldn't be able to unless they had over 51% of the
        | mining power, and it would be easily noticed.
 
        | acdha wrote:
        | That's assuming that a direct attack on a network is the
        | only option. What I described was much easier: if the
        | government requires payment of taxes or reporting real
        | identities, you're going to have trouble exchanging into
        | real currency unless you're paying enough for someone to
        | risk money laundering charges. Similarly, if a commercial
        | exchange is required to refuse transactions traced to an
        | address on a list, it'll effectively limit their ability
        | to use the network. Most companies aren't going to risk
        | their business on those transactions even if they're
        | technically capable of processing them.
        | 
        | Since the blockchain is public all of that can be
        | retroactive, too, so any transaction has the risk that
        | the other party will leak your identity, which similarly
        | disincentivizes other people from taking them.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | None of that is about actually blocking the transaction,
        | it's just about possible consequences of making the
        | transaction.
        | 
        | By that logic anyone in the world can "block" whatever
        | they want by threatening consequences.
 
    | bromuro wrote:
    | It doesn't seem a good deal consuming so much energy for
    | fixing that "middleman problem" - which I think it could
    | affect 1% of the people?
 
    | minitoar wrote:
    | Unless, you know, it's illegal. Then someone with a gun might
    | take you & it away.
 
      | esotericn wrote:
      | Well, sure.
      | 
      | At the moment someone with a gun might stop me from going
      | to have a cup of tea with my mother.
      | 
      | I learned long ago to ignore such things in order to
      | maintain my sanity.
 
        | minitoar wrote:
        | Is it illegal to go get tea with your mother somewhere?
        | Today, Bitcoin is illegal to trade in some places.
 
        | esotericn wrote:
        | Yes, this is illegal in the UK.
        | 
        | We're all criminals now. Such are the '20s.
        | 
        | With the trajectory our political system is on, a few
        | more months of this and the outcome where the guy with
        | the gun pulls the trigger may well be preferable.
        | 
        | The main escape valve at the moment is that the
        | regulations aren't being enforced.
 
        | ric2b wrote:
        | Actually with Covid it might really be illegal to go get
        | tea with your mother in some places, assuming you don't
        | live with her.
 
  | acesubido wrote:
  | > I simply can't answer what BTCs and other crypto coins are
  | actually good for.
  | 
  | Everybody here is missing out why Bitcoin was made in the first
  | place: the 2008 crash.
  | 
  | The benefits of a globally liquid asset (not USD) will only be
  | appreciated if you're living from a country that has a weak
  | Central Bank.
  | 
  | - Nigerians use it to import goods from China. This guy can't
  | source USD to purchase imports for his mobile phone business,
  | so he uses BTC [0]
  | 
  | - Venezuela remote workers getting paid in BTC, because their
  | central bank clamped down on USD inflow. They also didn't want
  | to be paid in the worthless local currency. [1]
  | 
  | - Remittance shops in Hongkong are using BTC to settle
  | remittances by batch. Buy and sell to the last mile instantly,
  | no exposure to volatility. This gives them way better FX fees
  | and faster settlement (30mins vs. 1-3 business days). They pass
  | the savings down to their customers as marketing spend, or they
  | pocket the change to increase profit [2]
  | 
  | - Argentina Central Bank is hoarding USD due to dwindling
  | reserves. So they imposed a $200USD/month cap on individuals
  | transacting with USD. People are flocking to BTC for remote
  | settlement. [3]
  | 
  | - Iran hit with sanctions cant use USD. So they're working on
  | laws to use BTC for settling imports with China. They even
  | issued BTC mining licenses for private companies. [4]
  | 
  | I come from a country, where if you remit more than $10K
  | outbound you'd have to: pay big fees ($200+), suffer bad FX
  | rates, wait for 2-3 days, do a physical appearance at the
  | branch for and pay documents/notarial stamps, sign forms,
  | present and print out government ID's, just to say: "This is my
  | money, I just want to send money to my dad overseas for medical
  | purposes".
  | 
  | December 2020, my mom had received USD in her dollar account.
  | She wanted to withdraw and convert it to help build float for
  | the family business, the local bank didn't have enough USD.
  | They told her it was a 6-week wait, lots of people lined up.
  | Lol.
  | 
  | People from first-world countries have it good.
  | 
  | [0] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crypto-currencies-
  | africa-...
  | 
  | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/business-47553048
  | 
  | [2] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crypto-currencies-
  | remitta...
  | 
  | [3] https://www.coindesk.com/crypto-is-booming-in-
  | economically-c...
  | 
  | [4] https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/iran-to-use-bitcoin-to-fund-
  | im...
 
  | tmoravec wrote:
  | Bitcoin is a potentially revolutionary technology in a very
  | early stage. The important new part, the consensus algorithm,
  | is ground breaking.
  | 
  | Now, the very first implementation (Bitcoin) kinda sucks, like
  | most technologies in their first versions. But there are newer
  | generations, each more interesting, and each unlocking more
  | possibilities. We are for example getting:
  | 
  | * No-autority enforcement of contracts (Ethereum).
  | 
  | * A distributed computation (operating) system (EOS).
  | 
  | * Decentralised finance, for example lending platforms (AAVE).
  | 
  | * Cash-like payment system suitable for real-world payments
  | (Monero).
  | 
  | We're only eleven years in so it's a bit too early to say if
  | it's all rubbish or if it will change the world.
 
    | lottin wrote:
    | Do you have any idea about what 'finance' is? Shuffling money
    | around is not finance.
 
      | rodiger wrote:
      | Do you know what Aave is or any of the other decentralized
      | finance protocols?
      | 
      | Also: "the management of large amounts of money, especially
      | by governments or large companies" it literally is
      | shuffling money around.
 
    | wil421 wrote:
    | Bitcoin is over a decade old by now. It's certainly not
    | become a revolutionary technology and is not in its infancy.
 
      | louwrentius wrote:
      | Fully agree, I bet somebody will reply that Bitcoin is like
      | the early internet soon...
      | 
      | https://davidgerard.co.uk/blockchain/2018/04/05/debunking-
      | bu...
 
      | godelzilla wrote:
      | They're talking more generally about cryptographic
      | protocols which have advanced far beyond bitcoin.
 
  | doctorwho42 wrote:
  | I'm in your boat, when it was first explained to me in a hacker
  | space at college when it was first growing and priced at a few
  | cents per 100++ Bitcoin. All I could see was a waste of energy
  | and resources (time, energy, hardware).
  | 
  | It will always be a drain on society, and it scares me that it
  | hasn't failed because we see it draining our GPU industry to
  | the point that market prices have gone insane and availability
  | is practically non-existent / all left up to chance.
  | 
  | It does take a rocket science to see the trends, as long as
  | it's tied to needing hardware to compute arbitrary calculations
  | to work... It's going to waste computer resources and energy.
  | Both which are finite resources... Yes finite, solar cells
  | aren't free to make, they don't last forever after you make
  | them. Same with any other green technology. Maybe if fusion was
  | our only power source it would be less of a concern, but we
  | still haven't cracked Q=1, so... Yes it is a waste of finite
  | resources.
 
    | AnonsLadder wrote:
    | You're looking at it from a totally wrong perspective. The
    | U.S. government can print as much dollars as they want,
    | whereas BTC cannot. The government does not care about green
    | energy unless they can profit from it. To say that you did
    | not buy BTC because of "wasting energy" is a very odd way to
    | cope.
    | 
    | You guys are so hung up on energy consumption, a meme, that
    | you're forgetting the real intrinsic value of Bitcoin.
 
      | heterodoxxed wrote:
      | > _The U.S. government can print as much dollars as they
      | want, whereas BTC cannot._
      | 
      | In a macroeconomic sense, this is a strength of the dollar
      | and a weakness of Bitcoin.
 
        | shawnz wrote:
        | It is a strength of the dollar as a fiat currency, but
        | that doesn't mean it would be a good thing for every
        | asset class to behave that way.
 
      | okprod wrote:
      | I understand the value of blockchain tech, but what's the
      | intrinsic value of Bitcoin?
 
        | sparkie wrote:
        | Value which cannot be stolen or debased.
        | 
        | Also, "blockchain" is just a data structure that has
        | practically no use besides bitcoin.
 
        | okprod wrote:
        | > Value which cannot be stolen or debased.
        | 
        | Bitcoin's "intrinsic value" is really value unto itself
        | for the most part, at this point in time. Maybe in the
        | future it'll be used more as a currency, and we've seen
        | that with Tesla, Bovada, etc., but I don't think most
        | governments will allow such a threat to their currency
        | without additional controls.
        | 
        | > Also, "blockchain" is just a data structure that has
        | practically no use besides bitcoin.
        | 
        | I've always felt the other way around actually; I think
        | blockchain will be used more widely and longer-term than
        | Bitcoin. Blockchain as a technology has already been
        | invested in and deployed by firms like IBM and JPMorgan.
 
        | 816238721639812 wrote:
        | Centralised blockchains are an oxymoron. Just use
        | JPMorgans SQL database, it's cheaper.
 
        | diroussel wrote:
        | Sometimes you want to trust and verify.
 
        | bagacrap wrote:
        | Cannot be debased? When the US government rules it
        | illegal, or enough people collectively lose interest, btc
        | will no longer have value.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > When the US government rules it illegal, or enough
        | people collectively lose interest, btc will no longer
        | have value.
        | 
        | Recall that for the first 2 years of its life, bitcoin
        | had no market price. Bitcoin acquired a price because it
        | has value to some people. That is, its having value
        | preceded it having a price. What that should tell you is
        | that even if a lot of people lost interest, bitcoin would
        | still be valuable. The key insight arrives if you figure
        | out what is valuable about Bitcoin that caused btc to
        | acquire a price.
        | 
        | " It might make sense just to get some in case it catches
        | on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a
        | self fulfilling prophecy. " https://satoshi.nakamotoinsti
        | tute.org/emails/cryptography/17...
 
        | wetmore wrote:
        | Seems like there have been numerous stories about bitcoin
        | being stolen?
 
        | sparkie wrote:
        | Private keys can be stolen if you leave them lying
        | around.
        | 
        | Nobody can steal your bitcoin if your private keys are
        | well protected. And of course, the best protection is a
        | brain wallet.
        | 
        | If a State attempts to implement an EO6102 equivalent for
        | Bitcoin, they will be unable to enforce it.
 
        | sodality2 wrote:
        | Brain wallets are hilariously bad, if you make it up
        | yourself; a randomly generated key is far superior and
        | can still be memorized. Search up "brainflayer" for just
        | one example of a brain wallet cracker.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | > Nobody can steal your bitcoin if your private keys are
        | well protected. And of course, the best protection is a
        | brain wallet.
        | 
        | The end result of this is that a huge portion of humans
        | cannot safely store their wealth in btc. I sure as hell
        | don't trust myself to keep that much cash in a brain
        | wallet.
        | 
        | "If your private keys are well protected" might as well
        | mean "if you can do four backflips in a row" to most
        | people.
 
      | bccdee wrote:
      | Haha wait wait, so energy consumption is "a meme," but
      | having a fixed supply of money is apparently a totally good
      | idea and not at all a meme. We don't care about deflation,
      | we don't care about monetary policy, we want a gold
      | standard where instead of gold we just burn absurd
      | quantities of carbon. lol
 
      | InitialLastName wrote:
      | > the real intrinsic value of Bitcoin
      | 
      | Intrinsic: belonging to the essential nature or
      | constitution of a thing [0].
      | 
      | Bitcoin, being a series of bits proving you or one of your
      | financial forebears burnt some spare energy without any
      | material return, has no intrinsic value. Its value is
      | _entirely_ extrinsic and intersubjective, in that it only
      | has value if a quorum believes it has value.
      | 
      | [0] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intrinsic
 
    | dieortin wrote:
    | It's not draining the GPU industry. No one buys GPUs for
    | mining Bitcoin anymore, they use ASICs.
 
      | oblio wrote:
      | They're mining it with malware on CPUs, don't underestimate
      | human stupidity when faced with large numbers of people...
 
        | celticninja wrote:
        | They may be mining Montero but they definitely are not
        | mining bitcoin
 
      | Taek wrote:
      | Even as just ASICs there's something of a drain, Bitcoin
      | ASICs consume fab production which means less remaining
      | production capacity for GPUs.
      | 
      | This is an equilibrium that should eventually fix itself,
      | but while Bitcoin and crypto mining is growing they are
      | making a material dent in the global semiconductor economy.
 
        | westurner wrote:
        | Cryptoasset mining creates demand for custom chip fab
        | (how different are mining rigs from SSL/TLS accelerator
        | expansion cards), which is definitely not zero sum: more
        | revenue = more opportunities.
        | 
        | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_elasticity_of_supply
        | 
        | With insufficient demand, a market does not develop into
        | a sustainable market. "Rule of three (economics)" says
        | that markets are stable with 3 major competitors and many
        | smaller competitors; nonlinearity and game theory.
        | 
        | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(economics)
        | 
        | We've always had custom chip fab, but the prices used to
        | be much higher. Proof of Work (and Proof of Research)
        | incentivize microchip and software energy efficiency;
        | whereas we had observed and been most concerned with
        | doublings in transistor density.
        | 
        | FWIU, it's now more sustainable and profitable to mine
        | rare earth elements from recycled electronics than
        | actually digging real value out of the earth?
        | 
        | Compared to creating real value by digging for gold, how
        | do we value financial services?
 
      | totalZero wrote:
      | I'm not sure about that...Search "best GPU mining 2021" on
      | Google and you'll get several hits.
 
