Originally posted by the Voice of America.
Voice of America content is produced by the Voice of America,
a United States federal government-sponsored entity, and is in
the public domain.


Israel's Leviathan Field Begins Pumping Gas

AFP

   JERUSALEM - Israel's offshore Leviathan field started pumping gas on
   Tuesday in what the operating consortium called "a historic turning
   point in the history of the Israeli economy."

   A joint statement from partners Noble Energy, Delek Drilling, and Ratio
   said that the start of production was expected to lead to an immediate
   reduction in domestic electricity prices and the start of exports.

   "For the first time in its history, Israel to become a significant
   natural gas exporter," it said.

   On December 17, Israeli Energy Minister Yuval Steinitz announced
   approval of sales to Egypt from Leviathan and the smaller Tamar field.

   A spokesman for Israeli partner Delek said then that deliveries to
   Egypt were expected to begin on January 1.

   Leviathan was discovered 130 kilometers (81 miles) west of the
   Mediterranean port city Haifa in 2010.

   It is estimated to hold 535 billion cubic meters (18.9 trillion cubic
   feet) of natural gas, along with 34.1 million barrels of condensate.

   Delek and US-based Noble struck a $15 billion 10-year deal with Egypt's
   Dolphinus last year to supply 64 billion cubic meters (2.26 trillion
   cubic feet).

   It will be the first time Egypt, which in 1979 became the first Arab
   country to sign a peace accord with Israel, imports gas from its
   neighbor.

   Israel had previously bought gas from Egypt, but land sections of the
   pipeline were targeted multiple times by Sinai jihadists in 2011 and
   2012.

   The Tamar and Leviathan gas will reach Egypt through the mainly
   undersea East Mediterranean Gas Company pipeline connecting the coastal
   city of Ashkelon with the northern Sinai peninsula.

   Tamar, which began production in 2013, has estimated reserves of up to
   238 billion cubic meters (8.4 trillion cubic feet).

   Israel's neighbor to the east, Jordan, has been purchasing gas from
   Tamar on a small scale for nearly three years.

   Besides bringing energy independence, Israel hopes its gas reserves
   will enable it to strengthen strategic ties in the region and help
   forge new ones, with an eye on the European market.

   Lat week, the government of Greece said that it was about to sign an
   agreement for a huge pipeline project with Cyprus and Israel designed
   to pipe gas from the eastern Mediterranean to Europe.

   Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis's office said the agreement
   for the EastMed pipeline would be inked in Athens on January 2 with
   Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Cypriot President Nicos
   Anastasiades.

   The 2,000-kilometre (1,200-mile) pipeline will be able to transfer
   between nine and 12 billion cubic meters a year from offshore gas
   reserves between Israel and Cyprus to Greece, and then on to Italy and
   southeastern Europe.

   There are growing tensions with Turkey over its own activities in the
   area, particularly a contentious maritime deal with Libya expanding
   Ankara's claims over a large gas-rich area of the Mediterranean.

   Scramble for energy

   The discovery of hydrocarbon reserves in the eastern Mediterranean has
   sparked a scramble for the energy riches and a dispute between Cyprus
   and Turkey, which occupies the north of the Mediterranean island.

   Natural gas is set to replace coal as the main fuel for power
   generation in Israel.

   Critics note that while less polluting than coal, gas is still far from
   being a clean source of energy.

   There have been fears among the Israeli public that the start of
   production from Leviathan, in which gas flows to a processing platform
   10 kilometers offshore, could bring harmful emissions.

   Israel's environmental protection ministry has sought to calm residents
   and has set up monitoring stations in communities along the northern
   coast to check for any spike in pollution.

   Nevertheless, Israeli public radio reported that some residents had
   evacuated their homes until results of the air testing were verified.