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=                   List of emerging technologies                    =
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                             Introduction                             
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This is a list of emerging technologies, which are in-development
technical innovations that have significant potential in their
applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must:

# Exist in some way; purely hypothetical technologies cannot be
considered emerging and should be covered in the list of hypothetical
technologies instead. However, technologies being actively researched
and prototyped are acceptable.
# Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them.
# Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized
technologies can no longer be considered emerging.

Listing here is not a prediction that the technology will become
widely adopted, only a recognition of significant 'potential' to
become widely adopted or highly useful if ongoing work continues, is
successful, and the work is not overtaken by other technologies.


                             Agriculture                              
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Agricultural robotics	 Research and development, trial projects
|Automation of agriculture	|Agricultural drone
Closed ecological systems	 Research and development, working
demonstrators (e.g. Biosphere 2)	 Agriculture, scientific research,
space colonization	Greenhouse, Eden Project, Bioshelter, Seawater
greenhouse
Cultured meat	Research and development, trials	 Humane,
resource-efficient, healthier, and cheaper meat	New Harvest
Atmospheric water generator	Working prototype	|agriculture in
semi-arid land	|Desorption
Vertical farming	 Research, development, experiments, and diffusion
Space-efficient farming and space travel applications


                             Construction                             
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
|Active structure	|Research, development, commercialization	|Adaptive
structures that respond to different conditions, or supermassive
buildings and infrastructure (e.g. space fountains)
|Arcology	|Research, development, commercialization	|
|Domed city	|Planned feature for Mall of the World
|Weather-controlled city, colonization of other celestial bodies


                               Economy                                
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!Emerging technology	!Status	!Potential applications	!Related articles
|Cryptocurrency	|Diffusion	|Payment, Digital currency	|Bitcoin,
Ethereum
|Digital wallet	|Diffusion	|Payment, Digital currency	|Google pay,
Apple Pay
|CBDC	|Diffusion	|Payment, Digital currency	|Digital Rupee, Digital
Euro


