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                  Stravinsky's 'Rite of Spring' Celebrates 100

   by Adam Phillips

   Preparations are under way to mark the 100th anniversary of Igor
   Stravinsky's momentous ballet score, "The Rite of Spring."
   The revolutionary work, which provoked a riot during its Paris
   premiere, is often credited with ushering in the era of modern Western
   music and continues to exert influence today.

   The opening notes of "The Rite of Spring" are iconic and beloved today.
   But for many audience members who came to the Ballet Russes in 1913,
   they were unwelcome.
   A bassoon had likely never been performed in such a high register.
   Stravinsky intended to evoke peasant voices in pagan Russia.
   But as the bassoon segued into the Spring Divinations sequence, the
   audience began to riot.
   '
   "It was a high society audience that showed up expecting more of what
   they might have experienced in the past with Tchaikovsky and with
   Chopin ballet and even with earlier Stravinsky," says[1] L. Michael
   Griffel, chair of the music history department at the Juilliard School.
   "And instead they had dance and music that was unlike anything they had
   experienced, and to their ears it very likely seemed ugly. You did not
   have too much of a tune anywhere you would put words to or could hum.
   And this audience, dressed in fancy evening gowns and tails and tuxedos
   and whatnot, they were just devastated." ''

   According to Griffel, the musical elements in "The Rite of Spring"
   conform to a storyline, itself shocking, about pagan tribes and their
   rituals of earth worship.
   '
   "You have "The Games of the Rival Clans," which is wonderful music
   rhythmically," he says. "You have also the mystical moments that move
   slowly, something like 'The Mystical Circles of the Young Girls.' You
   have 'The Adoration of the Earth,' where the, elder, the leader of the
   group, kisses the earth."

   This pungent and challenging world was magnified by the set and
   colorful costumes, which one critic said resembled tents because they
   obscured the dancers' bodies.

   Emil Kang, artistic director of Carolina Performing Arts and its
   year-long celebration of "[2]The Rite of Spring," says the original
   choreography, by Vatslav Njinsky, was "anti-ballet."

   "Here was a choreographer who made a ballet of `pigeon toes' as they
   called it and bent arms," Kang says. "Again, the antithesis of what was
   known to be esthetically pleasing at the time. All those things were
   contributors to the displeasure of the audience that night."

   Griffel says the themes were dark, even frightening. In the climax, a
   young girl dances herself to death to appease the fertility gods.
   '''
   "This is the sacrifice by the group of the individual. That is the
   "Rite of Spring," he says. "That is one of the rites of spring. Life
   itself, and art imitating life, is not all pretty all the time and not
   controlled all the time. It isn't all balanced; it isn't all
   symmetrical; it isn't all euphonious."
   "The Rite of Spring" helped introduce an approach to art where every
   person finds his own meaning in a work, according to Kang.

   In that spirit, Carolina Arts commissioned 11 new pieces based on "The
   Rite of Spring."

   "The commissions are varied across different genres from artists around
   the world," Kang says, "to all of whom we just said `Look at this piece
   in your own way. Take the chance to reinvent it.'"

   Puppeteer [3]Basil Twist will create a ballet without dancers, making
   curtains and other inanimate objects move to a fully-orchestrated
   version of "The Rite of Spring." Other works in progress are two
   musical scores written for the avant-garde string quartet [4]Brooklyn
   Rider as well as a three-part cycle called "The Seasons," played by
   Yo-Yo Ma and the[5] Silk Road Ensemble. It's inspired by folk tunes
   Stravinsky used in "The Rite of Spring." Theater director Anne Bogart
   and choreographer Bill T. Jones are collaborating on a piece. And there
   are surprises yet to be unveiled.

   All are inspired by one of the most famous - some would say infamous -
   works in the history of music.
     __________________________________________________________________

   [6]http://www.voanews.com/content/stravinskys-rite-of-spring-celebrates
   -100/1178686.html

References

   1. http://www.juilliard.edu/degrees-programs/music/faculty/detail.php?FacultyId=95&School=College&Division=Music
   2. http://www.theriteofspringat100.org/
   3. http://www.basiltwist.com/
   4. http://www.brooklynrider.com/
   5. http://www.silkroadproject.org/
   6. http://www.voanews.com/content/stravinskys-rite-of-spring-celebrates-100/1178686.html