        | shawabawa3 wrote:
        | Most people mining use something like NiceHash, which
        | rents out your hashpower to people who use it to mine the
        | currently most efficient asset (usually
        | ethereum/monero/doge+ltc)
        | 
        | Mining bitcoin with a GPU would take around 5000 years in
        | the best case scenario to pay off _with free electricity_
 
        | jefftk wrote:
        | None of those seem to be about Bitcoin? For example
        | https://www.nicehash.com/blog/post/best-mining-gpu-
        | in-2021 lists a "DaggerHashimoto" hashrate which would be
        | for Etherium.
 
      | MrApathy wrote:
      | In the specific context of Bitcoin it may be true that the
      | preference is for ASIC, but (1) some Bitcoin is still mined
      | using GPU's and (2) there are several thousand active
      | digital currencies, many of them favoring GPU's.
      | 
      | Grandparent's wider assertion is absolutely true, the GPU
      | market is skewed by miners. Purchasing a 3000 series GPU is
      | not easy right now.
 
        | shawabawa3 wrote:
        | Do you have a source for (1)?
        | 
        | I'm pretty sure GPU mining btc is inefficient even with
        | free electricity (depreciation of the PC/GPU will
        | outweigh benefits)
        | 
        | edit: was curious so checked the math
        | 
        | Using a 3060TI GPU (one of the most cost-efficient for
        | performance gpu's available) would generate about
        | $0.0002/day, or take ~5000 years to pay itself off even
        | with free electricity
 
        | Stupulous wrote:
        | Doesn't bitcoin compute time go up with computational
        | advances also? If so, any answer greater than a few years
        | can be transposed to infinite time to cover costs.
 
        | [deleted]
 
    | biolurker1 wrote:
    | In the end GPUs are better off using energy to play
    | counterstrike than to generate sound money right?!
 
  | DavidPeiffer wrote:
  | >Ok, I have to admit that I am one of those people who knew
  | about BTC very, very early but never bought any.
  | 
  | I was too. I told a friend who owns a data center about it, and
  | mentioned maybe he could stress test servers by mining bitcoin
  | (this was before 2011, mining was very reasonable on consumer
  | hardware). He never did to my knowledge.
  | 
  | December of 2019 I ran into him and he thanked me for telling
  | him about bitcoin all those years ago. He sold one for around
  | $16,000, and still had 11 more. He literally didn't care if
  | they dropped to $0, he considered it a win.
  | 
  | I should reach out and see if he has sold another one this
  | week. He could buy a new SUV outright.
 
  | rednerrus wrote:
  | I've been in since very early on as well. There isn't anything,
  | other than black market transactions, that BTC is good for. The
  | idea that it has some kind of inherent value is completely
  | insane. People are willing to pay for it now because Tether is
  | artificially keeping the price high. Sooner or later someone
  | (US government, Russian mobsters) are going to nab those Tether
  | dudes and the game is going to be up.
 
  | px43 wrote:
  | Hey there. I'm one of those people who read Schneier's Applied
  | Cryptography in highschool in the 90s, and immediately
  | recognized the groundbreaking potential of using asymmetric
  | cryptography for currency.
  | 
  | I work in information security, and have seen first hand how
  | our existing financial infrastructure is held together with
  | string and scotch tape. For 10 years or so, every time I heard
  | about some big credit card theft, or wire fraud, or SWIFT hack,
  | I would go see if anyone had figured out how to do
  | cryptocurrencies yet. Then 2009 rolled around and I got an
  | email forwarded to me from someone named Satoshi who had
  | apparently figured out a really solid mitigation for the double
  | spend problem, and had actually released some working PoC code
  | in the form of Bitcoin.
  | 
  | Yes, there are a ton of problems with Bitcoin. I've been
  | extremely critical even since that first email, but those
  | problems are nothing compared to the existing systemic problems
  | plaguing traditional finance.
  | 
  | Getting rich was never a draw for me. I'm not quite retired
  | (though this year has been pretty good) but I have spent 10s of
  | thousands of Bitcoins over the years building up various
  | aspects of the economy in order to maximize the utility of the
  | network. I could easily be living on my own private island if I
  | had held onto the coins I CPU mined in the early days, but I
  | have no regrets at all about how I spent those coins. I'm more
  | passionate about this than most, I know, but I 100% believe
  | that legacy finance is a massive hindrance to the
  | sustainability of our species, and crypto-economics will be a
  | key aspect in building healthy incentives for a technologically
  | driven society.
 
    | zadler wrote:
    | Why only healthy incentives? Could they not equally be
    | unhealthy ones?
 
      | px43 wrote:
      | First off, "healthy" is subjective, and open to the
      | interpretation of the builder. Second, why would someone
      | work to build unhealthy incentives? Seems
      | counterproductive.
 
    | ced wrote:
    | _I 100% believe that legacy finance is a massive hindrance to
    | the sustainability of our species,_
    | 
    | Could you please expand on that? Why?
 
    | nelsonenzo wrote:
    | So, what about refunds when corporations rip us off?
    | 
    | And what about losing 100% of my funds when my key is lost or
    | stolen? All keys are lost/stolen - it doesn't take a rocket
    | degree to have observed that from human behavior.
    | 
    | Who enforces splitting of equity when some rich dick beats
    | his wife into submission? The courts don't control any
    | bitcoin keys.
    | 
    | The problems of bitcoin are proportionately larger than then
    | problems with fiat. The only people saying otherwise are
    | those that are profiting from the opposite perspective.
    | 
    | If we are not a bitcoin miner, then how will we get the funds
    | to begin with? Right now I can trade fiat for it, but in the
    | future my children would not be able to trade fiat for it
    | (assuming it's as good as you say it is). So, they will
    | become indentured servants to the bitcoin miners.
 
      | DownGoat wrote:
      | It would be solved in the same way those problems are
      | solved today, through court. Not following court orders
      | ultimately leads to enforcement through force. You'd end up
      | arrested and jailed at some point.
      | 
      | >> If we are not a bitcoin miner, then how will we get the
      | funds to begin with? Right now I can trade fiat for it, but
      | in the future my children would not be able to trade fiat
      | for it (assuming it's as good as you say it is). So, they
      | will become indentured servants to the bitcoin miners.
      | 
      | I don't quite understand the point you are trying to make
      | here? Cash just don't magically appear today either. Why
      | wouldn't they be able to trade fiat for crypto in the
      | future?
 
        | scatters wrote:
        | > Cash just don't magically appear today either.
        | 
        | Cash doesn't, but money does. The principal function of
        | central banks is controlling the rate of money creation
        | to ensure that the money supply supports economic
        | activity.
 
        | nelsonenzo wrote:
        | > You'd end up arrested and jailed at some point. -
        | assuming they didn't flee - assuming they didn't spend
        | the bitcoin - assuming they didn't transfer the bitcoin,
        | and then claim it was stolen/lost.
        | 
        | With fiat controlled by banks, most liquid assets are
        | frozen during these sorts of disputes for the above
        | reason. A threat of jail in the future also doesn't
        | really help the other person during that timeframe.
        | 
        | Cash does magically appear, actually. It's printed by
        | mints and released via monetary control.
 
        | shawnz wrote:
        | Civil forfeiture has become a controversial issue lately.
        | It's not clear that the ability of financial institutions
        | to do that is actually a net positive for society.
        | 
        | Consider how it'd be easier to catch criminals without
        | the fourth and fifth amendment, but it is more important
        | to provide protections against government overreach.
 
      | DennisP wrote:
      | Some of the following applies more to chains with smart
      | contracts, rather than Bitcoin itself, but:
      | 
      | > refunds when corporations rip us off?
      | 
      | Easily implemented in various ways. One old scheme is a
      | simple 2-of-3 multisig, where the keys are buyer, seller,
      | and arbitrator. If buyer and seller agree, the arb doesn't
      | have to be involved, otherwise the arb decides where the
      | funds go.
      | 
      | > what about losing 100% of my funds when my key is lost or
      | stolen?
      | 
      | Hence Vitalik's advocacy of social recovery wallets:
      | https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/11/recovery.html
      | 
      | > Who enforces splitting of equity when some rich dick
      | beats his wife into submission? The courts don't control
      | any bitcoin keys.
      | 
      | No, but courts have effective ways to make you pay up even
      | when they don't directly control your funds, including
      | putting you in jail for contempt.
      | 
      | > my children would not be able to trade fiat for it
      | 
      | If Bitcoin or whatever isn't available to anyone besides
      | miners, then I don't see why it would have any value at
      | all. Cryptocurrency that succeeds is out in the economy,
      | not locked up in a small group of professionals. There are
      | plenty of cryptocurrencies owned only by a small group of
      | enthusiasts, and they are nearly worthless.
 
        | reaperducer wrote:
        | _One old scheme is a simple 2-of-3 multisig, where the
        | keys are buyer, seller, and arbitrator_
        | 
        | Who is the arbiter? Who pays for the arbiter? Do I have
        | to negotiate for an arbiter for every purchase I make?
        | There's a candy store down the street that takes Bitcoin.
        | Am I really supposed to figure out an arbitration scheme
        | just to buy a tub of popcorn?
 
        | boldslogan wrote:
        | This third party arbitrator's decision... if it is not
        | liked by one party. Wouldn't that party demand an
        | arbitrator on the decision1? But then couldn't decision2
        | be demanded to be arbitrated by the other party. And
        | then. And then... it doesn't seem to stop? In other words
        | it seems you would need some kind of judicial process to
        | keep in check the arbitrators. Which then sounds just
        | like regular money, where you can usually arbitrate many
        | times?
        | 
        | I'm also in the grandparent's boat and I just want to get
        | another view on this.
 
        | DennisP wrote:
        | That's not how it works in regular life. If two parties
        | agree on an arbitrator, then that arbitrator's decision
        | is binding.
 
      | xtracto wrote:
      | All of those are the same problems money has. Refunds
      | capability is something built on top of cash. It will be
      | built on top of cryptocurrencies. Money can be stolen and
      | locked and hidden and whatnot.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | But if it is built on top of cryptocurrencies then you
        | don't have the trustlessness that makes it different from
        | cash and banking. Why would banks and businesses choose
        | to transact primarily in btc?
 
        | DownGoat wrote:
        | Because the markets wants to trade on it. Going with the
        | assumption that crypto will "succeed" in the future, any
        | business or bank not trading on it would be loosing out
        | to businesses that are capable to do both.
 
        | UncleMeat wrote:
        | That is circular. BTC will succeed as an investment
        | because it will supplant other systems for banking. BTC
        | will supplant other systems for banking because it
        | succeeds as an investment.
 
        | xtracto wrote:
        | I think that's the same issue that every new technology
        | related to network effects has had. Like Napster,
        | Myspace, facebook, etc
 
        | nelsonenzo wrote:
        | Yes, and we have built safety measures to protect
        | individuals in these cases, none of which work in a
        | trustless key-based storage world.
 
    | badjeans wrote:
    | What a weird comment. There's tons of fraud within the
    | bitcoin ecosystem, and it's also used in a lot of fraud too.
 
      | amelius wrote:
      | > What a weird comment
      | 
      | It's just another comment by someone who tries to fabricate
      | a self-fulfilling prophecy.
 
    | NickM wrote:
    | I think you are very confused.
    | 
    | Asymmetric cryptography is a completely separate, much older
    | technology that has nothing directly to do with
    | cryptocurrencies.
    | 
    | Furthermore, Bitcoin does nothing to solve the kind of fraud
    | problems you are talking about, and in fact makes the
    | consequences of them much worse, since you no longer have a
    | central authorities that can reverse fraudulant transactions
    | and the like. The "double spend" problem refers to a problem
    | in distributed systems, not applied security.
 
      | ric2b wrote:
      | > Asymmetric cryptography is a completely separate, much
      | older technology that has nothing directly to do with
      | cryptocurrencies.
      | 
      | It does, Bitcoin wouldn't work without it, the whole thing
      | relies on cryptographic signatures.
      | 
      | > The "double spend" problem refers to a problem in
      | distributed systems, not applied security.
      | 
      | Is it not both? It's a security issue present in
      | distributed systems.
 
        | NickM wrote:
        | _Bitcoin wouldn 't work without it_ - sure, it's a
        | building block, but the core innovation behind Bitcoin is
        | not asymmetric crypto. The parent comment was implying
        | that using asymmetric crypto in finance would solve
        | problems with security and fraud, when in truth,
        | asymmetric crypto has already been in use since well
        | before Bitcoin came along, and is an important technology
        | but has not magically solved all our security problems.
        | There are multiple separate things being conflated here
        | in incorrect ways.
 
        | bondarchuk wrote:
        | > _There are multiple separate things being conflated
        | here in incorrect ways._
        | 
        | Only by you. Read more carefully.
 
    | throwaway5752 wrote:
    | Maybe you can help me out, then? How does the network
    | increase the transaction rate to current global rates (at
    | least 10^4 higher)? What happens when the mining phase
    | completes, or if there is a drop in value? What is a
    | sustainable transaction fee for miners to take absent mining
    | incentives? What happens over long periods of time from
    | hardware failures where wallets are lost? It's probably my
    | problem not researching well enough, but if you know or can
    | point me to anything I would be grateful.
 
      | ric2b wrote:
      | > How does the network increase the transaction rate to
      | current global rates (at least 10^4 higher)?
      | 
      | Efficiency improvements on the base chain, 2nd layer
      | technologies like Lightning Network and ultimately
      | increasing the base block size limit.
      | 
      | > What happens when the mining phase completes, or if there
      | is a drop in value?
      | 
      | Mining doesn't "complete". There have been many massive
      | drops in value in Bitcoin's history, not sure what you're
      | asking about, it just keeps working?
      | 
      | > What is a sustainable transaction fee for miners to take
      | absent mining incentives?
      | 
      | Anything above 0 is sustainable, you can mine for free if
      | you're using the energy to heat your house.
      | 
      | The question is how much energy the network needs to spend
      | to remain secure, that I don't know, depends on how much
      | any potential attackers are willing to spend to attack it.
      | 
      | > What happens over long periods of time from hardware
      | failures where wallets are lost?
      | 
      | Bitcoin deflates? If some coins are lost but demand remains
      | the same the value of the remaining coins goes up.
 
