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From: o.crepin-leblond@imperial.ac.uk (Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond)
Newsgroups: comp.mail.misc,comp.mail.uucp,news.newusers.questions,alt.internet.services,alt.internet.access.wanted,alt.answers,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: FAQ: International E-mail accessibility
Supersedes: <mail/country-codes_838734371@rtfm.mit.edu>
Followup-To: poster
Date: 29 Aug 1996 15:47:44 GMT
Organization: Imperial College London, UK.
Lines: 586
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Expires: 12 Oct 1996 15:47:15 GMT
Message-ID: <mail/country-codes_841333635@rtfm.mit.edu>
Reply-To: ocl@ic.ac.uk
NNTP-Posting-Host: bloom-picayune.mit.edu
Summary: This posting gives a list of country codes with email accessibility.
It is helpful in finding-out if a country has easy access to
email and internet facilities and is aimed at general email and
internet users.
X-Last-Updated: 1996/08/27
Originator: faqserv@bloom-picayune.MIT.EDU
Xref: news1.ucsd.edu comp.mail.misc:22450 comp.mail.uucp:8827 news.newusers.questions:221857 alt.internet.services:56294 alt.internet.access.wanted:31324 alt.answers:13095 comp.answers:16087 news.answers:64335
Archive-name: mail/country-codes
Last-modified: 1996/08/27
Based on International Standard ISO 3166 Names
Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond
E-mail: <ocl@ic.ac.uk>
Release: 96.08.03
Release Notes: a. Tanzania (TZ) with Full Internet FI
b. Chad (TD) with E-mail (*)
c. World Wide Web (WWW) Maps on-line !
This document is Copyright 1994-1996 by Olivier Crepin-Leblond.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any commercial publication
by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system without
prior written permission of the copyright holder.
It may however be freely redistributed in its entirety provided that
this copyright notice, its headers "Archive-name", "Last-modified",
and "Release" are not removed.
Every now-and-then there are enquiries on the net regarding
E-mail to a distant country. The question is often of the type
"has that country got E-mail access ?". The following table is a
guide of country codes, showing the countries which have access to
Internet or general E-mail services. The country codes have been
derived from the International Organization for Standardization
standard ISO 3166. A country code is taken as a top level domain
once it is registered at rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes
listed are top level domains. At the bottom of the table, there is
also a section of general top level domains, based on the information
available at rs.internic.net.
NOTES:
1. Description of codes:
FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp',
and internet E-mail.
B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet
DNS (Domain Name System) format.
* (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is
not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP
connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency.
PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+)
P stands for provisional connection. (+)
(+) This is used when one or more of the following is true:
- address not verified or lack of address
- UUCP dialup not active
- net connection possible but not officially announced
- premature official announcement of connection
F stands for a country that is connected to Internet only via means
of the FIDOnet network. It is assumed that the FIDO connection in this
case is stable and reliable.
2. Networks which are not included:
Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Military's unclassified portion of the
DDN - Data Defense Network) have computers all around the world. It is
generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. military base,
there will be a node reachable through gateways.
Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.),
or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations.
However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money.
Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those
are PRIVATE networks.
Many companies ( like U.S. Sprint, for example ) offer commercial
services to many countries which are not readily available on
the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via
UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is usually charged to
someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone
to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result,
those types of network have not been included in the list.
Although a user may RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those networks, one
may not be able to reply to it.
3. Updates:
The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international
networking is such that the information contained in this document
may be out of date by the time it reaches you.
If you have any update (i.e. knowledge that a new country is connected),
please send a message to <ocl@ic.ac.uk>, including an example address
from the country reached so that it can be verified.
Furthermore, if you are a connection provider or could provide a
low cost connection in a country, and are not listed as a provider in
that country (see "FURTHER INFORMATION" section), please notify either
Randy Bush <randy@psg.com> or me.
NOTE: This doesn't include providers for North America.
If you are a North American provider, then please DON'T contact us.
4. .US sites
While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have
a name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *.
5. .edu, .com, etc.
The domains in this section are special in that some of them are
used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet
access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all*
of those domains have full internet access. For example,
only a small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The
same is true for .com sites, for example.
6. UK and GB domains
There are two codes for United Kingdom, namely UK and GB. While
UK is used for addressing of most domains in DNS format, the field
GB is used mainly in the X.400 addressing of United Kingdom sites.
However, there is an increasing trend in some United Kingdom sites
being directly connected to Internet under the GB domain. The GB domain
is hence a perfectly suitable Internet top level domain.
When looking for further information, it is worth looking at both
UK and GB for United Kingdom.