                 Electronics, IT, and communications                  
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
|5G	|Conceptual, experiments	|Mobile Phone
|6G cellular communications	|Conceptual	|Mobile phones
|Artificial intelligence	|Diffusion, commercialization
|Artificial general intelligence	|Hypothetical, experiments	|Creating
intelligent devices and robots; AI can counsel (or even take charge)
in scientific projects, government, army, corporate governance, film
and books creation, inventions etc.	|Progress in artificial
intelligence, technological singularity, applications of artificial
intelligence
|Automation	|Diffusion, commercialization	|CAD, Power Production,
Agriculture, Retail, Food and Drink, Construction, Mining,
Surveillance, Highway System, Waste Management, Business Process,
Home, Laboratory, Logistic, Industry
Biometrics	Diffusion, commercialization
|Blockchain	|Diffusion, commercialization	|Finance, Digital currency,
Art, Universal basic income, Identity (social science)	|Bitcoin,
Ethereum
|Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor	|Research and development
|Future miniaturization of transistors
|Cashierless store	|Limited commercialization
|Civic technology	|Research and development, projects	|Smart cities,
more responsive government	|Smart city, e-democracy, open data,
intelligent environment
Digital scent technology	Diffusion	Smell-O-Vision, iSmell
|DNA digital data storage	|Experiments	|Mass data storage
Electronic nose	 Research, limited commercialization	Detecting
spoiled food, chemical weapons, and cancer
|Emerging memory technologies	(T-RAM, CBRAM, SONOS, RRAM, racetrack
memory, NRAM, phase-change memory, FJG RAM, millipede memory,
Skyrmion, programmable metallization cell, ferroelectric RAM,
magnetoresistive RAM, nvSRAM)	|In development
|Emerging magnetic data storage technologies	(SMR, HAMR, BPM, MAMR,
TDMR, CPP/GMR, PMR, hard disk drive)	|In development (HAMR, BPM);
diffusion (SMR)	|Greatly improved storage density compared to current
HDDs, can be combined
E-textiles	 Research, diffusion	|Wearable technology
|Exascale computing	|Projects
|Exocortex	|Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes
of more; Hypothetical, experiments on more substantial amplification
Flexible electronics	 Research, development, prototypes, limited
commercialization (e.g. Samsung Galaxy Fold)	Flexible and/or foldable
electronic devices, and flexible solar cells which are lightweight,
can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable	Nokia Morph,
Flexible organic light-emitting diode
|Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage,
Holographic data storage)	|Research, prototyping	|Storing and
archiving data previously erased for economic reasons	|Blu-ray Disc,
Optical storage
|Hybrid forensics	|Research, commercialization	|Digital forensics,
electronic discovery, malware detection, IT compliance
|Li-Fi	|Demos, requires standardization	|Laser communication in space
|Machine vision	|Research, prototyping, commercialization
|Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, automated
guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance),
interaction (e.g., in human-computer interaction), robot vision
|Computer vision, pattern recognition, digital image processing
|Magnonics	|Research	|Data storage
Memristor	 Working prototype	 Smaller, faster, more energy-efficient
storage, analogue electronics, programmable logic, signal processing,
neural networks, control systems, reconfigurable computing,
brain-computer interfaces, RFID, and pattern recognition
|Metaverse	|Experiments	|Virtual reality, Augmented reality
Molecular electronics	 Research and development
|Multimodal contactless biometric face/iris systems	|Deployed at
various airports and federal security checkpoints	|Unimodal facial
recognition scanners
Nanoelectromechanical systems	 Research and development
|Nanoradio	|Research and development, diffusion
|Neuromorphic engineering	|Research and development
|Optical computing	|Hypothetical, experiments; some components of
integrated circuits have been developed	|Smaller, faster, lower power
consuming computing
|Quantum computing	|Experiments, commercialization, early diffusion
|Much faster computing for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling,
new materials with programmed properties, Hypothetical of
high-temperature superconductivity and superfluidity
|Quantum cryptography	|Commercialization	|Secure communications
|Quantum radar	|Prototypes
|Radio-frequency identification	|Diffusion of high cost	|Smartstores
- RFID-based self-checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing
products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: 'potential
uses'
|Satellite Connectivity	|Development, commercialization
|Software-defined radio	|Development, commercialization	|Cognitive
radio, Mesh networks, Software defined antenna	|GNU Radio, List of
software-defined radios, Universal Software Radio Peripheral
Solid-state transformer	 Development, prototypes
|Speech recognition	|Research, development, commercialization
Spintronics	 Working prototypes	Data storage, computing devices
|Subvocal recognition	|Research, development, commercialization
Thermal copper pillar bump	 Working prototypes in discrete devices
Electric circuit cooling, micro-fluidic actuators, thermoelectric
power generation	Ultra high definition holographic disc,
Metal-insulator transition
Three-dimensional integrated circuit	Development, commercialization
Memory and data processing
Twistronics	Development
|Web 3	|Research, commercialization


                            Entertainment                             
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|-
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
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Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
|4D Film	|Commercialization	|Films
|Cloud gaming	|Entertain	|Video game	|Cloud
|Esports	|Commercialization	|Video game
|Electronic music instruments	|Talent, Commercialization	|Music, Art
|EDM, Electronic music
Immersive virtual reality	 Hypothetical, limited commercialization
An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as
they usually feel in conscious reality.	Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest,
haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck
(fictional)
Synthetic media	 Research and development	 Films, photos	Deepfake,
StyleGAN, DeepDream, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, Sora