  | jakupovic wrote:
  | The problem that you and others like you have is you don't have
  | any BTC and now are struggling to understand why anyone else
  | would have any. I think it's mostly from the fact you didn't
  | get any when you should have and now there is no reason as it's
  | expensive and again you don't have any. Simple really.
 
    | dang wrote:
    | Please don't cross into personal attack in HN comments, or
    | take HN threads further into flamewar. We're trying to avoid
    | that here.
    | 
    | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
 
    | ThomPete wrote:
    | you can just buy satochis, dont think about the price of
    | bitcoin, think about how much money you want to invest.
 
    | RobertKerans wrote:
    | That doesn't really answer the question "what is the point of
    | it" unless the only point is to create wealth for the people
    | who do have it.
 
      | jakupovic wrote:
      | "what is the point of it" From bitcoin wiki: Bitcoin is a
      | decentralized digital currency, without a central bank or
      | single administrator, that can be sent from user to user on
      | the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for
      | intermediaries.
      | 
      | The trustless exchange part was worked on for a long time
      | and Bitcoin came around and solved it. This is why
      | questions like that are completely ignorant of anything
      | technology and really makes me question the instigator's
      | motives.
      | 
      | Edit: adding a link to an answer provided to the same
      | question on this site
      | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25256738
 
        | RobertKerans wrote:
        | I think you're seriously misrepresenting the questioner.
        | _People who question the point of it understand that the
        | aim is to be currency_. Calling people questioning the
        | point idiots who don 't understand technology doesn't
        | answer the question either, it just makes you look like a
        | dick. You're on a forum where the majority of posters
        | have at least a higher-than average understanding of
        | current technologies, so I'm skeptical that you have a
        | much deeper understanding than most of them. And even if
        | that is the case, what you're saying is just rude. There
        | are negative stereotypes surrounding bitcoin enthusiasts
        | that you are playing into very successfully here.
 
        | jakupovic wrote:
        | I didn't call anyone any names, as opposed to what you
        | are doing, and I will not. In any case Bitcoin is here to
        | stay and you will own it, either directly or indirectly,
        | but it's not going away. So questioning it's idea of
        | existence doesn't further the conversation, I'm sorry,
        | but it really makes the questioner seem ignorant. It's
        | the same question being asked since 2011, when does it
        | stop?
 
        | RobertKerans wrote:
        | Nobody's questioning it exists. This is a wilful
        | misrepresentation of why people have issues with it --
        | the reason why I got pissed with the things you've
        | written is that they match the stereotype bitcoin
        | enthusiast speil almost to a tee. I can understand _why_
        | it exists, and what the value proposition is, and what it
        | promises, _and still question what the point of it is
        | because there are huge glaring issues with it_.
        | 
        | > when does it stop
        | 
        | It doesn't, because of the very obvious problems with it
        | as a currency vs. existing currencies. If those magically
        | go away, then people will stop questioning it. As it is,
        | there is very little sign of that ocurring.
        | 
        | There is no disconnect there, no hidden motives. People
        | use currency. Do the benefits of bitcoin outweigh what
        | seem like huge downsides? Quoting the technical
        | underpinnings of it as if it's some slam dunk -- how do
        | you seriously think this persuades people?
        | 
        | Edit: also this
        | 
        | > The problem that you and others like you have is you
        | don't have any BTC and now are struggling to understand
        | why anyone else would have any. I think it's mostly from
        | the fact you didn't get any when you should have and now
        | there is no reason as it's expensive and again you don't
        | have any. Simple really.
        | 
        | This reads as the reason people people have problems with
        | it is envy, that they didn't buy some before it
        | skyrocketed in value, and they now can't buy any.
 
        | jakupovic wrote:
        | I'll respond only to the last part. My post was made in
        | fun and I didn't mean to offend anyone, maybe accost them
        | a bit. The initial poster I was replying too did say that
        | they had access to bitcoin and could/should have kept
        | some as do most of us hence the post. The subsequent
        | replying was made to explain, poorly it seems, why it's
        | useful.
 
    | totalZero wrote:
    | I think this is a heavy-handed reply. His personal lack of an
    | answer to the question, "what's the value," is presumably why
    | he didn't buy in at the beginning.
    | 
    | Also, even if he had two or three Bitcoin it would be a nice
    | windfall, but not an earth-shattering event that would cause
    | eternal jealousy.
 
      | jakupovic wrote:
      | People are asking a pretty basic question on a supposedly
      | technological forum. It would be like me asking what's the
      | point of Linux, the OS problem was solved by (D)OS(X), or
      | something similar. I'll admit the reply is heavy handed but
      | there is a reason Bitcoin exists and people are using it so
      | when do these questions stop?
 
        | totalZero wrote:
        | Let's say you have a side hustle of selling shoplifted
        | Tide Pods via Craigslist, and you want to use digital
        | payments. In that case it's easy to understand the value
        | of bitcoin. But for the millions of people who have no
        | problem whatsoever making digital transactions via
        | PayPal, Zelle, Venmo, CashApp, ACH, wire, or one of
        | numerous other formats, why go to the trouble of making a
        | whole new currency with corner-case issues (price
        | volatility, potential cryptographic weakness, energy
        | cost, early adopter advantage, and so forth) when the
        | dollar is fairly stable? It's not a basic question, IMO
        | it's a deep one.
        | 
        | The dollar works plenty good for digital transactions,
        | and with the right bank I can withdraw money anywhere in
        | the world at a reasonable exchange rate without paying
        | additional fees. Credit cards work worldwide. If you pay
        | your taxes and don't partake in illegal commerce, it
        | seems like a fairly good system. I can get around the
        | inflation risk to some degree by buying commodities,
        | securities, or property, and convert to cash when I need
        | it.
        | 
        | I don't think the questions ever stop. We're questioning
        | the dollar and yet we've used it for centuries. We're
        | questioning gold and yet we've used it for millennia. We
        | don't know what the world's cryptocurrency of choice will
        | be in the long term, we don't know who we're helping by
        | bidding up bitcoin (Musk? Cartels? Nerds from MIT and
        | CalTech?), and we don't know the impact that future
        | energy and computing technologies will have on
        | cryptocurrencies.
        | 
        | It also appears to me that anyone who buys and holds
        | bitcoin would make money in a global system that uses
        | bitcoin, because (A) money cannot be created beyond a set
        | limit but can be destroyed/lost, (B) the marginal cost of
        | use goes up as more participants get involved, and (C)
        | inflows to an asset with limited supply always bid up the
        | price because of basic economics. What makes a currency
        | good is that its price stays stable relative to the
        | commodities for which it is used to transact. When the
        | time value of money far exceeds the time value of human
        | activity, you get deflation and that's a poor
        | characteristic for a currency because it punishes those
        | economic participants who are active.
 
        | jakupovic wrote:
        | First, you have a bunch of ideas that you're trying
        | compose into an argument, you were not successful.
        | 
        | Second, Bitcoin solves the problem of digital exchange
        | between non-trusting parties, this is a very hard problem
        | that didn't have a solution before Bitcoin came around,
        | that's why it exists and it's useful.
        | 
        | Above, you do weave U$ Dollar throughout, let's use it to
        | explain Bitcoin. Currently the trust-less exchange is
        | solved by holding assets which others trust. This means
        | that if you have $100 you can show it other people and
        | they can see that you have it and test that it is really
        | $100. The reason $100 is $100 is because USA makes sure
        | that is true. Now, non-US people are not the happiest
        | that the US dollar is effectively the world currency.
        | This has roots in WW*, Bretton Woods, etc., beside the
        | point for our needs. The biggest problem is that US
        | controls the dollar supply, just in the last year the
        | supply has increased by ~25%, making everyone else'$
        | cheaper. If instead the world currency was Bitcoin or
        | some other cryptocurrency, one entity would not control
        | the supply, the supply would be controlled by algorithms,
        | which are easier to understand than some old white men.
        | To me the last point, about algorithms, is enough to make
        | bitcoin useful. No matter how much we fight it the world
        | is going digital, and why would money be an exception?
 
  | csomar wrote:
  | Sure, let me help you: Apple, Amazon, Tesla and some third-
  | world real-estate have made x100+ gains in the last 20-30
  | years. It's not the fact that you are getting old, but that
  | speculating about future yield is a business.
  | 
  | There is no reason to speculate about Bitcoin, the same as
  | there is no reason to speculate about real-estate land going up
  | in Antarctica .
 
  | totalZero wrote:
  | If everyone were to get excited about Monopoly money as a store
  | of value, it would be wrong to tell you that you fail to see
  | the huge potential. The crowd decided that bitcoin is worth
  | something, and thus it is worth something. That doesn't make
  | you wrong for not being part of the crowd.
  | 
  | Today Elon Musk chooses BTC and it goes up. Tomorrow the US
  | government could crack down on BTC and it could go down. Maybe
  | a technical weakness arises. Maybe the dollar breaks and it
  | goes to a million. That doesn't mean it has potential, nor that
  | it's useful. It just means there's uptake.
 
    | JumpCrisscross wrote:
    | > _doesn 't mean it has potential, nor that it's useful. It
    | just means there's uptake._
    | 
    | This is a bit nihilistic. Bitcoin's value has reallocated a
    | huge amount of technical talent and resources in the global
    | economy. It also has a growing carbon footprint. These give
    | the public, and by extension its members, legitimate exposure
    | to its downsides. Given that exposure, it's valid to consider
    | managing it.
 
      | totalZero wrote:
      | So you determine the inherent value of something based on
      | its price action?
      | 
      | To flesh this out: I'm not arguing that BTC has no value,
      | nor that it has no externalities, so I really don't
      | understand what motivates your reply. I don't feel that
      | there's anything nihilistic about pointing out the logical
      | flaw in saying, "oh the concept of Bitcoin has 12% more
      | inherent value now than yesterday because the price went up
      | by that much." I recognize that the article is about
      | electricity, but I'm not sure how you get from my comment
      | to electricity. If Bitcoin crashes tomorrow, does that mean
      | that the inherent value (or conversely, the societal
      | burden) of the concept went down?
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | > _So you determine the inherent value of something based
        | on its price action?_
        | 
        | Not at all. But in this case, the broader cost of Bitcoin
        | scales with its price.
 
        | totalZero wrote:
        | Sure, and the cost to Hasbro of making monopoly money
        | could scale with its price if there were a market for it.
        | But the inherent value of a monopoly dollar would not be
        | dependent upon that cost.
        | 
        | When you say "the broader cost of bitcoin" you're talking
        | about electricity right? Aside from the important fact
        | that "cost" isn't "value", there are a couple problems
        | with that. First of all, many people are finding arbs in
        | energy (eg, you live or work in a dorm, lab, or other
        | building where don't pay an electric bill) and using free
        | electricity to mine. That provides liquidity/fungibility
        | by contributing to transactions, without incurring any
        | cost to the miner. Second, people and entities with large
        | early reserves of bitcoin have an incentive to mine even
        | when the energy cost is greater than the mining return,
        | because a better functioning bitcoin is more likely to
        | attract further inflows that impact the price upward.
 
  | scottLobster wrote:
  | In terms of getting rich, that was luck. Some people with
  | perhaps more money than sense played the lottery and won.
  | Bitcoin could have, and might still fail with governments
  | giving it more scrutiny as it grows, or this may be its peak,
  | so anyone buying now is screwed. No way to know.
  | 
  | It's also easy to look back at Amazon and say you should have
  | invested back when they were an online bookstore that talked a
  | big game. With the information available at the time it
  | arguably would have been a stupid decision.
  | 
  | For everyone who won big on Amazon and everyone who's winning
  | big on Bitcoin, there are thousands if not millions of
  | investors who bet on something with legitimate confidence and
  | lost it all or under-performed.
  | 
  | As for what it is, as far as I'm concerned it's just another
  | commodity. The value of said commodity can be debated, the same
  | way people can talk about how silver is not only a precious
  | metal but has substantial industrial demand driving it, unlike
  | gold. They're still all commodities.
  | 
  | Now plenty of people have played the commodity lottery and
  | gotten crazy rich in crazy circumstances that are hard if not
  | impossible to repeat. If you want to try and be one of them by
  | speculating on bitcoin, don't use any money you can't lose.
  | 
  | For my perspective, my financial goals for my family haven't
  | been met yet and probably won't be for a couple of decades
  | given that we've yet to buy a house and the wife and I are
  | hoping to give our future kids a full ride through college. I
  | can invest the money I make in cheap, diversified funds based
  | on Fama/French factors and have nobel-winning math and
  | statistics saying I have a positive expected return over time
  | given 100 years of stock market history, or I can gamble it in
  | the various single-stock/commodity/sector lotteries with large
  | amounts of uncompensated risk and hope I win big, but more
  | likely lose and never meet my goals.
  | 
  | My current solution to "more money" is I'm seriously looking
  | into trying to get some sort of lifestyle business going on top
  | of my day job. Worst case scenario it sharpens my technical
  | skills and makes me even more employable. I like sets of
  | outcomes that don't include (or at least minimize the
  | likelihood of) "zero".
 
  | onyb wrote:
  | Once you understand Bitcoin, there's no way why you'd go back
  | to the legacy system. It's not Bitcoiners getting freaking
  | rich; it's them adopting a superior store of value that is
  | being selected as the winner in a free market.
  | 
  | Most people are perfectly happy entrusting their (fiat) money
  | with the banks, and asking permission for accessing their
  | funds. Bitcoiners, on the other hand, have tasted the freedom
  | of self-custody and a permissionless payment system.
  | 
  | Whether it has value or not depends on how important it is to
  | have a monetary good that is not issued by a nation state, and
  | cannot be controlled/stopped/inflated/modified.
 