7. Further information column
This column contains information as follows:
- E-mail address of a contact from which further information may be obtained
and/or
- Details of a gopher system that can be queried for further information
in this case, look at Section 8: Where to find further information
or
- If no other information available: nameserver details, if any.
This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net database.
Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to keep track of
all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers can be
queried by users using nslookup.
8. Where to find further information
A number of sites run on-line information databases, mail-servers,
and gopher information systems where further information can be found.
- rs.internic.net
Part of this site, the InterNIC database services, contains the
Internet "white pages". The "whois" section of the "white pages"
has registration records for top level domains. "whois" can be
accessed by connecting interactively (telnet rs.internic.net),
or via gopher (gopher rs.internic.net) or using the "whois"
command available on some computer systems (whois -h rs.internic.net).
Registration records for a domain are sometimes useful since they
provide Administrative and Technical Contacts for this domain
and those may hence be able to provide further information.
Whois can also be accessible by E-mailing mailserv@internic.net<br>
and subject: whois <name/domain>
- gopher.ripe.net
This is a gopher system run by ripe.net, the co-ordinator for
European Internet nodes. It contains a lot of information regarding
European IP, etc. It may be accessed either as "gopher gopher.ripe.net"
or "telnet gopher.ripe.net" and logging-in appropriately.
It also has a "whois" database.
- GNET: an Archive and Electronic Journal
This is co-ordinated by Larry Press <lpress@dhvx20.csudh.edu>
Archived documents are available by anonymous ftp from the
directory global_net at dhvx20.csudh.edu (155.135.1.1). To
conserve bandwidth, the archive contains an abstract of each
document, as well as the full document.
In addition to the archive, there is a moderated GNET
discussion list.
To submit a document to the archive or subscribe to the moderated
discussion list, use the address gnet_request@dhvx20.csudh.edu.
- BITNIC Bitnet Network Information Center
Bitnet LISTSERVs contain files which list all BITNET sites around
the world. For a listing of all BITNET sites, in country code order,
send a message to LISTSERV@Bitnic.educom.edu (or LISTSERV@BITNIC for
BITNET folks), no subject, and the command:
GET NODES INFO3
in the body of the message.
A very long file of information on all international BITNET sites
can be ftp'ed from Bitnic.educom.edu and is called BITEARN.NODES .
It is more than 2Mb long.
- www.nsrc.org
This Web system, maintained by the Network Startup Resource
Center and PSGnet/RAINet contains perhaps the most comprehensive
collection of information about country connectivity.
It's top level reference is: http://www.nsrc.org/ and the
coloured maps held in http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/bymap/world.html
point to further information www.nsrc.org.
A gopher system, "gopher.psg.com" is accessible through gopher.
For the gopher client impaired, one can telnet to gopher.psg.com
and login as gopher.
An important feature is an E-mail interface to access the information
in the gopher system.
Send E-mail to: server@gopher.psg.com
any subject, and in the body of the message:
send country/<country-code>
Example: if you want further information about Brazil (country code BR)
send country/BR
Many thanks to Randy Bush <randy@psg.com> and to John Klensin
<klensin@infoods.unu.edu> for setting-up this site and this
collaborative effort.
9. Archiving
Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive
sites around the world. Amongst them:
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/
ftp://lth.se:/pub/netnews/news.answers/mail/
#ftp://ftp.uu.net:/usenet/news.answers/mail/
#ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk:/mirrors/uunet/usenet/news.answers/mail/
#ftp://ftp.univ-lyon1.fr:/pub/faq/by-name/mail/
(#) those may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access
in some cases.
All FAQs are also available via listserv@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be or
listserv@blekul11.bitnet . For an index of all FAQs available,
put the command GET NETFAQS FILELIST in the body of your message.
The document is also retrievable by E-mail from rtfm.mit.edu by
sending an E-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu , blank subject line
and the command: send usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes
The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using a
simple mail-server that I have setup from my account.
Send E-mail to: <ocl@ic.ac.uk> with a subject: archive-server-request
and the command: get mail/country-codes in the body of your message.
The document is also distributed automatically once a month on a
mailing list. To subscribe to that mailing list, send a message to:
listserver@ic.ac.uk with the command in the body of the message:
SUBSCRIBE country-codes <your-name>
where "<your-name>" is your real name.
10. World-Wide-Web (WWW) document
A sister document is available on the World Wide Web. It is based
on this FAQ, and has links to further information for each domain:
http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/country-codes.html
A set of clickable international colour-coded maps is available at:
http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/misc/bymap/world.html
Web references for Top-Level information servers for a particular country
should be sent to <ocl@ic.ac.uk>. Thanks to all who have helped !
