The mass death of birds as evidence of the collapse of the Antarctic

In 1984, there were over 400,000 Antarctic petrels in Svarthamaren
Mountain, Antarctica. By 2020, there were less than 100,000. But in
2022, Antarctic petrels have completely disappeared in the area.
Petrels are considered to be the only species of birds in the world
under the genus Thalassoica.
These seabirds have large brown and white wings with white
underparts below their heads and tails. They nest mainly on the
continent of Antarctica, where they breed and rest together in flocks
on pack ice. However, petrels have often been sighted in far-off
continent islands like New Zealand and Australia.
Antarctic petrels (https://bit.ly/35fDHCf) are carnivores that prey
on krill, fish and squid. Their average litter size is one to four birds.
On average, a petrel can weigh as much as 14.8 to 25.4 ounces and
grow up to 17 inches long. Antarctic petrels can be spotted in the
Southern Ocean and in the Antarctic Islands.
Joanna Sulich, a biologist and research technician from the Norwegian
Polar Institute, is the leader for the fieldwork at Svarthamaren this
season.
While on field research, Sulich reported that there wasn’t an Antarctic
petrel in sight in Svarthamaren when there should have been thousands
– especially during the breeding season. She added that this has never
happened before and that Svarthamaren is famous because it has the
largest colony of Antarctic petrels in the world.
According to Sulich, the lack of petrels and nesting sites in
Svarthamaren Mountain is strange and “completely extraordinary.”
Sulich reported seeing signs of life when she and her colleagues
arrived at the camp. They spotted only (https://bit.ly/3wH9XJx) four
animals in the whole colony, but when the storm calmed down, the
animals were also dead.
Svarthamaren Mountain is located in the Norwegian area Dronning
Maud Land (Queen Maud Land), 200 kilometers from the Southern
Ocean.
Since 1992, the Norwegian Polar Institute has had a small field
station Tor, which is 1,625 meters above sea level. Tor is the base
for the long-term investigation and monitoring of the seabird
populations on the mountain.
Sebastien Descamps, a researcher and biologist, is the project leader
for bird research at Svarthamaren. He agreed that it was shocking
and unexpected to see the lack of birds in the mountainous area.
Descamps added that he and other researchers have experienced bad
seasons before and that the Antarctic petrel population has declined,
but not at the extreme levels that they did this 2022.
According to Descamps, the petrel population has varied between
18,000 and 40,000 pairs in recent years. A similar number of chicks
were spotted in the nests on Svarthamaren. He also expected similar
figures for 2022.
Antarctic petrels feed on krill and fish. The researchers believe that
while the birds were heading to their usual nesting places this year,
severe weather made it impossible to stay, so they returned to the
Southern Ocean.
And while petrels may be used to living in harsh conditions, the
birds were already stressed because they couldn’t find enough food
out at sea.
The researchers think the Antarctic petrels disappeared because
of two factors: severe storms and poor access to food. Descamps
warned that the problem with the petrels is a sign of something
“about to happen out in the Southern Ocean.”
Descamps added that the die-off suggests a bigger problem with the
state of health of the marine ecosystem, and that experts should do
something immediately to address the issue and to shed light on
what is happening in the Antarctic – both on land and at sea.
According to Descamps, it’s difficult to say if the disappearance
of the Antarctic petrels can be linked directly to climate change.
“In Antarctica there are large variations, in some places the sea ice
increases, in other places it decreases, the sea temperature rises in
some places but not as much everywhere,” explained Descamps.
He didn’t see any changes in sea ice or temperature in the Southern
Ocean in the last 15 years that can easily be linked to climate change.
Several years of study can help determine long-term trends, concluded
Descamps. While he thinks some of the birds have died, Descamps
believes most of them are out in the Southern Ocean searching for
other sources of food.