    | 542458 wrote:
    | > there's no way why you'd go back to the legacy system
    | 
    | I can think of lots of reasons.
    | 
    | * Deflationary currencies are dangerous. Inflation is a
    | feature, not a bug.
    | 
    | * If I screw up a bank transfer or have my credit card
    | details stolen, I can have those transactions reversed. No
    | such luck with Bitcoin. The idea of losing my life's savings
    | to a zero day or sophisticated hacker doesn't sounds great to
    | me.
    | 
    | * I can't remember the last time my bank got DoSed.
    | 
    | * Bitcoin's value fluctuates wildly, making it a poor medium
    | of exchange.
    | 
    | * I like that my country can adjust monetary policy in
    | response to world events like pandemics. That's a feature,
    | not a bug.
 
      | onyb wrote:
      | Fortunately, no one is forcing anyone to adopt Bitcoin, if
      | the features are undesirable.
      | 
      | > Deflationary currencies are dangerous. Inflation is a
      | feature, not a bug.
      | 
      | You may be right, but we can't stop a community from
      | choosing something deflationary as their preferred
      | currency.
      | 
      | > I can have those transactions reversed. No such luck with
      | Bitcoin
      | 
      | I'd argue this is a feature in Bitcoin for many people.
      | 
      | > I can't remember the last time my bank got DoSed.
      | 
      | You're fortunate. Last time I went to a bank (right after
      | COVID hit), I was denied cash withdrawals due to liquidity
      | issues. That's what happens when your money is in custody
      | of someone else. Once you look outside first world
      | countries, you'll see the demerits of centralised systems
      | handling critical resources like money.
      | 
      | > Bitcoin's value fluctuates wildly, making it a poor
      | medium of exchange.
      | 
      | I'll agree with this point. Perhaps it's because of the
      | nature of the market itself. Bitcoin trades globally, 24x7
      | and 365 days a year, without circuit breakers when there's
      | extreme volatility. It's not appropriate for buying candies
      | from a store, but maybe a good option for a Tesla?
      | 
      | > I like that my country can adjust monetary policy in
      | response to world events like pandemics.
      | 
      | On the contrary, people holding Bitcoin during the pandemic
      | were relatively well off in 2020. The stimulus package had
      | negative impacts too, like asset inflation. But more
      | concretely, Bitcoin is the first true alternative to
      | central banking, and many people are happy to adopt it
      | because it solves important problems for them.
 
    | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
    | Understanding Bitcoin _really_ can also convince you that it
    | might not be a superior store of value. Think of the
    | consequences of someone breaking SHA256 which, given, at the
    | moment looks absolutely unfeasible, or of some entity or
    | coordinated entities to actually control the main branch, or
    | the cost of energy to mine (and the fees) exceeding the value
    | of bitcoin at a point in time, or more mundane things like
    | loosing the private key of an address.
    | 
    | edit:typos
 
    | UncleMeat wrote:
    | These kinds of posts are so frustrating. "Blub currencies".
    | They insist that everybody skeptical of BTC's utility must
    | simply be ignorant. This is a deeply uncharitable way of
    | discussing almost any topic.
 
  | sanderjd wrote:
  | My answer to this is that back in the early '10s I massively
  | _underestimated_ how successful it would be as a pyramid scheme
  | that I could get in on early, but that I massively
  | _overestimated_ how useful it would be as a currency, despite
  | having an extremely low estimation of that. So I guess you and
  | I should have had better foresight to see how good it would be
  | for unhinged speculation, but frankly I never really have any
  | regrets about this: I 'm fundamentally not a gambler or a
  | speculator. (However I might not like it if my wife were to
  | gain a full understanding of how much wealthier and easier our
  | lives could be right now if that hadn't been the case.)
 
  | shp0ngle wrote:
  | It's good for telling other people to buy more and checking
  | price daily.
 
    | octocop wrote:
    | And making whiny comments on HN when it's mentioned.
 
  | hobofan wrote:
  | Determining fully decentralized consensus between arbitrary
  | participants (or at least one of the best approximations of
  | that). In Bitcoin that consensus is limited to transactions, in
  | Ethereum with smart contracts it can be used for much more
  | (though that might require additional layers of incentivation
  | to work properly, depending on the use case).
 
    | grey-area wrote:
    | Nobody actually wants fully decentralised irreversible
    | consensus between arbitrary participants on a public ledger
    | because it is slow, costly and doesn't solve real-word
    | problems of identity verification, trust, reversible
    | transactions, private transactions etc etc. People have tried
    | and failed for years to find a compelling use for it.
    | 
    | It's a very interesting experiment in social engineering but
    | I find it difficult to find a concrete example of bitcoin
    | being useful. Making some people very rich at the cost of
    | others is not sufficient justification. If anything fewer
    | people are actually using bitcoin now for real transactions
    | not involving speculation on prices than in 2015 say.
 
      | godelzilla wrote:
      | >slow, costly and doesn't solve real-word problems of
      | identity verification, trust, reversible transactions,
      | private transactions etc etc.
      | 
      | I strongly recommend researching cryptographic protocols
      | besides bitcoin.
 
      | blhack wrote:
      | >Nobody actually wants fully decentralised irreversible
      | consensus between arbitrary participants on a public ledger
      | because it is slow, costly and doesn't solve real-word
      | problems of identity verification, trust, reversible
      | transactions, private transactions etc etc.
      | 
      | Are you sure? In fact it seems like quite a few people want
      | that, as evidenced by the entire crypto space.
 
        | grey-area wrote:
        | On the contrary, the current crypto space resembles a
        | classic speculative bubble right now, it's a perfect
        | example of mania, and spurious justifications like this
        | of a new paradigm which explains the crazy valuations are
        | also classic signs of that.
        | 
        | Hardly anyone is using these currencies to actually
        | perform transactions or store value because they are
        | awful in so many ways for that (volatility, treated and
        | taxed like an asset, unpredictable fees, slow settlement,
        | no fraud protection etc). All the transactions, all the
        | new accounts flooding into exchanges are there for one
        | reason - to strike it rich in the new gold rush.
        | 
        | Coins intended to be a valueless joke are worth SIX
        | BILLION DOLLARS and nobody is actually using them as a
        | currency or a consensus mechanism or anything useful -
        | this is pure speculation on finding a greater fool later
        | on when you want to sell, if you're even thinking about
        | later on, because perhaps this will never end and it's
        | different this time.
        | 
        | People are buying and selling cryptocurrencies as they
        | did beanie babies or tulips...
        | 
        | https://theweek.com/articles/461977/great-beanie-baby-
        | bubble
 
        | viro wrote:
        | yes, most people are invested in crypto because they
        | wanna get rich with that 355% increase FULL STOP. No one
        | with a brain uses it as currency. For the same reason
        | that inflation is ALWAYS better than deflation. you lose
        | money using bitcoin to buy something.
 
        | reedf1 wrote:
        | Can confirm, had my lobotomy scheduled after the first
        | time I was paid in btc.
 
        | viro wrote:
        | thank you, that was pretty funny.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > yes, most people are invested in crypto because they
        | wanna get rich with that 355% increase FULL STOP.
        | 
        | Wanting to get rich is an excellent incentive for anyone.
        | Most other incentives (e.g. altruism) quickly become
        | perverse as they devolve into status-seeking or coercion
        | through force or in subsidisation and centralised
        | planning.
        | 
        | In fact, without that desire to get rich (acquire
        | resources), it's hard to imagine businesses being
        | incentivised to provide value to the largest number of
        | people in the most efficient way possible. The profit
        | motive is the best incentive humans have encountered
        | because, in a society that respects individual freedom
        | and property rights, the profit motive forces us to
        | innovate to provide others with value in order to receive
        | value from them.
 
        | allturtles wrote:
        | But if acquiring currency and holding it causes you to
        | get rich, that's a serious defect. That means it won't
        | get spent which means the economy grinds to a halt and
        | depression ensues. This is not a feature we want for a
        | currency.
 
        | grey-area wrote:
        | Haven't you heard? It's not a currency any more so it
        | doesn't need to be actually used. It's now an asset like
        | no other, with zero use value but infinite exchange
        | value.
 
        | noch wrote:
        | > if acquiring currency and holding it causes you to get
        | rich, that's a serious defect. That means it won't get
        | spent which means the economy grinds to a halt and
        | depression ensues.
        | 
        | I like you was severely brainwashed to believe that
        | inflation and debasement of a currency is great! My
        | father's friend worked at the IMF and would dismiss my
        | notions of deflation as childish. I studied Finance and
        | Mathematics and never once was your view of money
        | seriously questioned.
        | 
        | But it's a lie. In fact, if you think from first
        | principles, you realise that saving, not spending, is the
        | key to economic growth and individual prosperity.[0]
        | 
        | Think about what you were saying: you're effectively
        | claiming that money should be worthless, in which case,
        | why bother trying to earn it? You want to work for and to
        | be paid something valuable not something worthless which
        | you want to throw away as soon as you get it. You want
        | your money to be good enough to save. Saving allows us to
        | defer present consumption for future benefits.
        | 
        | The idea that people will never spend their bitcoin is
        | absurd. Humans have needs that they can't get away from.
        | They also have desires to indulge. They will buy stuff
        | and at the same time they will be incentivised to be
        | prudent if they adopt a Bitcoin Standard. We should want
        | our communities to be prudent.
        | 
        | [0]: https://mises.org/wire/saving-not-spending-engine-
        | economic-g...
 
        | allturtles wrote:
        | I didn't say currency should be worthless. Obviously a
        | worthless currency is... worthless. Saving for the future
        | is great. There are lots of ways to save money sans BTC,
        | holding currency just usually isn't one of them.
        | 
        | I don't think bringing in "brainwashing" is helpful to
        | discussion.
 
      | esotericn wrote:
      | Hi, I do, and that's why I use it.
      | 
      | You don't need to :)
 
        | grey-area wrote:
        | I'm pleased somebody does use it for the intended purpose
        | :)
 
    | lottin wrote:
    | > Determining fully decentralized consensus
    | 
    | But this only solves a problem specific to bitcoin that no
    | one else has, because no one else keeps a centralised
    | database with every transaction, so I'm not sure it counts as
    | an advantage.
 
    | betterunix2 wrote:
    | "fully decentralized consensus"
    | 
    | Can someone define this term? Do we ignore P2P bootstrapping
    | issues? Do we ignore the roll of IANA, RIRs, and other
    | authorities that manage IP address and ASN assignments?
    | 
    | Or perhaps more to the point, why would it not work to have a
    | consortium of banks set up and operate a distributed public
    | ledger (thus avoiding the energy-intensive "mining" process)?
 
      | DennisP wrote:
      | You don't even need a consortium to avoid the energy-
      | intensive mining. Ethereum's beacon chain has been running
      | a low-energy consensus process for months with no problems
      | so far, and $5 billion in ETH participating, on about 100K
      | nodes. They haven't migrated the legacy chain to it yet but
      | that's coming in a year or so.
 
      | ric2b wrote:
      | > Do we ignore the roll of IANA, RIRs, and other
      | authorities that manage IP address and ASN assignments?
      | 
      | Yes, because Bitcoin doesn't have those issues. It follows
      | the chain with the largest amount of PoW, it doesn't matter
      | where it comes from.
 
  | louwrentius wrote:
  | Well, I think they aren't any good for anything. They seem to
  | be a solution to a problem nobody has. [0]
  | 
  | [0]: https://louwrentius.com/cryptocurrencies-are-detrimental-
  | to-...
 
  | mensetmanusman wrote:
  | If tens of thousands of folks like yourself had mined and kept
  | the coins, it wouldn't be nearly as valuable as it is today.
  | 
  | It's a deflationary asset, meaning the less it gets used the
  | more valuable it is.
 
    | squarehorse wrote:
    | How do you make that out? There would still be the same
    | amount of bitcoin in circulation.
 
    | minitoar wrote:
    | I don't follow your logic here. How would more mining early
    | on have impacted the Bitcoin price?
 
  | golemotron wrote:
  | Inflation-proof store of value.
 
    | darkstar999 wrote:
    | By trading inflation for volatility?
 
    | betterunix2 wrote:
    | Anything of value that is not the currency used in your
    | country meets that definition, and most of those things do
    | not consume vast amounts of electricity.
 
    | mortehu wrote:
    | Only a given bitcoin fork is inflation proof. Bitcoin itself
    | is infinitely forkable, and if someone greatly improves the
    | experience of creating and trading forks, we're at risk of
    | inflation in a way fiat currencies are not.
 
  | castlecrasher2 wrote:
  | I'm in the same boat. The more I think about it the more it
  | seems any cryptocurrency is essentially Monopoly money
  | obfuscated by complexity.
 
  | Rallerbabs wrote:
  | Follow the big money.
  | 
  | Michael Saylor from Microstrategies: $1B.
  | 
  | Elon Musk from Tesla: $1.5B.
  | 
  | GrayScale: not sure how many dollars, but they own >550,000
  | bitcoins.
  | 
  | Big money is of the opinion that bitcoin is an excellent store
  | of value.
  | 
  | Only a matter of time before it becomes a medium of exchange.
  | 
  | And later on, a unit of account.
  | 
  | By that time, you won't be asking yourself what 1 bitcoin is
  | worth anymore.
  | 
  | Things will be priced in bitcoin. And those who have it, have
  | it good.
 
    | NickM wrote:
    | _Things will be priced in bitcoin._ You mean like how things
    | are priced in gold now? Oh wait, we got off the gold standard
    | specifically because of its high short-run volatility.
    | Hmm....
 
      | Rallerbabs wrote:
      | Gold never even moved to medium of exchange. It couldn't.
      | 
      | Bitcoin can. And then it can move on to unit of account.
 