ISO 3166 Codes + Top level domains.
WARNING:
The link to some countries marked as being connected to Internet via
UUCP or FIDO is often an expensive telephone dialup link. The people
in those countries pay dearly for every byte of information sent to
them. It is therefore not advised to send an electronic mail to a
remote node in such a country asking "how's the weather there".
When it comes to money, people take things very seriously, especially
since funds are scarce. It is a matter of net etiquette to keep this
in mind. Junk mail sent to any node that has to pay a lot for its
telephone connection will clearly be dealt with HARSHLY and evasive
action may well be taken against those not respecting this notice.
Code Country Conn Notes Further information
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
AD Andorra FI *
AE United Arab Emirates FI *
AF Afghanistan(Islamic St.)
AG Antigua and Barbuda FI *
AI Anguilla FI *
AL Albania FI *
AM Armenia FI * Ex-USSR
AN Netherland Antilles
AO Angola (Republic of) *
AQ Antarctica FI * intermittent luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz
AR Argentina FI B *
AS American Samoa
AT Austria FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
AU Australia FI * munnari.oz.au
AW Aruba FI *
AZ Azerbaijan FI B * Ex-USSR
BA Bosnia-Herzegovina *
BB Barbados FI * upr1.upr.clu.edu
BD Bangladesh F
BE Belgium FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
BF Burkina Faso FI *
BG Bulgaria FI B *
BH Bahrain FI B *
BI Burundi
BJ Benin FI *
BM Bermuda FI *
BN Brunei Darussalam FI *
BO Bolivia FI *
BR Brazil FI B *
BS Bahamas FI *
BT Bhutan
BV Bouvet Island
BW Botswana *
BY Belarus FI * Ex-USSR
BZ Belize FI *
CA Canada FI B * relay.cdnnet.ca
CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl.
CF Central African Rep. FI *
CG Congo *
CH Switzerland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
CI Ivory Coast FI *
CK Cook Islands *
CL Chile FI B *
dcc.uchile.cl
CM Cameroon PFI * in .fr domain
CN China FI * ns.cnc.ac.cn
CO Colombia FI B *
cunixd.cc.columbia.edu
CR Costa Rica FI B *
CU Cuba *
CV Cape Verde
CX Christmas Island
CY Cyprus FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
CZ Czech Republic FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
DE Germany FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
DJ Djibouti FI *
DK Denmark FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
DM Dominica FI *
DO Dominican Republic FI *
DZ Algeria FI *
EC Ecuador FI B *
EE Estonia FI *
EG Egypt FI B *
EH Western Sahara
ER Eritrea *
ES Spain FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
ET Ethiopia F
FI Finland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
FJ Fiji FI *
FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas)
FM Micronesia
FO Faroe Islands FI * danpost.uni-c.dk
FR France FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
FX France (European Ter.) ???
GA Gabon
GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
GD Grenada P upr1.upr.clu.edu
GE Georgia FI * Ex-USSR ns.eu.net
GF Guiana (Fr.) *
GH Ghana FI *
GI Gibraltar FI *
GL Greenland FI *
GM Gambia F
GN Guinea PFI * dial-IP
GP Guadeloupe (Fr.) P
GQ Equatorial Guinea
GR Greece FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
GS South Georgia and
South Sandwich Islands
GT Guatemala FI * ns.uu.net
GU Guam (US) FI * in US domains
GW Guinea Bissau
GY Guyana *
HK Hong Kong FI B * hp9000.csc.cuhk.hk
HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
HN Honduras FI *
HR Croatia FI * dns.srce.hr
HT Haiti P
HU Hungary FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
ID Indonesia FI *
ns.uu.net
IE Ireland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
IL Israel FI B * relay.huji.ac.il
IN India FI B *
sangam.ncst.ernet.in
IO British Indian O. Terr.
IQ Iraq
IR Iran FI B *
IS Iceland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
IT Italy FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
JM Jamaica FI *
JO Jordan FI *
JP Japan FI B *
jp-gate.wide.ad.jp
KE Kenya FI *
KG Kyrgyz Republic FI * Ex-USSR (in .su domain)
KH Cambodia *
KI Kiribati
KM Comoros
KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P upr1.upr.clu.edu
KP Korea (North) P
KR Korea (South) FI B * ns.kaist.ac.kr
KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET
KY Cayman Islands FI *
KZ Kazachstan FI * Ex-USSR
LA Laos
LB Lebanon FI *
LC Saint Lucia FI * upr1.upr.clu.edu
LI Liechtenstein FI * t
telnet ns.ripe.net
LK Sri Lanka FI *
LR Liberia
LS Lesotho *
LT Lithuania FI * Ex-USSR aun.uninett.no
LU Luxembourg FI B * t
telnet ns.ripe.net
LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR lapsene.mii.lu.lv
LY Libya
MA Morocco FI *
MC Monaco FI *
MD Moldova FI *
MG Madagascar FI *
MH Marshall Islands
MK Macedonia (former Yug.)FI *
ML Mali FI *
MM Myanmar
MN Mongolia FI *
MO Macau FI * hkuxb.hku.hk
MP Northern Mariana Isl.