                           Optoelectronics                            
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| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications
| Related Articles
and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
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Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Laser video display	 Limited commercialization (e.g. Mitsubishi
LaserVue TV in 2008)	 Displays with a very wide colour gamut	Laser TV,
Comparison of display technology
Holography (holographic display, computer-generated holography)
Diffusion
Optical transistor	Some prototypes
Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens,
Augmented reality, Virtual reality)	 Experiments	Virtual tools and
entertainment in a real-world environment, aids for the visually
impaired	Head-mounted display, Head-up display, Adaptive optics,
EyeTap, Google Glass, Microsoft HoloLens, AR cloud
|Volumetric (3D) display	|Research, working prototypes,
commercialization	|Television, computer interfaces, cinemas,
3-dimensional imagery	|Autostereoscopic display, stereoscopic display,
volumetric display, Holographic display, Light Field display, Nintendo
3DS, Swept-volume display


                                Energy                                
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Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Airborne wind turbine	Research	Wind power generation at higher
altitudes, increasing efficiency	KiteGen
Americium battery	Estimated working prototype in 5-10 years from 2019
Energy storage
Artificial photosynthesis	 Research, experiments, growing interest in
a macroscience global project	 Photosynthesis-like energy and oxygen
production from artificial structures	Sustainocene, Renewable energy,
Nanotechnology
Concentrated solar power	 Growing markets in California, Spain,
Northern Africa	 Electricity generation	DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy,
Solar Millennium
Double-layer capacitor	 Diffusion, continued development
Faster-charging, longer-lasting, more flexible, greener energy storage
(e.g. for regenerative braking)
Energy harvesting	 Experiments	 Constant energy source for mobile,
wearable and ubiquitous devices	Humavox
Flywheel energy storage	 Limited commercialization	Energy storage
Fusion power	 Research, experiments	 Electricity and heat generation,
fusion torch recycling with waste heat	ITER, NIF, Wendelstein 7-X,
Magnetic confinement fusion, Dense plasma focus, Muon-catalyzed fusion
Generation IV nuclear reactor	 Research, experiments	 Electricity and
heat generation, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from
traditional reactors
Gravity battery	Small-scale examples	Energy storage
Home fuel cell	 Research, commercialization	Off-the-grid, producing
electricity in using an environmentally friendly fuel as a backup
during long term power failures.	Autonomous building, Bloom Energy
Server
Lithium-air battery	 Research, experiments	 Laptops, mobile phones,
long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid
Lithium iron phosphate battery	 Commercialization	Energy storage
Lithium-sulfur battery	 Research and development	Energy storage
Magnesium battery	 Early commercialization	Energy storage
Molten salt reactor	 Research, experiments	Electricity and heat
generation
Nanowire battery	 Experiments, prototypes	 Laptops, mobile phones,
long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid
Nantenna	 Research	Electricity generation
Ocean thermal energy conversion	 Prototype	Electricity generation
Solid-state battery	Niche uses	Reliable, power-dense energy storage
(particularly for electric cars and wearable technology)
Smart grid	Research, diffusion	|Advanced grid power management	Smart
meter, SuperSmart Grid
Space-based solar power	 Early research	Electricity generation
Thorium nuclear fuel cycle	 Research started in the 1960s, still
ongoing	Electricity and heat generation
Vortex engine	 Power generation
Wireless energy transfer	 Prototypes, diffusion, short range consumer
products	 Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric
cars, etc.	WiTricity, resonant inductive coupling
Zero-energy building	 Expansion	 Energy-efficient homes	Passive house


                        Materials and textiles                        
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To add a new row to the table, insert