    | janvanbergen wrote:
    | Bitcoin will never become a standard currency, it's slow, it
    | has zero privacy (if I send you money once you can see ALL my
    | transactions), it is EXTREMELY energy inefficient. Even if
    | you believe crypto will one day become the standard (which I
    | dont), it won't be bitcoin because there are better
    | alternatives; proof of work is dumb, bitcoin has a finite
    | supply of bitcoins, etc.
 
      | mnx wrote:
      | The finite supply is a feature, not a bug. I agree there
      | are many aspects of bitcoin that suck, but not this one. We
      | are right now witnessing many governments printing more and
      | more money, which makes it less and less valuable. Bitcoin
      | avoids that.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | There is absolutely nothing about bitcoin that sucks. It
        | is exactly what it needs to be: the world's hardest store
        | of value.
        | 
        | Every design decision comes with trade offs. All the
        | right trade offs have been made. If you'd reinvent it
        | from scratch, you'd end up with the exact same thing.
        | 
        | The only thing about bitcoin that sucks, is that
        | nocoiners don't have any. And they won't have any until
        | it's $1M.
        | 
        | Nobody wants to be the first. But everybody wants to be
        | second.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | Limited supply does not make things valuable per se.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | It does if there's demand for it.
        | 
        | And there's been growing demand for bitcoin for 12 years
        | and counting.
        | 
        | It's deflationary by design. But by all means, stick to
        | your government money.
        | 
        | Printer goes brrrrrrrrr.
 
        | bccdee wrote:
        | You realize deflation is bad, right? There's a reason why
        | the central bank deliberately keeps inflation at a steady
        | 2%. Slow, steady inflation is the ideal.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | Store your value in fiat then, if you enjoy watching
        | icecubes melt so much.
 
        | bccdee wrote:
        | Nah, I keep it in a mutual fund. That's the point of
        | inflation -- spend or invest, but don't just sit on it.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | I invested my inflationary fiat in deflationary bitcoin.
        | 
        | I sit on it while it appreciates.
        | 
        | Number go up.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | The value of bitcoin increases because people speculate,
        | not because the number of them is fixed. I bet there are
        | hundreds of crypto currencies that have fixed or
        | decreasing stock that keep losing value, or are already
        | worthless.
 
        | colinmhayes wrote:
        | It's a shitty feaure advocated for by people who are
        | proud of being ignorant. Fiat currency and monetary
        | policy is largely responsible for the economic success of
        | the last century.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | There will be greater economic success in the current
        | century, due to better money: bitcoin.
 
        | totalZero wrote:
        | Central banking does have some benefits. Printing money
        | can make a currency more valuable if it reduces
        | volatility, because that draws more participants into the
        | currency.
        | 
        | > The finite supply is a feature, not a bug.
        | 
        | Finite supply means that a guy who mined a bunch of
        | bitcoin in his dorm room in 2011 because the university
        | gave him free electricity can move the price when he
        | decides to sell.
 
        | Ekaros wrote:
        | Feature that can be changed. Specially if armies come to
        | play... After all whole feature set is consensus of
        | miners, not the users...
        | 
        | State actors have good handle on violence. And then you
        | better be on the same chain as they are, or it's jail
        | time...
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | Features that can't be changed. Certainly not when armies
        | come to play.
        | 
        | You can change the bitcoin source code to have more coins
        | and deal out half to yourself first. That's the easy
        | part.
        | 
        | But then comes the part where you have to convince the
        | whole world that _your_ chain is the one, true bitcoin.
        | 
        | Good luck with that.
 
      | nprz wrote:
      | Other comments in this thread are claiming bitcoin makes it
      | much easier to launder money. So which is it? Zero privacy
      | or increased privacy and anonymity?
 
        | NickM wrote:
        | Decreased privacy for everyday users. Increased privacy
        | for those with the time, resources, and incentives to
        | find ways to orchestrate transfers that can't be tied
        | back to them. In other words, the worst of both worlds.
 
        | nprz wrote:
        | How come so few Silk Road market place vendors were
        | arrested if it decreased privacy? Many people on the SR
        | were just everyday users. I don't think the argument that
        | it's a step down in privacy is valid at all.
 
        | colinmhayes wrote:
        | It's completely possible to remain anonymous with btc,
        | but a big enough pain in the ass that only people who are
        | committing crimes will do it. Everyone else will at some
        | point link their identity to their wallet and all of
        | their transaction and transaction amounts are then public
        | record.
 
        | nprz wrote:
        | Yes, but the option is there. How does one protect their
        | identity with a credit card transaction? The argument
        | that BTC is not private doesn't seem to hold up.
 
        | renewiltord wrote:
        | I guess we could go through a challenge. You set up a
        | Stripe page or some such thing and someone else can set
        | up a BTC wallet. I will spend a dollar with my CC on your
        | Stripe site and I will spend a dollar equivalent to that
        | BTC wallet.
        | 
        | Then I will make two other secret transactions with the
        | CC and the BTC wallet. You can each then try to identify
        | the targets and the sums spent in the secret
        | transactions.
        | 
        | Whoever identifies gets some sum of money from the other.
        | I'm happy to escrow for you.
 
        | beambot wrote:
        | Let's be real: Everyday users just resort to credit
        | cards, which have zero privacy. Only those with the time,
        | resources, & incentives to transact away from credit
        | cards get increased privacy.
 
        | mdoms wrote:
        | My CC statement is not on a public distributed ledger.
 
        | nprz wrote:
        | You are fooling yourself if you believe using a credit
        | card affords you any kind of privacy.
        | 
        | https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/consumer-
        | privac...
 
        | mdoms wrote:
        | My CC statement is not on a public distributed ledger.
 
        | nprz wrote:
        | Who cares? You have the option to completely anonymize
        | your transactions with BTC, this option does not exist
        | with credit cards, in fact you have no idea who is doing
        | what with your data. If privacy is your concern, BTC is
        | the superior option.
 
        | bccdee wrote:
        | If you want to launder money, you need to shuffle your
        | cash through a dozen shady shells at a fee. If you want
        | to just send people money, that's not anonymous at all.
 
      | Rallerbabs wrote:
      | These are all the same uninformed arguments that every
      | newcomer thinks of. It's all incorrect, and if you'd want
      | to learn correct info, then you'd be able to do so.
      | 
      | It's important that you do it yourself. Because when I tell
      | you it, it isn't going to land.
      | 
      | Your ideologies don't matter. The world won't let you force
      | them onto it. The reality of the situation, is that all the
      | big money believes bitcoin has a large role to play in the
      | future of the world economy.
      | 
      | And this is true.
      | 
      | Screenshot this. Message me in 2030. Let's reevaluate.
 
    | scottLobster wrote:
    | Big money can write it off as a business expense on their
    | taxes if it goes down. The average individual doesn't have
    | that upside.
 
      | derwiki wrote:
      | Why wouldn't an individual be able to claim a capital loss?
 
        | [deleted]
 
        | kingaillas wrote:
        | Individuals can, but those are subject to a cap of $3000
        | against income.
        | 
        | I'm no tax expert but I think the point the OP was making
        | is businesses have more options for writing off lossess -
        | they can drum up other things to apply a loss towards.
        | Thus, a business can effectively write off more of the
        | loss than an individual can.
 
      | Grustaf wrote:
      | Unlike other investment decisions you mean?
 
        | scottLobster wrote:
        | My point is it's easier to gamble when you have corporate
        | tax advantages.
        | 
        | These are rich people/companies putting non-existential
        | amounts of money into something new in the off chance it
        | pays off. Best case scenario they get even richer, worse
        | case scenario they pay a lot less in taxes. Either way
        | their lifestyle/needs will be met and the business will
        | continue.
        | 
        | For the average individual: Best case scenario they get
        | rich. Worst case scenario their investment goes to zero
        | or close to it and they get a max 3k tax deduction on
        | their taxable income. Their lifestyle/future savings
        | could be greatly impacted by the loss, certainly far more
        | than the businesses/rich people in question would suffer.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | What I meant was, how is any of this an argument for
        | investing specifically in Bitcoins?
        | 
        | In any case, if a corporate makes an investment and loses
        | the money, you are correct that this will lower the tax
        | base and hence the total taxes paid, but that will of
        | course only cover a small part of the loss.
        | 
        | I don't know the tax implications for individuals in the
        | US investing in stocks, but in Sweden there's not much
        | difference if you're a company or an individual, you'll
        | still be able to deduct losses.
        | 
        | Finally, if a company invest a large part of their
        | capital in Bitcoin and it goes to zero, that is just as
        | catastrophic for the company as it would be for an
        | individual, it just depends on how much of the "savings"
        | were invested.
 
    | k2enemy wrote:
    | Follow the big money? The total "market value" of bitcoin is
    | a rounding error in the global economy. Many individual
    | companies have a larger market cap.
 
      | Rallerbabs wrote:
      | The total market cap of crypto is now larger than Google.
      | 
      | Thanks for playing.
 
      | peanut_worm wrote:
      | Bitcoin has a market cap of something like 1 trillion
      | dollars right now I would hardly call that a rounding error
 
    | majewsky wrote:
    | > Big money is of the opinion that bitcoin is an excellent
    | store of value. Only a matter of time before it becomes a
    | medium of exchange.
    | 
    | By that same logic, I should be able to pay for my groceries
    | with Apple stocks by now.
 
      | Rallerbabs wrote:
      | Nope. That's what a medium of exchange is for.
      | 
      | Bitcoin isn't at that phase yet.
      | 
      | For any new money, it goes like this:
      | 
      | 1. Store of value. 2. Medium of exchange. 3. Unit of
      | account.
      | 
      | In that order. Cumulatively.
 
        | JumpCrisscross wrote:
        | > _For any new money, it goes like this: 1. Store of
        | value. 2. Medium of exchange. 3. Unit of account._
        | 
        | I'm struggling to think of a currency that started as a
        | store of value _and then_ became a medium of exchange.
        | Most currencies [1] started out worthless for good
        | theoretical reasons. If they _started_ valuable, they'd
        | be subject to Gresham's law and not transacted.
        | 
        | [1] The U.S. dollar, pounds Sterling, the Euro, the Swiss
        | franc, money in the free banking era, Song Dynasty
        | jiaozi, _et cetera_
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | Read "The Bitcoin Standard" if you want that problem
        | solved.
 
        | Grustaf wrote:
        | It's a fun book and it accurately describes some of the
        | flaws with fiat money, at least as it is used now.
        | 
        | But the part where it tries to explain why Bitcoin is the
        | answer is laughable.
        | 
        | Almost as laughable as the part where he blames every
        | societal ill from the degeneration of art and onwards on
        | fiat currencies.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | No attempt at rational argument is made by you.
        | 
        | Argument irrelevant.
 
        | dang wrote:
        | You've been breaking the site guidelines egregiously in
        | this thread, and in other threads. We ban accounts that
        | do that. Would you please review
        | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and
        | stick to the rules when posting here?
        | 
        | I'm not going to ban you right now because you've posted
        | some good comments too, but if you keep posting comments
        | like these ones we're going to have to. Please correct.
 
        | wcoenen wrote:
        | Bitcoin's usage as a medium of exchange appears to be
        | decreasing, not increasing.
        | 
        | If you look for graphs showing the growth of merchants
        | accepting bitcoin over time, you'll notice they're all
        | out of date. That's because at some point after 2016 it
        | stopped growing and people lost interest in this metric.
        | This happened when the block size limit was reached: the
        | result was higher transaction fees and unpredictable
        | confirmation times. In 2018 it got so bad there was
        | basically a civil war in the community about it and
        | bitcoin cash forked. Today the average transaction fee is
        | $19.
        | 
        | So I don't think we're on the path you envision. If
        | bitcoin continues to be successful, I expect it will be
        | used as an international settlement system by large
        | corporations and financial institutions only.
 
      | andreygrehov wrote:
      | No, it's not the same. Bitcoin is like gold, which you also
      | can't use to pay for groceries. A better example is if you
      | were to physically mail bars of gold vs digitally sending
      | Bitcoin.
 
    | kybernetikos wrote:
    | > Only a matter of time before it becomes a medium of
    | exchange.
    | 
    | It is impossible for BTC to become a medium of exchange
    | without significant technical upgrades that the core
    | developers have so far been hostile to.
    | 
    | Although it was a goal of the original bitcoin project (and
    | continues to be for BCH and others), it is not a goal of the
    | BTC community and it is incredibly unlikely that it will ever
    | happen.
 
      | Rallerbabs wrote:
      | Utter baloney. Lightning Network will deliver.
      | 
      | As for BTC vs BCH... the market has spoken: BTC is the one,
      | true bitcoin.
 
        | kybernetikos wrote:
        | Markets discover prices, not truth.
 
        | Rallerbabs wrote:
        | The truth is that BCH fanbois are REKT.
 
    | kybernetikos wrote:
    | > Follow the big money
    | 
    | I worry that companies like PayPal are interested in btc
    | precisely because they know it won't ever threaten them.
 
    | meowface wrote:
    | I wouldn't be shocked if one bitcoin is worth $1 million in
    | ten years, but I would honestly be shocked if it were being
    | used as a medium of exchange. I see it as less probable than
    | people mailing gold bars back and forth to each other.
    | 
    | I unironically think Dogecoin has a much higher chance than
    | Bitcoin of being a legitimate and popular medium of exchange
    | in the future, in part because the supply isn't capped.
    | 
    | I think cryptocurrency may drive a lot of commerce in the
    | coming decades as an actual payment mechanism rather than a
    | speculative security, but, if so, I don't think it'll be
    | Bitcoin that wins that race. I suspect the value will still
    | be fluctuating frequently and violently in ten years.
 