MQ Martinique (Fr.)
MR Mauritania
MS Montserrat
MT Malta FI *
MU Mauritius FI *
MV Maldives
MW Malawi F
MX Mexico FI B *
mtecv1.mty.itesm.mx
MY Malaysia FI B * mimos.my
MZ Mozambique FI *
NA Namibia FI *
NC New Caledonia (Fr.) FI *
NE Niger FI *
NF Norfolk Island
NG Nigeria F
NI Nicaragua FI *
NL Netherlands FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
NO Norway FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
NP Nepal FI *
NR Nauru
NU Niue
NZ New Zealand FI * truth.waikato.ac.nz
OM Oman *
PA Panama FI B *
PE Peru FI *
PF Polynesia (Fr.) FI *
PG Papua New Guinea * munnari.oz.au
PH Philippines FI * ns.uu.net
PK Pakistan FI *
PL Poland FI B * t
telnet ns.ripe.net
PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
PN Pitcairn
PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * sun386-gauss.pr
PT Portugal FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet gopher.ripe.net
PW Palau
PY Paraguay FI *
QA Qatar FI *
RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain inria.inria.fr
RO Romania FI B * roearn.ici.ac.ro
RU Russian Federation FI B * Ex-USSR
RW Rwanda F currently cut
SA Saudi Arabia FI B * dial-ip
SB Solomon Islands FI *
SC Seychelles *
SD Sudan F
SE Sweden FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
SG Singapore FI B * gopher solomon.technet.sg
SH St. Helena
SI Slovenia FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen IsFI * in .no domain
SK Slovakia (Slovak Rep) FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
telnet ns.ripe.net
SL Sierra Leone *
SM San Marino FI *
SN Senegal FI *
SO Somalia
SR Suriname FI *
ST St. Tome and Principe
SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used.
SV El Salvador FI *
SY Syria
SZ Swaziland FI *
TC Turks & Caicos Islands
TD Chad *
TF French Southern Terr.
TG Togo *
TH Thailand FI *
chulkn.chula.ac.th
TJ Tadjikistan * Ex-USSR
TK Tokelau
TM Turkmenistan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
TN Tunisia FI B *
alyssa.rsinet.tn
TO Tonga
TP East Timor
TR Turkey FI B *
knidos.cc.metu.edu.tr
TT Trinidad & Tobago FI *
TV Tuvalu
TW Taiwan FI B *
TZ Tanzania FI *
UA Ukraine FI *
UG Uganda FI *
UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB telnet news.janet.ac.uk
gopher news.janet.ac.uk
UK Network Enq. <liaison@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk>
UM US Minor outlying Isl.
US United States FI * see note (4) venera.isi.edu
UY Uruguay FI B *
UZ Uzbekistan FI * Ex-USSR
VA Vatican City State FI *
VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P upr1.upr.clu.edu
VE Venezuela FI * nisc.jvnc.net
VG Virgin Islands (British)
VI Virgin Islands (US) FI *
VN Vietnam *
VU Vanuatu FI *
WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
WS Samoa
YE Yemen
YT Mayotte
YU Yugoslavia FI B * bitnet is cut
ZA South Africa FI *
ZM Zambia FI * intermittent
ZR Zaire
ZW Zimbabwe FI *
See Note [5] for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net):
ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil
COM Commercial FI * telnet whois.internic.net
EDU Educational FI B * telnet whois.internic.net
GOV Government FI * telnet whois.internic.net
INT International field FI * ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil
NET Network FI * telnet whois.internic.net
ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * telnet whois.internic.net
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information,
this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY
an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis
for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a
voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could
be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release.
The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever
regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed.
Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification purposes only.
--
Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond, EE Dept | Also: Global Information Highway Ltd.
Imperial College of Science, Tech. & | Mobile: +44 (0)956 84 1113
Medicine, London SW7 2BT, UK | Fax: +44 (0)171 581 4851
<foobar@ic.ac.uk> In Funk We Trust <foobar@gih.com>