|- Plasma treatment of textiles
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
|4D printing	|Research and development
Aerogel	 Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses	 Improved
thermal insulation (for pipelines, aerospace, etc.), as well as
insulative "glass" if it can be made clear
Amorphous metal	 Experiments, use in amorphous metal transformers
Armor, implants
Bioplastic	 Limited commercialization (e.g. polylactic acid in 3D
printing)	 Disposable packaging and single-use items
Conductive polymers	 Research, experiments, prototypes	 Lighter and
cheaper wires, antistatic materials, organic solar cells	Jacquard
weaving
Cryogenic treatment	 Research, experiments, prototypes	 Significantly
stronger metal components
Edible packaging	Diffusion	Biodegradable alternatives to plastic
Electric armour	Prototypes	|Better protection for warships and
armoured fighting vehicles from shaped charge weapons
Fullerene	 Experiments, diffusion	 Programmable matter
Graphene	 Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses
Higher-specific strength structural components, higher-frequency
transistors, lower-cost mobile displays, automotive hydrogen storage,
biosensors, more efficient batteries
Lab-on-a-chip	 Limited commercialization	|More efficient laboratory
analysis
High-temperature superconductivity	 Cryogenic receiver front-end
(CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations;
prototypes in dry ice; experiments for lower temperatures	 No-loss
conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation, lossless
high-capacity accumulators, electric cars, heat-free integrated
circuits
Magnetic nanoparticles	Development	|Cancer treatment, wastewater
treatment
Magnetorheological fluid	 Research and development, limited
magnetorheological damping applications	Seismic damping for earthquake
resistance	Electrorheological fluid
Microfluidics	 Research and development
High-temperature superfluidity	 High-precision measure of gravity,
navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit
gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices
Metamaterials	 Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion
Metal foam	 Research, limited commercialization	Space colonies,
floating cities
Multi-function structures	 Hypothetical, experiments, some
prototypes, few commercial	 Wide range of applications (e.g.
self-health monitoring, self-healing materials)
Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes	 Hypothetical, experiments,
diffusion, early uses	 Higher-specific strength structural components
Potential applications of carbon nanotubes, Carbon-fiber-reinforced
polymers
Quantum dot	 Research, experiments, prototypes, commercialization
Quantum dot lasers, quantum dot displays, faster data communication,
laser scalpels
|Self-healing materials	|Research, experiments	|Infrastructure,
robotics, biotech
Silicene	Early research	Nanoscale electronics
Superalloy	 Research, diffusion	 Significantly stronger metal
components (particularly in aircraft jet engines)
Synthetic diamond	 Research, commercialization	 Electronics
|Time crystal	|Research experiments	|Quantum computers with stable
qubits
Translucent concrete	 Commercialization	 Construction of buildings
and sculptures (e.g. Europe Gate)


                               Medicine                               
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| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

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Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Artificial uterus	 Research, experiments	Space travel, extracorporeal
pregnancy, reprogenetics, same-sex procreation
Body implant, prosthesis	 Trials, from animal (e.g., brain implants)
to human clinical (e.g., insulin pump implant), to commercial
production (e.g. pacemaker, joint replacement, cochlear implant)	Brain
implant, retinal implant	Prosthetics, prosthetics in fiction, cyborg
Cryonics	 Hypothetical, research, commercialization (e.g. Alcor,
Cryonics Institute)	Life extension
De-extinction	 Research, development, trials	Animal husbandry, pets,
zoos	Revival of the woolly mammoth
Electronic medical records	Deployment	Replacing paper medical records
Human DNA vaccination and mRNA vaccination	Implementation in 2021 to
combat the COVID-19 pandemic	|Disease vaccinations, cancer therapy
Enzybiotics	Successful first trials
Genetic engineering of organisms and viruses	 Research, development,
commercialization	 Creating and modifying species (mainly improving
their physical and mental capabilities), bio-machines, eliminating
genetic disorders (gene therapy), new materials production, healthier
and cheaper food, creating drugs and vaccines, research in natural
sciences, bioremediation, detecting arsenic, CO2 reducing superplant,
Biopunk, Genetically modified food, superhuman, human enhancement,
transhumanism, gene doping, designer baby, genetic pollution
|Health Monitoring	|Research and development
Hibernation or suspended animation	 Research, development, animal
trials	Organ transplantation, space travel, prolonged surgery,
emergency care
Life extension, strategies for engineered negligible senescence
Research, experiments, animal testing	 Increased life spans
Immortality, biological immortality
Nanomedicine	Research, experiments, limited use
Nanosensors	Research and development
Omni Processor	Research and development; some prototypes
Oncolytic virus	 Human trials (Talimogene laherparepvec, reolysin,
JX-594), commercialisation (H101)	 Cancer therapy, imaging	Oncolytic
virus
Personalized medicine, full genome sequencing	 Research, experiments
Personalized medical procedures, genome sequencing during drug trials
Personal genomics
Phage therapy	First trial uses
Plantibody	 Clinical trials
Regenerative medicine	 Some laboratory trials	Life extension
Robotic surgery	 Research, diffusion
Senolytic	Under investigation
Stem cell treatments	 Research, experiments, phase I human trial
spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants
Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries	Stem cell, stem
cell treatments
Synthetic biology, synthetic genomics	 Research, development, first
synthetic bacteria created May 2010	 Infinitely scalable production
processes based on programmable species of bacteria and other life
forms	BioBrick, iGEM, synthetic genomics
Tissue engineering	 Research, diffusion	Organ printing, tooth
regeneration
Tricorder	 Research and development	 Diagnosing medical conditions
Medical tricorder
Virotherapy	 Research, human trials	 Gene therapy, cancer therapy
Virotherapy, Oncolytic Virus
Vitrification or cryoprotectant	 Research, some experiments	Organ
transplantation, cryonics


