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Heart of Asia Conference on Afghanistan Kicks Off in Dushanbe

Ayesha Tanzeem

   ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN - A regional ministerial conference called the
   Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process (HoA-IP) started Monday in Tajikistan's
   capital Dushanbe to try to advance the goal of ending the decades long
   conflict in Afghanistan.

   Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, who arrived early Monday to attend the
   annual conference, also met his Tajik counterpart Emomali Rahmon on the
   sidelines.

   The meeting is just the latest in a flurry of diplomatic efforts to
   jumpstart a peace process that has been stalled for months.

   The gathering is taking place as a May 1 deadline, negotiated
   separately between the United States and Taliban, to withdraw all
   foreign forces from Afghanistan, looms. President Joe Biden told
   reporters in his first press conference last week that it was "going to
   be hard to meet the May 1 deadline."

   However, Biden said he could not envision U.S. troops staying in
   Afghanistan past next year.

   "It is not my intention to stay there for a long time," the U.S. leader
   said.

   The Taliban have warned that any deviation from the deadline might
   result in the group restarting its attacks against foreign forces.

   "Any responsibility for the prolongation of war, death, and destruction
   will be on the shoulders of those whom committed this violation," the
   group's spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid said in a statement.

   Taliban stopped direct attacks on the U.S. and NATO forces once it
   signed an agreement with the U.S. in Doha in February of 2020. However,
   it increased its attacks on Afghan forces, taking the level of violence
   to a 10 year high at times.

   The increase in violence has been a major deterrent in progress in
   peace talks between the Afghan government and Taliban, which officially
   started on September 12, 2020.

   Under the agreement the U.S. signed with the Taliban, the militant
   group was supposed to negotiate with the Afghan government and other
   factions to find a resolution to the conflict, but the two sides have
   made scant progress and have yet to agree on the agenda for the talks.

   The Taliban are under intense international pressure to reduce violence
   or announce a ceasefire.

   Following another regional conference on Afghanistan hosted by Russia
   earlier this month, the U.S., Russia, China, and Pakistan, issued a
   joint statement calling on all parties in Afghanistan to reduce
   violence and for the Taliban to forego their 'spring offensive,' the
   yearly renewal in attacks after a winter lull, in order to facilitate
   peace negotiations.

   The Taliban sent signals that it may be ready to yield.

   "We have floated a plan under which all related sides will reduce
   violence. But this is not a cease-fire," Taliban spokesman Mohammad
   Naeem told VOA earlier this month.

   To create momentum for the peace talks, the U.S. has recently proposed
   several ideas, including creating a transitional government that
   includes the Taliban. Afghan President Ghani, who took office for the
   second time last year and still has four more years to go, has strongly
   rejected that proposal, calling elections the only way to form a new
   government.

   HoA-IP was launched in 2011 in Istanbul, Turkey, to help find a
   solution to the challenges facing Afghanistan. Fifteen countries
   participate in this process, while another 17 countries and 12 regional
   and international organizations support it.

   Around 50 countries and international organizations are attending the
   ninth conference of its kind. Participants will issue a statement at
   the end.

   The Dushanbe conference comes in advance of another meeting in Turkey
   organized by the United Nations which both Taliban and the Afghan
   government are likely to attend. The Turkey conference, expected in the
   next couple of weeks, is being viewed as a game changer in the Afghan
   peace process.