      | Rallerbabs wrote:
      | Don't see how you can compare a virtual asset to a physical
      | one and then somehow think the virtual asset is harder to
      | manage then the physical one?
 
  | siculars wrote:
  | This is the classic trap of "failure of imagination". Failure
  | of imagination can be fatal in that it obscures your vision of
  | the future due to your own biases, perspective and lack of
  | knowledge. It is critical for people to seek out knowledge they
  | do not possess and perspectives they do not have.
 
  | blhack wrote:
  | Do you understand what the purpose of money is? It allows you
  | to abstract your work into a (near) universally acceptable
  | intermediary.
  | 
  | For instance: I am _great_ at writing web APIs in golang, but
  | unfortunately for me the people coming to my house today to
  | deliver a dumpster (we 're doing some spring cleaning) do not
  | accept "golang apis" as a method of payment.
  | 
  | So I find somebody wants "golang APIs", agree to exchange with
  | them for some money, and then use that money to pay the
  | dumpster guys.
  | 
  | Money is a _hugely_ innovative concept which has obviously
  | driven a huge amount of innovation (now you can do work like
  | "write golang APIs" instead of only doing things like "grow
  | potatoes").
  | 
  | Does that help you understand what the point of bitcoin is?
 
    | anthonypasq wrote:
    | what does this have to do with cryptocurrency?
    | 
    | You already do that now. its called a job.
 
      | blhack wrote:
      | None of my customers pay me in potatoes, dumpsters, or iced
      | coffee/chocolate chip scones. They pay my in _money_ ,
      | which I then give to the person at the coffee shop and she
      | gives me the coffee.
      | 
      | And then the coffee shop people give that money to their
      | landlord, the power company, the coffee bean people, and
      | also their employees.
      | 
      | ---
      | 
      | It seems like such bad faith arguments to claim that
      | bitcoin doesn't have a use. It has an _obvious_ use. HNers
      | might not agree that it solves the problem it claims to
      | solve, but if that 's what you think then _argue that_. Don
      | 't pretend like you "don't understand" what the purpose is.
 
        | anthonypasq wrote:
        | yes thank you, im aware of how money is different than
        | bartering. What does this have to do with cryptocurrency?
 
        | blhack wrote:
        | >crypto _currency_
        | 
        | Bitcoin is a crypto CURRENCY. It IS money.
 
        | jcranmer wrote:
        | Bitcoin calls itself money, but that doesn't make it
        | money any more than calling my cat currency would make it
        | money.
        | 
        | As far as governments have ruled in tax law, Bitcoin and
        | other cryptocurrencies are not treated as foreign
        | currency.
 
        | darthrupert wrote:
        | People use it as money, so it is money. If people used
        | acorns as money, then acorns would be money.
        | 
        | You don't need to complicate this further.
 
    | dkarp wrote:
    | This doesn't really answer why bitcoin though. Because we
    | already have money that we've been using for a good long
    | time.
    | 
    | The problem is that money now is issued by governments.
    | Governments are on average only governing one country,
    | although sometimes more as with the Euro. In other words, it
    | is not universal, so if you want to exchange some money for
    | goods and services then you need to find the right money for
    | the country the service is in.
    | 
    | Globalisation means we often want goods and services from
    | other countries. But then we always need to find the right
    | money for that country or use some de facto universal money
    | like USD. But then you're always exchanging money or letting
    | the US government (who control USD) exert some control over
    | you, even though you could be outside the US buying a
    | good/service from a non-US entity.
    | 
    | Bitcoin gives you a universal money. Once you have it, you
    | can exchange it for goods or services without caring about
    | where the recipient is. And you don't have to worry that
    | you've now created a universal money that is controlled by
    | one non-universal entity like the USA.
    | 
    | At least that is the idea
 
    | mattmanser wrote:
    | No, because Bitcoin is not money, and if the only way you can
    | talk about it is by referring to a different concept it's
    | clear that you don't understand Bitcoin either.
 
| [deleted]
 
| moonbug wrote:
| Bitcoin needs to be exterminated.
 
| acd wrote:
| The economy does not account for the environment, that is what is
| wrong with the current economic system. Bitcoin did not fix that,
| but it fixes that there is no central bank other than miners.
 
| progforlyfe wrote:
| If I understand the system correctly, the vast majority of
| bitcoin energy consumption comes from the mining process, which
| is not strictly required (at least not anymore, with 18+ million
| BTC now mined and in circulation). I can spin up the bitcoin
| software on my home PC to participate in the network, sending and
| receiving bitcoin, and confirming some transactions, and the
| power consumed would be low. Much less than running a 4k graphics
| 3D game.
| 
| Because of that, banning bitcoin ownership and trading seems to
| be overkill or missing the point... Just regulate/limit mining,
| or even better put a capacity on electricity usage or have tiers
| where the more you use, the more expensive it is, making mining
| not worth it after a certain point.
| 
| All that said, government regulation will be extremely
| challenging here as it would require cooperation of nearly every
| country on Earth, and we've seen how difficult that is.
 
  | nly wrote:
  | No, the expensive mining process is required to build the block
  | chain and prevent double spending. It is also used to determine
  | who gets block rewards (transaction fees). Bitcoin will
  | continue to consume more and more power forever
 
  | celticninja wrote:
  | You don't understand the system correctly. Mining bitcoins is
  | also confirming transactions, which is the sending and
  | receiving of bitcoins. Yes you could use your home PC but you
  | would never find a block and so never confirm a transaction.
 
  | rich_sasha wrote:
  | Mining Bitcoin is a necessity if you want to transact, so you
  | can't eliminate it. Basically, validating transactions is very
  | costly, so people doing it get rewarded with "mined" bitcoin.
  | 
  | If miners stop mining, you cannot transact in it, at least with
  | the current "proof of work" approach. There are some
  | alternatives, like proof of stake, but they are not mainstream
  | yet.
 
  | ruste wrote:
  | The mining process is _how_ transactions are verified and
  | recorded. Bitcoin doesn't work without it. Mining is a
  | misnomer. You aren't finding bitcoin. It's a reward for solving
  | a problem that proves you participated in helping record
  | transactions for the network.
 
  | nannal wrote:
  | > Just regulate/limit mining, or even better put a capacity on
  | electricity usage or have tiers where the more you use, the
  | more expensive it is, making mining not worth it after a
  | certain point.
  | 
  | Isn't that the exact method used, electricity is metered, the
  | more you use, the more expensive it is.
  | 
  | Yes it drives up the price for everyone else because there's
  | demand, but by that argument we would need to look at other
  | energy intensive activities, like heating and driving, which
  | feels like a step backwards.
 
  | [deleted]
 
  | mrkeen wrote:
  | > Just regulate/limit mining
  | 
  | It's designed to be unregulatable.
  | 
  | It _already_ uses the model where you can decide not to mine if
  | it will cost you too much electricity.
 
| Mc_Big_G wrote:
| Are the calculations for traditional finance energy consumption
| accurate? Do they account for all of the physical devices
| required? Credit card readers, POS systems, banks, offices,
| credit cards, mailers, etc... It all requires an immense amount
| of oil and other resources to keep that machine rolling.
 
| sub7 wrote:
| Can't wait for the (American/Chinese/Russian) secret 4000 qubit
| computer to make a mockery of that ledger and all the culty
| idiots who bought into it.
| 
| There's a 0.9+ correlation between Tesla and BTC. If we're not
| near the end of the bubble, we're definitely not more than a few
| cycles away.
 
  | MaheshC wrote:
  | I like your ideas and username
 
| blondie9x wrote:
| Anyone who buys and takes part in mining this currency is taking
| part in the proliferation of climate change and the destruction
| of the planet. Until you can say all mining is done sustainably
| and all server production doesn't not use rare earth materials or
| cause significant e waste, mining and Bitcoin itself should be
| regulated. Period.
 
| brokencode wrote:
| Bitcoin is so fundamentally deficient that I am absolutely
| shocked by its continuing popularity. I've tried and tried to
| think of a legitimate purpose for it, but I'm confident that it
| doesn't have one.
| 
| It is just too slow and inefficient to be used as a currency, and
| I can't understand why anybody would use something so volatile as
| a value storage mechanism similar to gold.
| 
| Transactions provide extremely dubious privacy as well, and
| governments still control it to a large extent via the exchanges,
| since at the end of the day, you still need to convert it to cash
| for anything useful.
| 
| Its only true use is for wild speculation and greed. It just
| makes me sick to think of the energy wasted by this when we are
| on the brink of climate catastrophe.
 
  | anigbrowl wrote:
  | While I largely agree, the existence of volatile instruments
  | (in the abstract) is a Good Thing in that it offers the
  | possibility of rapid gains for people who are willing to accept
  | risk but only have a small pile of capital, sort of like a
  | poker game with no minimum stake (unless you want to treat the
  | transaction fees as such).
  | 
  | Where else can you take those sort of risks? Stock fads like
  | $GME are notable for their rarity because large capital holders
  | benefit more from stability than volatility. You could gamble
  | in a casino but people don't like betting against the house,
  | which fills the role of a market maker. Volatile instruments
  | like bitcoin are more like a casino where the dealer is paid a
  | fee per hand but is not a participant in the game.
 
    | perfunctory wrote:
    | > are notable for their rarity
    | 
    | If you consider that there are gazillion crypto currencies,
    | bitcoin is a rarity among them. How is it different from
    | stocks?
 
  | tippytippytango wrote:
  | Lots of people are paying for the energy the network uses right
  | now and they thought it was worth it. You might have missed
  | something in your thinking. Maybe go talk to some people that
  | have used the network and ask why they though it was worth it
  | to pay for all this energy.
 
    | brokencode wrote:
    | I know why, and I said as much in my original post. Bitcoin
    | is purely for speculation at this point. It's a money making
    | scheme. These people don't care about energy usage or
    | transaction fees as long as they are getting incredible
    | returns on their investment.
 
| keiferski wrote:
| Isn't this only a meaningful statistic when compared to the
| energy generated by current currency production and maintenance?
| Considering what the U.S. does to support the dollar, it's
| probably not even remotely a comparison.
 
| jude- wrote:
| There's lots of misdirected anger these last few days towards
| Bitcoin.
| 
| First, the only thing that's energy-intensive about Bitcoin is
| block production. Making transactions, relaying them, validating
| them and storing them have negligible energy cost.
| 
| Second, nothing about the Bitcoin protocol requires block
| production to use fossil fuels. Just like with _every other
| energy-intensive industry_ , the problem isn't the industry. The
| problem is the fossil fuel use.
| 
| Therefore, if you want to get mad about the high energy use of
| block production leading to environmental pollution, you should
| direct that anger at the appropriate target: miners who use
| fossil fuels to mine.
| 
| How do we fix this? The same way we fixed it in _every other
| energy-intensive industry_ : through taxes and regulation. Let's
| get some laws passed to _require_ miners in your area to use
| _only_ renewable energy, and to _require_ exchanges to impose a
| carbon tax on coins whose miners rely on fossil fuels to mine.
| Properly applied, these laws would make fossil-fuel mining
| unprofitable, which is exactly what we want.
| 
| Bitcoin and PoW aren't going anywhere at this point. So let's
| make sure it's continued existence doesn't make the world worse.
| Sound good?
 
| simonebrunozzi wrote:
| I'm tired of this BS about Bitcoin and pollution. So tired that
| yesterday I wrote this [0]. Of course you might be in complete
| disagreement with me, but please read it and let me know what you
| think. Be kind. I am trying to have a good conversation about it,
| not to impose my view.
| 
| [0]: https://simon.medium.com/bitcoin-and-pollution-the-
| definitiv...
 
  | addicted wrote:
  | You ask commenters to be kind and say you want to have a good
  | conversation but start your comment by declaring the viewpoint
  | you disagree with as BS.
  | 
  | I would suggest that is not an effective way of starting a
  | conversation.
 
    | simonebrunozzi wrote:
    | I should have explained the "BS" part at the beginning of my
    | comment in a different way.
    | 
    | I think that comparing Bitcoin energy consumption with a
    | country (it used to be Chile, now Argentina), while
    | technically correct, misses the big picture.
    | 
    | I also avoided a discussion on the true cost of having a
    | global currency like the US$, which one might argue pollutes
    | far more (military, etc).
 
      | JKCalhoun wrote:
      | > I think that comparing Bitcoin energy consumption with a
      | country (it used to be Chile, now Argentina), while
      | technically correct, misses the big picture.
      | 
      | I think a comparison like that actually _is_ the big
      | picture.
      | 
      | Maybe your arguments point though to more nuance.
 
    | newsclues wrote:
    | People don't want conversations about Bitcoin, they want to
    | defend their financial positions.
 
    | addicted wrote:
    | In the spirit of actually answering your question, first
    | let's just say that complaining about critics treating
    | something named BitCOIN by its creators and something that
    | has been promoted as an alternate currency from its creators
    | to at least a decade of its supporters as a currency (Its the
    | top cryptoCURRENCY) as currency is unfair to say the least.
    | 
    | The whole shift of calling it a store of value as opposed to
    | currency that Bitcoin supporters have started over the past
    | couple of years is very clearly a post hoc justification for
    | its existence.
    | 
    | The problem, however, is that BTC isn't even a very good
    | store of value. Golds pricing has never collapsed 10x over
    | the matter of months and nor has it risen 5-10x over the
    | matter of months. As a result BTC isn't even a very good
    | store of value.
    | 
    | It's currently, at best, a pure speculative asset. It's like
    | the GME trading from a week ago taken to its logical extreme.
    | A speculative asset that has no relationship to its
    | underlying fundamentals. Much like how GME's price was
    | completely divorced from any fundamentals of the company, BTC
    | is like saying let's do that thing, but why even bother with
    | tethering GME the stock to an underlying company. Let it just
    | exist on its own.
    | 
    | That's what BTC is at the moment. GME if GameStop didn't
    | exist.
 