                             Neuroscience                             
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|-
I - Emerging technology
I - Potentially marginalized technologies
I - Potential applications
| - Related articles

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Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
|Artificial brain	|Research	|Treatment of neurological disease,
artificial intelligence	|Blue Brain Project, Human Brain Project
Brain-computer interface	Research and commercialization	Faster
communication and learning, as well as more "real" entertainment
(generation of feelings and information in brain on-demand) and the
control of emotions in the mentally ill	Experience machine, Neuralink,
Stent-electrode recording array
Brain-reading, neuroinformatics	Research
Electroencephalography	Research, diffusion	Controlling electronic
devices via brain waves	BrainGate
Head transplant	Success in animal experiments, including 2-headed
result	Treatment of debilitating diseases or severe disfigurement
Brain transplant, hand transplantation, organ transplantation
Memory erasure	Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
Neuroprosthetics	Research, animal trials	Visual prosthesis, brain
implant, exocortex, retinal implant, neurograin
|Wetware computer	|Experimentation	|Artificial general intelligence,
better understanding of neurons


                               Military                               
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Caseless ammunition	 Field tests and limited commercialization
|Lighter and cheaper ammunition; the lack of a case may also simplify
the design of firearms	Lightweight Small Arms Technologies
Cloaking device	 Successful experiments cloaking small objects under
some conditions	Stealth	Metamaterial cloaking
Directed-energy weapon	 Research, development, some prototypes	Laser
Weapon System, Iron Beam
Electrolaser	 Research and development
Electrothermal-chemical technology	Research and development	 Tank,
artillery, and close-in weapon systems
Force field	 Hypothetical, experiments	 Military and law enforcement,
space travel	Plasma window
Green bullet	 Development	 Environment-friendly ammunition
Hypersonic cruise missile	 Development	Avangard, Kinzhal, Zircon,
BrahMos-II, Prompt Global Strike, DARPA Falcon Project, DF-ZF, Boeing
X-51 Waverider
Laser weapon	  Research and development, trials	 Tracking and
destruction of rockets, bombs, drones etc.	Advanced Tactical Laser,
High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System
MAHEM	Research and development	A formed penetrator using molten metal
in place of self-forging explosives	Explosively pumped flux
compression generator
Precision-guided firearm 	Research and development	Increased accuracy
by marksmen	EXACTO, Smart bullet, TrackingPoint
Railgun	 Research and development	 Cheaper and safer ammunition
Coilgun
Stealth technology	 Research and development	Electronic
countermeasures	Plasma stealth, Stealth aircraft, Radar-absorbent
material
Research and development	 More compact cartridges
Lightweight Small Arms Technologies	Research and development


                                Space                                 
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Artificial gravity	Research and development 	 Space travel	|Spin
gravity
Asteroid mining	 Conceptual; NASA has announced plans to capture and
redirect an asteroid	|Commerce, resource supply
Inflatable space habitat	 Development, prototypes built and tested
Space habitats	Bigelow Aerospace
Reusable launch vehicle	Commercial 	Circumvention of the cost of
expendable launch vehicles outside of national government or military
missions	Reusable launch vehicle
|Starshot	Research	|Uncrewed interstellar probes
|Stasis chamber	|Research and development, experiments
|Interplanetary space travel, interstellar space travel, medical


      {{visible anchor|Robotics|Robotics and applied mechanics}}      
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Android, gynoid	 Research, development, prototypes, diffusion,
commercializing	Disabled, infant and older people care, housekeeping,
sex-worker, flight-attendant, model, hostess, waiter, security guard
Tesla bot
Gastrobot	Prototypes	|Robots fuelled by digesting organic matter
Molecular nanotechnology, nanorobotics	 Hypothetical, experiments
Machines that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary
terraforming	|Rotimatic
Powered exoskeleton	 Research, development, prototypes, diffusion,
commercializing	 Heavy lifting, paralysis, muscle-related diseases,
warfare, construction, firefighting, care for the elderly and disabled
LOPES (exoskeleton), ReWalk, Human Universal Load Carrier, fictional
armor Iron Man's armor, Future Force Warrior
Self-reconfiguring modular robot	 Hypothetical, experiments, early
prototypes	 As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way
many physical structures and machines are made	Robot, swarm robotics,
autonomous research robot
Swarm robotics	 Hypothetical, experiments	 Autonomous construction,
space construction	Swarm intelligence, autonomous robotics,
nanorobotics, particle swarm optimization, multi-agent systems,
behavior-based robotics
Uncrewed vehicle	 Research and development, diffusion, commercial
Transport of goods, surveillance, oceanography, wildfire mapping,
pipeline security, home security, anti-piracy, border control,
pursuing criminals, oil, gas and mineral exploration and production,
geophysical and geomagnetic surveys, exploration of hazardous areas,
firefighting, military and peacekeeping operations, search and rescue,
bomb disposal, police raids	Unmanned aerial vehicle, AeroVironment,
AeroVironment Global Observer, AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird,
Unmanned combat air vehicle, Unmanned ground vehicle, Unmanned space
vehicle, Unmanned surface vehicle, Unmanned underwater vehicle,
Autonomous underwater vehicle