  | Nursie wrote:
  | It's not BS. The world in general is trying to find ways to be
  | more energy efficient and up pops bitcoin, now using more power
  | than a country of 44 million people. It's ridiculous.
  | 
  | As is your reference on that article - "Most bitcoin mining is
  | using energy at the source that was uneconomical to use for
  | other purposes, because of the loss experienced in transporting
  | the energy to economic centers", which just links to one of
  | your own comments on HN!
  | 
  | The rest appears to be handwaving - "Gold is worse!" or "It'll
  | move to proof of stake!"
  | 
  | (edit: the link to the comment is not the OPs own, but it is an
  | HN comment which just contains an assertion about green energy
  | use)
 
    | purple_ferret wrote:
    | >which just links to one of your own comments on HN!
    | 
    | I found this bit hilarious. I guess he's banking on people
    | not actually clicking the source links? Medium journalism at
    | its finest.
 
    | simonebrunozzi wrote:
    | What I meant by "BS" is that most discussions about Bitcoin
    | and its polluting effects are very superficial, and ignore
    | some of the facts that I try to highlight in my post.
    | 
    | > just links to one of your own comments on HN!
    | 
    | No, the comment that I reference on HN is not mine, it's by
    | someone else. BTW, I quite agree with it.
    | 
    | > The rest appears to be handwaving
    | 
    | I don't see why. We have used, and are still using, Gold as
    | store of value. Each year gold pollutes tens of times more
    | than Bitcoin. The ones criticizing Bitcoin should have been
    | criticizing Gold all along; and they should criticize Gold
    | way more than Bitcoin even now.
 
      | Nursie wrote:
      | > No, the comment that I reference on HN is not mine, it's
      | by someone else. BTW, I quite agree with it.
      | 
      | Ok, misread that. Either way it's just an HN comment, it's
      | not proof of anything much. Gold mining is terribly
      | polluting, yep, but your attitude to it is pretty much the
      | definition of whataboutery.
 
      | betterunix2 wrote:
      | Mining gold is environmentally problematic, but no new gold
      | needs to be mined when gold is transferred from one person
      | to another. Bitcoin transactions require new blocks to be
      | added to the block chain, and therefore more "mining" must
      | take place.
      | 
      | There is a bigger problem, however. If a gold miner finds a
      | more energy-efficient mining process, they will use it
      | because it is more profitable. No technological
      | improvements make Bitcoin mining more energy efficient
      | (miners are incentivized to expand their operation rather
      | than to mine at the same rate using less power), because
      | the whole point of Bitcoin mining is to prove that
      | electricity was utilized. That means that there is no real
      | solution to Bitcoin's pollution problem, other than
      | scrapping Bitcoin entirely and replacing it with something
      | more energy-efficient (like a distributed ledger operated
      | by a consortium of banks).
 
        | Biganon wrote:
        | Bitcoin's energy consumption is a function of the number
        | of miners, not the numbers of users. Just because more
        | people transfer and use bitcoin doesn't mean more energy
        | is used.
 
        | betterunix2 wrote:
        | Every transaction requires at least one block (typically
        | several) to be added to the block chain, and the block
        | size limit means that, in fact, energy consumption in
        | Bitcoin is proportional to the number of transactions.
        | Beyond technical details, there is also the economic
        | incentive: miners are paid to include transactions in new
        | blocks, and if there are more transactions (thus higher
        | demand) the fee will rise and miners will consume more
        | power in order to collect the higher fees.
 
        | mikeyjk wrote:
        | Transfers use energy, though
 
      | afavour wrote:
      | > No, the comment that I reference on HN is not mine, it's
      | by someone else. BTW, I quite agree with it.
      | 
      | I've seen this claim made a few times now: that most
      | Bitcoin is mined using renewables, at source. Where's the
      | actual evidence for it?
 
        | sneak wrote:
        | In general it isn't very profitable to mine bitcoin using
        | power that isn't extremely discounted.
 
        | afavour wrote:
        | That is
        | 
        | a) not the same as the original claim
        | 
        | b) not evidence
 
    | hobofan wrote:
    | How do we determine how much/little energy usage is
    | acceptable though? Is it okay for Google to use about as much
    | energy as Tunisia? Maybe Bitcoin provides more economical
    | value than Argentina? How much energy has and is being
    | expended during the mining of all the gold that is just being
    | used as store of value?
    | 
    | (Mostly playing devil's advocate here. I would personally be
    | for strong carbon taxes on electricity.)
 
      | Nursie wrote:
      | > How do we determine how much/little energy usage is
      | acceptable though?
      | 
      | Well, a purely electronic financial instrument that pretty
      | much by definition cannot produce anything, and provides
      | little but an arena for speculation, would seem to me to be
      | a bad thing to introduce to a world that's trying to reduce
      | energy use.
      | 
      | If you want to get into "well people clearly value it", the
      | evidence being the money they pump in, well then any energy
      | expenditure is justified if it is profitable, and this
      | conversation is pointless.
      | 
      | > How much energy has and is being expended during the
      | mining of all the gold
      | 
      | This is just whataboutery. Gold can be a problem as well.
 
  | tgb wrote:
  | You'll have a hard time convincing people that Bitcoin is OK by
  | comparing it gold since most people who think Bitcoin is
  | wasteful would also think mining of gold is very wasteful.
  | Moreover, I feel like you're making the mistake you highlight
  | in your first paragraph: conflating 'mining' in gold with
  | 'mining' in BTC. Bitcoin mining is necessary for transactions
  | to occur, not so for gold. It's a very foggy comparison as far
  | as I can tell.
  | 
  | Your comparison to VISA links to a source that says that better
  | comparison is Fedwire and that it only settles 1% of the money
  | that FedWire does. So Bitcoin significantly loses to VISA in
  | transaction count and FedWire in value settled. So I'm not
  | convinced by your argument. And how much energy does Fedwire
  | use? Presumably much less than VISA.
 
    | FlownScepter wrote:
    | It would be more apt to comparing the cost of transacting
    | Bitcoin to that of _recycling_ gold instead of mining it,
    | which is not zero, but is substantially less than mining and
    | that 's where again, Bitcoin takes another lump. Recycled
    | gold is useful; it's a precious metal obviously and one
    | immune to most forms of oxidation, so once reclaimed, it can
    | be used again in the next generation of smartphones and what
    | have you.
    | 
    | Gold is however undoubtedly a good comparison pick for
    | Bitcoin; it's something with a few natural pros on it's side
    | that's been hideously overvalued for largely irrational
    | reasons. Like... this metal is advertised as the "right"
    | basis to back currency but I also have some of it in nearly
    | every gadget I own? Then how rare can it possibly be if a
    | small amount comes in a $15 audio decoder for goodness
    | sakes!?
 
  | qznc wrote:
  | I like it.
  | 
  | Is Bitcoin mining comparable to gold mining? It should rather
  | be compared to the logistics and trading of gold maybe?
 
  | purple_ferret wrote:
  | reads like another whataboutism article
 
  | avaldeso wrote:
  | >VISA handles $30B/day >Mastercard handles $11B/day >Bitcoin
  | handles $10B/day
  | 
  | Impressed. I didn't know Bitcoin transactions accounted for
  | such huge volume almost as large as MasterCard. I use MC almost
  | every day for almost everything. Is there people like, entirely
  | living with BTC?
 
    | mns wrote:
    | I think it's more like I can create a currency, say that one
    | myCoin is worth $5B, do 2 transactions of 1 myCoin and I can
    | claim that I handle $10B/day.
 
      | avaldeso wrote:
      | Oh ok. So, this 10B are just people buying and selling BTC?
      | It seems the author is fighting BS with more BS.
 
    | jsjohnst wrote:
    | Looking at the transaction amounts isn't very informative, as
    | one is primarily used as a speculative asset, the other two
    | are actual payment methods. A better comparison would be
    | looking at daily trading volume on the stock market.
    | 
    | To help put the difference more in scope, Visa and MasterCard
    | each did over 100 billion payment transactions (nearly 300B
    | combined) in 2019[0], yet Bitcoin still is over 3 orders of
    | magnitude lower at around ~130 million (350k daily average x
    | 365 days). The key distinction is the fact that the average
    | Bitcoin transaction (currently ~$100k) is far higher than the
    | average credit card transaction.
    | 
    | [0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/261327/number-of-per-
    | car...
 
| kaba0 wrote:
| What's your opinion on Corda? It has a different view on trust,
| than other cryptos (and it is not even crypto if we are being
| pedantic)
 
| simias wrote:
| If this trend continue we may well seal our fate by crunching
| useless numbers at a global scale for the sake of greed and
| because we seem incapable of trusting each other.
| 
| If this was written in a novel we'd deem it a bit too much on the
| nose really.
 
  | sparkie wrote:
  | The greed is the chairs of central banks and the policymakers
  | who are debasing other monies (some people benefit more than
  | others from this).
  | 
  | If they weren't debasing other people's hard earned value,
  | there would be no need for bitcoin.
  | 
  | But since they are, and are doing it at an increasing pace, the
  | demand for bitcoin is inevitable.
 
    | simias wrote:
    | You'll have to explain to me how replacing inflationary
    | currencies with a deflationary one makes any sense in that
    | context. Inflationary currencies punish those hoarding money,
    | deflationary currencies reward them.
    | 
    | The idea that bitcoin is good for the less fortunate and bad
    | for rich people is pure propaganda and not based on reality.
    | It's going to make a bunch of early adopters very rich, and
    | that's about it.
 
  | minikites wrote:
  | We've already destroyed the planet through greed (let's be
  | real, we're not going to fix climate change). If you were a
  | writer you would be writing history, not speculative fiction.
 
| sildur wrote:
| The sudden barrage of anti-bitcoin news looks slightly
| suspicious.
 
| axiosgunnar wrote:
| When arguing with a Bitcoin-fanatic, try this line:
| 
| "Yeah I agree that cryptocurrencies are interesting, perhaps some
| day one will replace the USD. It will probably not be Bitcoin,
| but rather some other cryptocurrency".
| 
| Watch how they recoil!
| 
| For they have been found out, they do not actually care for
| financial freedom, etc., all these noble crypto goals which can
| also be achieved with a cryptocurrency that is not Bitcoin.
| 
| All they care about is their speculative investment in Bitcoin in
| particular, so it won't help them much if another crypto becomes
| the world standard.
| 
| It's probably <1% that are true believers and >99% that have
| missed out on a few bull runs and are now hoping to get rich
| quickly.
| 
| Really, try this line some time and you will come to the same
| conclusion.
 
| CyberRabbi wrote:
| Political clickbait. Many global activities use more electricity
| than Argentina. Please ban
 
| blondie9x wrote:
| Climate change progress is being offset by the rise of harvesting
| digital currencies and the mining and production of parts that go
| into computers that power the harvesting and production of the
| currency.
 
| bennybitcoin wrote:
| Hi HackerNews, I don't typically post but seeing as this involves
| what I do daily, thought my input might be warranted.
| 
| 1)Bitcoin mining by nature is a competitive game, people have
| flocked to cheapest power sources (unused hydro, solar, etc.)
| where the power costs are super low as that is the only recurring
| production cost.
| 
| 2)There are no batteries that are power plant sized..... other
| than Bitcoin. Bitcoin allows opportunities for unused power to
| generate instant profit for the producers.
| 
| 3)Because Bitcoin prices are currently soaring, it has opened up
| the profitability to mining in many areas with reasonably cheap
| power as essentially the global hashrate density can not catch up
| to adoption fast enough. In the long term, more and more
| efficient equipment will be manufactured and as the hashrate
| grows exponentially past the pace of mainstream adoption, the
| power usage again will need to be next to nothing to be
| competitive as the cost to produce 1 Bitcoin becomes harder and
| harder with increased competition and lower block rewards. *
| _Please understand that via Moore 's law continuance this is
| inevitable that hashrate will explode past the correlation to BTC
| prices due to more efficient chip technology increasing
| exponentially, and block rewards decreasing*
| 
| 4)In the future, Bitcoin will only be mined in places where
| electricity is nearly free as the rewards ($/TH) will be shrunk
| to next to nothing. That is the end goal. We are at an asymmetric
| point at the moment where the mining is behind adoption. But just
| as the internet took time to be adopted, so will Bitcoin. But
| adoption curves must always end, and at the terminal equilibrium
| the incentives to only use waste energy for mining will be
| restored.
| 
| 5)We are witnessing the birth of something A-M-A-Z-I-N-G that
| will completely change how banking and finance work on this
| planet forever. Of course there will be some growing pains along
| the way, but the future envisioned by Bitcoin is one of digital
| freedom, empowerment, and privacy. At the end of the day, you
| can't fight this tidal wave, all you can try to do is steer the
| technology towards your desired outcome.
| 
| So it is written, so it shall be.
| 
| All Hail Satoshi_
 
  | Apofis wrote:
  | So, where do we draw the line? At which percentage of all human
  | electric output do we say, maybe there's something wrong with
  | this picture? 1% total? 5% total? 20% total output? We're at
  | 0.59% now. Of all electricity we generate as a species.
 
| cryptica wrote:
| Bitcoin helps to solve a massive problem (centralization) so I
| wouldn't say it's not worth it. That said, there are many PoS and
| DPoS cryptocurrencies to choose from which use almost no
| electricity and would actually help to decentralize the economy
| much better than Bitcoin could on its own.
| 
| ...We can't achieve decentralization by pooling all of the
| world's money on a single asset. That makes no sense.
 
| werber wrote:
| I would love to see this done on a per country basis. Like x
| percent of y countries energy goes towards Bitcoin.
 
| inglor_cz wrote:
| Well, how much could you make selling Argentina?
| 
| Would there even be a buyer?
 