                              Transport                               
======================================================================
Emerging technology	Status	Potential applications	Related articles
Airless tire	 Research, development, early prototypes	 Safer tires
Tweel
|Atmospheric satellite	|Experimentation	|More widespread
communications
Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit	 Commercialization, diffusion	 Reducing
air pollution, decreasing oil consumption	Electric vehicle
Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant
Wing), fluidic flight controls	 Experiments, prototypes	 Controlling
aircraft, ships	Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon,
fluidics
Distributed propulsion	Prototypes	More efficient air travel
|Electric vehicles	|Commercialization	|Less pollution and sustainable
vehicles	|Electric car, Electric bike, Electric plane, Electric boat,
Electric bus, Electric truck
eVTOL	Research, Development	Low emission and low noise air travel,
air taxis
Flying car	 Early commercialization, prototypes	 More effective
transportation	Terrafugia Transition, Moller M400 Skycar, Urban
Aeronautics X-Hawk, AeroMobil
Fusion rocket	  Research, development	Fast interplanetary travel,
with limited interstellar travel applications
Ground-level power supply	  Standardization, commercialization
Reduction of required battery size and weight for battery electric
vehicles by charging while driving
Hoverbike	Working prototypes, early commercialization	Package
delivery, search and rescue
Hovertrain, Ground effect train, Ground effect vehicle	 Research,
development	 Faster trains	Aérotrain, Duke Hospital PRT, Hovercraft
Hybrid airship	Prototypes	Air travel with low fuel consumption
Airlander 10
|Ion-propelled aircraft	|Research, development, prototypes	|Better
flying transportation, efficient propulsion in air
|Electrohydrodynamics
Jet pack or backpack helicopter	 Early commercialization, prototypes
More effective individual transportation
Maglev train	 Research, early commercialization, diffusion	 Faster
trains	Transrapid, Shanghai Maglev Train, Linimo
Magnetic levitation	 Research, development, Commercialization (Maglev
Train)	High temperature superconductivity, cryogenics, low temperature
refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber
reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes,
communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design
(aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing,
construction and fabrication of concrete structures, maglev car,
maglev based spacecraft launch	Vactrain, Levicar
Magnetohydrodynamic drive	 Research, development, prototypes	Marine
Propulsion, Aircraft Propulsion, Spacecraft Propulsion	Yamato 1
Mass driver	 Prototypes
|Orbital propellant depot	|Research, development	|Deep-space missions
with larger payloads, satellite life extension, lowering cost per kg
launched to space
Personal rapid transit	 Early commercialization, diffusion	 More
effective transportation	Morgantown PRT, ULTra
Physical Internet	 Research
Scooter-sharing system	Commercialization	Increased density	Bird
(company)
Vactrain	Research, development	Faster way to get somewhere	ET3 Global
Alliance, Hyperloop
|Plasma propulsion	|Research and development	|Spacecraft propulsion
|Pulse detonation engine	|Research and development; one prototype
flown in 2008	|Higher-efficiency propulsion
Quiet Supersonic Technology	Prototype	Supersonic air travel over land
Self-driving car	Research, development, early commercialization
Computer-driven vehicles,more effective transportation. | Reducing
concerns of tiredness while driving and also looking outside in the
car. Helpful in countries where employment of personal drivers is
expensive. 	Waymo, Tesla FSD
Space elevator	Research	|Non-rocket spacelaunch	Orbital ring, Sky
hook, Space fountain
Spaceplane	 Research, development	Hypersonic transport	A2, Skylon
Vehicular communication systems	 Research and development, some
diffusion	Traffic management, automatic accommodation of emergency
vehicles, driver assistance systems, automated highways	Artificial
Passenger, Dedicated short-range communications, Intelligent
transportation system


                               See also                               
======================================================================
General:
*Anthropogenics
*Differential technological development
*Diffusion of innovations
*Disruptive innovation
*Ecological modernization
*Environmental technology
*Frugal innovation
*Green development
*Industrial ecology
*List of existing technologies predicted in science fiction
*List of hypothetical technologies
*List of inventions
*List of inventors
*Sustainable development
*Technology readiness level


Ethics:
*Bioethics
*Casuistry
*Computer ethics
*Engineering ethics
*Nanoethics
*Neuroethics


                              References                              
======================================================================
[https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/mobile-tabs/ios-18-ai-features-run-natively-on-iphone-9270695/
Apple’s first set of AI features on iOS 18 will run natively on
iPhone: Report] indianexpress.com April 16, 2024 Archived from the
[https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/mobile-tabs/ios-18-ai-features-run-natively-on-iphone-9270695/
original source]


                           Further reading                            
======================================================================
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2015/ Ten
Breakthrough Technologies in 2015], 'MIT Technology Review'
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2016/ Ten
Breakthrough Technologies in 2016], 'MIT Technology Review'
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/10-breakthrough-technologies/2017/
Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2017], 'MIT Technology Review'
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2018/ Ten
Breakthrough Technologies in 2018], 'MIT Technology Review'
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2019/ Ten
Breakthrough Technologies in 2019], 'MIT Technology Review'
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2020/ Ten
Breakthrough Technologies in 2020], 'MIT Technology Review'


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Original Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emerging_technologies