| dosenbrot wrote:
| I like the fun-facts on this page: "The amount of electricity
| consumed every year by always-on but inactive home devices in the
| USA alone could power the Bitcoin network for 1.8 years" Where is
| the discussion about the smart home devices using that much
| energy? This is horrible, thats twice as the Bitcoin network and
| this is just the USA. I would really like if someone estimate the
| energy usage (with all trucks and cars and people and companies
| and buildings and so on) of other things than just whole
| countries, maybe the "normal" financial system, or plastic
| bottles or something everyone is using (like idle smart devices).
| 
| I think most people missing the main point: Energy is to cheap.
| Most miners are in China, an they seem to pay nearly nothing for
| the energy (else they would'nt do it). This would mean they waste
| Energy on EVERYTHING, not only Bitcoin mining. In Germany I would
| never even think about mining Bitcoin, since I have to pay
| 0,35EUR per kWh. But if I would buy thousends of miners and waste
| 5MW of energy, I would have to pay roughtly 0,15EUR (maybe even
| just 0,05EUR). So wasting energy is profitable, is'nt this
| strange?
 
  | positr0n wrote:
  | I didn't have time to dig in to the sources but I wonder if
  | that fun fact is still true. Back in the day your VCR and TV
  | used to consume a large amount of power in standby. These days
  | a device on standby consumes pennies of power a year. Of course
  | there are a lot more electronics in the average home these
  | days...
 
  | ashtonkem wrote:
  | I've been getting ads from my power company about "energy
  | vampires" reminding me to turn off or unplug unwanted devices
  | for decades. There is an outrage about that wasted power;
  | you've just missed it.
  | 
  | Oh, and we're getting more efficient about household energy
  | usage every single day. Those always on lights used to be 60W
  | incandescent bulbs, now they're 6-7W LEDs. The same cannot be
  | said about the Bitcoin network, which is growing in energy
  | consumption.
 
| bcheung wrote:
| Unless BTC changes to a "proof of stake" model like the majority
| of other new cryptocurrencies that are out there, it will see a
| large chunk of its marketshare replaced.
| 
| There's already a big shift from BTC to more technically
| sophisticated solutions like Ethereum (ETH).
| 
| tThe newest protocols like Cardano (ADA) and Polkadot (DOT) are
| even more efficient in terms of number of transactions that can
| be securely handled per second.
| 
| Bitcoin also suffers from long wait times because you need to
| wait for the current block to be finalized. The sheer amount of
| electricity required just to confirm a transaction is not a
| viable long term solution for e-commerce.
 
| mudlus wrote:
| There's no energy index for the US military industrial complex,
| the entire US police force--but the primacy of fiat is based on
| the ability of an authority (for most of the world an
| authoritarian regime) to protect property through violent
| cohersion or violent force.
| 
| Bitcoin changes that. How much energy is a non-violent property
| protection commons system worth to humanity?
 
| jqpabc123 wrote:
| Bitcoin is Crypto 1.0.
| 
| There are better ways to do this. But people remain infatuated
| with Bitcoin.
 
  | doomroot wrote:
  | If something ever overtakes Bitcoin in the same way that
  | Facebook overtook MySpace it'll disprove the entire Bitcoin
  | thesis. Currencies have to be stable. I expect a winner take
  | all scenario here and Bitcoin to be that winner.
 
    | chrisco255 wrote:
    | What "Bitcoin thesis"? Nakamoto had no such assertions in the
    | original whitepaper that other cryptos would never outcompete
    | Bitcoin.
 
      | celticninja wrote:
      | The only way to out compete bitcoin now is on features.
      | Which if successful in an altcoin can easily be integrated
      | into bitcoin.
 
        | lawn wrote:
        | Bitcoin couldn't even raise the blocksize. It's
        | unimaginable that Bitcoin would ever include Monero's
        | feature set which is magnitudes more disruptive.
 
        | chrisco255 wrote:
        | "if" successful? Ethereum has had smart contracts now on-
        | chain for 5-6 years and they are producing new
        | abstractions and value add to the crypto ecosystem like
        | decentralized exchanges, derivatives, crypto
        | collectibles, savings and loans, conditional execution
        | logic of smart contract based on external data from
        | oracles (for things like prediction markets, insurance,
        | price feeds, etc), etc etc. Turing complete smart
        | contracts on-chain are a game changing innovation and
        | Bitcoin won't go near it. They have ossified the protocol
        | around the digital gold paradigm while Ethereum is
        | creating a whole new platform with distinct network
        | effects and value add. There's no reason why Ethereum's
        | market cap can't exceed Bitcoin's. You know, there's
        | asset classes that exceed gold's market cap, after all.
 
        | celticninja wrote:
        | Ethereum is the most interesting altcoin I agree but it
        | was always designed to be something sufficiently
        | different to bitcoin, unlike most altcoins.
        | 
        | However ethereums adoption is considerably below that of
        | bitcoin, possibly because the use cases are so varied
        | there is not one strong reason for involvement. There may
        | be many minor reasons that small specific groups have an
        | interest in it but that isn't sufficient for widespread
        | adoption.
        | 
        | The most important thing Ethereum is working on is PoS
        | over PoW, and that technology, I expect, will transfer to
        | bitcoin I'd Ethereum implements it successfully first
 
        | mikeyjk wrote:
        | 'easily' seems quite an assumption. It would depend on
        | the change. Some changes would require giant rewrites.
 
  | jiriknesl wrote:
  | It is crypto 1.0. And it can be overtaken.
  | 
  | The problem is (and I have been involved - most often
  | unsuccessfully) that building anything in this ecosystem
  | requires a lot of understanding of digital signatures,
  | distributed system, economics, game theory, security & quality,
  | trustless ecosystems, incentives, possibilities of players with
  | big budgets (PoS - 51% bought by some government)/great
  | developers (bots frontrunning hacking of ERC20
  | contracts)/criminals (you have strong encryption, but still can
  | be blackmailed/beaten).
  | 
  | Bitcoin is one of a few currencies that deliver what it
  | promises. It doesn't promise a lot, but what it promises, it
  | does. Others promise a lot but underdeliver and later abandon
  | it. At this moment, I think Bitcoin delivers 100% of what I
  | expect from it. Monero is potentially better, but
  | underdelivers. Ethereum is potentially better, but
  | underdelivers. Others are either just copycats or completely
  | fail.
 
    | lawn wrote:
    | Bitcoin only delivers 100% of its promises because the
    | promises have changed.
    | 
    | At first it was supposed to be peer-to-peer digital
    | electronic cash. It was meant to both be money and a payment
    | system to replace PayPal and the like.
    | 
    | Now it's been reduced to just a store-of-value, and not even
    | that, it's a speculation that the volatility will stabilize
    | and that it will be a store-of-value in the future.
 
    | modemuser wrote:
    | The only fully functional crypto I know that could make
    | Bitcoin obsolete is Nano. It does one thing, and does it
    | well. Fast, feeless, green.
 
| codecamper wrote:
| In other words, Tesla just went carbon positive.
 
| jostmey wrote:
| Bitcoin's value is derived by the fact that an enormous amount of
| calculations (and therefore energy) are required to fake a
| transaction. But smart investors know that just because something
| is hard does not make something a worthwhile endeavor. We should
| always go after low-hanging fruit first, and cryptocurrency is
| not that. I gave up on Bitcoin almost 8 years ago and I haven't
| regretted it. It is not going to fix the world's financial
| problems and its going to further wreck the planet. As a father,
| I don't want any further part of it.
 
| insert_coin wrote:
| There is no problem, energy is "free", but still, the source of
| the electricity should always be a concern not just for bitcoin
| but for everything. Nuclear, solar, wind? good. Hydro, natural
| gas? less good but ok for now. Carbon, oil? we need to replace
| those plants asap.
| 
| Bitcoin or anything really should be allowed to use however much
| energy it is economically feasible. The real question is, why is
| there no better use for that electricity than to compute numbers?
| How our economies became so stagnant the best return for capital
| investment is bitcoin?
 
| mrb wrote:
| That sounds very impressive, until you realize that Argentina
| uses slightly more energy than a _single_ hydroelectric power
| station like the Itaipu Dam (103 TWh /year).
| 
| So comparing Bitcoin to Argentina really is more a testament how
| _little_ electricity Argentina uses. In people 's mind, a "single
| dam" sounds much, much less impressive than a "whole country".
 
| ucha wrote:
| As a store of value, bitcoin does not compare to fiat but to
| other forms of hard money such as gold. During Bretton-woods, the
| US dollar and other currencies were redeemable for gold and no
| one was saying that the US dollar was polluting the world because
| gold mining is polluting.
| 
| Comparing the environmental impact of gold and bitcoin is an open
| question. Gold mining pollutes the world in ways bitcoin never
| will. It creates ocean waste [1], long-lasting mercury pollution
| [2] and more.
| 
| As renewable become cheaper than fossil fuels, bitcoin will
| create additional demand for cheap renewable and accelerate the
| green transition. Because a mine could be moved essentially
| anywhere, it can be placed exactly where cheap renewable source
| of energy can be collected, thus maximizing the return on
| investment for renewable power plants, for example with
| geothermal in Iceland [3].
| 
| [1] https://www.earthworks.org/blog/drawing-the-battle-lines-
| ove...
| 
| [2] https://theconversation.com/gold-rush-mercury-legacy-
| small-s...
| 
| [3] https://www.wired.com/story/iceland-bitcoin-mining-gallery/
 
  | SiempreViernes wrote:
  | Uh, there wasn't really _anyone_ talking about environment
  | issues in the 1940 's, which is when the system was created,
  | and global warming wasn't established as a firm concern until
  | the 1980's by which time Bretton Woods was dead.
 
  | jmiskovic wrote:
  | I would agree with your first point, but increasing power
  | consumption to accelerate green transition makes no sense to
  | me.
  | 
  | Green energy is a better solution to energy shortage, it's not
  | something you'd want if there was no need for extra energy. The
  | green energy industry captures financial investments, generates
  | waste and contributes to global warming.
  | 
  | To go ad absurdum, wouldn't increasing CO2 emissions also
  | accelerate the green transition?
  | 
  | Of course if Bitcoin can provide a substantial benefit world-
  | wide then it's energy footprint can be deemed acceptable. I
  | don't have enough experience with it to make such claim but I'm
  | worried about increased fees and transaction times.
 
  | friendzis wrote:
  | > bitcoin will create additional demand for cheap renewable and
  | accelerate the green transition
  | 
  | Bitcoin does not create demand for renewable energy. Bitcoin
  | only creates demand for energy. If bitcoin had significant
  | demand for "cheap renewable energy", then we should have seen
  | bitcoin mining operations concentrating in locations where
  | renewable energy is abundant and land is pretty much useless
  | for anything else. This has not happened in reality.
  | 
  | Furthermore, even if we assume that bitcoin does put demand on
  | renewable energy, since bitcoin mining does not replace other
  | consumers, it is an _additional_ overall energy demand. As long
  | as bitcoin energy consumption grows faster than new renewable
  | installations it effectively runs on carbon.
 
| taftster wrote:
| The pressures for electricity demand has helped drive research
| and innovation in renewable energies. In some way, the quest for
| bitcoin has helped renewables get off the ground.
| 
| I personally don't mind this extra demand on our electric
| production, as I believe it will help get us to a renewable
| energy sources even sooner.
 
| nathias wrote:
| Complaining about Bitcoin now uses more electricity than
| Lichtenstein
 
| fritzo wrote:
| Does gold coin use more gold than Argentina?
 
| DSingularity wrote:
| I wish people would acknowledge that we are still in the early
| stages of blockchain technology. When ethereum proof of stake
| arrives then you will arguably have the security of Bitcoin in a
| much more efficient blockchain.
 
  | madacol wrote:
  | They don't have the same security, for example, the
  | immutability property is seriously weakened, you cannot verify
  | it anymore, we could argue it becomes federated among the
  | stakers
  | 
  | But sure, most other things still seems to work (I'm not expert
  | BTW)
 
| dang wrote:
| Submitted title was "Bitcoin now uses more electricity than
| Argentina". Please don't editorialize like that--it's against the
| site guidelines:
| 
| " _Please use the original title, unless it is misleading or
| linkbait; don 't editorialize._"
| 
| Cherry-picking a detail, especially a sensational detail, and
| making that the title, is the main way that people break this
| guideline, so please don't do that.
| 
| If you want to say what you think is important about an article,
| please do so in the comments. Then your view will be on a level
| playing field with everyone else's:
| https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...
 
| sbolt wrote:
| Does anyone know how much energy the global gold mining industry
| uses?
 
  | choward wrote:
  | Why does that matter? Nobody uses the gold standard anymore.
 
    | sbolt wrote:
    | Both gold and Bitcoin are stores of value with high
    | production costs, Bitcoin gets a lot of heat for its
    | electricity consumption but I haven't seen anyone ask the
    | same for gold.
 
| [deleted]
 
| amelius wrote:
| Bitcoin also enables ransomware.
 
  | doomjunky wrote:
  | Cash also enables ransome.
 
| alfl wrote:
| Energy consumption doesn't cause emissions.
| 
| Energy production causes emissions.
| 
| Reducing consumption (by shaming it, in this case) means less
| investment in production, because there's less demand. This could
| slow the green energy transition.
 
  | SiempreViernes wrote:
  | Uh, less consumption also causes less production, maybe you
  | missed that bit?
  | 
  | And historically consumption has not lead to the green energy
  | transition on its own, so it's a bit weird to assume it does it
  | now.
 
    | alfl wrote:
    | I directly call that out: less consumption causes less
    | production, so will reduce investment in production.
    | 
    | If we're talking about emissions of bitcoin we're already
    | talking about second and third order effects, so let's follow
    | it all the way through.
 
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